SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. On the after ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )noon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. (P20)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句是I heard a loud noise coming from the bay。
③ I arrived at the station是省略了关系副词when的定语从句，修饰先行词________；as引导时间状语从句。
【句意】 有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在找住处的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。
【仿写】 那天下午我搬到新房，正在整理家具的时候，听到外面传来一阵喧闹声。
____________________________________________________________
2. I had already heard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that George didn’t like being kept waiting, so even though I didn’t have the right clothes on, I raced after him. (P20)
【分析】
① 本句是一个由so连接的并列复合句。
② 前一分句中that引导宾语从句。
③ 后一分句中even though引导________从句。
【句意】我以前就听说过，乔治不喜欢等人，所以尽管我还没有穿上合适的衣服，还是跟在他后面跑起来了。
【仿写】我以前就听说过，埃米不喜欢被像孩子一样对待，所以尽管我很忙，我还是接受了她的聚会邀请。
____________________________________________________________
3. A few minu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tes later, there was no Tom, so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again. (P20)
【分析】
① 本句是一个由so连接的复合句。
② so引导的结果状语从句中又包含两个由and连接的并列分句。
③ and后的分句中动词-ing形式短语circling back to the boat和________作定语，对Tom进行补充说明。
【句意】几分钟后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用浆拍打水面。汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。
【仿写】突然，苏珊不见了，于是迈克开始喊她的名字。苏珊出现了，向我们跑来。
____________________________________________________________
4. It took ov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom. (P21)
【分析】
① 本句是一个由and连接的并列复合句。
② 前一分句中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是________。
③ 后一分句中，when引导时间状语从句，being firmly held up作宾语补足语。
【句意】我们花了半个多小时才把船调转头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳托着詹姆斯。
【仿写】我们花了一个小时才到达这片森林。当我们发现比尔的时候，我看到他正被三头狼围着。
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【分析】afternoon
【仿写】On the afterno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on I moved to the new house, as I was arranging the furniture, I heard a loud noise coming from outside.
2.【分析】让步状语
【仿写】I had already he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ard that Amy didn’t like being treated like a child, so even though I was very busy, I still accepted her party invitation.
3.【分析】leading us to the hunt again
【仿写】Suddenly, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re was no Susan, so Mike started shouting her name, and there was Susan, running up to us.
4.【分析】to get the boat back to James
【仿写】It took us an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hour to get to the forest, and when we found Bill, I saw him being surrounded by three wolves.WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
witness
【匹配】在括号中填出与witness相对应的词性及含义。
n. ① sb. who sees a crime or an accident
② sb. who gives evidence in a law court
③ evidence
vt. to be present at sth. and see it
1. She was shocked by the violent scenes she had witnessed. ( )
2. His anxiety was a witness to his love for her. ( )
3. The judge asked the witness to speak louder. (n. ②)
4. One witnes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk. ( )
【点拨】
witness作名词，意为：① 目击者；② 证人；③ 证据。
witness作动词，意为：① 当场见到；② 目击。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 我们有一位这起谋杀案的目击证人。
______________________________________
2. 他目睹了昨天的事故。
______________________________________
参考答案
witness
【匹配】1. vt. 2. n. ③ 4. n. ①
【即学即练】
1. We have a witness to the murder.
2. He witnessed yesterday’s accident.
urge
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳urge的意思及用法。
1. Lawyers will urge the parents to take further legal action.
2. We urge that systems be put in place to prevent such accidents.
3. When the chil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dren got tired, their mother urged them on with encouraging words.
4. I feel / have the urge to be outside when spring comes again.
【自我归纳】
★ urge作动词，意为“催促，力 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )劝，强烈要求，驱策，推进”，如句1至句3。常用表达：urge sb. to do sth.力劝/催促某人做某事；urge that ... 竭力主张（从句谓语用“should +动词原形”，should 可以省略）；urge sb. on ________。
★ urge作名词，意为“冲动，强烈的欲望，迫切的要求”，常构成短语________；意为“有做某事的冲动/欲望”，如句4。
【即学即练】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. I could hear my classmates _____ me on as I ran past.
A. encouraging B. forcing C. urging D. allowing
2. They urged that the library _____ open during the vacation.
A. is kept B. was kept C. be kept D. would be kept
参考答案
urge
【自我归纳】鼓励某人，激励某人；have / feel an urge to do sth.
【即学即练】1. C 2. C
abandon
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳abandon的意思。
1. The child was abandoned by his mother at the age of five.
2. We had to abandon the car and walk the rest of the way.
3. The game had to be abandoned due to bad weather.
【自我归纳】abandon作动词，意为：① 遗弃，抛弃（句1）；② ________（句2）；③ 中止（句3）。
【拓展】abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；被抛弃的
【即学即练】根据汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. People ____________ (常常丢下宠物不管) when they go abroad.
2. _____________ (该弃儿) was found unharmed.
参考答案
abandon
【自我归纳】放弃
【即学即练】1. often abandon their pets 2. The abandoned child
help ( ... ) out
【归纳】help (...) out意为“帮助（某人）摆脱困境或危难”。如：
1. Do you need anyone to help out in the shop
2. My parents helped me out with money when I lost my job.
【拓展】
help oneself / one to sth. 为自己/某人取食品、饮料等
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
【即学即练】用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. —Help yourself ________ some more fish.
—No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
2. Jane is helping ________ her mother by taking care of the baby.
参考答案
help (...) out
【即学即练】1. to 2. out
reflect
【语境展示】 阅读下面句子，并试着归纳reflect的意思及用法。
1. He saw himself reflected in the water / mirror / shop window.
2. The glass appears to reflect light naturally.
3. The survey reflects a change in people’s spending habits.
4. The manager needed time to reflect on / upon what to do.
5. She reflected th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at this was probably the last time she would see him.
【自我归纳】 reflect是动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词，意为：① 反映，映出（影像）（常与in连用）（句1）；② 反射（句2）；③ 表明，表达，显示（事物的自然属性或人们的态度、情感等）（句3）；④ 认真思考，沉思（常用搭配：reflect ________ sth.；reflect +that从句）（句4、句5）。
【拓展】 reflect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion n.意为：① 映像；②（声、光、热等的）反射；③ 反映，显示，表达；④ 沉思，深思（常用搭配：on reflection再经考虑）。如：
Can you see your reflection in the water
There is reflection of heat from the metal surface.
His speech was an accurate reflection of the public mood.
At first I disagreed, but on reflection, I realised she was right.
【即学即练】 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。
1. She could see herself ________________________________ (映照在他眼中).
2. The windows ________________________________ (反射着午后明媚的阳光).
3. The young man admired ________________________________ (自己在镜中的影像).
4. Our newspaper aim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to ________________________________ (表达当地人民的心声).
5. Your clothes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are often ________________________________ (一种你个性的反映).
6. Before I decide, I ________________________________ (需要时间认真考虑).
参考答案
reflect
【自我归纳】on / upon
【即学即练】 1. reflec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted in his eyes 2. reflected the bright afternoon sunlight 3. his reflection in the mirror 4. reflect the views of the local people 5. a reflection of your personality 6. need time to reflect
aware
【语境展示】 阅读下面句子，并试着归纳aware的意思及用法。
1. Were you aware of the risks at the time
2. She was aware of a tall dark figure watching her.
3. They were well aware that the company was losing money.
4. I don’t think you’re aware (of) how much this means to me.
【自我归纳】 aware作形容词，意为“知道的，意识到的，察觉到的”。常用于以下结构：
★ ________（句1）；
★ be aware of sb. doing sth.（句2）；
★ be aware that / (of) how ...（句3、句4）。
【拓展】 awareness n. 知道，察觉
【即学即练】 翻译下面句子。
1. 我甚至没有察觉到他生病了。
____________________________________________________________
2. 他已经意识到了这个问题。
____________________________________________________________
3. 我察觉到他在看我。
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
aware
【自我归纳】 be aware of sth.
【即学即练】
1. I wasn’t even aware that he was ill.
2. He was already aware of the problem.
3. I was awa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re of him looking at me. / I was aware that he was looking at me.GRAMMAR
被动语态（二）
【语境展示】 观察下面各句中动词-ing形式被动式的结构及用法，然后加以总结。
1. Being attacked by a shark is a terrifying experience.
2. Who can prevent their plan from being carried out
3. I saw him being carried away in an ambulance.
4. It seemed that Ro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se was not interested in the question being discussed.
5. Having been invited to the party, I felt greatly honoured.
【自我归纳】
★动词-ing形式的被动式的构成形式：
① 一般式：being done，表示一个正在进行或与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的被动动作（句1—句4）；
② 完成式：________，表示的被动动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前（句5）。
★动词-ing形式的被动式在句子中可以作主语（谓语动词用单数）（句1）、宾语（句2）、宾语补足语（句3）、定语（句4）和状语（句5）等。
【拓展】
1. need, require, want表示“需要”时，后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The house needs / wan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts / requires painting. = The house needs / wants / requires to be painted.
2. be worth后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。如：
A lot of the small towns in the area are definitely worth visiting.
3. 不定式的被动式、动词-ing形式的被动式和过去分词都可作定语表示被动意义，但所表示的动作发生的时间有所不同。如：
The problem to be dis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cussed tomorrow is of great importance. （to be discussed所表示的被动动作将要发生）
The problem b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eing discussed is of great importance. （being discussed所表示的被动动作正在发生）
The problem discuss ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed yesterday is of great importance. （discussed所表示的被动动作已经发生）
【即学即练】
I. 用括号内动词（短语）的正确形式填空。
1. ________ (protect) by a thick wall, they felt quite safe.
2. I saw Tom ________ (question) by the police just now.
3. Several of our customers complain of ________ (treat) very rudely.
4. ________ (laugh at) in public is a terrible experience.
5. The text ________ (teach) now is much more difficult than the one we learned last week.
6. I have been in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vited to a party ________ (hold) in our club next Sunday.
II. 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下面句子。
1. It’s said that the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bridge ______________ (正在那里建的) will be the longest one in the world.
2. When he sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w the little baby ______________ (被她的父亲举起), he was frightened.
3. ______________ (被他的歌迷围着), the famous singer couldn’t move forward.
4. ______________ (陷在泥里) for two hours, the boy was saved by the local people.
5. ______________ (在太阳下曝晒时间过长) may do harm to your skin.
6. The student just missed ______________ (被抓住) by the teacher.
7. This question is ______________ (远远没有解决).
8. Your shoes need ______________ (擦了).
III. 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下面对话。
1. A: Hello, Simon, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) could I use your computer now _________________ (我的正在被修理).
B: Go ahead, Jerry. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Is the computer being repaired the one you bought last month
A: Yes, its operating system always breaks down.
2. A: _________________ (正在被这么多记者采访的男子是谁)
B: You don’t know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) him He is Tim Cook, who has been appointed as Apple’s new CEO after Steve Jobs’ resignation.
A: Oh, I see. Being ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chosen to be the manager of Apple is a great honor.
B: And a challenge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) as well. _________________ (已经在全世界被广泛认可), Apple always has to invent new products.
参考答案
【自我归纳】having been done
【即学即练】
I.
1. Being protected ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 2. being questioned 3. having been treated 4. Being laughed at 5. being taught 6. to be held
II.
1. being built ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )there 2. being raised by her father 3. Being surrounded by his fans
4. Having been stuc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k in the mud 5. Being exposed to sunlight for too much time
6. being caught 7. far from being settled 8. cleaning / to be cleaned
III.
1. Mine is being repaired
2. Who is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )man being interviewed by so many reporters; Having been widely accepted all over the worldREADING TASKS
Book 7 Unit 3
Pre-reading activities
Task I Name at least 6 sea animals and share them with your partners.
Task II Tell your partners what you know about whales.
Task III If you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have a chance to dive into the sea, what do you expect to see
While-reading activities
Task I Read the first anecdote and fill in the blanks.
Time in June 1. ________ Place at a whaling station and a bay in Australia
Characters Clancy, Old Tom, George, a whale, other killers, Jack, Red
Events at the whaling station ☆Clancy heard a loud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )noise and found Old Tom signaling that there was a(n) 2. ________.☆George asked Clancy to go with him to the sea.
in the bay ☆They followed Tom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and went to the place where a whale was being attacked by a group of other killers.☆The killers hunt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed the whale by stopping it 3. ________ or diving or fleeing.☆A man killed the whale by using a(n) 4. ________.
Task II Read the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) second anecdote and put the following events in the correct order.
A. James was pushed further and further away.
B. Old Tom went back to join the hunt.
C. We got the boat back to James.
D. We pulled James back into the boat.
E. James was washed off the boat.
F. We found James being firmly held up by Old Tom.
G. A shark appeared.
____________________________________________________________
Task III Read the t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ext and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
( ) 1. Clancy ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d never seen the killers helping the whales before he came to work at the whaling station.
( ) 2. The loud n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oise that Clancy heard came from the fight between the whales and the killers.
( ) 3. Old Tom gave the signal that the whale hunt would start.
( ) 4. George beat the water with his oar to kill the whale.
( ) 5. The function of the whale’s blow-hole is to breathe.
( ) 6. The wounded ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) whale died because there were too many killer whales.
( ) 7. The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )whale’s body would be carried to land after it floated up to the surface.
( ) 8. The kille ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs would have a good meal before the whale’s body float up to the surface.
Task IV Read the text and match the facts with the purposes.
Facts Purposes
1. Old Tom jumped out of the water and crashed down again. A. To show the way to the hunt.
2. George beat the water with his oar. B. To prevent the whale from breathing.
3. Old Tom swam by the boat. C. To eat the lips and tongue of the whale.
4. The killers went to the top of the whale’s bow-hole. D. To tell people there was a whale nearby.
5. The killer pulled down the whale’s body deep into the sea. E. To call back Tom.
6. Old Tom help up James firmly in the water. F. To protect him from the sharks.
Post-reading activities
Task I Write ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a summary of the text. Then try to retell the story to your partners.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Task II Make a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dialogue between George and Clancy talking about what they experienced according to the first anecdote.
Task III Imagine you a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re James. Rewrite the second anecdote telling your story on the sea.
Task IV Discussion. What is your opinion on people’s killing whales
参考答案：
Pre-reading activities
Task I 略
Task II 略
Task III 略
While-reading activities
Task I 1. 1902 2. whale 3. breathing 4. harpoon
Task II E→A→G→C→F→D→B
Task III 1-5 TFTFT 6-8 FTT
Task IV 1-D 2-E 3-A 4-B 5-C 6-F
Post-reading activities
Task I
In 1902 when I was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 16 I went to work with some whalers. I saw a killer whale they called Old Tom jumping out of the water and crashing into it again. A whaler told me it was telling us that a large whale was in the bay. The whalers and I ran to our boats. In the distance we saw other killer whales attacking a larger whale to stop it from escaping out to sea. The whalers killed it with a harpoon and the killer whales dragged it underwater. A whaler told me that the killer whales were feeding on its lips and tongue and that we would come back later for the rest of the whale when it floated to the surface. The killer whales also protected the whalers. One day when a man fell out of his boat Old Tom stopped a shark from attacking him.
Task II 略
Task III 略
Task IV略
