WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
diet
【语境展示】 阅读下面句子，并试着归纳diet的意思及用法。
1. The doctor told Bob to reduce the amount of fat in his diet.
2. It is important to have a balanced, healthy diet.
3. I decided to go / be on a diet before my holiday.
4. I’ve been dieting for two months and I’ve lost 6 kilos.
【自我归纳】
★ diet作名词时，可意为“日常饮食 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”（句1和句2），常用于以下结构中：________ one’s diet在某人日常饮食中（句1）；have a balanced / healthy diet有均衡的/健康的饮食（句2）。也可意为“节食”，常用于以下结构：go / be on a diet（句3）。
★ diet作动词时，意为“节食，按规定饮食”（句4）。
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. My mother is ____________ (正在节食) to reduce her weight.
2. You should be able to reduce your weight ____________ (通过按规定饮食).
参考答案
diet
【自我归纳】 in
【即学即练】
1. dieting / (going) on a diet 2. by dieting
balance
【语境展示】 阅读下面句子，并试着归纳balance的意思。
1. The salesgirl weighed the vegetable on the balance skilfully.
2. Riders need a good sense of balance.
3. We must keep a balance between spending and saving.
4. The crown could balance a stick on the end of his nose.
5. He balanced the advantages and disadvantages of the situation.
【自我归纳】 balance既可作名词，也可作动词。
★ 作名词，意为：① 天平（句1）；② ________ （句2）； ③ 均衡状态（句3）。
★ 作动词，意为：① 使（某物）保持平衡（句4）；② 平衡, 平稳 （句5）。
【拓展】
keep / lose one’s balance保持/失去平衡
balanced adj. 平衡的
【即学即练】 翻译下面句子。
1. 他失去平衡，从自行车上掉了下来。
____________________________________________________________
2. 尽量保持工作和娱乐平衡。
____________________________________________________________
3. 你能单脚站立多久
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
balance
【自我归纳】平衡, 平稳
【即学即练】
1. He lost his balance and fell off his bicycle.
2. Try to keep a balance between work and play.
3. How long can you balance on one foot
limit
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳limit的意思及用法。
1. We must limit the speed of the cars in this busy street.
2. Families are limited to three free tickets each.
3. The teaching ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of English should not be limited to words and grammar.
4. There is a limit on / to the amount we can get done in two weeks.
5. The EU has set strict limits on / to levels of pollution.
6. Keep within the limits of the school grounds.
【自我归纳】
★ limit作动词时，意为“限制，限定（句1-句3）”，常与介词to搭配。
★ limit作名词时，意为：① 限度，限量，限额（句4-句5）；② 界限，范围（句6）。
【拓展】 limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限的
limitation n. 局限性，不足之处(可数)
time limit 期限，时间限制
without limit 无限地
【即学即练】 用limit的适当形式填空。
1. We ought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to put a strict ________ on the amount of money we can spend on the project.
2. It’s a good little car, but it has its ________.
3. There are only a ________ number of tickets available.
4. He ________ himself to two glasses of beer every day.
5. You can come and go when you want — without ________.
参考答案
limit
【即学即练】
1. limit 2. limitations 3. limited
4. limits 5. limits
benefit
【语境展示】 阅读下面句子，并试着归纳benefit的意思及用法。
1. I get no personal benefit from the business.
2. The new factory will be a great benefit to the town.
3. The system mainly benefited people in the south of the country.
4. Thousands of households could benefit under the plan.
5. Patients have benefited greatly from this treatment.
6. We benefited greatly by this heart-to-heart talk.
【自我归纳】 benefit既可作名词，也可作动词。
★ 作名词，意为“利益，好处”，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词（ 句1、句2）。
★ 既可作及物词，也可作不及物动词。作及 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )物动词，意为“使……受益”（ 句3）； 作不及物动词，意为“得益”（句4—句6），后常跟介词________（句5、句6）。
【拓展】
be of benefit to ... 对……有好处
for the benefit of ... 为了……的好处
beneficial adj. 有益的，有好处的
【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. 众所周知，运动有益于我们的健康。
As we all know, exercise ________ ________ ________.
2. 我的假期对我没有多大好处。
My holiday wasn’t ________ ________ ________ to me.
3. 我们得益于每天做操。
We ________ ________ daily exercises.
4. 她待在国外因生病而未得到多大好处。
Because of illne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss, she didn’t ________ ________ ________ ________ her stay abroad.
参考答案
benefit
【自我归纳】from / by
【即学即练】
1. benefits our ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )health 2. of much benefit 3. benefit from / by 4. get much benefit from
get away with
【语境展示】 阅读下面句子，并试着归纳get away with的意思及用法。
1. The thief got away with the money in the bank.
2. If you cheat in the exam you’ll never get away with it.
3. The child ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ought to be punished. You shouldn’t let him get away with telling lies!
4. Mark is alwa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ys late for work, and yet nothing is said to him; I don’t know how he gets away with it.
【自我归纳】get away ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with意为“偷走，偷携某物潜逃”（句1）；“________”（句2～句4）。get away with后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. Those who lie and cheat will never get away with it.
_______________________________________________
2. Don’t think you can get away with telling lies.
_______________________________________________
参考答案
get away with
【自我归纳】 被放过，（做坏事）不受惩罚
【即学即练】
1. 那些撒谎和欺骗别人的人绝对逃不过惩罚。
2. 不要以为你撒了谎就可以这样算了。SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. Wang Peng sat in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. (P10)
【分析】
① 本句是一个简单句。
② feeling very fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ustrated是动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语，句子主语Wang Peng与feel之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且feel所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
【句意】王鹏坐在他那动荡荡的餐馆里，感到很沮丧。
【仿写】我进来的时候，王浩正躺在床上看小说。
When I came in, Wang Hao __________________________________.
2. Something terr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did. (P10)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句是Something terrible must have happened，if引导条件状语从句。
③ must have happened是must have done结构，表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测，可译为“一定/准是……”。
④ 在if从句中又包含一个由as引导的________从句。
【句意】要是李昌不像往常那样到他店里吃饭，那问题一定严重了。
【仿写】要是戴维没像往常一样给他的母亲打电话,那一定是出事了。
____________________________________________________________
3. He could no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! (P10)
【分析】
① 这是一个简单句。
② 动词-ing形式短语gett ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing away with telling people lies作宾补。此处Yong Hui与get away with之间是逻辑上的________关系。
【句意】他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉。
【仿写】你可不能让孩子们整天在家里看书。
You could not have _______________ all day long.
4. At the library ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little. (P10)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② find后跟that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句中and后的成分补充完整为：_______________。
【句意】在图书馆，王鹏很惊讶地发现，他餐馆的食物脂肪含量太多，而雍慧餐馆的食物脂肪含量又太少。
5. Even though her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enough energy-giving food to keep them fit. (P10)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句是they were no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t eating enough energy-giving food to keep them fit, Even though引导________从句。
③ 主句中的动词不定式短语to keep them fit在句中作目的状语。
④ Even though引导的从句中，动词-ing形式短语eating Yong Hui’s food作介词after的宾语。
【句意】尽管顾客吃雍慧餐馆里的食物会变得苗条，但是他们摄取不到足够的热量来保持健康。
【仿写】尽管你干这些活可能不会挣到钱，但是你能得到宝贵的经验来提高自己。
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【仿写】 was lying in bed reading a novel
2.【分析】方式状语
【仿写】Something unpl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )easant must have happened to him if David didn’t call his mother as he always does.
3. 【分析】主谓
【仿写】children reading at home
4.【分析】Yong Hui’s restaurant served far too little fat
5.【分析】让步状语
【仿写】Even though y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou might not make money after doing the work, you could get valuable experience to improve yourself.GRAMMAR
情态动词（二）
【语境展示一】 观察下面图画，并试着归纳ought to与should的用法。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
【自我归纳一】
ought to 与should的意思大致相同，都表示 “义务、要求或劝告”，只是ought to比should的语气稍重一些。
【拓展一】
ought to的否定结构是oughtn’t to或ought not to。如：
You oughtn’t / ought not to leave in such a hurry.
【语境展示二】 观察下面图画，并试着归纳must与have to的用法。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
【自我归纳二】
must 与have to 都表示“必须”，但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to 表示的是客观需要，有“不得不”的含义。
【拓展二】
must的否定形式must not / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mustn’t 表示“不应该，不可以，不准，禁止”在回答must的问句时，否定式常用need not / needn’t或don’t have to 表示“不必”。如：
You must not drive without a license. It’s against the law.
—Must I eat here
—No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
【语境展示三】 观察下面图画，并试着归纳“情态动词+have done”结构的用法。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
【自我归纳三】
should have done ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 表示“本应该做而实际上没做”，其否定形式shouldn’t have done表示“________”；needn’t have done表示“过去不必做而实际上已经做了”；must have done 表示“过去一定做了”。
【拓展三】
1. could have done表示“过去本来能够做某事而实际上没有做”。如：
He could have escaped, but he chose to stand and fight.
2. may / might have d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one表示对已经发生过的情况的肯定推测，语气稍弱。might have done还可表示“本可能做某事而实际上没有做”。如：
Jane didn’t come on time. She may / might have missed the bus.
He might have given you more help, but he was very busy then.
【即学即练】
I. 选用方框内所给的情态动词填空。
must; oughtn’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t to; don’t have to; couldn’t; mustn’t; needn’t; can’t; have to
1. You ________ go on working because you look so tired now.
2. The weather turn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed out to be fine yesterday. I ________ have taken the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
3. Li Hua ________ pass an examination before he can start work.
4. You ________ come to the meeting if you’re too busy.
5. You ________ play now! You shall finish your homework first!
6. I know things ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are hard with you, but you ________ try to get over the difficulties.
7. I didn’t see h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er at the meeting this morning; she ________ have spoken at the meeting.
8. You ________ imagin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e what difficulty we had walking home in the snowstorm.
II. 根据汉语提示，将下列句子补充完整。
1. We ________ ________ ________ (本应该到达) at lunchtime but our flight was late.
2. Mark ________ ________ ________ (本不需要着急). After running all the way, he arrived ten minutes early.
3. The teacher did ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (本可以用不同的方式表达).
III. 从括号内选择合适的内容完成下面对话。
A husband (H) and wife (W) are driving to a party and are lost.
W: We’re lost. And ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we don’t even have a map. You 1. ________ (should take / should have taken) a map.
H: I didn’t think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) we were going to need one. I 2. ________ (must have made / should have made) a wrong turn.
W: Do we need to stop and ask for directions
H: No, we 3. ________ (mustn’t / don’t have to). We 4. ________ (can / must) use the cell phone and call the Allens and ask them how to get to their house.
W: OK.
H: Let’s see. I th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ought I had the cell phone in my pocket. I 5. ________ (can’t / ought to) find it. I 6. ________ (must leave / must have left) it at home.
W: No, You didn’t l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eave it at home. I’ve got it here in my purse. Oh, no. It is out of power. We 7. ________ (have to / may) look for a pay phone. Do you have any change
H: I just have dollar bills.
W: You 8. ________ (should have taken / must have taken) some change with you.
H: Oh, it’s my fault.
W: Watch out! You 9 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). ________ (might have hit / must have hit) that car.
H: I wasn’t going to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hit that car. I didn’t come anywhere close to it.
W: Anyway we 10. ________ (ought to / can) be careful.
参考答案
【自我归纳三】本不应该做而实际上做了
【即学即练】
I. 1. oughtn’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to 2. needn’t 3. has to 4. needn’t / don’t have to
5. mustn’t / oughtn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t to 6. must 7. couldn’t / can’t 8. can’t
II. 1. should have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arrived 2. needn’t have hurried 3. could have expressed it differently
III. 1. should have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )taken 2. must have made 3. don’t have to 4. can 5. can’t
6. must have left 7. have to 8. should have taken 9. might have hit 10. ought toREADING TASKS
Book 3 Unit 2
Pre-reading activities
Task I. What is your favourite food Why do you like it most
Task II. Make a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )list of healthy food and junk food, and then compare it with your partners.
Task III. Which do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you think is more important, to be slim or to be energetic Give your reasons to your partners.
While-reading activities
Task I. Read the text and fill in the blanks in the chart below.
Wang Peng’s restaurant Yong Hui’s restaurant
food and drink barbecued mutton ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kebabs, 1. ________ pork, stir-fried vegetables, fried rice, mutton, beef, bacon, cola, 2. ________ rice, 3. ________ vegetables, fruit, water
price low 4. ________
research discovery served too much 5. ________ served too little ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fat, including not enough energy-giving food, become 6. ________ quickly
signs making you feel fit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and energetic, offering you discounts, giving you 7. ________ all day making yourself 8. ________ again
Task II. Rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the text and put the following sentences in the correct order.
A. Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant.
B. Wang Peng went to the library to do some research.
C. Wang Peng wrote a new sign for his restaurant.
D. Wang Peng found no one came to his restaurant.
E. Yong Hui gave a menu to Wang Peng.
F. Wang Peng disc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )overed Yong Hui’s food did not provide enough energy.
G. Wang Peng greeted Li Chang but did not get any answer.
H. Wang Peng put down the menu and went outside quickly.
Task III. Read the text and find out the reasons for the results.
results reasons
1. Wang Peng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) felt puzzled. A. He wanted to ask him to come and eat.
2. Wang Peng thou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ght his Cola was good. B. He found the food was expensive.
3. Wang Peng cal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )led Li Chang. C. No one came to his restaurant.
4. Wang Peng foll ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owed Li Chang. D. He wanted to win back his customers.
5. Wang Peng was surprised. E. It was sugary and cold.
6. Wang Peng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )went to the library. F. He wanted to find out where Li Chang would eat.
7. Wang Peng wr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ote a new sign. G. He wanted to do some research about food.
Task IV. Write a summary of the text.
Post-reading activities
Task I. Imagine you ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e Wang Peng. Please tell your partners why you felt frustrated one morning according to the first Paragraph.
Task II. Write a d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ialogue between Wang Peng and Yong Hui talking about what Wang Peng has found in Yong Hui’s restaurant.
Task III. Di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )scussion. Read the words on the two signs and discuss which one is more attractive to customers.
参考答案
Pre-reading activities
Task I. 略
Task II．略
Task III．略
While-reading activities
Task I. 1. roast 2. ice cream 3. raw 4. high 5. fat 6. tired 7. energy 8. thin
Task II. D→ G→ A→ E→ H→ B→ F→ C
Task III. 1-C 2-E 3-A 4-F 5-B 6-G 7-D
Task IV.
Why wasn’t Wang Pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng’s restaurant full of people eating his fried meat and vegetables with helpings of ice cream and sugary cola as usual Wang Peng followed one of his customers to a new restaurant called Yong Hui’s Slimming Restaurant that promised to help people lose weight by eating less fat. Its thin hostess invited Wang Peng to come in and eat raw vegetables, fruit and water that cost more than the meals in his restaurant. Was his restaurant serving too much fat Wang Peng decided to do some research. He found that his restaurant did serve too much fat but he also found that Yong Hui’s served too little. Her customers might get thin but they would have no energy. Perhaps with lower prices and a new sign focusing on feeling fit and energetic he could get his customers back. The competition was on. (By Ray Cama)
Post-reading activities
Task I. 略
Task II．略
Task III．略
