【精品解析】2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题（一）英语试卷

2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题（一）英语试卷
一、第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（2024·模拟）How might the woman feel
A．Uneasy. B．Disappointed. C．Unconcerned.
2．（2024·模拟）What does the man think of the party
A．He doesn't like the party.
B．He hates to prepare for the party.
C．It is worthwhile to prepare for the party.
3．（2024·模拟）What are the speakers mainly discussing
A．How customers could be best served.
B．What kind of stores can offer lower prices.
C．Whether online stores will replace high-street stores.
4．（2024·模拟）What does the man mean
A．A cold drink can be relaxing.
B．Scott and Tina like to play jokes on each other.
C．Humor can be helpful in embarrassing situations.
5．（2024·模拟）What does the woman ask the man to do
A．Bring a gift. B．Return something. C．Have dinner.
二、第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有10秒钟的时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
（2024·模拟）听材料，回答问题。
6．What do we know about Mr Bannister
A．He is new to the company.
B．He works on the trade deal.
C．He is not experienced enough.
7．Who do the speakers think is suitable for the position
A．Mr Duncan. B．Mrs Templeton. C．Amelia.
（2024·模拟）听材料，回答问题。
8．Where are the speakers probably
A．On a game show. B．In a spaceship. C．In a bank.
9．Who was the first woman in space
A．Anna Edison.
B．SallyK. Ride.
C．Valentina Tereshkova.
（2024·模拟）听材料，回答问题。
10．Why are the two speakers upset
A．It may snow during their vacation.
B．They may not be able to take their vacation.
C．They may fail to join the graduation ceremony.
11．Why can we learn about their vacation
A．They are going skiing.
B．They have made bookings for their plane.
C．Their flight has been cancelled.
12．What made them miss so many classes
A．The earthquake. B．The bad winter. C．A terrible flu.
13．What are they going to do right now
A．Talk to Professor Hampton.
B．Speak to all of the other people.
C．Call the travel agency.
（2024·模拟）听材料，回答问题。
14．How many nights is the man going to stay at the hotel
A．One night. B．Two nights. C．Four nights.
15．What time is it now
A．6:30 pm. B．10:00 pm. C．10:45 pm.
16．What is on the 14th floor
A．A gym. B．A restaurant. C．A swimming pool.
17．What does the woman tell the man about breakfast in the end
A．How good it is.
B．How much to pay for it.
C．Where and how long it is.
（2024·模拟）听材料，回答问题。
18．What do the words "this trap" in the first paragraph refer to
A．Having a racial bias.
B．Responding to wrong texts.
C．Criticizing political figures.
19．What does Ethan Mollick think of Gemini's early launch
A．Creative. B．Promising. C．Controversial.
20．What can we infer about Google from the last paragraph
A．Its employees are irresponsible.
B．It needs further improvement.
C．Its security is doubted.
三、第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2024·模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
With all the dietary information online, it can be hard to know what tips to follow. Watch out for these words and expressions.
Fat Is Good
It doesn't matter if you are part of the fat is GOOD for you or BAD for you group, the important question to ask is the source of the fat. If it comes from a land-based animal, and is likely to be solid at room temperature, then it is saturated （饱和的） fat whereas if it comes from fish or plants, and it is likely to be liquid at room temperature, then it is unsaturated fat. All the evidence indicates that eating more unsaturated fat than saturated fat lowers your risk of dying early.
Natural Sugar Is Better
The vast majority of sugar we consume is sucrose （蔗糖）. It is the white powdered stuff we cook with and is made up of glucose and fructose. How about sugar from honey It is often marketed as natural and better for you. Actually, it just has its own distinct flavour, but is as sweet because of glucose and fructose.
High-pH Water
Some people think we need to eat alkali （碱） food to maintain our blood at a pH of 7.4. But everything we eat or drink passes through the stomach, which, at a pH of 1.5, is the most acidic part of the body. It is then neutralised to a pH of 7. So, nothing we eat will change the pH of our blood.
Don't Eat Anything That You Can't Pronounce
Whether foods are natural or highly processed, they are all full of chemicals. Are you supposed to fear "phenylthiocarbamide", because you can't pronounce it This is simply the chemical responsible for the bitter taste found in brassicas, the plants in the cabbage and mustard family.
Don't Eat Food With More Than Five Ingredients（佐料）
Simple foods are not necessarily healthier for you. If I, for instance, use Chinese five spice powder in a recipe, that would count as one of the five ingredients. However, what if I added the typical components of five spice powder separately into a dish Does that mean my recipe suddenly becomes bad because it has more than five ingredients
21．According to the passage, healthier fat ____.
A．can be found in fish and plants
B．comes from land-based animals
C．remains solid at room temperature
D．can lower the death rate of elders
22．The passage suggests that ____.
A．diets can help adjust the pH of our blood
B．honey sugar can do more good than sucrose
C．foods with more ingredients may be as healthy
D．chemicals we can recognize are safer to take in
23．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To compare tips on food choices.
B．To introduce different health concepts.
C．To recommend fitness recipes to readers.
D．To warn us of some dietary misunderstandings.
（2024·模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher told me plainly: "Now I will teach you how to write your name. And to make it beautiful." I felt my breath catch. I was curious.
Growing up in Singapore, I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, "old", "barley （薏米） "and "warm".
When I arrived in America for college at 18, I put on an American accent and abandoned my Chinese name. When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage I thought.
In calligraphy, the idea is to copy the old masters' techniques, thereby refining your own. Every week, though, my teacher would give uncomfortably on-the-nose assessments of my person. "You need to be braver," he once observed. "Have confidence. Try to produce a bold stroke （笔画）." For years, I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence, but my writing betrayed me.
I was trying to make sense of this practice. You must visualize the word as it is to be written and leave a trace of yourself in it. As a bodily practice, calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural restrictions. Could it help me go beyond mine My teacher once said to me, "When you look at the word, you see the body. Though a word on the page is two-dimensional, it contains multitudes, conveying the force you've applied, the energy of your grip, the arch of your spine." I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots, but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. Now I have sensed that the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully.
During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: "This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours." He might as well have said, "This word is you."
24．What did the author initially think of her name "Chen Yiwen"
A．It was lucky so she gladly accepted it.
B．She felt proud of its symbolic meaning.
C．She understood the intention but still disliked it.
D．Its strange pronunciation made her embarrassed.
25．The author decided to learn calligraphy to ____.
A．pick up a new hobby
B．reconnect with her origin
C．gain insights into a new culture
D．fit in with the local community
26．From the teacher's words, the author learns that calligraphy ____.
A．reflects the creator's spirits
B．comes from creative energy
C．highlights the design of strokes
D．depends on continuous practice
27．What does the author intend to tell us
A．Appreciate what our culture offers.
B．Find beauty from your inner self.
C．A great teacher leads you to truth.
D．We are the sum of what we create.
（2024·模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
"Assume you are wrong." The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.
To understand the context for Nosek's advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods.
But methodological reform hasn't come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life's work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.
What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong—a goal that your critic presumably shares.
One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it's easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.
Despite these worries, I like Nosek's suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community—we're all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.
Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis （假说）: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don't know if that's true. In fact, I should probably assume that it's wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.
28．What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A．Reformers tend to devalue researchers' work.
B．Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms.
C．People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science.
D．The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection.
29．The strategy of "assuming you are wrong" may contribute to ____.
A．the enormous efforts of scientists at work
B．the reliability of potential research results
C．the public's passion for scientific findings
D．the improvement in the quality of evidence
30．The underlined word "demoralizing" in Paragraph 5 means ____.
A．discouraging B．ineffective C．unfair D．misleading
31．The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ____.
A．doubtful but sincere B．disapproving but soft
C．authoritative and direct D．reflective and humorous
（2024·模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet （单簧管） like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual.
Other Americans who have stood out from the flock include Joe DiMaggio, Beverly Sill, Ernest Hemingway and Jonas Salk. They, like Benny Goodman, were recognized and honored for no other reason than excellence.
It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head.
The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise （即兴发挥）, who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn't work and make it work—these people are the very soul of capitalism.
Charles Kettering didn't like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one's capacity.
The ones with the purple hair and the funky jewelry are just along for the ride, trying to be "different" and not knowing how to go about it.
The student who earns straight A's on his report card has grasped the idea and has found the real meaning of individuality. So has the youngster who has designed his own spaceship, who gives piano recitals, who paints pictures of the world around him.
Benny Goodman understood it too. This is why he was at his best, blowing his clarinet, in a blue suit and black shoes.
32．The author mentions the appearance of Benny Goodman to ____.
A．show what a talented musician should look like
B．introduce an important figure in the musical world
C．contrast with his talent in music performance
D．indicate that he can't stand out from the flock
33．The author would most probably agree that ____.
A．an individualist tends to seek difference both in character and appearance
B．the essence of individualism lies in pursuing excellence to the full
C．being different in appearance is the very first step to being individual
D．those who strive to win the recognition of others are real individualists
34．According to the passage, which individual's actions may not truly embody the essence of individualism
A．A scientist who conducts research solely advancing knowledge for the greater good rather than for personal recognition.
B．A social media influencer who conforms to popular opinions to maintain a large following.
C．An artist who creates unique works but fail to gain fame and recognition from others.
D．An entrepreneur who prioritizes ethical considerations over profit in his business practices.
35．For the main thread, the article is organized by way of ____.
A．specific to general B．cause and effect
C．examples and conclusion D．comparison and contrast
四、第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2024·模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Art Builds Understanding
Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand the most meaningful aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights we gain when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters can be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing.
　36． 　 It contributes to facilitating a better understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts. The question is how that happens — what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art
According to the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large. 　37． 　 This results in the build-up of layers of materials — from initial studies and sketches to the final, refined piece. A viewer's initial interaction with an artwork starts where the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves the processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the finishing touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. 　38． 　.
In addition, art making and art viewing are connected by creative thinking. Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. It showed that the more time visitors spent engaging with art and the more they reflected on it, the greater the correspondence with the artists' intentions and ideas. 　39． 　.
Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential to communicate across space and time. 　40． 　 What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums.
A.The viewers gain a new perspective on the story.
B.The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art.
C.This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen.
D.To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work.
E.After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist.
F.For example, in one activity, people are asked to view a work of art from different perspectives.
G.Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program.
五、第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2024·模拟）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Heads or Tails
Careful: It's not 50-50
The phrase "coin toss" is a classic synonym for randomness. But since the 18th century, mathematicians have 41． that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other. Proving this tiny bias, 42． , would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips, making laboratory tests a logistical （后勤的，组织协调的） 43． .,
Franti ek Barto , currently a Ph.D. candidate studying the research methods of psychology at the University of Amsterdam, became interested in this 44． four years ago. He couldn't 45． enough volunteers to investigate it at first. But after he began his Ph.D. studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers from six countries. Multiple weekends of coin flipping later, including one 12-hour marathon 46． , the team performed 350,757 tosses, breaking the previous record of 40,000.
With one side initially upward, the flipped coin landed with the same side facing 47． as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time. The large number of throws allows 48． to conclude that the nearly 1 percent bias isn't a fluke （侥幸）. "We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin flips after this data set," Barto says.
The leading theory explaining the 49． advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by Stanford University statisticians, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire track — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of 50． . The researchers determined that airborne coins don't turn around their symmetrical axis （对称轴）; 51． , they tend to move off-center, which causes them to spend a little more time high in the air with their initial "up" side on top.
For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random because a 1 percent bias isn't 52． with just a few coin flips, says statistician Ameli, who wasn't involved in the new research. Still, the study's conclusions should eliminate any lasting doubt regarding the coin flip's slight bias. "This is great experiment-based evidence 53． the bias," she says.
It isn't difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply 54． the coin's starting position before flipping it should do the trick. But if your friends are 55． the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a casino's house advantage. "If you asked me to bet on a coin," Barto says, "why wouldn't I give myself a 1 percent bias "
41．A．confirmed B．denied C．recorded D．suspected
42．A．therefore B．however C．for example D．vice versa
43．A．nightmare B．context C．intervention D．delay
44．A．coinage B．discipline C．challenge D．phrase
45．A．cooperate with B．round up
C．shrug aside D．count on
46．A．analysis B．race C．interview D．session
47．A．upward B．evenly C．downward D．uniformly
48．A．volunteers B．gamblers C．psychologists D．statisticians
49．A．accidental B．dominant C．subtle D．prejudiced
50．A．mechanics B．relativity C．geometry D．chemistry
51．A．moreover B．instead C．likewise D．initially
52．A．insignificant B．accessible C．inclusive D．perceptible
53．A．reversing B．integrating with
C．backing up D．rejecting
54．A．concealing B．shifting C．perceiving D．anchoring
55．A．favourable to B．opposed to C．unaware of D．suspicious of
六、第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2024·模拟）阅读下面短文，从空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Why We Should Record Travel Moments
On a rainy summer day, I took a train to Switzerland and trekked through the mud to a medieval fortress high atop a cliff. After twisting through its dimly lit corridors, I finally 　56． 　 (arrive) at the main viewpoint of Cave of the Fairies: a plunging 77m waterfall that shoots from underground into a sparkling pool. As the waterfall wet my jacket, I closed my eyes and took out my phone 　57． 　 (record) the rush of dreamy reality before me.
I had come in search of a sound, not a sight.
Throughout my travels, I've found myself 　58． 　 (collect) sound recordings the way other people collect souvenirs. Just as some travellers take photos of landscapes or their food, I started doing this as an artistic way to help me remember some of the most interesting details of my trips.
Environmental scientist Lauren Kuehne said, "I think that once you start to listen, once you actually start to listen, you start to appreciate how much 　59． 　 (big) the world is."
This attitude 　60． 　 (echo) by Samara Kester, a retired emergency medicine physician who now serves on QPI's board. "A photograph is two dimensions. 　61． 　 you are looking at something you're seeing, it's maybe 180 degrees, maybe 270 degrees. Sound is 360 degrees. You hear it all around you." Kester explained 　62． 　 teaching herself to be a better listener has not only expanded her sense of travel, but helped her relive her travels once she's back home. "You immerse 　63． 　 in that place again. You recreate those memories and therefore recreate the feelings you had, 　64． 　 are very hard to express clearly. You can re-experience that and that will send you to where you were before."
Months later back in my L.A. home, I find myself popping on my headphones and listening back to the rush of falling water inside Cave of the Fairies. When I close my eyes, I 　65． 　 feel the spray of water against my skin, the sense of letting my ears lead me on a faraway adventure. Mentally, I'm right back there — if only for a moment.
七、第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）
66．（2024·模拟）随着人工智能的快速发展，ChatGPT已进入我们的生活，正逐渐影响我们的学习方式和体验，有人认为它会带来诸多便利，也有人心存顾虑。假设你是晨烁中学的李华，学校贴吧就此话题正在热议，你对此很感兴趣，决定回帖响应。回帖内容应包括：
1.你是否支持使用ChatGPT；
2.你的理由。
八、第二节（满分25分）
67．（2024·模拟）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As Valentine's Day, a time for expressing affection through the exchange of presents, drew near, Kendra found herself seated at the kitchen table, carefully penning her name on Valentine's cards for her classmates. She recognized her own hesitation; words didn't come easily to her. While she envied the ease with which her peers talked and laughed, her shyness often kept her quiet.
Kendra grabbed another card. Her eyes lit up at the phrase "You're dynamite （引起轰动的人或物）!" — a term that would undoubtedly delight her Grammy, who frequently used the expression to praise their festive decorations. "Well, that looks dynamite!" Grammy would exclaim, her approval filling Kendra with warmth.
Just as Kendra was signing the cards, her mother came in, sharing the sad news of Elise, their neighbor, and her recent accident that led to a broken leg, restricting her to home schooling for the coming weeks. Kendra felt sorry for Elise, and quickly picked the most splendid valentine, hurrying to Elise's home.
Upon arrival, Kendra's look fell upon the life-sized deer statue decorating the front yard. She studied it, saying to herself, "Wouldn't this deer look cool with a big heart around his neck Elise could look out of the window and see it decorated for Valentine's day."
With this idea, Kendra got the sizable red heart her Grammy had given her, tied it with string, and hung it around the statue's neck like a festive chain. The next day, she decorated the antlers （鹿角） with a variety of smaller hearts. It was during this act of kindness that Colin and Amy, Elise's fellow classmates, happened upon the scene. "Are you decorating Elise's deer for Valentine's Day " they asked. Kendra confirmed with a nod, explaining her intention to cheer up Elise. Despite her uncertainty about what to add next, Colin proposed adding some color, while Amy suggested putting decorations on the deer's back and forehead. United by a shared purpose, they agreed to meet later.
Paragraph 1: That afternoon, they met to decorate the deer with the materials they had sourced.
Paragraph 2: Just then, Elise's front door opened, and Elise stuck her head out.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: We are trying to start a club.
M: How is it going
W: We were hoping for at least fifteen people, but only two signed up.
【分析】问题：女发言人可能会有什么感受？根据"We were hoping for at least fifteen people,
but only two signed up." 我们原本希望至少有十五个人参加，但只报名了两个人。可推知，女发言人可能会觉得失望，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意留意转折信息，转折信息往往对话中的重要内容，因为它们可能改变句子的意思或引入新的信息。因此，在听录音时，要注意听清转折词，如"but"、"however"等，以便准确理解对话的含义。
2．【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I'm really looking forward to the party. But it's all the hard work you have to do before that I don't enjoy.
W: Oh, it's fine. It gives us the chance to get the house nice and tidy.
【分析】问题：男发言人觉得聚会怎么样？根据"I'm really looking forward to the party. But it's
all the hard work you have to do before that I don't enjoy." 我真的很期待这个聚会。但是，聚会之前所有要做的准备工作我都不喜欢。 可推知，男发言人不喜欢为聚会而做准备，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意理解言外之意，有时，对话中的言外之意比字面意思更重要。因此，在听录音时，要注意理解说话者的隐含意图和言外之意，以便更准确地回答问题。
3．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I think online shopping will replace going out to shops. Online stores can offer much lower prices than the high-street stores.
W: I doubt it. I think we'll always want to touch some things physically and see them before we buy them.
【分析】问题：两位发言人主要在讨论什么？根据" I think online shopping will replace going out to shops. " 我认为网上购物将取代去实体店购物。 ；以及"I doubt it. I think we'll always
want to touch some things physically and see them before we buy them." 我对此表示怀疑。我认为我们总是想要亲自触摸一些东西，看看它们再买。 可推知，两位发言人主要在讨论网上商店是否会取代实体店铺，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意理解对话逻辑，听力短对话通常具有一定的逻辑结构，考生需要通过理解对话的逻辑来把握整体内容。要注意对话者之间的关系、对话的目的和背景等信息，以便更好地理解对话内容。
4．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: With Scott and Tina both up for the same job, I feel nervous when they're in the same room.
M: I just try to act normally, like tell them a joke or something. That usually breaks the ice.
【分析】问题：男发言人的意思是什么？根据"I just try to act normally, like tell them a joke or
something. That usually breaks the ice."我只是尽量表现得正常一些，比如给他们讲个笑话之类的。这通常能打破僵局。可推知，男发言人的意思是幽默在尴尬的情况下可能很有帮助，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意理解言外之意，有时，对话中的言外之意比字面意思更重要。因此，在听录音时，要注意理解说话者的隐含意图和言外之意，以便更准确地回答问题。
5．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: It's really nice of you to cook for me tonight.
W: I'm glad to do it. You've been so helpful, and it's only fair that I return the favour. I hope you've brought your appetite.
【分析】问题：女发言人让男发言人做什么？根据"I hope you've brought your appetite. "我希望你食欲大开。可推知，女发言人让男发言人吃晚饭，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意语气和语调，语气和语调可以传达说话者的情感和态度，有助于我们更好地理解对话的言外之意。在听录音时，要注意捕捉说话者的语气和语调变化，从而更全面地理解对话内容。
【答案】6．C
7．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: There are many candidates for this promotion. In my opinion, Mr Bannister has proven himself to the company, but he doesn't have much experience.
M: I agree with you, Amelia, but we shouldn't ignore Mrs Templeton. She really helped us a lot with the trade deal last year.
W: I didn't think about that. You're right. We should go with her, as she's been with us longer.
M: Let's inform Mr Duncan that we've reached a decision.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕晋升候选人人选一事展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意转折与连接词，转折和连接词在听力长对话中扮演着重要的角色。它们不仅能够帮助考生理解对话的逻辑结构，还能提示重要信息的出现。因此，考生在听录音时，要特别注意这些词汇，以便更好地把握对话的整体意义。
6．问题：关于班尼斯特先生，我们知道什么？根据" In my opinion, Mr Bannister has proven himself
to the company, but he doesn't have much experience."在我看来，班尼斯特先生已经向公司证明了自己，但他没有太多经验。可推知，班尼斯特先生没有太多经验，故选C。
7．问题：发言人认为谁适合这个职位？根据"I agree with you, Amelia, but we shouldn't ignore
Mrs Templeton." 阿米莉亚，我同意你的看法，但我们也不应该忽视坦普尔顿夫人 ；以及"I didn't
think about that. You're right. We should go with her, as she's been with us longer." 我没想到这点。你说得对。我们应该选她，因为她在我们这里工作的时间更长。 可推知，发言人认为坦普尔顿夫人适合这个职位，故选B。
【答案】8．A
9．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: So, Anna, if you answer this question correctly, we'll put $1 million in your bank account today. Are you ready
W: Yes. Please go ahead.
M: Well, here's the question. Who was the first woman to go into space
W: The answer is American astronaut Sally K. Ride.
M: Oh, Anna, I'm afraid that's incorrect.
W: I'm sorry, I just remembered Valentina Tereshkova.
M: Yes, the Russian. I'm afraid I need to take your first answer. But you still walk away with $250,000. Ladies and gentlemen, a round of applause for Anna Edison.
W: Thank you.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕一场比赛节目中关于进入太空的第一位女性这一话题展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意理解对话逻辑。听力长对话通常具有一定的逻辑结构，考生需要通过理解对话的逻辑来把握整体内容。要注意对话者之间的关系、对话的目的和背景等信息，以便更好地理解对话内容。注意排除干扰选项，在听力长对话中，干扰选项是常见的。考生要学会根据对话内容和题目要求排除这些干扰项，以便更准确地找到正确答案。在排除干扰项时，要注意对比各选项之间的差异和联系，找出与对话内容最符合的选项。
8．问题：两位发言人可能在哪里？根据"So, Anna, if you answer this question correctly,we'll put
$1 million in your bank account today. Are you ready " 那么，安娜，如果你正确回答了这个问题，我们今天就会往你的银行账户里存入100万美元。你准备好了吗？ ；以及"Yes. Please go ahead."好的，请继续。；以及"Ladies and gentlemen, a round of applause for Anna Edison."女士们，先生们，请为安娜·爱迪生（Anna Edison）热烈鼓掌。可推知，此处为一场比赛节目，故选A。
9．问题：进入太空的第一位女性是谁？根据"The answer is American astronaut Sally K. Ride." 答案是美国宇航员萨莉·K·莱德（Sally K. Ride）。 ；以及"Oh, Anna, I'm afraid that's incorrect."哦，安娜，恐怕这是不正确的。；以及"I'm sorry, I just remembered Valentina Tereshkova." 抱歉，我刚想起了瓦莲京娜·捷列什科娃。 ；以及"Yes, the Russian. "是的，那个俄罗斯人。可推知，俄罗斯人瓦莲京娜·捷列什科娃是进入太空的第一位女性，故选C。
【答案】10．B
11．B
12．B
13．A
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Cindy! Have you heard the news
W: No, Steve. What do you mean
M: You know all the classes we've missed because of the snow We're going to have to make them up and it will have to be during the spring break.
W: Oh, no! We have our vacation all set! What are we going to do Do the others know that
M: I don't know but I certainly can't afford to miss five days of classes this term.
W: But I really don't want to cancel our trip. All of us have already booked our plane tickets!
M: I can try to call the travel agency; maybe they can return our money. But before we do anything we need to speak with our professors.
W: You think they'll excuse us from class
M: I don't know. But I think we're going to have to speak to all of them anyway.
W: Why didn't they add extra days at the end of the term before summer classes
M: Because of the graduation date, which can't be changed!
W: Are other colleges around here doing the same thing
M: I would imagine so! It has been such a bad winter and we've missed too many classes. We really need to make them up.
W: I know, I know. I was just really looking forward to this vacation. The idea of the sun and the beach!
M: Oh, look, there's Professor Hampton right now!
W: Come on, let's go and talk to him.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕两位发言人因为糟糕的冬天不能正常度过假期一事展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意注意语气和语调，语气和语调可以传达说话者的情感和态度，有助于我们更好地理解对话的言外之意。在听录音时，要注意捕捉说话者的语气和语调变化，从而更全面地理解对话内容。注意快速记录要点，在听录音时，可以用简洁的方式快速记录要点，如关键词、数字、人名等。这样可以在回答问题时迅速回忆起相关信息，提高答题准确性。注意理解言外之意，有时，对话中的言外之意比字面意思更重要。因此，在听录音时，要注意理解说话者的隐含意图和言外之意，以便更准确地回答问题。
10．问题：两位发言人为什么感到沮丧？根据"You know all the classes we've missed because of the
snow We're going to have to make them up and it will have to be during the spring break." 你知道我们因为下雪而错过的所有课程吗？我们将不得不补课，而且必须在春假期间进行。；以及" Oh, no! We have our vacation all set!" 哦，不！我们的假期都安排好了！ 可推知，两位发言人感到沮丧的原因是他们可能无法去度假了，故选B。
11．问题：我们为什么能了解到他们的假期情况？根据"But I really don't want to cancel our trip. All of
us have already booked our plane tickets!" 但我真的不想取消我们的旅行。我们都已经预订了机票！ 可推知，他们已经已经预订了机票，故选B。
12．问题：是什么让他们错过了这么多课程？根据"It has been such a bad winter and we've missed
too many classes. " 这个冬天太糟糕了，我们错过了太多的课。可推知，糟糕的冬天让他们错过了这么多课程，故选B。
13．问题：他们马上要做什么？根据"Oh, look, there's Professor Hampton right now!" 哦，看，现在汉普顿教授就在那里！ ；以及"Come on, let's go and talk to him." 来吧，我们去和他谈谈。 可推知，他们马上要去和汉普顿教授交谈，故选A。
【答案】14．A
15．C
16．A
17．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Good evening. Do you have any rooms available at the moment
W: Yes, we do. How many nights do you want to stay
M: Four, if it's possible.
W: Okay, let me see... I'm sorry, sir. I'm afraid we can only give you a room for two nights. It's a very busy period right now. We're almost fully booked these days.
M: All right. I'll just stay for tonight, then. It's too late to go to other hotels now. I'll search for another one tomorrow.
W: That's an excellent idea, sir. And thank you for your understanding. So, a single room for one night. Here is your key card, and your room is on the 7th floor.
M: Thanks. By the way, is there a swimming pool in the hotel
W: Yes, there is. It's on the 15th floor. But it closes at 10:00 pm., so it was closed 45 minutes ago already.
M: That's too bad.
W: We do have a gym that opens 24 hours. It's on the 14th floor.
M: Great! Thanks for letting me know.
W: You're welcome, sir. Oh, before I forget, breakfast is served on the 2nd floor from 6:30 to 10:00 in the morning.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕一次酒店入住场景在顾客与酒店服务人员之间展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意识别重复和强调，在对话中，重复和强调往往是对话者想要传达的重要信息。考生要注意识别这些表达方式，并重点关注这些信息。同时，也要注意对话者的语气和语调变化，它们也可以帮助考生识别重要信息。注意理解对话逻辑，听力长对话通常具有一定的逻辑结构，考生需要通过理解对话的逻辑来把握整体内容。要注意对话者之间的关系、对话的目的和背景等信息，以便更好地理解对话内容。注意排除干扰选项，在听力长对话中，干扰选项是常见的。考生要学会根据对话内容和题目要求排除这些干扰项，以便更准确地找到正确答案。在排除干扰项时，要注意对比各选项之间的差异和联系，找出与对话内容最符合的选项。
14．问题：男发言人打算在酒店住几晚？根据"All right. I'll just stay for tonight, then." 好的。那我就只住今晚了。 可推知，男发言人打算在酒店住一晚，故选A。
15．问题： 现在几点了？ 根据"But it closes at 10:00 pm., so it was closed 45 minutes ago already." 但是它在晚上10点关闭，所以它在45分钟前就已经关闭了。 可推知，现在是10点45分，故选C。
16．问题：第十四层楼有什么？根据"We do have a gym that opens 24 hours. It's on the 14th floor." 我们确实有一个24小时开放的健身房。它在14楼。 可推知，第十四层楼有健身房，故选A。
17．问题：最后，女发言人告诉男发言人关于早餐的什么事情？根据"Oh, before I forget, breakfast is
served on the 2nd floor from 6:30 to 10:00 in the morning." 哦，在我忘记之前，早餐在二楼供应，时间是早上6:30到10:00。 可推知，最后，女发言人告诉男发言人关于早餐的用餐地点和时长，故选C。
【答案】18．A
19．C
20．B
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】Users of Google Gemini, the tech giant's artificial-intelligence model, recently noticed that asking it to create images of Vikings, German soldiers from 1943 or America's Founding Fathers produced surprising results: hardly any of the people depicted were white. Gemini had been programmed to show a range of ethnicities. Other image-generation tools have been criticised because they tend to show white men when
asked for images of entrepreneurs or doctors. Google wanted Gemini to avoid this trap; instead, it fell into another one, depicting George Washington as black and the pope as an Asian
woman.
Some observers likened Gemini's ahistorical diversity to "Hamilton" or "Bridgerton". It seemed that Google had merely made a well-meaning mistake. But it was a gift to the tech industry's right-wing critics. On February 22nd Google said it would halt the generation of images of people while it rejigged Gemini. But by then attention had moved on to the chatbot's text responses, which turned out to be just as surprising.
Gemini happily provided arguments in favour of affirmative action in higher education, but refused to provide arguments against. It declined to write a job ad for a fossil-fuel lobby group, because fossil fuels are bad and lobby groups prioritise "the interests of corporations over public well-being". Asked if Hamas is a terrorist organisation, it replied that the conflict in Gaza is "complex"; asked if Elon Musk's tweeting of memes had done more harm than Hitler, it said it was "difficult to say". You do not have to be Ben Shapiro to discern a progressive bias.
Inadequate testing may be partly to blame. Google lags behind OpenAI, maker of the better-known ChatGPT As it races to catch up, Google may have cut corners. Other chatbots have had controversial launches. Releasing chatbots and letting users uncover odd behaviours, which can be swiftly patched, lets firms move faster, provided they are prepared to weather the potential risks and bad publicity, observes Ethan Mollick, a professor at Wharton Business School.
But Gemini has clearly been deliberately calibrated, or "fine-tuned", to produce these responses; they are not "hallucinations", where a model makes things up. This raises questions about Google's culture. Is the firm so financially secure, with vast profits from internet advertising, that it feels free to try its hand at social engineering Do some employees think it has not just an opportunity, but an obligation, to use its reach and power to promote a particular agenda That risks deterring users and provoking a political and regulatory backlash. All eyes are now on Google's boss, Sundar Pichai. He says Gemini is being fixed. But does Google need fixing too
【分析】本段独白主要讲述了Google公司所面临的一系列问题以及亟需改进之处。
【点评】考查独白理解。注意借助上下文推测信息，在听力独白中，有些信息可能并不直接给出，但考生可以通过上下文进行推测。例如，根据前文提到的内容或语境，可以推断出某些未明确表述的信息或意图。注意问题排列与顺序，在回答问题时，要注意问题的排列和顺序。通常，问题的顺序与录音内容的顺序相匹配。因此，考生可以按照问题的顺序，依次寻找答案，避免遗漏或混淆。注意逻辑分析与推理，听力独白往往需要考生进行一定的逻辑分析和推理。考生需要根据听到的内容，结合已有的知识和经验，进行综合分析，从而得出正确的答案。注意保持良好心态与自信，面对听力独白这种题型，保持良好的心态和自信至关重要。考生要相信自己的能力和准备，不要因为某个难题而影响整个考试的发挥。同时，要学会调整心态，遇到困难时保持冷静和积极应对。
18．问题： 第一段中的" this trap "指的是什么？根据"Gemini had been programmed to show a
range of ethnicities. Other image-generation tools have been criticised because they tend
to show white men when asked for images of entrepreneurs or doctors. Google wanted
Gemini to avoid this trap; " Gemini 被编程以展示不同种族的人。其他图像生成工具受到批评，因为当要求它们生成企业家或医生的图像时，它们往往展示白人男性。Google 希望 Gemini 能够避免这个陷阱 。结合常识和语境可推知，此处 "this trap" 指的是种族偏见，故选A。
19．问题：Ethan Mollick 对 Gemini 的早期发布有何看法？根据"nadequate testing may be partly to
blame. Google lags behind OpenAI, maker of the better-known ChatGPT As it races to catch
up, Google may have cut corners. Other chatbots have had controversial launches. Releasing
chatbots and letting users uncover odd behaviours, which can be swiftly patched, lets firms move faster, provided they are prepared to weather the potential risks and bad publicity, observes Ethan Mollick, a professor at Wharton Business School" 测试不足可能是部分原因。Google 落后于 OpenAI，OpenAI 是更知名的 ChatGPT 的制作者。为了在竞赛中赶上，Google 可能采取了权宜之计。其他聊天机器人也有过备受争议的发布。发布聊天机器人并让用户发现奇怪的行为，然后迅速修复这些行为，可以让公司更快地前进，前提是他们愿意承受潜在的风险和不良公关的影响，观察人士Ethan Mollick，沃顿商学院的一位教授表示。可推知，Ethan Mollick热门为Gemini 的早期发布是备受争议的，故选C。
20．问题：从最后一段中，我们可以推断出关于 Google 的什么信息？根据This raises questions about
Google's culture. Is the firm so financially secure, with vast profits from internet advertising, that it feels free to try its hand at social engineering Do some employees think it has not just an opportunity, but an obligation, to use its reach and power to promote a particular agenda That risks deterring users and provoking a political and regulatory backlash. All eyes are now on Google's boss, Sundar Pichai. He says Gemini is being fixed. But does Google need fixing too " 这引发了关于 Google 文化的问题。这家公司在互联网广告领域拥有巨额利润，财务上如此稳固，以至于它觉得可以自由尝试社会工程吗？是否有些员工认为，公司不仅有机会，而且有义务利用其影响力和权力来推广特定的议程？这有可能吓退用户，并引发政治和监管层面的反弹。现在，所有人的目光都聚焦在 Google 的老板 Sundar Pichai 身上。他表示，Gemini 正在被修复。但是，Google 是否也需要修复呢？可推知，Google需要进一步的改进，故选B。
【答案】21．A
22．C
23．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是对一些常见的饮食相关的说法进行了分析和解释，以帮助人们更好地理解和选择饮食。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段"If it comes from a land-based animal, and is likely to be solid at room temperature, then it is saturated (饱和的) fat whereas if it comes from fish or plants, and it is likely to be liquid at room temperature, then it is unsaturated fat. All the evidence indicates that eating more unsaturated fat than saturated fat lowers your risk of dying early.(如果它来自陆生动物，在室温下很可能是固体，那么它就是饱和脂肪；如果它来自鱼类或植物，在室温下很可能是液体，那么它就是不饱和脂肪。所有证据都表明，摄入更多的不饱和脂肪比摄入更多的饱和脂肪能降低早逝的风险)"可知，鱼类和植物中含有更健康的脂肪。故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Simple foods are not necessarily healthier for you. If I, for instance, use Chinese five spice powder in a recipe, that would count as one of the five ingredients. However, what if I added the typical components of five spice powder separately into a dish Does that mean my recipe suddenly becomes bad because it has more than five ingredients (简单的食物不一定对你更健康。例如，如果我在菜谱中使用了中国的五香粉，它就会被算作五种配料之一。然而，如果我把五种香料粉的典型成分分别加入到一道菜中呢？这是否意味着我的食谱突然变坏了，因为它含有超过五种原料？)"可推知，含有更多佐料的食物可能也一样健康，故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据文章主要讲了一些关于饮食的常见误解，如脂肪的好坏、天然糖是否更好、高pH值水是否更好、以及佐料多的食物是否不好，目的是提醒人们注意这些饮食方面的误解，故选D。
【答案】24．C
25．B
26．A
27．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者学习中国书法的经历和感悟，包括初次接触书法时的情景，名字的由来，在美国放弃中文名，回到香港学习书法的原因，老师对自己的评价，以及通过书法对自身的思考和认识等。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段"My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, "old", "barley (薏米)" and "warm".( 我的父母是华裔，所以他们请算命先生给我取名字，希望能给我带来最大的好运。于是，我给自己取了一个毫无意义又尴尬的名字：陈薏温，意思大致是"陈旧"、"薏米"、"温暖")"可知， 作者认为自己的名字"Chen Yi wen"是无意义且令人尴尬的，虽然父母是为了追求最大的运气才取这个名字，但她还是不喜欢。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段"When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage I thought.(当我在美国生活了14年后，于2021年搬到香港时，我决定学习书法。为什么不跟我的传统联系一下呢？我想)"可知，作者决定学习书法是为了重新接触自己的文化根源。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段"During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: "This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours." He might as well have said, "This word is you."(在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的字对我说："这个字好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的心流。相信自己。这个词是你的。"他还不如说："这个字就是你。")"可推知，从老师的话中，作者了解到书法反映了创作者的精神。故选A。
27．推理判断题。推理判断题。根据最后一段"During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: "This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours." He might as well have said, "This word is you."(在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的字对我说："这个字好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的心流。相信自己。这个词是你的。"他还不如说："这个字就是你。")"可知，书法反映了创作者的精神。由此推知，作者想告诉我们，我们就是我们所创造的一切的总和。故选D。
【答案】28．D
29．B
30．A
31．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；日常生活类；议论文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲心理学教授BrianNosek提出"假定自己是错的"这一建议用于追求更好的科学，文章围绕该建议展开，论述其背景、面临的挑战及担忧，作者虽对这一假说存疑，但喜欢该建议，希望借助科学社区和方法工具，共同减少错误。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及推理判断题和词义猜测题两种题型。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。
28．推理判断题。根据第三段的"But methodological reform hasn't come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life's work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.(但方法改革并非没有一些烦恼和摩擦。方法论改革家说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人善于以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。所以，挑战的一部分是弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，这样它就会成为这个过程中受欢迎的、完整的一部分，而不是令人尴尬的杂耍)"可知，方法上的改革面临一些挑战，其中之一就是要弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，使其成为过程中受欢迎和整合的一部分，这说明科学社区应该实践批判性自我反思。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段"Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares.(相反，从假设你是错的开始，批评更容易被解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议——你的批评者可能也有同样的目标)"及第五段的"Without an appreciation for how science works, it's easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.(如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志，而事实上，它们恰恰反映了科学的一些特征，正是这些特征使科学成为我们得出关于世界的可靠结论的最佳途径。科学是可靠的，因为它对证据作出反应：随着证据数量和质量的提高，我们的理论也可以而且应该改变) "可知，"假定自己是错的"这种策略有助于科学家寻找更多的证据，提高了潜在研究结果的可靠性。故选B。
30．词义猜测题。根据第五段的"One worry about this approach is that it could bedemoralizingfor scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it's easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science.(对这种方法的一个担忧是，它可能会使科学家……。努力少犯错误的动机可能不如承诺正确的动机有效。另一个担忧是，在科学领域行之有效的策略在与公众交流科学时可能会适得其反。如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志)"可知，在科学领域，追求完全正确往往是一个理想化的目标，因为实现这个目标可能是困难的，甚至是不可能的。相比之下，追求变得"不那么错误"可能更为现实和可行。这种方法鼓励科学家不断学习和改进，接受在研究过程中会犯错的可能性，从而更好地理解和解决问题。虽然这种方法可能会减轻一些压力，但也可能会在一定程度上降低科学家的动机和信心，因为他们可能会觉得自己永远无法达到完美的正确性。因此，"假定自己是错的"这种策略可能会让科学家感到士气低落。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Despite these worries, I like Nosek's suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we're all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.(尽管存在这些担忧，但我喜欢诺塞克的建议，因为它建立了认知上的谦卑，以及我们可以做得更好的感觉。它还建立了一种社区意识——当我们做错事的时候，我们都在同一条船上)"及最后一段的"Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don't know if that's true. In fact, I should probably assume that it's wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.(不幸的是，这仍然给我们留下了一个未经检验的假设：假设一个人是错的可以改变社会规范，并最终支持更好的科学，甚至可能是更好的生活决策。我不知道这是不是真的。事实上，我应该假设这是错的。但是有了科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能一起减少错误)"可知，作者用幽默的语调一方面承认自己不确定这个假说是否正确，另一方面又对其抱有希望。由此推知，作者在谈论这个未经检验的假设时使用的语气是反思和幽默的。故选D。
【答案】32．C
33．B
34．B
35．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是个人主义，个人主义有什么特点。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. (那些有幸观看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一个相当普通的人，戴着无框眼镜，穿着保守的西装;但他们也看到了一个能演奏单簧管的人，在这之前和之后都没有人能做到。这使本尼·古德曼成为一个独特的个体。)"可知，作者提到本尼·古德曼的外表与他在音乐表演方面的天赋形成对比。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第四段"The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn't work and make it work—these people are the very soul of capitalism. (个性的全部目的就是追求卓越。那些发明创造，即兴发挥，比别人更了解一个主题，并采取无效的东西，并使其发挥作用的人-这些人是资本主义的灵魂。)"可知，作者可能同意个人主义的本质在于追求卓越。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据文章第五段"Charles Kettering didn't like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one's capacity. (查尔斯·凯特林不喜欢用曲棍发动汽车，所以他发明了电动启动器。亨利·福特发明了装配线技术，使大规模生产汽车成为可能，而电梯的发明者伊莱沙·奥蒂斯间接地创造了城市的天际线。这些人明白，个人主义意味着尽自己最大的努力工作。)"可知，一个符合大众观点保持大量追随者的社交媒体影响者不能真正体现个人主义的本质。故选B。
35．推理判断题。根据文章第一段"Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. (那些有幸观看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一个相当普通的人，戴着无框眼镜，穿着保守的西装;但他们也看到了一个能演奏单簧管的人，在这之前和之后都没有人能做到。这使本尼·古德曼成为一个独特的个体。)"和第三段"It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head. (比别人做得更好让我们与众不同。然而，令人惊讶的是，仍有相当多的人认为个性只是表面现象。他们穿着花哨的衣服，把头发染成奇怪的颜色，用纹身装饰自己的皮肤，以表达某种社会声明。但是一个把头发染成紫色或橙色的普通人只不过是一个长着滑稽脑袋的人。)"可知，本文主要采用比较和对比的方式进行组织。故选D。
【答案】36．B；37．D；38．E；39．G；40．C
【知识点】七选五；文学艺术类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了艺术给人们带来的启示和影响。当人们第一次见到一件艺术作品时，我们的经历和感情或许会和它发生链接，从而影响或改变我们的想法，提高思想境界，但是这是如何发生的呢？文章就这个问题进行了讨论。
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。七选五解题的一些实用技巧如下。第一，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨。在开始解题前，快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容和主题，有助于更好地理解和判断每个选项的合适性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是对整段的概括或引入，而段尾句则常常是对该段的总结或结论。因此，关注这些句子有助于我们快速了解段落的主旨，从而更好地选择答案。第三，利用上下文语境和逻辑关系进行推断。在选择答案时，要仔细阅读上下文，寻找与选项相关的线索和信息，如关联词、同义词、反义词等。同时，也要根据逻辑关系进行推断，如因果、转折、并列等，从而确定正确答案。第四，排除法也是一种有效的解题方法。当面对多个选项时，可以先排除与文章主旨或上下文不符的选项，然后再根据剩余选项的内容进行比较和选择。
36．下文"It contributes to facilitating a better understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts. (它有助于促进更好地了解我们自己，人类的条件，道德和精神观念)"开头出现一个代词it，说明它指代的内容出现在设空处；结合下文"The question is how that happens — what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art (问题是这是如何发生的——有意义的艺术体验的属性是什么？)"可知本段阐述了艺术在认知方面的价值：有助于促进更好地了解我们自己，人类的状况，道德和精神观念；B选项"The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art.(审美认知主义理论描述了艺术的价值)"起到引领下文的作用，符合语境；下文中的"It"指代选项中的"art"，下文中的"understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts"属于"认知主义(cognitivism)"范畴的内容。故选B。
37．上文"Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large.(艺术家的目标是表达关于人类状况或整个世界的想法和信息。) "说明艺术家的目标是表达关于人类状况或整个世界的想法和信息；D选项"To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work.(为了做到这一点，他们探索关键的想法，并在工作发展过程中不断扩展这些想法)"承接上文，阐述了艺术家表达关于人类状况或整个世界的想法和信息的途径；下文"This results in the build-up of layers of materials—from initial studies and sketches to the final, refined piece. (这促成了材料层的积累——从最初的研究和草图到最终的精致作品。)"承接D选项，指出探索并不断扩展关键的想法促成了材料层的积累，下文中的"This"指代选项中的"explore key ideas and continually expand them"；由此可知，D选项符合语境。故选D。
38．根据上文"Their interaction first involves the processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the finishing touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. (他们的互动首先涉及到处理表面特征，如颜色、纹理，以及艺术家在创作过程的最后阶段所应用的收尾工作)"可知，观众和艺术家的互动分为两个阶段，开始是欣赏表象内容，比如颜色，纹理等，接下来表达的意思应该就是深入了解一段时间后，观众可以理解艺术背后的观念，E选项"After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist.(在花更多的时间欣赏作品后，观众开始了解艺术家的想法。)"符合题意，故选E。
39．根据上文"Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. (耶鲁大学一个实验室的研究表明，利用艺术欣赏活动的教育项目可以培养创造性思维能力)"可知，耶鲁大学开展的一个研究项目表明使用了艺术欣赏活动的教育项目可以培养创造性思维能力；G选项"Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program.(与没有参加该项目的人相比，参与者的想法更有独创性)"承接上文，继续阐述这项研究发现艺术欣赏活动有助于培养创造性思维能力；选项中"the program"指代前文中的"an educational program"，"original in their thinking"与上文"creative thinking skills"表达意思一致。故选G。
40．上文"Art has the potential to communicate across space and time.(艺术具有跨越时空交流的潜力。)"指出艺术具有跨越时空交流的潜力；C选项"This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen.(这有助于建立其他方式不会发生的联系和见解。)"承接上文，说明艺术跨越时空交流的潜力有助于建立联系和了解，这是其他方式无法达到的。选项中的"This"指代上文"the potential to communicate across space and time"。故选C。
【答案】41．D；42．B；43．A；44．C；45．B；46．D；47．A；48．D；49．C；50．A；51．B；52．D；53．C；54．A；55．C
【知识点】名词辨析；动词的词义辨析；动词短语的辨析；说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统上认为抛硬币是一种具有随机性的行为，但自18世纪以来，数学家就怀疑即使是均匀的硬币，朝一面的概率会略高于朝另一面。近期Franti ek Barto 通过招募志愿者进行大规模抛硬币实验，发现硬币落地时同一面朝上的概率为50.8%，证明了存在微小的偏差，为此前的理论计算提供了实验证据。
【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空是英语考试中常见的一种题型，旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题（一）英语试卷
一、第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（2024·模拟）How might the woman feel
A．Uneasy. B．Disappointed. C．Unconcerned.
【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: We are trying to start a club.
M: How is it going
W: We were hoping for at least fifteen people, but only two signed up.
【分析】问题：女发言人可能会有什么感受？根据"We were hoping for at least fifteen people,
but only two signed up." 我们原本希望至少有十五个人参加，但只报名了两个人。可推知，女发言人可能会觉得失望，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意留意转折信息，转折信息往往对话中的重要内容，因为它们可能改变句子的意思或引入新的信息。因此，在听录音时，要注意听清转折词，如"but"、"however"等，以便准确理解对话的含义。
2．（2024·模拟）What does the man think of the party
A．He doesn't like the party.
B．He hates to prepare for the party.
C．It is worthwhile to prepare for the party.
【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I'm really looking forward to the party. But it's all the hard work you have to do before that I don't enjoy.
W: Oh, it's fine. It gives us the chance to get the house nice and tidy.
【分析】问题：男发言人觉得聚会怎么样？根据"I'm really looking forward to the party. But it's
all the hard work you have to do before that I don't enjoy." 我真的很期待这个聚会。但是，聚会之前所有要做的准备工作我都不喜欢。 可推知，男发言人不喜欢为聚会而做准备，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意理解言外之意，有时，对话中的言外之意比字面意思更重要。因此，在听录音时，要注意理解说话者的隐含意图和言外之意，以便更准确地回答问题。
3．（2024·模拟）What are the speakers mainly discussing
A．How customers could be best served.
B．What kind of stores can offer lower prices.
C．Whether online stores will replace high-street stores.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I think online shopping will replace going out to shops. Online stores can offer much lower prices than the high-street stores.
W: I doubt it. I think we'll always want to touch some things physically and see them before we buy them.
【分析】问题：两位发言人主要在讨论什么？根据" I think online shopping will replace going out to shops. " 我认为网上购物将取代去实体店购物。 ；以及"I doubt it. I think we'll always
want to touch some things physically and see them before we buy them." 我对此表示怀疑。我认为我们总是想要亲自触摸一些东西，看看它们再买。 可推知，两位发言人主要在讨论网上商店是否会取代实体店铺，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意理解对话逻辑，听力短对话通常具有一定的逻辑结构，考生需要通过理解对话的逻辑来把握整体内容。要注意对话者之间的关系、对话的目的和背景等信息，以便更好地理解对话内容。
4．（2024·模拟）What does the man mean
A．A cold drink can be relaxing.
B．Scott and Tina like to play jokes on each other.
C．Humor can be helpful in embarrassing situations.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: With Scott and Tina both up for the same job, I feel nervous when they're in the same room.
M: I just try to act normally, like tell them a joke or something. That usually breaks the ice.
【分析】问题：男发言人的意思是什么？根据"I just try to act normally, like tell them a joke or
something. That usually breaks the ice."我只是尽量表现得正常一些，比如给他们讲个笑话之类的。这通常能打破僵局。可推知，男发言人的意思是幽默在尴尬的情况下可能很有帮助，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意理解言外之意，有时，对话中的言外之意比字面意思更重要。因此，在听录音时，要注意理解说话者的隐含意图和言外之意，以便更准确地回答问题。
5．（2024·模拟）What does the woman ask the man to do
A．Bring a gift. B．Return something. C．Have dinner.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: It's really nice of you to cook for me tonight.
W: I'm glad to do it. You've been so helpful, and it's only fair that I return the favour. I hope you've brought your appetite.
【分析】问题：女发言人让男发言人做什么？根据"I hope you've brought your appetite. "我希望你食欲大开。可推知，女发言人让男发言人吃晚饭，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意语气和语调，语气和语调可以传达说话者的情感和态度，有助于我们更好地理解对话的言外之意。在听录音时，要注意捕捉说话者的语气和语调变化，从而更全面地理解对话内容。
二、第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有10秒钟的时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
（2024·模拟）听材料，回答问题。
6．What do we know about Mr Bannister
A．He is new to the company.
B．He works on the trade deal.
C．He is not experienced enough.
7．Who do the speakers think is suitable for the position
A．Mr Duncan. B．Mrs Templeton. C．Amelia.
【答案】6．C
7．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: There are many candidates for this promotion. In my opinion, Mr Bannister has proven himself to the company, but he doesn't have much experience.
M: I agree with you, Amelia, but we shouldn't ignore Mrs Templeton. She really helped us a lot with the trade deal last year.
W: I didn't think about that. You're right. We should go with her, as she's been with us longer.
M: Let's inform Mr Duncan that we've reached a decision.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕晋升候选人人选一事展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意转折与连接词，转折和连接词在听力长对话中扮演着重要的角色。它们不仅能够帮助考生理解对话的逻辑结构，还能提示重要信息的出现。因此，考生在听录音时，要特别注意这些词汇，以便更好地把握对话的整体意义。
6．问题：关于班尼斯特先生，我们知道什么？根据" In my opinion, Mr Bannister has proven himself
to the company, but he doesn't have much experience."在我看来，班尼斯特先生已经向公司证明了自己，但他没有太多经验。可推知，班尼斯特先生没有太多经验，故选C。
7．问题：发言人认为谁适合这个职位？根据"I agree with you, Amelia, but we shouldn't ignore
Mrs Templeton." 阿米莉亚，我同意你的看法，但我们也不应该忽视坦普尔顿夫人 ；以及"I didn't
think about that. You're right. We should go with her, as she's been with us longer." 我没想到这点。你说得对。我们应该选她，因为她在我们这里工作的时间更长。 可推知，发言人认为坦普尔顿夫人适合这个职位，故选B。
（2024·模拟）听材料，回答问题。
8．Where are the speakers probably
A．On a game show. B．In a spaceship. C．In a bank.
9．Who was the first woman in space
A．Anna Edison.
B．SallyK. Ride.
C．Valentina Tereshkova.
【答案】8．A
9．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: So, Anna, if you answer this question correctly, we'll put $1 million in your bank account today. Are you ready
W: Yes. Please go ahead.
M: Well, here's the question. Who was the first woman to go into space
W: The answer is American astronaut Sally K. Ride.
M: Oh, Anna, I'm afraid that's incorrect.
W: I'm sorry, I just remembered Valentina Tereshkova.
M: Yes, the Russian. I'm afraid I need to take your first answer. But you still walk away with $250,000. Ladies and gentlemen, a round of applause for Anna Edison.
W: Thank you.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕一场比赛节目中关于进入太空的第一位女性这一话题展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意理解对话逻辑。听力长对话通常具有一定的逻辑结构，考生需要通过理解对话的逻辑来把握整体内容。要注意对话者之间的关系、对话的目的和背景等信息，以便更好地理解对话内容。注意排除干扰选项，在听力长对话中，干扰选项是常见的。考生要学会根据对话内容和题目要求排除这些干扰项，以便更准确地找到正确答案。在排除干扰项时，要注意对比各选项之间的差异和联系，找出与对话内容最符合的选项。
8．问题：两位发言人可能在哪里？根据"So, Anna, if you answer this question correctly,we'll put
$1 million in your bank account today. Are you ready " 那么，安娜，如果你正确回答了这个问题，我们今天就会往你的银行账户里存入100万美元。你准备好了吗？ ；以及"Yes. Please go ahead."好的，请继续。；以及"Ladies and gentlemen, a round of applause for Anna Edison."女士们，先生们，请为安娜·爱迪生（Anna Edison）热烈鼓掌。可推知，此处为一场比赛节目，故选A。
9．问题：进入太空的第一位女性是谁？根据"The answer is American astronaut Sally K. Ride." 答案是美国宇航员萨莉·K·莱德（Sally K. Ride）。 ；以及"Oh, Anna, I'm afraid that's incorrect."哦，安娜，恐怕这是不正确的。；以及"I'm sorry, I just remembered Valentina Tereshkova." 抱歉，我刚想起了瓦莲京娜·捷列什科娃。 ；以及"Yes, the Russian. "是的，那个俄罗斯人。可推知，俄罗斯人瓦莲京娜·捷列什科娃是进入太空的第一位女性，故选C。
（2024·模拟）听材料，回答问题。
10．Why are the two speakers upset
A．It may snow during their vacation.
B．They may not be able to take their vacation.
C．They may fail to join the graduation ceremony.
11．Why can we learn about their vacation
A．They are going skiing.
B．They have made bookings for their plane.
C．Their flight has been cancelled.
12．What made them miss so many classes
A．The earthquake. B．The bad winter. C．A terrible flu.
13．What are they going to do right now
A．Talk to Professor Hampton.
B．Speak to all of the other people.
C．Call the travel agency.
【答案】10．B
11．B
12．B
13．A
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Cindy! Have you heard the news
W: No, Steve. What do you mean
M: You know all the classes we've missed because of the snow We're going to have to make them up and it will have to be during the spring break.
W: Oh, no! We have our vacation all set! What are we going to do Do the others know that
M: I don't know but I certainly can't afford to miss five days of classes this term.
W: But I really don't want to cancel our trip. All of us have already booked our plane tickets!
M: I can try to call the travel agency; maybe they can return our money. But before we do anything we need to speak with our professors.
W: You think they'll excuse us from class
M: I don't know. But I think we're going to have to speak to all of them anyway.
W: Why didn't they add extra days at the end of the term before summer classes
M: Because of the graduation date, which can't be changed!
W: Are other colleges around here doing the same thing
M: I would imagine so! It has been such a bad winter and we've missed too many classes. We really need to make them up.
W: I know, I know. I was just really looking forward to this vacation. The idea of the sun and the beach!
M: Oh, look, there's Professor Hampton right now!
W: Come on, let's go and talk to him.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕两位发言人因为糟糕的冬天不能正常度过假期一事展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意注意语气和语调，语气和语调可以传达说话者的情感和态度，有助于我们更好地理解对话的言外之意。在听录音时，要注意捕捉说话者的语气和语调变化，从而更全面地理解对话内容。注意快速记录要点，在听录音时，可以用简洁的方式快速记录要点，如关键词、数字、人名等。这样可以在回答问题时迅速回忆起相关信息，提高答题准确性。注意理解言外之意，有时，对话中的言外之意比字面意思更重要。因此，在听录音时，要注意理解说话者的隐含意图和言外之意，以便更准确地回答问题。
10．问题：两位发言人为什么感到沮丧？根据"You know all the classes we've missed because of the
snow We're going to have to make them up and it will have to be during the spring break." 你知道我们因为下雪而错过的所有课程吗？我们将不得不补课，而且必须在春假期间进行。；以及" Oh, no! We have our vacation all set!" 哦，不！我们的假期都安排好了！ 可推知，两位发言人感到沮丧的原因是他们可能无法去度假了，故选B。
11．问题：我们为什么能了解到他们的假期情况？根据"But I really don't want to cancel our trip. All of
us have already booked our plane tickets!" 但我真的不想取消我们的旅行。我们都已经预订了机票！ 可推知，他们已经已经预订了机票，故选B。
12．问题：是什么让他们错过了这么多课程？根据"It has been such a bad winter and we've missed
too many classes. " 这个冬天太糟糕了，我们错过了太多的课。可推知，糟糕的冬天让他们错过了这么多课程，故选B。
13．问题：他们马上要做什么？根据"Oh, look, there's Professor Hampton right now!" 哦，看，现在汉普顿教授就在那里！ ；以及"Come on, let's go and talk to him." 来吧，我们去和他谈谈。 可推知，他们马上要去和汉普顿教授交谈，故选A。
（2024·模拟）听材料，回答问题。
14．How many nights is the man going to stay at the hotel
A．One night. B．Two nights. C．Four nights.
15．What time is it now
A．6:30 pm. B．10:00 pm. C．10:45 pm.
16．What is on the 14th floor
A．A gym. B．A restaurant. C．A swimming pool.
17．What does the woman tell the man about breakfast in the end
A．How good it is.
B．How much to pay for it.
C．Where and how long it is.
【答案】14．A
15．C
16．A
17．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Good evening. Do you have any rooms available at the moment
W: Yes, we do. How many nights do you want to stay
M: Four, if it's possible.
W: Okay, let me see... I'm sorry, sir. I'm afraid we can only give you a room for two nights. It's a very busy period right now. We're almost fully booked these days.
M: All right. I'll just stay for tonight, then. It's too late to go to other hotels now. I'll search for another one tomorrow.
W: That's an excellent idea, sir. And thank you for your understanding. So, a single room for one night. Here is your key card, and your room is on the 7th floor.
M: Thanks. By the way, is there a swimming pool in the hotel
W: Yes, there is. It's on the 15th floor. But it closes at 10:00 pm., so it was closed 45 minutes ago already.
M: That's too bad.
W: We do have a gym that opens 24 hours. It's on the 14th floor.
M: Great! Thanks for letting me know.
W: You're welcome, sir. Oh, before I forget, breakfast is served on the 2nd floor from 6:30 to 10:00 in the morning.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕一次酒店入住场景在顾客与酒店服务人员之间展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意识别重复和强调，在对话中，重复和强调往往是对话者想要传达的重要信息。考生要注意识别这些表达方式，并重点关注这些信息。同时，也要注意对话者的语气和语调变化，它们也可以帮助考生识别重要信息。注意理解对话逻辑，听力长对话通常具有一定的逻辑结构，考生需要通过理解对话的逻辑来把握整体内容。要注意对话者之间的关系、对话的目的和背景等信息，以便更好地理解对话内容。注意排除干扰选项，在听力长对话中，干扰选项是常见的。考生要学会根据对话内容和题目要求排除这些干扰项，以便更准确地找到正确答案。在排除干扰项时，要注意对比各选项之间的差异和联系，找出与对话内容最符合的选项。
14．问题：男发言人打算在酒店住几晚？根据"All right. I'll just stay for tonight, then." 好的。那我就只住今晚了。 可推知，男发言人打算在酒店住一晚，故选A。
15．问题： 现在几点了？ 根据"But it closes at 10:00 pm., so it was closed 45 minutes ago already." 但是它在晚上10点关闭，所以它在45分钟前就已经关闭了。 可推知，现在是10点45分，故选C。
16．问题：第十四层楼有什么？根据"We do have a gym that opens 24 hours. It's on the 14th floor." 我们确实有一个24小时开放的健身房。它在14楼。 可推知，第十四层楼有健身房，故选A。
17．问题：最后，女发言人告诉男发言人关于早餐的什么事情？根据"Oh, before I forget, breakfast is
served on the 2nd floor from 6:30 to 10:00 in the morning." 哦，在我忘记之前，早餐在二楼供应，时间是早上6:30到10:00。 可推知，最后，女发言人告诉男发言人关于早餐的用餐地点和时长，故选C。
（2024·模拟）听材料，回答问题。
18．What do the words "this trap" in the first paragraph refer to
A．Having a racial bias.
B．Responding to wrong texts.
C．Criticizing political figures.
19．What does Ethan Mollick think of Gemini's early launch
A．Creative. B．Promising. C．Controversial.
20．What can we infer about Google from the last paragraph
A．Its employees are irresponsible.
B．It needs further improvement.
C．Its security is doubted.
【答案】18．A
19．C
20．B
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】Users of Google Gemini, the tech giant's artificial-intelligence model, recently noticed that asking it to create images of Vikings, German soldiers from 1943 or America's Founding Fathers produced surprising results: hardly any of the people depicted were white. Gemini had been programmed to show a range of ethnicities. Other image-generation tools have been criticised because they tend to show white men when
asked for images of entrepreneurs or doctors. Google wanted Gemini to avoid this trap; instead, it fell into another one, depicting George Washington as black and the pope as an Asian
woman.
Some observers likened Gemini's ahistorical diversity to "Hamilton" or "Bridgerton". It seemed that Google had merely made a well-meaning mistake. But it was a gift to the tech industry's right-wing critics. On February 22nd Google said it would halt the generation of images of people while it rejigged Gemini. But by then attention had moved on to the chatbot's text responses, which turned out to be just as surprising.
Gemini happily provided arguments in favour of affirmative action in higher education, but refused to provide arguments against. It declined to write a job ad for a fossil-fuel lobby group, because fossil fuels are bad and lobby groups prioritise "the interests of corporations over public well-being". Asked if Hamas is a terrorist organisation, it replied that the conflict in Gaza is "complex"; asked if Elon Musk's tweeting of memes had done more harm than Hitler, it said it was "difficult to say". You do not have to be Ben Shapiro to discern a progressive bias.
Inadequate testing may be partly to blame. Google lags behind OpenAI, maker of the better-known ChatGPT As it races to catch up, Google may have cut corners. Other chatbots have had controversial launches. Releasing chatbots and letting users uncover odd behaviours, which can be swiftly patched, lets firms move faster, provided they are prepared to weather the potential risks and bad publicity, observes Ethan Mollick, a professor at Wharton Business School.
But Gemini has clearly been deliberately calibrated, or "fine-tuned", to produce these responses; they are not "hallucinations", where a model makes things up. This raises questions about Google's culture. Is the firm so financially secure, with vast profits from internet advertising, that it feels free to try its hand at social engineering Do some employees think it has not just an opportunity, but an obligation, to use its reach and power to promote a particular agenda That risks deterring users and provoking a political and regulatory backlash. All eyes are now on Google's boss, Sundar Pichai. He says Gemini is being fixed. But does Google need fixing too
【分析】本段独白主要讲述了Google公司所面临的一系列问题以及亟需改进之处。
【点评】考查独白理解。注意借助上下文推测信息，在听力独白中，有些信息可能并不直接给出，但考生可以通过上下文进行推测。例如，根据前文提到的内容或语境，可以推断出某些未明确表述的信息或意图。注意问题排列与顺序，在回答问题时，要注意问题的排列和顺序。通常，问题的顺序与录音内容的顺序相匹配。因此，考生可以按照问题的顺序，依次寻找答案，避免遗漏或混淆。注意逻辑分析与推理，听力独白往往需要考生进行一定的逻辑分析和推理。考生需要根据听到的内容，结合已有的知识和经验，进行综合分析，从而得出正确的答案。注意保持良好心态与自信，面对听力独白这种题型，保持良好的心态和自信至关重要。考生要相信自己的能力和准备，不要因为某个难题而影响整个考试的发挥。同时，要学会调整心态，遇到困难时保持冷静和积极应对。
18．问题： 第一段中的" this trap "指的是什么？根据"Gemini had been programmed to show a
range of ethnicities. Other image-generation tools have been criticised because they tend
to show white men when asked for images of entrepreneurs or doctors. Google wanted
Gemini to avoid this trap; " Gemini 被编程以展示不同种族的人。其他图像生成工具受到批评，因为当要求它们生成企业家或医生的图像时，它们往往展示白人男性。Google 希望 Gemini 能够避免这个陷阱 。结合常识和语境可推知，此处 "this trap" 指的是种族偏见，故选A。
19．问题：Ethan Mollick 对 Gemini 的早期发布有何看法？根据"nadequate testing may be partly to
blame. Google lags behind OpenAI, maker of the better-known ChatGPT As it races to catch
up, Google may have cut corners. Other chatbots have had controversial launches. Releasing
chatbots and letting users uncover odd behaviours, which can be swiftly patched, lets firms move faster, provided they are prepared to weather the potential risks and bad publicity, observes Ethan Mollick, a professor at Wharton Business School" 测试不足可能是部分原因。Google 落后于 OpenAI，OpenAI 是更知名的 ChatGPT 的制作者。为了在竞赛中赶上，Google 可能采取了权宜之计。其他聊天机器人也有过备受争议的发布。发布聊天机器人并让用户发现奇怪的行为，然后迅速修复这些行为，可以让公司更快地前进，前提是他们愿意承受潜在的风险和不良公关的影响，观察人士Ethan Mollick，沃顿商学院的一位教授表示。可推知，Ethan Mollick热门为Gemini 的早期发布是备受争议的，故选C。
20．问题：从最后一段中，我们可以推断出关于 Google 的什么信息？根据This raises questions about
Google's culture. Is the firm so financially secure, with vast profits from internet advertising, that it feels free to try its hand at social engineering Do some employees think it has not just an opportunity, but an obligation, to use its reach and power to promote a particular agenda That risks deterring users and provoking a political and regulatory backlash. All eyes are now on Google's boss, Sundar Pichai. He says Gemini is being fixed. But does Google need fixing too " 这引发了关于 Google 文化的问题。这家公司在互联网广告领域拥有巨额利润，财务上如此稳固，以至于它觉得可以自由尝试社会工程吗？是否有些员工认为，公司不仅有机会，而且有义务利用其影响力和权力来推广特定的议程？这有可能吓退用户，并引发政治和监管层面的反弹。现在，所有人的目光都聚焦在 Google 的老板 Sundar Pichai 身上。他表示，Gemini 正在被修复。但是，Google 是否也需要修复呢？可推知，Google需要进一步的改进，故选B。
三、第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2024·模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
With all the dietary information online, it can be hard to know what tips to follow. Watch out for these words and expressions.
Fat Is Good
It doesn't matter if you are part of the fat is GOOD for you or BAD for you group, the important question to ask is the source of the fat. If it comes from a land-based animal, and is likely to be solid at room temperature, then it is saturated （饱和的） fat whereas if it comes from fish or plants, and it is likely to be liquid at room temperature, then it is unsaturated fat. All the evidence indicates that eating more unsaturated fat than saturated fat lowers your risk of dying early.
Natural Sugar Is Better
The vast majority of sugar we consume is sucrose （蔗糖）. It is the white powdered stuff we cook with and is made up of glucose and fructose. How about sugar from honey It is often marketed as natural and better for you. Actually, it just has its own distinct flavour, but is as sweet because of glucose and fructose.
High-pH Water
Some people think we need to eat alkali （碱） food to maintain our blood at a pH of 7.4. But everything we eat or drink passes through the stomach, which, at a pH of 1.5, is the most acidic part of the body. It is then neutralised to a pH of 7. So, nothing we eat will change the pH of our blood.
Don't Eat Anything That You Can't Pronounce
Whether foods are natural or highly processed, they are all full of chemicals. Are you supposed to fear "phenylthiocarbamide", because you can't pronounce it This is simply the chemical responsible for the bitter taste found in brassicas, the plants in the cabbage and mustard family.
Don't Eat Food With More Than Five Ingredients（佐料）
Simple foods are not necessarily healthier for you. If I, for instance, use Chinese five spice powder in a recipe, that would count as one of the five ingredients. However, what if I added the typical components of five spice powder separately into a dish Does that mean my recipe suddenly becomes bad because it has more than five ingredients
21．According to the passage, healthier fat ____.
A．can be found in fish and plants
B．comes from land-based animals
C．remains solid at room temperature
D．can lower the death rate of elders
22．The passage suggests that ____.
A．diets can help adjust the pH of our blood
B．honey sugar can do more good than sucrose
C．foods with more ingredients may be as healthy
D．chemicals we can recognize are safer to take in
23．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To compare tips on food choices.
B．To introduce different health concepts.
C．To recommend fitness recipes to readers.
D．To warn us of some dietary misunderstandings.
【答案】21．A
22．C
23．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是对一些常见的饮食相关的说法进行了分析和解释，以帮助人们更好地理解和选择饮食。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段"If it comes from a land-based animal, and is likely to be solid at room temperature, then it is saturated (饱和的) fat whereas if it comes from fish or plants, and it is likely to be liquid at room temperature, then it is unsaturated fat. All the evidence indicates that eating more unsaturated fat than saturated fat lowers your risk of dying early.(如果它来自陆生动物，在室温下很可能是固体，那么它就是饱和脂肪；如果它来自鱼类或植物，在室温下很可能是液体，那么它就是不饱和脂肪。所有证据都表明，摄入更多的不饱和脂肪比摄入更多的饱和脂肪能降低早逝的风险)"可知，鱼类和植物中含有更健康的脂肪。故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Simple foods are not necessarily healthier for you. If I, for instance, use Chinese five spice powder in a recipe, that would count as one of the five ingredients. However, what if I added the typical components of five spice powder separately into a dish Does that mean my recipe suddenly becomes bad because it has more than five ingredients (简单的食物不一定对你更健康。例如，如果我在菜谱中使用了中国的五香粉，它就会被算作五种配料之一。然而，如果我把五种香料粉的典型成分分别加入到一道菜中呢？这是否意味着我的食谱突然变坏了，因为它含有超过五种原料？)"可推知，含有更多佐料的食物可能也一样健康，故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据文章主要讲了一些关于饮食的常见误解，如脂肪的好坏、天然糖是否更好、高pH值水是否更好、以及佐料多的食物是否不好，目的是提醒人们注意这些饮食方面的误解，故选D。
（2024·模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher told me plainly: "Now I will teach you how to write your name. And to make it beautiful." I felt my breath catch. I was curious.
Growing up in Singapore, I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, "old", "barley （薏米） "and "warm".
When I arrived in America for college at 18, I put on an American accent and abandoned my Chinese name. When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage I thought.
In calligraphy, the idea is to copy the old masters' techniques, thereby refining your own. Every week, though, my teacher would give uncomfortably on-the-nose assessments of my person. "You need to be braver," he once observed. "Have confidence. Try to produce a bold stroke （笔画）." For years, I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence, but my writing betrayed me.
I was trying to make sense of this practice. You must visualize the word as it is to be written and leave a trace of yourself in it. As a bodily practice, calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural restrictions. Could it help me go beyond mine My teacher once said to me, "When you look at the word, you see the body. Though a word on the page is two-dimensional, it contains multitudes, conveying the force you've applied, the energy of your grip, the arch of your spine." I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots, but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. Now I have sensed that the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully.
During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: "This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours." He might as well have said, "This word is you."
24．What did the author initially think of her name "Chen Yiwen"
A．It was lucky so she gladly accepted it.
B．She felt proud of its symbolic meaning.
C．She understood the intention but still disliked it.
D．Its strange pronunciation made her embarrassed.
25．The author decided to learn calligraphy to ____.
A．pick up a new hobby
B．reconnect with her origin
C．gain insights into a new culture
D．fit in with the local community
26．From the teacher's words, the author learns that calligraphy ____.
A．reflects the creator's spirits
B．comes from creative energy
C．highlights the design of strokes
D．depends on continuous practice
27．What does the author intend to tell us
A．Appreciate what our culture offers.
B．Find beauty from your inner self.
C．A great teacher leads you to truth.
D．We are the sum of what we create.
【答案】24．C
25．B
26．A
27．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者学习中国书法的经历和感悟，包括初次接触书法时的情景，名字的由来，在美国放弃中文名，回到香港学习书法的原因，老师对自己的评价，以及通过书法对自身的思考和认识等。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段"My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, "old", "barley (薏米)" and "warm".( 我的父母是华裔，所以他们请算命先生给我取名字，希望能给我带来最大的好运。于是，我给自己取了一个毫无意义又尴尬的名字：陈薏温，意思大致是"陈旧"、"薏米"、"温暖")"可知， 作者认为自己的名字"Chen Yi wen"是无意义且令人尴尬的，虽然父母是为了追求最大的运气才取这个名字，但她还是不喜欢。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段"When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage I thought.(当我在美国生活了14年后，于2021年搬到香港时，我决定学习书法。为什么不跟我的传统联系一下呢？我想)"可知，作者决定学习书法是为了重新接触自己的文化根源。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段"During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: "This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours." He might as well have said, "This word is you."(在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的字对我说："这个字好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的心流。相信自己。这个词是你的。"他还不如说："这个字就是你。")"可推知，从老师的话中，作者了解到书法反映了创作者的精神。故选A。
27．推理判断题。推理判断题。根据最后一段"During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: "This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours." He might as well have said, "This word is you."(在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的字对我说："这个字好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的心流。相信自己。这个词是你的。"他还不如说："这个字就是你。")"可知，书法反映了创作者的精神。由此推知，作者想告诉我们，我们就是我们所创造的一切的总和。故选D。
（2024·模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
"Assume you are wrong." The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.
To understand the context for Nosek's advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods.
But methodological reform hasn't come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life's work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.
What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong—a goal that your critic presumably shares.
One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it's easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.
Despite these worries, I like Nosek's suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community—we're all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.
Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis （假说）: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don't know if that's true. In fact, I should probably assume that it's wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.
28．What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A．Reformers tend to devalue researchers' work.
B．Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms.
C．People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science.
D．The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection.
29．The strategy of "assuming you are wrong" may contribute to ____.
A．the enormous efforts of scientists at work
B．the reliability of potential research results
C．the public's passion for scientific findings
D．the improvement in the quality of evidence
30．The underlined word "demoralizing" in Paragraph 5 means ____.
A．discouraging B．ineffective C．unfair D．misleading
31．The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ____.
A．doubtful but sincere B．disapproving but soft
C．authoritative and direct D．reflective and humorous
【答案】28．D
29．B
30．A
31．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；日常生活类；议论文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲心理学教授BrianNosek提出"假定自己是错的"这一建议用于追求更好的科学，文章围绕该建议展开，论述其背景、面临的挑战及担忧，作者虽对这一假说存疑，但喜欢该建议，希望借助科学社区和方法工具，共同减少错误。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及推理判断题和词义猜测题两种题型。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。
28．推理判断题。根据第三段的"But methodological reform hasn't come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life's work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.(但方法改革并非没有一些烦恼和摩擦。方法论改革家说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人善于以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。所以，挑战的一部分是弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，这样它就会成为这个过程中受欢迎的、完整的一部分，而不是令人尴尬的杂耍)"可知，方法上的改革面临一些挑战，其中之一就是要弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，使其成为过程中受欢迎和整合的一部分，这说明科学社区应该实践批判性自我反思。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段"Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares.(相反，从假设你是错的开始，批评更容易被解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议——你的批评者可能也有同样的目标)"及第五段的"Without an appreciation for how science works, it's easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.(如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志，而事实上，它们恰恰反映了科学的一些特征，正是这些特征使科学成为我们得出关于世界的可靠结论的最佳途径。科学是可靠的，因为它对证据作出反应：随着证据数量和质量的提高，我们的理论也可以而且应该改变) "可知，"假定自己是错的"这种策略有助于科学家寻找更多的证据，提高了潜在研究结果的可靠性。故选B。
30．词义猜测题。根据第五段的"One worry about this approach is that it could bedemoralizingfor scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it's easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science.(对这种方法的一个担忧是，它可能会使科学家……。努力少犯错误的动机可能不如承诺正确的动机有效。另一个担忧是，在科学领域行之有效的策略在与公众交流科学时可能会适得其反。如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志)"可知，在科学领域，追求完全正确往往是一个理想化的目标，因为实现这个目标可能是困难的，甚至是不可能的。相比之下，追求变得"不那么错误"可能更为现实和可行。这种方法鼓励科学家不断学习和改进，接受在研究过程中会犯错的可能性，从而更好地理解和解决问题。虽然这种方法可能会减轻一些压力，但也可能会在一定程度上降低科学家的动机和信心，因为他们可能会觉得自己永远无法达到完美的正确性。因此，"假定自己是错的"这种策略可能会让科学家感到士气低落。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Despite these worries, I like Nosek's suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we're all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.(尽管存在这些担忧，但我喜欢诺塞克的建议，因为它建立了认知上的谦卑，以及我们可以做得更好的感觉。它还建立了一种社区意识——当我们做错事的时候，我们都在同一条船上)"及最后一段的"Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don't know if that's true. In fact, I should probably assume that it's wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.(不幸的是，这仍然给我们留下了一个未经检验的假设：假设一个人是错的可以改变社会规范，并最终支持更好的科学，甚至可能是更好的生活决策。我不知道这是不是真的。事实上，我应该假设这是错的。但是有了科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能一起减少错误)"可知，作者用幽默的语调一方面承认自己不确定这个假说是否正确，另一方面又对其抱有希望。由此推知，作者在谈论这个未经检验的假设时使用的语气是反思和幽默的。故选D。
（2024·模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet （单簧管） like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual.
Other Americans who have stood out from the flock include Joe DiMaggio, Beverly Sill, Ernest Hemingway and Jonas Salk. They, like Benny Goodman, were recognized and honored for no other reason than excellence.
It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head.
The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise （即兴发挥）, who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn't work and make it work—these people are the very soul of capitalism.
Charles Kettering didn't like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one's capacity.
The ones with the purple hair and the funky jewelry are just along for the ride, trying to be "different" and not knowing how to go about it.
The student who earns straight A's on his report card has grasped the idea and has found the real meaning of individuality. So has the youngster who has designed his own spaceship, who gives piano recitals, who paints pictures of the world around him.
Benny Goodman understood it too. This is why he was at his best, blowing his clarinet, in a blue suit and black shoes.
32．The author mentions the appearance of Benny Goodman to ____.
A．show what a talented musician should look like
B．introduce an important figure in the musical world
C．contrast with his talent in music performance
D．indicate that he can't stand out from the flock
33．The author would most probably agree that ____.
A．an individualist tends to seek difference both in character and appearance
B．the essence of individualism lies in pursuing excellence to the full
C．being different in appearance is the very first step to being individual
D．those who strive to win the recognition of others are real individualists
34．According to the passage, which individual's actions may not truly embody the essence of individualism
A．A scientist who conducts research solely advancing knowledge for the greater good rather than for personal recognition.
B．A social media influencer who conforms to popular opinions to maintain a large following.
C．An artist who creates unique works but fail to gain fame and recognition from others.
D．An entrepreneur who prioritizes ethical considerations over profit in his business practices.
35．For the main thread, the article is organized by way of ____.
A．specific to general B．cause and effect
C．examples and conclusion D．comparison and contrast
【答案】32．C
33．B
34．B
35．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是个人主义，个人主义有什么特点。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. (那些有幸观看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一个相当普通的人，戴着无框眼镜，穿着保守的西装;但他们也看到了一个能演奏单簧管的人，在这之前和之后都没有人能做到。这使本尼·古德曼成为一个独特的个体。)"可知，作者提到本尼·古德曼的外表与他在音乐表演方面的天赋形成对比。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第四段"The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn't work and make it work—these people are the very soul of capitalism. (个性的全部目的就是追求卓越。那些发明创造，即兴发挥，比别人更了解一个主题，并采取无效的东西，并使其发挥作用的人-这些人是资本主义的灵魂。)"可知，作者可能同意个人主义的本质在于追求卓越。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据文章第五段"Charles Kettering didn't like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one's capacity. (查尔斯·凯特林不喜欢用曲棍发动汽车，所以他发明了电动启动器。亨利·福特发明了装配线技术，使大规模生产汽车成为可能，而电梯的发明者伊莱沙·奥蒂斯间接地创造了城市的天际线。这些人明白，个人主义意味着尽自己最大的努力工作。)"可知，一个符合大众观点保持大量追随者的社交媒体影响者不能真正体现个人主义的本质。故选B。
35．推理判断题。根据文章第一段"Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. (那些有幸观看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一个相当普通的人，戴着无框眼镜，穿着保守的西装;但他们也看到了一个能演奏单簧管的人，在这之前和之后都没有人能做到。这使本尼·古德曼成为一个独特的个体。)"和第三段"It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head. (比别人做得更好让我们与众不同。然而，令人惊讶的是，仍有相当多的人认为个性只是表面现象。他们穿着花哨的衣服，把头发染成奇怪的颜色，用纹身装饰自己的皮肤，以表达某种社会声明。但是一个把头发染成紫色或橙色的普通人只不过是一个长着滑稽脑袋的人。)"可知，本文主要采用比较和对比的方式进行组织。故选D。
四、第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2024·模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Art Builds Understanding
Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand the most meaningful aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights we gain when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters can be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing.
　36． 　 It contributes to facilitating a better understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts. The question is how that happens — what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art
According to the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large. 　37． 　 This results in the build-up of layers of materials — from initial studies and sketches to the final, refined piece. A viewer's initial interaction with an artwork starts where the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves the processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the finishing touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. 　38． 　.
In addition, art making and art viewing are connected by creative thinking. Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. It showed that the more time visitors spent engaging with art and the more they reflected on it, the greater the correspondence with the artists' intentions and ideas. 　39． 　.
Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential to communicate across space and time. 　40． 　 What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums.
A.The viewers gain a new perspective on the story.
B.The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art.
C.This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen.
D.To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work.
E.After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist.
F.For example, in one activity, people are asked to view a work of art from different perspectives.
G.Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program.
【答案】36．B；37．D；38．E；39．G；40．C
【知识点】七选五；文学艺术类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了艺术给人们带来的启示和影响。当人们第一次见到一件艺术作品时，我们的经历和感情或许会和它发生链接，从而影响或改变我们的想法，提高思想境界，但是这是如何发生的呢？文章就这个问题进行了讨论。
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。七选五解题的一些实用技巧如下。第一，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨。在开始解题前，快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容和主题，有助于更好地理解和判断每个选项的合适性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是对整段的概括或引入，而段尾句则常常是对该段的总结或结论。因此，关注这些句子有助于我们快速了解段落的主旨，从而更好地选择答案。第三，利用上下文语境和逻辑关系进行推断。在选择答案时，要仔细阅读上下文，寻找与选项相关的线索和信息，如关联词、同义词、反义词等。同时，也要根据逻辑关系进行推断，如因果、转折、并列等，从而确定正确答案。第四，排除法也是一种有效的解题方法。当面对多个选项时，可以先排除与文章主旨或上下文不符的选项，然后再根据剩余选项的内容进行比较和选择。
36．下文"It contributes to facilitating a better understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts. (它有助于促进更好地了解我们自己，人类的条件，道德和精神观念)"开头出现一个代词it，说明它指代的内容出现在设空处；结合下文"The question is how that happens — what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art (问题是这是如何发生的——有意义的艺术体验的属性是什么？)"可知本段阐述了艺术在认知方面的价值：有助于促进更好地了解我们自己，人类的状况，道德和精神观念；B选项"The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art.(审美认知主义理论描述了艺术的价值)"起到引领下文的作用，符合语境；下文中的"It"指代选项中的"art"，下文中的"understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts"属于"认知主义(cognitivism)"范畴的内容。故选B。
37．上文"Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large.(艺术家的目标是表达关于人类状况或整个世界的想法和信息。) "说明艺术家的目标是表达关于人类状况或整个世界的想法和信息；D选项"To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work.(为了做到这一点，他们探索关键的想法，并在工作发展过程中不断扩展这些想法)"承接上文，阐述了艺术家表达关于人类状况或整个世界的想法和信息的途径；下文"This results in the build-up of layers of materials—from initial studies and sketches to the final, refined piece. (这促成了材料层的积累——从最初的研究和草图到最终的精致作品。)"承接D选项，指出探索并不断扩展关键的想法促成了材料层的积累，下文中的"This"指代选项中的"explore key ideas and continually expand them"；由此可知，D选项符合语境。故选D。
38．根据上文"Their interaction first involves the processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the finishing touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. (他们的互动首先涉及到处理表面特征，如颜色、纹理，以及艺术家在创作过程的最后阶段所应用的收尾工作)"可知，观众和艺术家的互动分为两个阶段，开始是欣赏表象内容，比如颜色，纹理等，接下来表达的意思应该就是深入了解一段时间后，观众可以理解艺术背后的观念，E选项"After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist.(在花更多的时间欣赏作品后，观众开始了解艺术家的想法。)"符合题意，故选E。
39．根据上文"Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. (耶鲁大学一个实验室的研究表明，利用艺术欣赏活动的教育项目可以培养创造性思维能力)"可知，耶鲁大学开展的一个研究项目表明使用了艺术欣赏活动的教育项目可以培养创造性思维能力；G选项"Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program.(与没有参加该项目的人相比，参与者的想法更有独创性)"承接上文，继续阐述这项研究发现艺术欣赏活动有助于培养创造性思维能力；选项中"the program"指代前文中的"an educational program"，"original in their thinking"与上文"creative thinking skills"表达意思一致。故选G。
40．上文"Art has the potential to communicate across space and time.(艺术具有跨越时空交流的潜力。)"指出艺术具有跨越时空交流的潜力；C选项"This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen.(这有助于建立其他方式不会发生的联系和见解。)"承接上文，说明艺术跨越时空交流的潜力有助于建立联系和了解，这是其他方式无法达到的。选项中的"This"指代上文"the potential to communicate across space and time"。故选C。
五、第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2024·模拟）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Heads or Tails
Careful: It's not 50-50
The phrase "coin toss" is a classic synonym for randomness. But since the 18th century, mathematicians have 41． that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other. Proving this tiny bias, 42． , would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips, making laboratory tests a logistical （后勤的，组织协调的） 43． .,
Franti ek Barto , currently a Ph.D. candidate studying the research methods of psychology at the University of Amsterdam, became interested in this 44． four years ago. He couldn't 45． enough volunteers to investigate it at first. But after he began his Ph.D. studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers from six countries. Multiple weekends of coin flipping later, including one 12-hour marathon 46． , the team performed 350,757 tosses, breaking the previous record of 40,000.
With one side initially upward, the flipped coin landed with the same side facing 47． as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time. The large number of throws allows 48． to conclude that the nearly 1 percent bias isn't a fluke （侥幸）. "We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin flips after this data set," Barto says.
The leading theory explaining the 49． advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by Stanford University statisticians, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire track — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of 50． . The researchers determined that airborne coins don't turn around their symmetrical axis （对称轴）; 51． , they tend to move off-center, which causes them to spend a little more time high in the air with their initial "up" side on top.
For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random because a 1 percent bias isn't 52． with just a few coin flips, says statistician Ameli, who wasn't involved in the new research. Still, the study's conclusions should eliminate any lasting doubt regarding the coin flip's slight bias. "This is great experiment-based evidence 53． the bias," she says.
It isn't difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply 54． the coin's starting position before flipping it should do the trick. But if your friends are 55． the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a casino's house advantage. "If you asked me to bet on a coin," Barto says, "why wouldn't I give myself a 1 percent bias "
41．A．confirmed B．denied C．recorded D．suspected
42．A．therefore B．however C．for example D．vice versa
43．A．nightmare B．context C．intervention D．delay
44．A．coinage B．discipline C．challenge D．phrase
45．A．cooperate with B．round up
C．shrug aside D．count on
46．A．analysis B．race C．interview D．session
47．A．upward B．evenly C．downward D．uniformly
48．A．volunteers B．gamblers C．psychologists D．statisticians
49．A．accidental B．dominant C．subtle D．prejudiced
50．A．mechanics B．relativity C．geometry D．chemistry
51．A．moreover B．instead C．likewise D．initially
52．A．insignificant B．accessible C．inclusive D．perceptible
53．A．reversing B．integrating with
C．backing up D．rejecting
54．A．concealing B．shifting C．perceiving D．anchoring
55．A．favourable to B．opposed to C．unaware of D．suspicious of
【答案】41．D；42．B；43．A；44．C；45．B；46．D；47．A；48．D；49．C；50．A；51．B；52．D；53．C；54．A；55．C
【知识点】名词辨析；动词的词义辨析；动词短语的辨析；说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统上认为抛硬币是一种具有随机性的行为，但自18世纪以来，数学家就怀疑即使是均匀的硬币，朝一面的概率会略高于朝另一面。近期Franti ek Barto 通过招募志愿者进行大规模抛硬币实验，发现硬币落地时同一面朝上的概率为50.8%，证明了存在微小的偏差，为此前的理论计算提供了实验证据。
【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空是英语考试中常见的一种题型，旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。五、积累词汇，提高语言基础。要想在完形填空中取得好成绩，平时的词汇积累非常重要。建议学生多阅读英文文章，扩大词汇量，提高语言基础。
41．句意：但自18世纪以来，数学家们就怀疑，即使是公平硬币，朝一面的概率也会略高于朝另一面的概率。A. confirmed确认；B. denied否认；C. recorded记录；D. suspected怀疑。根据上文"The phrase "coin toss" is a classic synonym for randomness."和表示转折的"But"可知，数学家们并不同意抛硬币的结果是随机的这一看法，因此是怀疑概率并不均等。故选D。
42．句意：然而，要证明这种微小的偏差，需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），这使得实验室测试在组织协调上成为噩梦。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. for example例如；D. vice versa反之亦然。根据上文"But since the 18th century, mathematicians have ____1____ that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other."可知，数学家们从理论上进行猜想已经有很长时间了，再结合下文"Proving this tiny bias"和"would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips"可知，实际证明这种微小的偏差需要大量的实验数据，因此前后是转折的关系，强调进行实际证明很困难。故选B。
43．句意：然而，要证明这种微小的偏差，需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），这使得实验室测试在组织协调上成为噩梦。A. nightmare噩梦；B. context背景；C. intervention干预；D. delay延迟。根据上文"Proving this tiny bias, ____2____, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips"可知，要证明这种微小的偏差需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），工作量非常大，因此这会让实验室测试在组织协调上成为噩梦。故选A。
44．句意：Franti ek Barto 目前是阿姆斯特丹大学心理学研究方法的博士攻读者，他四年前开始对这个挑战感兴趣。A. coinage铸币；B. discipline纪律；C. challenge挑战；D. phrase短语。根据上文"Proving this tiny bias, ____2____, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips"可知，要证明这种微小的偏差需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），工作量非常大，是一种挑战，因此此处指他开始对这个挑战感兴趣。故选C。
45．句意：一开始他召集不到足够的志愿者来进行调查。A. cooperate with和……合作；B. round up把……聚集在一起；C. shrug aside对……满不在乎；D. count on依靠。根据下文"he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers from six countries"可知，后来他再次尝试，从六个国家招募了47名志愿者，因此此处指一开始召集不到足够的志愿者，round up和下文的recruiting呼应。故选B。
46．句意：经过多个周末的抛硬币，包括一段12小时的马拉松时间，该团队进行了350757次抛硬币，打破了之前40000次的记录。A. analysis分析；B. race竞赛；C. interview面试；D. session一段时间。根据上文"Multiple weekends of coin flipping later"可知，他让志愿者们进行了多个周末的抛硬币，此处是介绍抛硬币的时长，指其中包括一段长达12小时，堪称马拉松的抛硬币时间。故选D。
47．句意：如果一开始硬币的一面朝上，那么这枚被抛的硬币落地时同一面朝上的概率为50.8%。A. upward向上地；B. evenly均匀地；C. downward向下地；D. uniformly一致地。根据上文"With one side initially upward, the flipped coin landed with the same side facing"可推知，此处指一开始朝上的那一面最终落地也朝上。故选A。
48．句意：大量的抛掷让统计学家得出结论，近1%的偏差不是侥幸。A. volunteers志愿者；B. gamblers赌徒；C. psychologists心理学家；D. statisticians统计学家。根据上文"The large number of throws"和下文"to conclude that the nearly 1 percent bias isn't a fluke (侥幸)"可推知，大量的抛掷具有统计学意义，可以让统计学家得出近1%的偏差不是侥幸的结论。故选D。
49．句意：解释这种微妙优势的主要理论来自斯坦福大学统计学家2007年的一项物理学研究，他们的计算预测了51%的同侧偏差。A. accidental意外的；B. dominant主导的；C. subtle微妙的；D. prejudiced有偏见的。根据下文"you may as well benefit from your slight advantage"可知，这是一种微妙的优势，subtle和下文的slight呼应。故选C。
50．句意：从一枚硬币被抛向空中的那一刻起，它的整个轨迹——包括它是正面还是反面着地——都可以用力学定律计算出来。A. mechanics力学；B. relativity相对论；C. geometry几何学；D. chemistry化学。根据上文"its entire track — including whether it lands on heads or tails"及常识可推知，能计算出被抛掷的硬币的整个轨迹，以及哪一面着地的是力学定律。故选A。
51．句意：研究人员确定了，空中的硬币不会围绕它们的对称轴转动；相反，它们倾向于偏离中心，这导致它们在空中停留的时间更长，而最初"向上"的那一面是在上面的。A. moreover此外；B. instead相反；C. likewise同样地；D. initially最初地。根据上文"airborne coins don't turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴)"和下文"they tend to move off-center"可知，空中的硬币不会围绕它们的对称轴转动，它们倾向于偏离中心，前后是相反的情况，因此用instead"相反"衔接。故选B。
52．句意：没有参与这项新研究的统计学家Ameli说，对于日常决策来说，抛硬币事实上等同于随机，因为仅仅抛几次硬币是察觉不到1%的偏差的。A. insignificant微不足道的；B. accessible可接近的；C. inclusive包容的；D. perceptible可察觉的。根据上文"For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random"可知，对于日常决策来说，抛硬币事实上等同于随机，再结合常识可知，这是因为日常生活中不可能大量抛硬币，这种偏差是无法察觉的。故选D。
53．