SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. I think I had at le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ast a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope. (P2)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② think后为宾语从句，including one ... under a microscope作状语。该状语成分中，in which
引导定语从句修饰________（指代test）。
【句意】我想我至少做过十亿次检查了，包括有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下一小块儿肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。
【仿写】 我想玛丽今年至少收到了五十件生日礼物，包括她爸爸从法国给她寄回去的一件。
____________________________________________________________
2. So sometimes so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs. (P2)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句是So some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )times some children in my primary school would laugh；when引导________从句。
③ 在when从句中，连词or连接两个并列的谓语________和________。
【句意】当我跑了很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下来休息。因此，上小学时有的孩子见了我这种情况就会笑话我。
【仿写】当迈克改正了几次后还犯同样的错误，或者在课堂上睡觉时，史密斯先生就会惩罚他。
____________________________________________________________
3. Every tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others. (P2)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② every time在此句中起连词的作用，意为“每次，每当”，引导________状语从句。
③ 主句为I felt stupid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ... the others，其中包含一个because引导的原因状语从句。behind在本句中是介词，意为“落后于……”。
【句意】 每次缺课之后回校，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我比别人落后了。
【仿写】 每次去市中心，我就觉得烦躁，因为太吵了。
____________________________________________________________
4. The few who cann ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them. (P2)
【分析】
① 本句是一个由________连接的并列复合句。
② 前一分句中包含一个由关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词________且在从句中作________。
【句意】还有些同学看不到我的内心世界，但是我并不生气，只是不去理会他们罢了。
【仿写】一些同事经常取笑我，但是我并不苦恼，只是继续自己的研究。
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【分析】one
【仿写】I think Mary rec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eived at least fifty birthday presents this year, including one which her father had sent her from France.
2.【分析】时间状语；got out of breath；had to stop and rest
【仿写】So Mr. Smith wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld punish Mike, when he made the same mistakes after correcting them several times or slept in class.
3.【分析】时间
【仿写】Every time I go downtown, I feel annoyed because it’s too noisy.
4.【分析】and； few；主语
【仿写】Some colleagues wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o often make fun of me do not make me upset, and I just continue with my research.GRAMMAR
不定式
【语境展示一】观察下面各句中不定式的用法，然后加以总结。
1. I’m glad to see you’re feeling better.
2. She woke to see Ben standing by the window.
3. She’s said to be writing a novel.
4. Phillip is said to have left Shanghai.
5. They were all waiting for the gate to be opened.
6. It was his good fortune not to have been injured.
7. We decided not to buy that house.
【自我归纳一】
1. 不定式的形式及含义
不定式 形式 含义 例句
不定式的一般式 to do 表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时发生或在它之后发生。 句1和句2
不定式的进行式 to be doing 表示的动作正在进行，与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。 句3
不定式的完成式 ________ 表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前。 句4
不定式的被动式 to be done / to have been done 逻辑主语与不定式表示的动作之间是被动关系。 句5和句6
2. 不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to前加________（句7）。
【语境展示二】观察下面各句中不定式的用法，然后加以总结。
1. To answer that question is difficult.
2. It is foolish to read such a book.
3. I can’t bear to see you like this.
4. He’s finding it hard to cope.
5. My only wish is to do something for the public.
6. The manager asked them to leave.
7. What’s the right way to address the Queen
8. He was doing this to make me more relaxed.
9. Jerry was very disappointed to hear it.
10. I ran to the station only to find that the train had left.
【自我归纳二】
动词不定式可在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。
★作主语，一般表示具体的某次动作，谓语动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词用第三人称单数（句1）；有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式放在句尾（句2）。
★作宾语（句3）；若带有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置（句4）。
★作表语，常用来说明主语的具体内容（句5）。
★作宾语补足语，常用来补充说明宾语要干什么（句6）。
★作定语，位于所修饰的词之后（句7）。
★作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等（句8—句10）。
注意：
★不定式作表语时，其主语除了表示意向、打算 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、计划等的词之外，常见的还有idea, task, purpose, duty, dream等。如：
The purpose of the bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ok is to provide a complete guide to the university.
Her dream is to make a movie.
★在某些动词后用不带to的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不定式构成复合宾语的句子，改为被动结构时，不定式要加to。这类动词常见的有see, watch, notice, feel, hear, make, let, have等。如：
He saw a child ente ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r the building. → A child was seen to enter the building.
People often hear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d her sing this song. → She was often heard to sing this song.
The man made me move the car. → I was made to move the car.
【即学即练】
I. 用括号内所给单词的不定式的适当形式填空。
1. I shall go to the airport ________ (meet) a friend.
2. I rushed to the door, only ________ (discover) that it was locked.
3. Have you got ready for the meeting ________ (hold) tomorrow
4. James Watt is known ________ (invent) the steam engine.
5. The book was said ________ (translate) into English in 1936.
6. The girl was s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een ________ (enter) the supermarket and buy herself a bottle of juice.
7. It might be better ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ (try) discussing it in his own language, as he isn’t used to speaking English yet.
8. —Did he manage ________ (carry) the large box upstairs
—No, he didn’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t. He isn’t strong enough even _________ (move) it, let alone carry it upstairs.
II. 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. A: Hello, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Kevin, how was your summer holiday You seem to have enjoyed a fantastic one.
B: Yes, of course. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I went to Mountain Tai with my family. __________________ (它确实是个值得去的好地方). To share it with you, I took a lot of pictures. And I have something interesting to tell you.
A: Great!
2. A: Julia, I have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a meeting to attend tomorrow, so I will fly to Wuhan. __________________ (有没有什么东西需要给你带的)
B: No thanks. Oh, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) by the way, did you go to Stefanie Sun’s concert yesterday
A: I hurried to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ticket office yesterday, _________ _______________ (却被告知票已卖完了).
III. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。
People in many cou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntries like to celebrate Carnival. Dancing and laughing can be heard in New Orleans, Rio de Janeiro, and most cities in Spain. The residents of these cities expect to spend months 1. ________ (practice) their routines in “samba” schools.
In Rio de Janeiro, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )most of the citizens take a long time 2. ________ (make) costumes and prepare floats (花车) for the carnival’s many parades. Each float has a theme. The costumes are designed 3. ________ (match) this theme, and original dances are arranged 4. ________ (represent) this idea. It sounds like fun, but it’s really hard work 5. ________ (organize) all of these efforts. Practicing takes up more time each day as Carnival approaches.
In New Orleans, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) residents compete 6. ________ (name) “king” of a petition is fierce, and future kings are required 7. ________ (prove) that they have enough money to pay for the Crewe. Building the Crewe and designing and paying for costumes are all part of the king’s job.
参考答案
【自我归纳一】to have done；not
【即学即练】
I. 1. to meet 2. to discover 3. to be held 4. to have invented 5. to have been translated 6. to enter 7. to try 8. to carry; to move
II.
1. It is really a good place to visit
2. Do you have anythi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng to be taken for you; only to be told there was no ticket left
III.
1. practicing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 2. to make 3. to match 4. to represent 5. to organize / organizing 6. to be named 7. to proveWORDS & EXPRESSIONS
adapt
【语境展示】 阅读下面句子，并试着归纳adapt的意思及用法。
1. She adapted (herself) quickly to the new climate.
2. This machine has been specially adapted for use underwater.
3. These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
4. Many child ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ren buy books after they have been adapted for television.
5. The movie is adapted from a Michael Crichton novel.
【自我归纳】 adapt意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为“（使）适应”，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，常用于以下结构：adapt (oneself) ________ sth.（句1）；也可意为“修改，改动”，多作及物动词，常用于以下结构adapt sth. for sth.（句2），adapt sth. to do sth.（句3）；还可意为“改编”，多作及物动词，常用于以下结构：adapt sth. ________ sth.（句4），adapt sth. ________ sth.（句5）。
【即学即练】 翻译下面句子。
1. We had to adapt our plans to fit Jack’s timetable.
____________________________________________________________
2. The world will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.
____________________________________________________________
3. Three of her novels have been adapted for television.
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
adapt
【自我归纳】to；for；from
【即学即练】
1. 我们不得不改变我们的计划以适合杰克的时间安排。
2. 世界将会不同，我们将不得不准备好适应这个变化。
3. 她有三部小说被改编成了电视。
annoy
【归纳】annoy vt. 使……不悦；惹恼。如：
1. His constant joking began to annoy her.
2. It really annoys me when people forget to say thank you.
3. The sound of foot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )steps on the floor annoyed the downstairs neighbors.
【联想】annoying adj. 使恼怒的；使生气的；使烦恼的
annoyed adj. 颇为生气的
如：It is annoying that there is no hot water.
I was annoyed by his bad manners.
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 他在办公室里老是盯着我看，真把我气坏了。
_________________________________________________
2. 他还没有给她回信使她很生气。
_________________________________________________
参考答案
annoy
【即学即练】
1. I’m annoyed that he always stares at me in the office.
2. She is annoyed that he has not answered her letter.
conduct
【匹配】将conduct在下列句子中的含义与相对应的英文释义连接起来。
1. Our monitor co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nducted an experiment in our chemistry class yesterday. ( B )
2. Did you enjoy the concert conducted by David ( )
3. We may give advice, but we cannot give conduct. ( E )
4. The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. ( )
5. The children conducted themselves well at the party. ( )
A. to lead or guide sb. through or around a place
B. to organize or do a particular activity
C. to behave in a particular way
D. to direct a group of people who are singing or playing music
E. a person’s beh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aviour in a particular place or in a particular situation
【点拨】conduct既可作动词也可作名词。
★ 作动词时，意为“管理；主持；指挥；引导；表现”。
★ 作名词时，常为不可数，意为“________；品行”。
【联想】conductor n. 售票员；乐队指挥
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. She conducted herself extremely calmly in time of danger.
_________________________________________________
2. The scienti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st conducted a large number of experiments to prove that his theory was correct.
_________________________________________________
参考答案
conduct
【匹配】2. D 4. A 5. C
【点拨】行为
【即学即练】
1. 危险时刻她表现得极其冷静。
2. 这位科学家做了很多实验来证明他的理论是正确的。
access
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳access的意思及用法。
1. Do people in this village have access to clean drinking water
2. Students have access to the library during the vacation.
3. There is no access to the house from the main road.
4. This software ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) can allow you to access the information of all the students.
5. The road is clo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed because of the traffic accident, but can be accessed by emergency vehicles.
【自我归纳】
access作名词，意为：①（使用或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )见到的）机会，权利（句1和句2）；② 通道，通路，入径（句3）。它常构成固定搭配have access to，其中 to是________词。
access作动词，意为：① 获取，访问（计算机信息等）（句4）；② 到达，进入，使用（句5）。
【拓展】accessible adj. 易得到的，易使用的，（地方）易找到的，易到达的；（人）易相处的；（艺术、音乐、文学等）易懂的。
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. There is ________ ________ ________ (没有通道) the street through that door.
2. Medicine should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not be kept where it is ________ ________ (易接近的) children.
3. Today, student ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s ________ easy ________ ________ (接近) computers to keep up with the modern world.
参考答案
access
【自我归纳】介
【即学即练】1. no access to 2. accessible to 3. have; access to
cut out
【语境展示】 阅读下面句子，并从a-e中找出与1-5中的cut out相符合的释义。
1. Hey, you guys, cut it out — Mom’s trying to get some sleep.
2. Billy showed me the article he’d cut out of the magazine.
3. The current advice to pregnant women is to cut out alcohol.
4. You can cut out the unimportant details.
5. The affected tissue was cut out from his leg.
a. 切去 b. 删掉，省略 c. 停止 d. 剪下来，剪裁 e. 戒掉，不吃
【自我归纳】 通过观察上 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面的句子，我们可以知道cut out的意思分别为：1 → ________；2 → ________；3 → ________；4 → ________；5 → ________。
【拓展】常见的含cut的短语还有：
cut down削减，缩小，砍倒 cut in插嘴，干预 cut off切断，断绝 cut up切碎
【即学即练】 用含cut的短语的正确形式填空。
1. “What shall I do ” Patrick ________________ again.
2. I’ve been advised to ________ sugar ________ of my diet.
3. The doctor advised him to ________________ his working hours.
4. Linda ________________ the bad parts and uses the apples for cooking.
5. She ________________ pictures of her favorite movie stars and puts them on her bedroom walls.
参考答案
cut out
【自我归纳】c；d；e；b；a
【即学即练】1. cut in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 2. cut；out 3. cut down 4. cuts out 5. cuts outREADING TASKS
Book 7 Unit 1
Pre-reading activities
Task I Name some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) famous disabled persons and tell your partners what you can learn from them.
Task II Have you done ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) anything to help the persons who have some difficulties
Task III What is your attitude to those who laugh at the disabled
While-reading activities
Task I Read the text and fill the blanks.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Task II Read the text and match the facts with the examples.
1. Marty’s condition is very rare. A. He is happy doin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g many things, like writing and computer programming.
2. He used to be normal. B. He could climb trees before he was 10 years old.
3. The disease is hard to name. C. He advises healthy children not to feel sorry for the disabled.
4. He is having a good life now. D. He can’t climb stairs as quickly as others.
5. He became psychologically stronger and more independent. E. He had a lot of tests, even with a microscope.
Task III Match the two parts which have the same meaning.
A B
1. in other words A. apart from that
2. in addition B. to put differently
3. unfortunately C. most importantly
4. in fact D. actually
5. in the end E. unluckily
6. all in all F. at last
Post-reading activities
Task I Write a su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mmary of the text. Then try to retell the story to your partners.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Task II Retell Marty’s story in your own words.
Task III Give some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )examples to show that Marty is having a pleasant life now.
Task IV What can you learn from Marty’s advice to healthy children
参考答案：
Pre-reading activities
Task I 略
Task II 略
Task III 略
While-reading activities
Task I 1. mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )scle 2. professional football 3. hospital 4. out of breath 5. software 6. pets 7. sorry 8. encouragement
Task II 1-D 2-B 3-E 4-A 5-C
Task III 1-B 2-A 3-E 4-D 5-F 6-C
Post-reading activities
Task I
Marty has a rare ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )disease that doctors can’t cure. When he was ten he started to get weak and clumsy. Life can be difficult for Marty as he doesn’t look sick. At primary school some kids laughed at him when he got out of breath easily and he found catching up hard after taking time off school because he was too ill. Now in high school, he’s learned to ignore people who don’t understand his problem and find other ways to stay active, like writing and computer programming. He also spends a lot of time going out with his friends and looking after his pets. He has had to work hard to be able to live a normal life but says it has been worth it. He thinks we should accept people as they are and encourage everyone to live life to the full.
Task II 略
Task III 略
Task IV略
