人教版八年级下册英语Unit 3知识点(含短语+句型+精讲+作文)
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room ?
一、重点短语
1. go out for dinner 出去吃饭
2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚
3. go to the movies 去看电影
4. get a ride 搭车
5. work on 从事
6. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
7. clean and tidy 干净整洁的
8. do the dishes 洗餐具
9. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
10. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
11. sweep the floor 扫地
12. make your/the bed 整理床铺
13. clean the living room 打扫客厅
14. no problem 没问题
15. welcome sb. 欢迎某人
e home from school/work放学/下班回家
17. throw down 扔下
18. sit down 坐下
e over 过来
20. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
21. all the time 一直;总是
22. all day/evening 整曰/夜
23. do housework 做家务
24. shout back 大声回应
25. walk away 走开
26. share the housework 分担家务
27. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
28. in surprise 惊讶地
29. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
30. watch one show 观看一个节目
31. hang out 闲逛
32. pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
33. lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
34. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
36. do chores 做杂务
37. help sb. (to ) d o /with sth 帮助某人干某事
38. bring a tent带顶帐篷来
39. buy some snacks买些小吃
40. go to the store去商店
41. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
42. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
43. enough stress足够的压力
44. a waste of time浪费时间
45. in order to为了
46. get good grades取得好成绩
47. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
48. depend on依赖;依靠
49. develop children's independence发展孩子的独立性
50. look after/take care of 照顾;照看
51. do one's part in (doing ) sth. 做某人分内的事
二、必背重点句
1. Could you please clean your room 你能打扫一下你的房间吗?
2. I have to do some work. 我必须干些活。
3. Could I use your computer 我可以用一下你的电脑吗?
4. She won t be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话,她会不高兴的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也一样。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV .我一在电视机前坐下,我妈妈就过来了。
7. I hate to do chores. 我不喜欢做杂务。
三、词汇讲解
1. as a result
as a result为习惯短语,意为“因此;结果”,在句中作状语。
例如:
He didn't practise, and as a result he lost. 他没有练习,所以输了。
The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didn't arrive on time. 交通十分拥挤,因此我们没有能准时到达。
【拓展】
as a result of意为“由于……;作为……的结果”。先交代结果,再用as a result of连接原因。
例如:
We can’t go out as a result of the heavy rain. 因为下大雨,我们不能出去。
2. waste
(1) waste 作不可数名词,意为“浪费,废物,垃圾”。
例如: I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。
(2) waste 作形容词,意为“无用的,浪费的,荒废的”。
例如: We shouldn’t throw waste paper about. 我们不应该乱扔废纸。
A factory is pouring waste water into the river. 一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。
(3) waste 作及物动词,意为“浪费”。
例如:We shouldn’t waste the time. 我们不应该浪费时间。
3. pass
(1) pass作动词,意为“经过,传递”。
例如:
The school bus passed our garden. 校车经过了我们的花园。
Please pass me the book. 请把书递给我。
(2) pass 作名词,意为“关口,通过”。
例如:
He has got a pass mark. 他达到了及格标准
4. borrow&lend
(1) borrow 意为“借,借用”;反义词是lend(借出)。 “borrow…from”意为“从……借(入)……”。
例如: I often borrow books from the library. 我经常从图书馆里借书。
(2) “lend…to”意为“把……借(出)……”。
例如:I lend my book to Lily. 我把我的书借给莉莉了。
5. depend
depend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等,只用作不及物动词,通常与介词 on, upon 连用,主要用法有:
(1) depend on/upon+某人或某物
例如:
Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather.我们是否去野营要看天气。
有时可在某人或某物后用介词for。
例如:
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.儿童的衣食靠父母。
(2) depend on [upon]+从句
例如:
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
The amount you pay depends on where you live.你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。
(3) 口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。
例如:
——Are you going too 你也去吗
——That depends. 那要看情况。
(4) depend on意为“视……而定;取决于;依靠”,其后可跟名词、代词或从句作宾语,on也可以换为upon。
例如:
——When shall we start 我们什么时候动身?
——It depends on(upon) the weather. 依天气情况而定。
6. while
(1) while作连词时,可以意为“当……时候, 和……同时”。
例如:
Our friends arrived while we were having dinner. 当我们吃饭的时候,朋友们来了。
(2) while还可作并列连词,意为“而,然而”,表示两者之间的对比。
例如:
I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜欢听音乐,而我的弟弟爱好运动。
7. provide
provide为及物动词,意为“提供”,常和with搭配。provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”,其同意表达为 provide sth. for sb.。
例如:
The Sun provides us with light and heat.太阳给我们提供光和热。
Sheep provide us with wool. /Sheep provide wool for us.羊供给我们羊毛。
8. since
(1) since作介词,意为“从…以来; 自从…之后”。
例如:
She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。
(2) since作连词,可以意为“因为; 既然; 由于”。
例如:
Since it is late I shall go home now.由于时间晚了, 我现在要回家了。
Since you are so sure of it he’ll believe you.既然你对此这么有把握, 他会相信你的。
四、重点句型解析
1. Could you please clean your room
“Could + 主语 + please + 动词原形 + 其他?”这一句型相当于“Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他,please?”意为“请……,好吗?”。这两种句型均表示礼貌的请求,语气委婉,客气。其中could在此句中不表示过去,而表示说话人的语气委婉。因此回答时,不能用could回答。
例如:
Could you please help me with my English = Could you help me with my English, please 请你帮我学英语好吗?
——Could I have a look at it, please 请让我看一看它好吗?
——Certainly!当然可以。
2. They should …in order to get good grades and get into a good university.
(1) 本句中的in order to是一个固定搭配的短语,意思是“为了”,后接动词原形构成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语,否定形式是在to前面加not。in order to可以和so as to 互换,但后者不能放在句首。
例如:
In order not to be late, you should go now.为了不迟到,你现在应该走。
(2) in order to+动词原形和so as to+动词原形可以转换成in order that+从句和so that+从句。
例如:
He did anything in order to make money.= He did anything in order that he could make money.为了赚钱,他什么都做。
Please go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.=Please go in quietly so that we won’t wake the baby.请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。
3. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
“neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”表示“……也不”,指后者与前者具有相同的情况,但是表示的是否定意义的相同。相当于一个主谓倒装的否定句。neither 此处意为“也不”,是副词。
例如:
Mary doesn’t like singing. Neither do I.玛丽不喜欢唱歌,我也不喜欢。(我和Mary 有相同的情况,前句是否定句,下文用neither开头,主谓倒装)
如果上文是肯定句,下文表示与上文有相同情况时,用“so+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”。
例如:
Mary likes singing. So do I.玛丽喜欢唱歌。我也喜欢。(我和Mary有相同情况,前句是肯定句,下文用so开头,主谓倒装)
【拓展】
当表示对上文所讲内容的赞同时,可以用“so + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”或者“neither + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”来表示。前者用于肯定句,后者用于否定句。
例如:
Mary plays the piano well. So she does.玛丽钢琴弹得很好。她确实弹得好。(表示对上文所讲内容的赞同,前句是肯定句,下文用so开头,主谓不倒装)
Mary doesn’t play the piano well. Neither she does.玛丽钢琴弹的不好。她确实弹得不好。(表示对上文内容的赞同,前句是否定句,下文用neither开头,主谓不倒装)
4. And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess.
(1) 本句中if后面的部分是这个句子中的条件状语从句。在以when,after,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表将来。
例如:
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。
If it doesn’t rain, he will come here on time.如果不下雨,他会按时来这儿的。
* 常见的“主将从现”有以下三种情况:
1)条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时,那么从句常常用一般现在时。
例如: When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人。
2)如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在时。
例如:Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。
3)如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时,根据需要从句多用一般现在时。
例如:You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。
5. I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
本句中的make作使役动词,意为“使……;让……”讲时,常构成make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”,类似的动词还有let,have等。
例如:
The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。
They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。
Their boss often let them work long hours every day. 他们老板经常让他们每天工作很长时间
【拓展】
make作使役动词,还可以构成:make + 宾语(sb./sth.) + 形容词/名词(作宾补),即make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。
例如:
What he said makes us happy. 他所说的话使我们很高兴。
We made John our monitor. 我们选约翰当班长。
五、语法
宾语从句
1. 疑问词引导的宾语从句
当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,疑问词就是引导词,这时疑问词不可省略,而且宾语从句要用陈述语序,即:疑问词+主语+谓语+其他?
Where will we have a meeting 我们将在哪儿开会?→ Could you please tell me where we will have a meeting 你能告诉我我们将在哪儿开会吗?
What should I do next 下一步我该做什么?→ I wonder what I should do next. 我想知道下一步我该做什么。
2. 含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换
含有宾语从句的复合句在一定条件下可以转换为简单句。若主句的主语或宾语与从句的主语一致,则由疑问词引导的宾语从句可以变成“疑问词+动词不定式”的复合结构。我不知道下一步应该怎样做。
I don’t know how I should do it next. → I don’t know how to do it next.
3. 当主句谓语动词是see, hear, watch等时,其后的that从句常简化为“宾语+动词原形/动词-ing形式”。
I saw some boys were playing basketball on the playground just now.→ I saw some boys playing basketball on the playground just now.刚才我看到一些男孩正在操场上打篮球。
4. 当主句的谓语动词是hope, agree, wish等,主句的主语或宾语与从句的主语一致时,其后以that引导的宾语从句可简化为动词不定式结构。
He agreed that he could help me with my English.→ He agreed to help me with my English.他同意帮我学习英语。
六、写作积累
1. 本单元以“有礼貌地请求和征求许可”为话题,围绕“能做的家务”进行学习,并能运用以下几个常见的句型,如:
Could you please...
Yes, sure.
OK, but I want to...
I don't understand why some parents make their kids help with chores at home.
They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.等。
熟练掌握本单元常见的短语及重点句型。
2. 句型积累
(一)礼貌地提出请求的句型:
Could you please do sth.
(二)征求许可的句型:
Could I...
(三)表达观点的句型:
I think/believe that...
I agree/disagree that...
It's unfair that...
In my opinion,...
As for me,...
3. 经典范例
假如你叫 Mary,由于你的父母忙于工作,你在家照顾5岁的妹妹Tina.父母给你发了一封电子邮件(e-mail)想了解你们在家的情况。请你根据提示回一封电子邮件。80 词左右。
提示:
do some chores
make the beds
do the dishes
break a dish
do better next time
sweep the floor
【思路点拨】:体裁:应用文
时态:一般过去时
人称:第一人称、第三人称
Dear Mom and Dad,
Thanks for your e-mail. I'm glad you are getting on well with your work. Now let me tell you something about us. We are doing quite well at home. On the first day, we got up early. We both did some chores. Tina made the beds andswept the floor. I made breakfast and did the dishes. Though I broke a dish, we were very happy doing the chores. After breakfast, we did our homework together. After lunch, we watched TV and played games. We played very happily.Don't worry about us. I can look after myself and Tina well.
I think we will do better next time. Have a good time!
Yours,
Mary