人教版八年级下册英语Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world知识点（含短语 句型 精讲 作文）

人教版八年级下册英语Unit 7 知识点（含短语+句型+精讲+作文）
Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world？
一、重点短语
1. as big as 与……一样大
2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一
3. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
4. as far as I know 据我所知
5. man-made objects 人造物体
6. part of... ...的组成部分
7. the highest mountain 最高的山脉
8. in the world 在世界上
9. any other mountain 其它任何一座山
10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中
11. run along 跨越……
12. freezing weather 冰冻的天气
13. take in air 呼吸空气
14. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
15. in the face of difficulties 面临危险
16. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
17. achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想
18. the forces of nature 自然界的力量
19. reach the top 到达顶峰
20. even though 虽然;尽管
21. at birth 在出生的时候
22. be awake 醒着
23. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去
24. walk into sb. 撞到某人
25. fall over 摔倒
26. take care of 照顾;照料
27. every two years 每两年
28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木
29. endangered animals 濒危动物
30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少
31. be in danger 处于危险之中
32. the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性
二、词汇讲解
1. population
population意为“人口”时，是一个集体名词，被看作一个整体，在句中做主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：
The population of China is large.中国人口众多。
【拓展】
(1) 当表示一个城市、地区或国家有多少人口时，常用以下两种结构，即“the population of + 某地 + is + 数词”或“某地 + has a population of + 数词”。
例如：
The population of London is over ten million. =London has a population of over ten million. 伦敦的人口超过一千万。
(2) population可与large，small搭配，但不能与many，few搭配。
例如：
The city with its large population has become crowded.这个人口众多的城市变得拥挤不堪了。
(3) 询问人口数量常用what或how large。
例如：
What’s the population of the city =How large is the population of the city 这个城市有多少人口？
(4) population前有修饰词，如分数、百分数时，表示整体人口中的一部分，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：
One half of the population of the city are farmers.这个城市的一半人口是农民。
2. protect
protect作及物动词，意为“保护”。常用搭配protect sb./sth. from/against…，意为“保护某人/某物免受……伤害”。
例如：
We should protect rare animals.我们应该保护珍稀动物。
Parents protect their young from danger.父母保护他们的儿女不受伤害。
3. include
include作动词，意为“包括；包含”。
例如：
The price for the hotel includes breakfast. 旅店的费用包括早餐在内。
The parcel included a dictionary. 那包裹里有一本字典。
【拓展】
including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用，和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包括……在内”。
例如：
There are many different kinds of moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and ham. 有很多种月饼，包括水果的，咖啡的和火腿月饼。
There are 40 students in the classroom, including me.班里有40名学生，包括我在内。
同样，included也有介词用法，且：including + 宾语 = 宾语 + included。
所以上个例句亦可写成：
There are 40 students in the classroom, me included.
4. succeed
succeed作不及物动词，意为“成功”；表示做某事做成功了，succeed 后通常接in doing sth。
例如：
His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。
At last he succeeded in solving the problem. 他终于把那个问题解决了。
She succeeded in passing the exam. 她考试及格了。
【拓展】
(1)success 表示抽象意义的“成功”，作不可数名词；表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数名词。
例如：
Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
His new book was a great success.他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。
(2)successful作形容词，意为“成功的”。
例如：
The performance was successful. 演出很成功。
It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的试验。
5. achieve
(1)achieve作及物动词，意为“完成；实现”。
例如：
You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.你若总是这样消磨时间，就永远不会有所成就。
Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。
No one can achieve anything without effort. 谁也不可能不努力而有所作为。
(2)achieve作及物动词，意为“达到；赢得”。
例如：
The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen. 那位演员十九岁时就成名了。
She achieved no success. 她没有获得成功。
【拓展】
achievement作名词，意为“成就；成绩”。
例如：
The invention of the computer is a great achievement. 发明电脑是一大成就。
6. force
(1)force作名词，意为“力；力量；武力”。
例如：
The force of the explosion broke all the windows in the building.爆炸的力量震碎了这座建筑上的所有窗户。
The law should remain in force.法律应当有效力。
We’ll settle the problem by force if necessary.如果有必要的话，我们会用武力解决这个问题。
(2)force作动词，意为“强迫”。force sb. to do sth.意为“强迫某人做某事”。
例如：
I can’t force him to stay.我不能强迫他暂时留下来。
7. weigh
weigh表示“称……的重量”，是及物动词；表示“重(多少)”，是不及物动词。
例如：
He weighed the fish. 他称了这条鱼。
Do you often weigh yourself 你经常称体重吗
He weighs 60 kilos. 他体重60公斤。
The meat weighs five pounds. 这肉重五磅。
【拓展】
weight是名词，意为“重量，体重”。
例如：
What’s your weight 你体重是多少？
比较：by weight 和 in weight
by weight表示“按重量”，in weight表示“重量上”。
例如：
Do they charge carriage by weight 他们是按重量收取运费吗
It’s smaller in size but greater in weight. 它体积比较小，但分量比较重。
8. take in
take in意为“吸入；吞入（体内）”。
例如：
On weekends the Smiths usually drive to the countryside and take in the fresh air there. 周末，史密斯一家常驱车到农村去呼吸那里的新鲜空气。
【拓展】
(1)take in意为“领会；理解”。
例如：
Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.动手翻译句子之前，首先要理解单词的含义。
(2)take in意为“欺骗；蒙蔽”。
例如：
Law will protect the girl taken in and sold by the abductor.法律将保护那位被人贩子欺骗和拐卖的姑娘。
(3) take in意为“接收；收留”。
例如：
The poor man had nowhere to live in, so we took him in.那个可怜的人没有地方住，所以我们让他住在我家。
三、必背重点句
1.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 当你接近山顶时，连呼吸都会困难。
2.One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。
3.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们证明：我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。
4. How high is Qomolangma 穆朗玛峰有多高？
5. Although Japan is older than Canada，it is much smaller.虽然日本比加拿大有更悠久的历史，但是日本比加拿大小多了。
6.Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 成年大熊猫一天要花12个多小时的时间吃大约十千克竹子。
四、重点句子讲解
1. As far as I know, there are no man-made objects as big as this.
as far as I know是一个固定表达方式，还可以说so far as I know，意为“据我所知”。
例如：
As far as I know, Wang Tao has two brothers. 据我所知，王涛有俩弟弟。
They’re not coming this Sunday, so far as I know. 他们这周日不来了——就我所知是这样的。
2. This spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.
give up是动词短语，意为“放弃；停止；戒除”。give up doing something意为“放弃做某事；半途而废”。
例如：
She doesn’t give up easily. 她不会轻易放弃。
The doctors had given her up but she made a remarkable recovery. 医生们已放弃了治愈她的希望，而她却恢复得很好。
You ought to give up smoking.I gave it up last year.你应该戒烟，我去年就戒掉了。
【拓展】
give的相关短语：
give away赠送，分发；
give off放出，释放；
give in屈服，让步；
give out分发，用完；
give back归还
3. Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the remaining forests.
本句中living in the remaining forests为现在分词短语，修饰名词pandas。分词短语作定语时，应置于被修饰名词之后。
例如：
The man standing by the window is our teacher.站在窗边的那个人是我们老师。
（standing by the window就是一短语，也就是说不是一个单词，在此作定语表主动）
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现一个穿绿色衣服的女青年。
（过去分词短语作定语表被动或完成）
【注意】
区别：现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，表示主动意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表完成或被动的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表完成不表被动的动作。
例如：
They lived in the house facing the south. 他们住在朝南的房子里。(现在分词作定语表示主动意义)
The meeting held yesterday is important. 昨天开的会议很重要。（及物动词的过去分词表被动或完成）
(2)分词短语作定语相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。
例如：
The man reading a novel at the desk is my father.（现在分词表“主动、正在”） = The man who is reading a novel at the desk is my father. 在桌边读小说的人是我父亲。
Is there anything planned for tonight （过去分词表“被动、已经”）= Is there anything that has been planned for tonight 今晚有什么活动吗？
4. Pandas do not have many babies, maybe one every two years.
every+ 基数词+ 复数名词=every+ 序数词+ 单数名词，作“每(多少)”解。
例如：
every three days 每三天或每隔两天，相当于 every third day
We hand in our homework every three days.我们每隔两天（每三天）交一次作业。
【拓展】
(1)“every other+单数名词”意为“每隔一……”。
例如：
every other day 每隔一天 every other tree 每隔一棵树
(2)“every few+复数名词”意为“每隔几……”。
例如：
every few days每隔几天
5. One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing…
one of +the +形容词最高级+复数名词/代词，意为“最……之一”，当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：
His brother is one of the tallest boys in the class.他弟弟是这个班最高的男生之一。
The song is one of the most popular songs.这首歌是最流行的歌之一。
One of us has nothing for breakfast. 我们中有一个人没吃早饭。
五、重点语法讲解
1.和比较级有关的句式
2.和最高级有关的句式
六、写作积累
1. 本单元以“地理与自然”为话题，向我们介绍了地理奇观和两种珍稀动物。我们都知道大自然是五彩缤纷的，且人与自然是相互依存的，所以我们要尽最大的努力去保护大自然，保护动物。具体到本单元的学习中，要求同学们运用所学知识，介绍一些野生动物的相关情况，并要求大家保护好它们。
2.)描述地理和自然的句型：
China is almost as big as the US.
Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China .
. ..is ... times larger / older / bigger / taller / ... than ...
China has a much longer history than the US .
....is ...times as large / tall / big / ... as ...
As far as I know，...
How high / deep / wide / ... is . .
What ' s the biggest/largest ... in the world
We should try our best to protect . ..
The number of ... is getting smaller and smaller .
3. 做为一个中国人，你对我们的中国了解多少呢？请给你在美国的笔友 Dave 写封信，向他介绍你的祖国。80 词左右，恰当运用比较级和最高级，可适当发挥。
中国是亚洲最大的国家。和美国差不多大。
中国有世界上最多的人口。人们友好勤劳。
长江是世界最长的河流之一。 中国有超过 5000 的悠久历史。比美国的历史长多了。
中国有世界最高山峰。
词汇：as…as, population，the Yangtze River ,the third longest ,much longer, Qomolangma
范文
Dear Dave,
I'm happy to be your pen pal. I’d like to tell you something about China.
China is the biggest country in Asia. It's almost as big as the USA. China has the biggest population in the world. The people here are friendly and hard-working. The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. China is over 5000 years old. It has a much longer history than the US. The Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.
I love China very much. Welcome to China and play with me.
Yours,
Li Le
4. 在我们国家，野生动物，尤其是濒危野生动物一直能得到很好的保护。2021年，我国保护云南亚洲象安全迁徙就是一个很好的例子。请你根据以下内容，以“Saving Asian Elephants”为题，写一篇介绍及保护亚洲象的英语短文。
Animal：亚洲象
Food：草，树叶，也吃香蕉和甘蔗(sugarcane)
Living place：较热的地方
Description：亚洲最大最壮的陆地动物之一；性格友善；极度濒危，数量稀少
Ways to protect Asian elephants:保护森林；不购买象牙制品；请你自己补充一点。
Saving Asian Elephants
How much do you know about Asian elephants Let's learn more about them.
The Asian elephant is one of the largest and strongest land animals in Asia . They mainly eat grass and leaves . At the same time , they also eat bananas and sugarcane . They enjoy living in hotter places . They have a friendly personality , but with the hunting and killing of people , they are now extremely endangered and in rare numbers .
In order to protect wild animals , we should cut down the forest reasonably and return the home to the wild animals . We mustn't buy things made of ivory . What's more , the government should pass some laws to protect them .
In a word , if we can share the Earth with the animals , we will have a better world and a brighter future.