SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. I know you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’re dying to hear all about my life here, so I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about. (P29)
【分析】
① 本句是一个由so连接的并列复合句。
② 前一分句中，know后是一个省略了连接词that的宾语从句。
③ 后一分句中，which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )引导的定语从句修饰先行词________；该定语从句中又包含一个省略了关系词that或which的定语从句I talk about，修饰先行词________。
【句意】 我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况。我在信中附有几张照片，能够帮助你想像出我所谈到的地方。
【仿写】 我觉得你很可能不熟悉这种动物，所以我附了几张照片，能够帮助你对我所谈到的动物的外表有更多的了解。
____________________________________________________________
2. The other day I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere! (P29)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② when意为“正在……，突然……”，在此引导时间状语从句。
③ when从句中又包含before引导的________从句，意为“还没来得及……就……”。
【句意】有一天，我正给孩子们做每周一次的化学实验演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了。
【仿写】我们正在开会，还没明白怎么回事，就有人闯进来了。
____________________________________________________________
3. Sometimes I wonde ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. (P29)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② wonder后是由how引导的宾语从句。
③ 在宾语从句中，most of whom ... anyway是“代词+介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，补充说明先行词________。
【句意】有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些孩子究竟有多大的用处。他们中大多数人学完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。
【仿写】我想知道，这篇文章对于这些学生来说到底有多难，他们中大多数都不理解。
____________________________________________________________
4. When we arrive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d at the village, Tombe’s mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in her garden, started crying “ieee ieee”. (P29)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句是Tombe’s mother ... crying “ieee ieee”；When引导时间状语从句。
③ 主句中，Kiak作________的同位语，who had ... her garden是非限制性定语从句，补充说明Kiak。
【句意】当我们到达村庄的时候，汤贝的母亲齐亚克本来在园子里拔草，看到我们就“嗳矣，嗳矣”地叫了起来。
【仿写】当她到达城堡时，她的姨妈玛丽本来在园子里浇花，看到她就飞奔过来给了她一个大大的拥抱。
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【分析】photos；places
【仿写】I think you a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re probably not familiar with this animal, so I’ve included some photos which will help you learn more about the appearance of the animal I talk about.
2.【分析】时间状语
【仿写】We were ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ving a meeting when, before we knew it, someone broke in.
3.【分析】students
【仿写】I wonder how ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) difficult the article is to these students, most of whom can’t understand it.
4.【分析】Tombe’s mother
【仿写】When she arriv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed at the castle, her aunt, Mary, who had been watering flowers in her garden, ran quickly to her and gave her a big hug.WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
adjust
【语境展示】 阅读下面句子，并试着归纳adjust的意思及用法。
1. She adjusted he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r skirt, took a deep breath and walked into the room.
2. If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you.
3. My eyes were s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )till trying to adjust themselves to the strong sunlight.
4. It took her two years to adjust to life in England.
5. It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce.
【自我归纳】 adjust作“____ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____”讲时，常作及物动词（句1、句2）；作“（使）适合，适应”讲时，既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，常用于以下结构：adjust oneself to sth.（句3）或adjust to sth. / to doing sth.（句4、句5）。
【拓展】 adjustment n. 意为“调整，调节”。如：
She made a few minor adjustments to the focus of her camera.
She went through ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a period of emotional adjustment after her marriage broke up.
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. It took a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) few seconds for her eyes to ________ ________ ________ ________ (适应黑暗).
2. My parents had tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ouble ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (适应住在城市里).
3. Phoebe carefu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lly ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (整理了她的衣服和头发) before going out.
4. Don’t worry! ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )You’ll quickly ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (适应学生生活).
5. I’ve ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (对……做了一些调整) the seating plan.
参考答案
adjust
【自我归纳】 调整
【即学即练】 1. adjus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t to the darkness 2. adjusting to living in the city 3. adjusted her clothes and her hair 4. adjust yourself to student life 5. made a few adjustments to
otherwise
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳otherwise的词性及意思。
1. I plan to wait here unless someone tells me otherwise.
2. Jimmy is a little naughty, but otherwise a good student.
3. Do as you are told, otherwise you’ll be in trouble.
4. I was ill th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at day, otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet.
【自我归纳】
otherwis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e作副词时，意为“用别的方法，其他方面”（句1、句2）；作连词时，意为“________”（句3、句4），相当于or。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. His students in C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hinese literature are also his teachers otherwise.
___________________________________________
2. He felt very tired yesterday, otherwise he would have helped you.
___________________________________________
参考答案
otherwise
【自我归纳】否则，不然
【即学即练】
1. 这些人在中国文学方面是他的学生，在其他方面却是他的老师。
2. 他昨天很累，不然他会帮你的。
operate
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳operate的意思及用法。
1. The machine can operate for 15 hours continuously at full power.
2. The medicine operated quickly.
3. The doctor says he may have to operate.
4. He operated on the baby’s throat and saved its life.
5. Clive was experienced in operating the computers.
【自我归纳】
★ operate作不及物动词时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，意为：① ________（句1）；② 发生影响，起作用（句2）；③ 动手术（常与介词________连用）（句3、句4）。
★ operate作及物动词时，意为“操作，控制，使运行”（句5）。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. This machine operates night and day.
___________________________________________
2. We will have to operate on his eyes.
___________________________________________
3. The system operates in five countries.
___________________________________________
4. Do you know how to operate the heating system
___________________________________________
参考答案
operate
【自我归纳】工作，运转；on
【即学即练】
1. 这台机器日夜运转。
2. 我们得给他的眼睛动手术。
3. 有五个国家实施这种体制。
4. 你知道怎么操作这个供热系统吗？
hear from
【归纳】 hear from意为“接到……的来信、电话等”。如：
1. I hear from my mother every week.
2. I heard from my sister in New York yesterday.
【拓展】
hear sb. out听某人说完
hear about sb. / sth. 听到关于某人/事物的消息
hear of sb. / sth. 听到或知道某人/事物的情况
【即学即练】选用以上短语的适当形式填空。
1. The parents haven’t yet ________ their son since he went abroad.
2. I am afraid that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I don’t have enough time to ________ you ________.
参考答案
hear from
【即学即练】1. heard from 2. hear; out
dry out & dry up
【归纳】
★ dry out 意为“（使）变干，干透”。如：
Hot sun and cold winds can soon dry out your skin.
In summer, water the plants regularly and never let the soil dry out.
★ dry up意为：①（河流，井等）干涸；②枯竭，耗尽；③停止说话。如：
During the drought the river dried up.
If foreign aid dries up the situation will be desperate.
Now, I’m going to dry up and let someone else have his say.
【即学即练】 用含dry的短语的正确形式填空。
1. Water the ground regularly to stop it from ________.
2. What will happen to the project when the money ________
3. It’s been so hot this year that the pond has ________ completely.
4. The kitchen was flooded and it took ages to ________ it ________.
5. The play was goin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g very well until one of the actors suddenly ________.
参考答案
dry out & dry up
【即学即练】 1. dryi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng out / being dried out 2. dries up 3. dried up 4. dry；out 5. dried upREADING TASKS
Book 7 Unit 4
Pre-reading activities
Task I If you are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to write a letter to your parents telling them about your school life, what will you cover in your letter
Task II Which subject do you like best Why
Task III If you ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e asked to help the students in the remote villages, what can you do for them
While-reading activities
Task I Read the first 3 paragraphs and fill in the blanks.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Task II Read Paragr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aphs 4-9 and fill in the blanks in the chart, trying to understand how Jo felt during her visit to the village.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Task III Rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the text and try to find the answers to each of the following questions.
Questions Answers
1. What does the school look like A. Most of them will go back to their village.
2. Why is science the most difficult subject to teach B. It is a bush school.
3. Why does Jo th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink that it is not important for the students to learn Chemistry C. Excited.
4. Why did Jo say the village was remote D. Fresh grass.
5. How did Tombe’s mother feel when she saw Jo E. The students have never done any experiment.
6. What was used to make the platform to be slept on F. They were used to cook the food.
7. What did Jo saw in the hut G. They walked for two and half hours to get there.
8. Why did they put the hot stones in the drum H. One broom, tin plates, cups and jars.
9. Why couldn’t Jo join in the talking I. They were believed to attract evil spirits.
10. Why did the people throw away the leftovers J. She did not know the local language.
Task IV Put the phrases into the correct categories.
A. classrooms made of bambooB. up a mountain to a ridgeC. an empty oil drumD. sniffed the foodE. the mixtureF. no windowsG. dark inside H. fresh grassI. sitting around the fireJ. near the doorwayK. a muddy trackL. chemistry experimentM. most challenging subjectN. down a steep path to the valley below
1. Describing the school: ____________________
2. Describing the class: ____________________
3. Describing the village: ____________________
4. Describing the house: ____________________
5. Describing the cooking: ____________________
Post-reading activities
Task I Write ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a summary of the text. Then try to retell the story to your partners.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Task II Imagine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you are a reporter and that your partner is Jo. Make an interview about Jo’s experience in the high school in Papua New Guinea.
Task III Rewrite Parag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raphs 4-8 of the text from the point of view of Tombe, describing what you saw about Jo in the village.
Task IV Discussion ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Jo thought the boys should not learn Chemistry. What is your opinion
参考答案：
Pre-reading activities
Task I 略
Task II 略
Task III 略
While-reading activities
Task I 1. bush 2. muddy 3. water 4. bubbling
Task II 1. l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ong 2. family 3. grass 4. doorway 5. platform 6. stones 7. vegetables 8. upside down 9. dry out 10. goodbyes 11. aching 12. bed
Task III 1-B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 2-E 3-A 4-G 5-C 6-D 7-H 8-F 9-J 10-I
Task IV 1. A, K 2. E, L, M 3. B, N 4. F, G, H, J 5. C, D, I
Post-reading activities
Task I
Dear Rosemary,
I teach in a bush s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chool made of bamboo with a grass roof. It takes me only a few minutes to get there but some of the boys I teach have to walk for up to two hours. There’s no electricity, water or books, so I need to be imaginative. One day another teacher and I walked over a mountain with fantastic views to visit one of the boys’ villages. He and his family lived in a round bamboo hut with no windows. After heating stones on a fire, his father put them in an empty oil drum. Then he filled the drum with sweet potatoes and greens, covered it with banana leaves and left the food to steam. It was delicious. We left the village the next morning, feeling so privileged to have spent a day with the boy’s family.
Love,
Jo
Task II 略
Task III 略
Task IV略GRAMMAR
限制性定语从句高考考点点拨
考点一：关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
【考例】
1. Among the many da ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ngers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
(2014年江西卷单项填空)
2. Please send us all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
(2014年陕西卷单项填空)
3. A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
(2014年山东卷单项填空)
4. The exact ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
(2014年安徽卷单项填空)
【点拨】
1. that / which。设空处 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词dangers（指物），且在从句中作face的宾语，故填that / which。
2. that。设空处引导限制性定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句，修饰先行词information（指物），且在从句中作have的宾语，又因先行词information被all修饰，故填that。
3. whose。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词company, 且在从句中作profits的定语，故填whose。
4. that / which。设 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词year（指物），且在从句中作spent的宾语，故填that / which。
考点二：关系副词或“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句
【考例】
1. As the smallest chi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld for his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. (2015年陕西卷单项填空)
2. The boss o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. (2015年天津卷单项填空)
3. When I ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rived, Bryan took me to see the house ________ I would be staying.
(2013年新课标全国卷II单项填空)
4. Some experts thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nk reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
(2015年安徽卷单项填空)
【点拨】
1. when / by which。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词time，且在从句中作时间状语，故填when / by which。
2. where / in whi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，且在从句中作状语，表抽象的地点，故填where / in which。
3. where / in which。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词house, 且在从句中作地点状语，故填where / in which。
4. which。upon与设空处一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )起引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词skill，且在从句中作状语，故填which。which在此指代the fundamental skill。
【即学即练】
I. 用适当的关系词或“介词+关系代词”补全下面句子。
1. Can you show me the house ________ Shakespeare once lived
2. My uncle talked of the man and the books ________ interested him.
3. You could get in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to a situation ________ you have to decide immediately.
4. There was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )certain old man in the village ________ none of us liked.
5. Can you suggest a time ________ it will be convenient to meet
6. James Russell is a man ________ I have the greatest respect.
7. The girl ________ work got the prize is the youngest in her class.
II. 完成下面对话来体会定语从句的运用。
1. A: Ivy, the nove ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l Sense and Sensibility that you lent me last week is really interesting and touching.
B: I like it too. It ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is their true love that impresses me most. The message that the author wants to convey to the readers is that we should believe in love.
A: By the way, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Professor Wang, who has returned from Harvard University, will give a lecture on British literature in the lecture hall tomorrow afternoon.
B: I admire him ver ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y much. He is one of the professors __________________ (受到我们学生的欢迎).
2. A: Running is an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) activity ___________________ (决心和技巧同等重要). So don’t give up and try again.
B: Yeah, I will try ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to win the game to thank my coach Clark whose devotion and encouragement helps me a lot.
A: He is a person on whom you can rely.
III. 用适当的关系词补全下面短文。
At the age of nine, Ev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a Hoffman left Poland with her family. She was old enough to know what she was losing: Gracow, a city 1. ________ she loved as one loves a person, the sun-baked villages 2. ________ they had taken summer vacations, and the conversations and escapades (恶作剧) with her friends. Disconnected from a city in 3. ________ life was lived intensely, her father would become overwhelmed (不知所措的) by the transition to Canada. Eva would lose the parent 4. ________ she had watched in lively conversation with friends in Cracow cafés. And nothing could replace her friendship with the boy 5. ________ home she visited daily and 6. ________ she assumed she would someday marry. Worst of all, she would miss her language. For years, she would feel no connection to the English name of anything 7. ________ she felt was important. Lost in Translation: A Life in a New Language (New York: Penguin, 1989) tells how Eva came to terms with her new identity and language. It’s a story 8. ________ readers will find fascinating and moving.
参考答案
【即学即练】
I. 1. where / in w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hich 2. that 3. where / in which 4. that / who / whom
5. when / at which 6. for whom 7. whose
II.
1. that / who are popular with us students
2. where determination and skill are equally important
III.
1. that / which 2. where 3. which 4. whom / who / that 5. whose 6. whom / who 7. that 8. that / which
