人教版八年级下册英语Unit 8Have you read Treasure Island yet 知识点（含短语 句型 精讲 作文）

人教版八年级下册英语Unit 8 知识点（含短语+句型+精讲+作文）
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet
一、课内短语归纳
1. on page 25 在第25页
2. the back of the book 书的背面
3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙
4. in two weeks 在两周之内
5. go out to sea 出海
6. an island full of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿
7. write about 写作关于……的内容
8. finish doing sth. 做完某事
9. wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来
10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
11. grow fruits and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜
12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前
13. the marks of another man’ s feet 另一个人的脚印
14. not long after that 不久之后
15. run towards sp. 跑向某地
16. use...to do sth. 用……来做某事
17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记
18. read the newspaper 看报
19. science fiction 科幻小说
20. can’ t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
21. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法
22. number of people 人数
23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事
24. study abroad 在国外学习
25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
e to realize 开始意识到
27. ever since then 自从那时起
28. the southern states of America 美国的南部地区
29. belong to 属于
30. be kind to each other 善待彼此
31. trust one another 互相信任
32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美
33. have been to sp. 去过某地
34. do some research on sth. 对……做研究
35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事
37. the first line in the song歌曲的第一行
38. enjoy success in享受……的成功
39. at the end of the day傍晚的时候
二、用法归纳
1. finish doing sth 完成做某事
2. arrive at/in somewhere 到达某地
3. learn to do sth学习做某事
4. see sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事
5. name sb sth 给某人取名为.......
6. teach sb sth 教某人某事
7. use sth to do 用某物做某事
8. love to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事
9. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事
10. be kind to sb 对某人友好
11. hope to do sth 希望做某事
12. have time to do sth 有时间做某事
13. have nothing to do 没什么事情可做
三、必背经典句
1. — Have you read little Women yet 你读过《小妇人》吗
— Yes,I have. / No,I haven’t. 是的，我读过。/ 不，我没有。
2. — Has Tina read Treasure Island yet 蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗
— Yes, she has. She thinks it’s fantastic. 是的，她读过。她觉得它很棒。
3. Would you like something to drink 你要来点喝的吗
4. I heard you lost your key. 我听说你丢钥匙了。
5. She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. 她开始意识到，事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。
四、语法精讲
现在完成时
1. 定义
（1） 表示到说话人说话时已经完成的动作，却对现在仍有影响。
He has lost his book. 他丢了他的书。
（2） 表示事情开始于过去，却一直持续到现在还在进行的事情。
He has taught in our school for 30 years. 他在我们学校教书已有30年了。
（3） 表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况，并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去，也有可能到现在就结束。
My father has always gone to work by bike. 我父亲一向骑车上班。
（4） 同一般现在时可以表示将来一样，现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。
I’ll wait until he has written his letter. 我愿等到他把信写完。
2. 结构
（1） 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其它
（2） 否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 动词过去分词 + 其它
（3） 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其它
（4） 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其它
She has played the piano for two hours. 她已经弹钢琴两小时了。
She hasn’t played the piano for two hours.
— Has she played the piano for two hours
— Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t.
How long has she played the piano
3. 标志词的具体用法
（1） already, just, ever, never, before, yet
①　already 意为“已经”
通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。
He has already had breakfast. 他已经吃完早餐了。
②　just 意为“刚刚”
表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
My father has just finished his work. 我爸爸刚完成工作。
③　ever 意为“曾经”
用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。
Have you ever visited the Great Wall 你曾经去过长城吗？
④　yet 用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。
— Have you watched the movie yet 你已经看过电影了吗？
— No. I haven’t watched it yet. 不，我还没有。
⑤　never 意为“从来没有”，多放在助动词与过去分词之间，常与 before 连用。
I have never been to such a beautiful place before. 我从来没有来过如此漂亮的地方。
⑥　before 意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。
I haven’t been to Beijing before. 我以前没来过北京。
（2） since 和 for
①　since + 过去时间点 / 过去时的从句。
Helen has lived in New York since 2015. 海伦自从2015年一直住在纽约。
My brother has learned about 500 English words since he was five years old. 我的哥哥从五岁就学习了500个英文单词。
②　for + 一段时间，其时间状语常用 how long 提问。
— How long have you cleaned your room 你打扫一次教室要多长时间？
— I have cleaned it for about two hours. 我需要两小时打扫。
③　since + 一段时间 + ago=for + 一段时间
Jack has played basketball for three years( since three years ago). 杰克打篮球三年了。
4. 瞬间动词与延续性动词
（1） 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，可以与表示时间段的状语连用；瞬间性动词不能表示延续的动作，动作一发生立即结束，后面通常不能跟时间段，若要跟时间段，将其转化为延续性动词。
The movie has already begun for ten minutes. (错误)
The movie has already begun. (正确）
The movie has already been on for ten minutes. (正确)
※ 在否定句中瞬间性动词可与一段时间连用
I haven’t bought anything for one month.
（2） 延续性动词和非延续性动词的替换
begin(start)→be on
die →be dead
leave →be away (from) fall
ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)
get up→be up
go out →be out
finish →be over
put on →wear 或 be on
open →be open
join →be in或 be a member of
close →be closed
go to school→be a student
borrow →keep
buy/get →have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)
get to know →know
begin to study→study
come to work→work
move to → live in
finish/end → be over
come to → be in
sit down → be seated
marry → be married
dress → be dressed
5. 三个have / has句式的区别
（1） have/has been to
表示“曾经去过某地已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never等连用。
I have ever been to Sydney. 我曾经去过悉尼。
（2） have/has gone to
意为“某人到某地去了”该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。表示某人去了某地（还没有回来）。
Lily’s father has gone to Chengdu. Lily的爸爸去成都了。
（3） have/has been in
表示“某人在某地待了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用 since, for, how long 等，表示某人在某地待了多久。
Mark has been in China since two year ago. Mark在中国待了两年了。
6. 用于现在完成时的句子
（1） It is the first/second time + that 句型中部分用现在完成时。
It is the first time that he has visited the Palace Museum. 这是他第一次参观故宫。
（2） This is + 形容词最高级结构 + that 句型中部分用现在完成时。
This is one of the ugliest faces that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最丑的脸之一。
（3） It is / It has been + 时间段 + since ...
It has been two years since we met last year. 距我们上次见面有两年时间了。
7. 动词过去式和过去分词的变化
规则变化：
（1） 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed
（2） 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned
（3） 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied
（4） 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped
不规则变化：
（1） 以不变应万变。如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read
（2） 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept
（3） 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent
（4） 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy → bought → bought; bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught
……
五、重点句子讲解
1. Oliver Twist is about a boy who goes out to sea and finds an island full of treasures. 《雾都孤儿》是关于一个男孩儿出海,并发现了一个满是宝藏的岛屿(的故事)。
（1） full of 此处是形容词短语，意为“满是.的;(有)大量的;(有)丰富的”，在句中作后置定语，也可在句中充当状语或表语
He received several baskets full of apples. 他收到了几个装满苹果的篮子。(后置定语)
Robinson stared at the footprint, full of fear. 鲁滨逊盯着那个脚印，满怀恐惧。(状语)
Her eyes were full of tears. 她的眼里充满了泪水。(表语)
※ be filled with(= be full of)意为“充满;装满”。full形容词，意为“满的”其反义词为 empty，意为“空的”。empty 还可作动词，意为“倒空”。
（2） treasure 意为“珠宝;财富”时，通常用作不可数名词;意为“珍品;珍宝;贵重物品”时，为可数名词。
They didn’t find the treasure of the wrecked ship. 他们没有找到那艘失事船只上的宝物。
This palace has lots of art treasures. 这座宫殿里有很多艺术珍宝
2. It was really good, so l couldn’t put it down.它真的很好，所以我对它爱不释手。
put...down 意为“记下;放下”，为“动词+副词”型短语，若宾语为代词，则代词应放在 put 与 down 中间。
Put down the poem and then read it loudly. 把这首诗记下来，然后大声把它读出来。
Put down your pen and take a rest. 把你的钢笔放下，休息一会儿吧。
3. You should hurry up. The book report is due in two weeks. 你应该快点儿。读书报告两周后必须交。
（1） hurry up 为固定短语，意为“赶快;急忙(做某事)”
Hurry up, or you will be late for school. 快点儿，否则你上学将会迟到。
※ ①hurry to+地点，意为“匆忙去某地”
The fans hurried to the airport. 粉丝们匆忙赶往机场。
②hurry to do sth. 意为“匆忙做某事”
He hurried to finish his work. 他匆忙地完成了工作。
③hurry 用作名词，意为“匆忙”。in hurry 意为“匆匆忙忙”
He finished his work in a hurry. 他匆忙地完成了工作。
（2） due 此处作形容词，意为“预期;预定”，其后可接带 to 的动词不定式。be due to do sth.意为“预定做某事”。
When is the plane due to arrive 飞机预计什么时候到
Her baby is due next month. 她的宝宝预计下个月出生
The children are due to arrive very soon. 孩子们很快就会到。
（3） in two weeks 是“in+一段时间”结构，意为“在某段时间之后”，表示以现在为起点的一段时间以后，常用于一般将来时的句子中
We will be back in an hour. 我们将会在一小时后回来。
--How soon will you come back home 你多久以后会回家
--In half an hour. 半小时后。
对“in+一段时间”进行提问时，用 how soon，意为“多久以后”
※ 辨析:“in+一段时间”与“after+一段时间”
in+一段时间表示“从现在算起的一段时间以后”也可以表示“在将来多长时间之内“，常与一般将来时连用。
after+一段时间表示过去一段时间以后，以过去时间点为起点，常与一般过去时连用。
4. I have already cut down trees and built a house.我已经砍倒了树木并建造了一所房子。
cut down 为固定短语，意为“把.砍倒;裁短;减少;缩减”。cut 的过去式和过去分词是其本身。
They cut down the big tree. 他们把这棵大树砍倒了,
You'd better cut the article down to about 2,000 words. 你最好把这篇文章缩减到两千左右。
※ cut 的常见短语:
cut up 切碎 cut out 切掉
cut in 插入;插话;插队;超车 cut off切断;隔断;断绝
5. One of them died but the other ran towards my house. 其中一个人死了，但是另一个人朝我的房子跑过来。
（1） one... the other...为固定搭配，用于两者之间，意为“一个...另一个。
He has two daughters. One is a doctor, and the other is student. 他有两个女儿。一个是医生，另一个是学生。
※ some... the others...用于三者或三者以上，意为“一些...其余的..
Boys are on the playground. Some are playing football and the others are
playing tennis. 男孩儿们都在操场上。一些正在踢足球，其余的正在打网球。
（2） towards 介词，意为“朝，向;对着”
They drove towards the park.他们驾车朝公园开去。
※ 辨析: towards与to
towards只表示向着某个方向，没有“到达”之意
to常跟在动词 go，come，return，move等之后，表示“向，往”，有
“到达”之意。
He walked towards the school. 他朝着学校走去,
He moved to Beijing last year. 去年他搬到了北京。
6. The Toms must be popular. 汤姆乐队一定很受欢迎。
must be 此处表示肯定推测，意为“一定是;必定是”，常指有根据的、比较有把握的推测，一般用于肯定句中。否定句中用 can't be，表示“不可能”
There must be mistake. 一定是弄错了。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他看起来脸色那么苍白。
It can’t be Mr. Wang. He has gone to Shanghai. 这不可能是王先生。他已经去上海了。
7. When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family. 当萨拉年少时，她几乎每一件事都要与她的家人争吵。
fight over 为固定短语，相当于 fight about，意为“因...而争论;争夺..”
其中 fight 用作不及物动词,意为“打架;战斗”,其过去式和过去分词都为 fought.
The two dogs were fighting over a bone. 两只狗正在为一块骨头撕咬。
Don’t fight over small things. 不要为琐事争吵。
※ 提示
（1） fight with sb.= have fight with sb.=get into fight with sb. 和某人争吵
Have you fought with your brother again 你又和你弟弟争吵了吗
（2） fight for sth.争取获得某物;为某物而斗争
They fight for equal human rights. 他们为获得平等人权而斗争。
8. She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. 她逐渐意识到实际上她是多么思念他们。
come to do 此处意为”(事情)逐渐;终于.”,常与know,understand,realize
be，love，like 等动词连用，强调渐变过程。
How did you come to know Mr. Green 你是怎么认识格林先生的
When you get older, you’ll come to realize how much your parents have
done for you. 当你逐渐长大时，你会慢慢发现你的父母为你付出了多少。
※ come to do 还可意为“来做(从事)某事”
Excuse me, would you like to come to help me with my math 打扰了，你愿意来帮助我学数学吗
We hope you’ll come to visit us. 我们希望你会来看望我们。
9. Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US, such as the importance of money and success, but not about belonging to a group. 现在许多歌曲都只是关于美国现代生活的，比如金钱和成功的重要性，而不是有关归属感的。
（1） such as 意为“例如;诸如此类的”用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，相当于like 或 for example，表示举例，若后面接动词，通常用动名词形式。
I know four languages, such as French and English. 我懂四种语言，如法语和英语。
I have a lot of hobbies, such as dancing and playing basketball. 我有很多爱好，例如跳舞和打篮球。
※ 辨析: such as与for example
such as用来列举整体之中的部分同类人或事物，such as之前一般用逗号和句子隔开，之后没有逗号，直接加名词或名词性短语。
for example是列举整体之中的一个，在句子中多用作插入语，位置可以在句首、句中或句末，用逗号与句子隔开，之后也有逗号。
China has many big cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen. 中国有许多大城市，比如北京、上海和深圳。
Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution as well. 例如，噪音也是一种污染。
（2） belong 此处作不及物动词，常与介词 to 连用，belong to 意为“属于”。
That dictionary belongs to Alex. 那本字典是属于亚历克斯的。
belong to 后接名词或人称代词的宾格形式，但后面不能接名词性物主代词或名词所有格。
※ belong to 常与名词性物主代词或名词所有格进行同义转换。
It must belong to Carla.= It must be Carla’s. 它一定属于卡拉。
10. However, country music brings us back to the “good old days” when people were kind to each other and trusted one another. 然而，乡村音乐带我们回到“过去的美好时光”，那时人们彼此友好、相互信任。
（1） be kind to sb.意为“对某人友好”，相当于 be friendly to sb..
Our teachers are kind to us. 我们的老师们对我们很友好。
（2） 句中的 each other 与 one another 同义，意为“相互;彼此”，二者常可互换。它们在及物动词之后可直接用作宾语(如 help each other 等);而在不及物动词之后，则要借助介词(如 talk to each other,learn from one another 等)。
We all help each other/one another. 我们都互相帮助。
They looked at each other/one another and laughed. 他们彼此看了看便笑了起来。
※ each other与 one another 均有所有格。
They know each other’s/one another’s advantages. 他们彼此都了解对方的优点。
六、作文积累
本单元的写作话题是“文学与音乐”
典型例题：
1. 请根据你读过的一本书，写一篇读后感。具体要求如下：
（1） 写出书名及作者；
（2） 简单介绍书中你最感兴趣的人物、情节或思想(任选一个即可)；
（3） 说明你对它感兴趣的理由；
（4） 不少于80词。
范文：
Do you know Harry Potter It’s one of my favorite books and it’s written by J . K . Rowling.
Harry Potter is a magical school student who wears glasses and has no parents, and now he is 16 years old. He is very brave and known by everyone because he is the only person who will not die. At school , he has two good friends, Rone and Henry. When I read the book for the first time, I think it is very exciting and interesting. So I read it again and again. Each time I have different feelings. Sometimes I even feel as if I were one of Harry’s partners. Now there are seven editions of Harry Potter published and they are very popular with young students. Books about Harry Potter have sold millions of copies all over the world .
Do you like Harry Potter If you haven’t read the book yet, read it now and you’ll find a wonderful world .
2. 有句名言说：“书是人类的朋友，书是人类进步的阶梯。”在你读过的书中，哪一本是你最欢的 请以“My Favorite Book”为题，写一70词左右的英语短文，简单介绍一下你最喜欢的书，并阐述你喜欢它的原因。
范文：
My Favorite Book
My favorite book is The Story of My Life. It was written by Helen Keller. In the book, she wrote that she had not been able to see, hear or speak since the age of one year and seven months. This made her very sad. When she was seven, she got to know her good teacher. The teacher helped her learn how to write English words. Helen was a very clever girl, so she learned things very quickly. She wrote and published many famous works, and The Story of My Life is one of them. The Story of My Life shows us a truth: Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it! This is why I like it best.