GRAMMAR
同位语从句
【语境展示】 观察下面句子，并试着归纳同位语从句的用法要点。
1. There is a general belief that things will soon get better.
2. The fact that we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )didn’t win when we were so close is very disappointing.
3. There is not much hope that they are still alive.
4. There’s always a possibility that he might go back to Seattle.
5. The thought that I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) might not have a job next year is a bit troubling.
6. I made a promise that I wouldn’t tell anyone about that.
7. I’m not sure where ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) my necklace is, but I have a pretty good idea who took it.
8. She had her doubts whether he would help her.
9. She doesn’t have any idea where they’ve gone.
10. I have no idea why the television isn’t working.
11. Bob got t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he news from Mary that the sports meeting had been put off.
12. Word came that our duties would be changed.
【自我归纳】
在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句（句1-句12）。
一、 同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面，如belief, fact, hope, possibility, thought, promise, idea, doubt, news, word等，用以说明或解释该名词的具体内容（句1-句12）。
二、同位语从句通常由that引导， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that不在从句中充当成分，一般不能省略（句1-句16）；同位语从句也可以由________, whether, where, why等引导（句7-句10）。
三、同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所解释的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使整个句子的结构显得平衡（句11、句12）。
【拓展】
1. suggestion, or ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )der, request, requirement等表示建议、命令、要求等含义的名词后的同位语从句中谓语动词要用“should +动词原形”，其中should可以省略。如：
They didn’t like my suggestion that we (should) all share the cost.
He gave orders that the work (should) be started immediately.
She left her addres ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s with a request that any mail (should) be sent on to her.
It is a le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gal requirement that you (should) have insurance for your car.
2. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句相当于名词，与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )其说明的名词是等同关系，即说明它前面的名词的内容；而定语从句的作用相当于一个形容词，与它的先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，即限定它前面的名词的内容，或加以补充说明。如：
The news that Madge had died took everyone by surprise. （同位语从句）
The news that we heard just now is encouraging. （定语从句）
引导同位语从句的that是一个连词，在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句中不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语等。如：
This evidence suppo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rts the view that there is too much violence on television.（同位语从句）
The views that ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e expressed in this book are purely those of the author. （定语从句）
【即学即练】
I. 用适当的连词填空。
1. Word came ________ a new teaching building would be built in our school next year.
2. Where did you g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et the idea ________ Mr. Li would come to our office to work with us
3. The fact ________ girls study harder than boys in our class is clear to us all.
4. I’ve got a feeling ________ one day that boy will be famous.
5. The question ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ is responsible for the accident has not been settled.
6. I have some doubt ________ Jack really knows me.
II. 用适当的连接词补全下面的对话。
Jack: Tom, I’ve hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd the news 1. ________ you won first prize in the Chinese Speech Contest. Congratulations!
Tom: Thanks a lot. I'm really excited.
Jack: I’d like to ask you why you chose to study Chinese.
Tom: When I was a boy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), I often listened to Chinese stories. I had a dream 2. ________ I would come to China when I grew up.
Jack: Now it’s a dream come true.
Tom: Yes. And ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you can see the fact 3. ________ China has changed a lot. It is developing so fast that people around the world hold the belief 4. ________ it will be the centre of the world. Many people are eager to learn more about China.
Jack: That’s why you’re majoring in Chinese here？
Tom: Yes. But what’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s more important, I now have the idea 5. ________ I’ll return to my hometown and teach Chinese there.
Jack: It’s a great ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )idea. I’m sure a lot of people would like to learn Chinese, but there’s some doubt about 6. ________ or not Chinese is as easy as English.
Tom: Remember the sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ying 7. ________ where there’s a will, there is a way.
III. 用适当的连接词填空。
The following are comm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents by a resident (居民), a fire officer and a climate expert about a recent flood.
Resident：Nobody th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ought 1. ________ flooding this bad would happen again, but as the river level rose, we had to face the fact 2. ________ we’d have to leave our homes. Personally, I think fire officers should be held wholly responsible. 3. ________ it has been raining heavily here for five days should have warned them that a flood was coming. They should have been better prepared to help us.
Fire officer: I don ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t think 4. ________ many residents said is fair. Today is a public holiday. This is 5. ________ many of our staff weren’t here to help with the rescue. However, we warned residents yesterday 6. ________ they might have to leave their houses with little notice. However, 7. ________ made the evacuation (疏散) difficult was that they wanted to take large amounts of personal belongings with them. I have no idea 8. ________ residents just think it’s all our fire officers’ fault.
Climate change exper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t: We hold the belief 9. ________ climate change is going to increase the risk of flooding, and a number of studies have suggested 10. ________ winter river levels throughout the country will be much higher than in the past. Unfortunately, the situation in this area is worsened by the fact 11. ________ so many trees have been cut down on the hills around here and rainwater flows more quickly into the rivers. So there’s a real possibility 12. ________ serious flooding could now happen here every winter.
参考答案
【自我归纳】who
【即学即练】
I. 1. that 2. that 3. that 4. that 5. who 6. whether
II. 1. that 2. that 3. that 4. that 5. that 6. whether 7. that
III. 1. that 2. th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at 3. That 4. what 5. why 6. that 7. what 8. why 9. that
10. that 11. that 12. thatWORDS & EXPRESSIONS
measure
【语境展示】 阅读下面句子，并试着归纳measure的意思及用法。
1. We measured th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e room and found it was 20 feet long and 15 feet wide.
2. It’s hard to measure his ability when we haven’t seen his work.
3. The tablecloth measures 18 by 20 feet.
4. The metre is a measure of length.
5. We must take measures to protect the local water supplies.
【自我归纳】 measure既可作动词，也可作名词。
★作及物动词时，意为：①________（句1）；②衡量，判定（句2）。作不及物动词，意为“（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为”（句3）。
★作名词时，意为：①计量单位（句4）；②措施 （常用于take measures to do sth. 结构）（句5）。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 政府已答应采取措施援助那些人。
____________________________________________________________
2. 小时是时间的量度单位。
____________________________________________________________
3. 那棵老树从地面到树梢至少有30米。
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
measure
【自我归纳】 测量
【即学即练】
1. The government ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s promised to take measures to help those people.
2. An hour is a measure of time.
3. That old tree measures at least 30 metres from top to bottom.
confirm
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳confirm的意思。
1. Research has confirmed that the risk is higher for women.
2. I am calling ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to confirm a booking for a single room for the night of 6 August.
3. The latest information confirms my belief that Tom is to blame.
4. Smith was confirmed as the club’s new manager yesterday.
【自我归纳】confirm是动词，意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：①(尤指提供证据来)证实，证明，确认(句1-句2)；②使感觉更强烈，使确信(句3)；③批准(职位、协议等)(句4) (常见搭配：be confirmed as)。
【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下列句子(每空一词)。
1. 已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。
It ________ ________ ________ ________ the meeting will take place next week.
2. 格林先生被当地政府任命为这所学校的校长。
Mr. Green ________ ________ ________ ________ of this school by the local government.
参考答案
confirm
【即学即练】
1. has been confirmed that
2. was confirmed as headmaster
impress
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳impress的意思及用法。
1. The film we saw last night impressed me very much.
2. We were d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eeply impressed by / at / with his words at the opening meeting.
3. His words are strongly impressed on my memory / mind.
4. I often impress u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pon / on my students the importance of studying Chinese.
【自我归纳】impress作动词，可意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为“给……留下深刻印象，使印象深刻，使铭记”（句1-句3），常用于以下结构：impress sb.（句1），be impressed by / at / with（句2），sth. be impressed on one’s memory / mind（句3）；也可意为“使意识到（重要性或严重性等）”，常用于impress upon / on sb. sth.（句4）结构。
【拓展】impression n. 印象
make / leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. When I first met ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Miss Li, her sense of humor ____________ (给我留下了印象).
2. He ____________ (使我们认识到) the need for immediate action.
参考答案
impress
【即学即练】
1. impressed me 或left / made an impression on me
2. impressed upon / on us
settle down
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并从a-d中找出与1-4中的settle down相符合的释义。
1. Shh! Settle down please! Now turn to page 57.
2. I’ve been try ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing to read this book all day, but somehow I can’t settle down to it.
3. My sister settled down in an armchair to watch television.
4. The Browns ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have lived in several parts in England, but I think they intend settling down in Cambridge.
a. （在某地）定居下来，过安定的生活 b. （使）安静下来，平静下来 c. 开始专心于
d. 舒服地坐着或躺着
【自我归纳】settle down ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在以上各句中的意思分别为：1→________；2→________；3→________；4→________。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. When are you going to get married and settle down
____________________________________________________________
2. She settled down in the back of the car and fell asleep quickly.
____________________________________________________________
3. Wait until the children settle down before you start the lesson.
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
settle down
【自我归纳】1-4 bcda
【即学即练】
1. 你打算什么时候成家，安定下来？
2. 她舒服地坐在汽车后座上，很快就睡着了。
3. 等学生都静下心来再开始上课。READING TASKS
Book 3 Unit 5
Pre-reading activities
Task I. Do you like travelling What can you gain by travelling
Task II. What kind of transportation do you choose and why
Task III. Say something about Canada.
While-reading activities
Task I. Read the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )text and fill in the blanks in the chart. Try to understand what they saw when they were travelling across the continent from west to east.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Task II. Rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the text and fill in the blanks. There are two more options.
the Rocky Mountai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns, Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto, the Great Lakes, Montreal, Lake Superior, “The True North”
1. Li Daiyu went to Canada to visit her cousins living in ________.
2. There trip in Canada started from ________.
3. The train they took to cross Canada is called ________.
4. In Vancouver, you can go skiing in ________.
5. Possibly you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )can win a lot of money by riding wild horses in ________.
6. In Canada, most of the fresh water is in ________.
Task III. Read th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e text and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
1. Li Daiyu, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her cousin and Danny Lin chose to take the train to cross Canada from west to east.
2. They could see more great scenery if they travelled by plane.
3. The distance from west to east in Canada is 5, 500 km.
4. In Vancouver ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the population is growing slowly because many people are moving away.
5. It is common for pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople to see some wild animals in the Rocky Mountains.
6. The girls were surprised to see that Canada is so empty.
7. It is impossible for ocean ships to sail up the Great Lakes.
8. In the world, C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anada is the country that has the most fresh water.
Task IV. Write a summary of the text.
Post-reading activities
Task I. Make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a dialogue between Li Daiyu and Liu Qian talking about what they saw on their way from Vancouver to Calgary.
Task II. Rew ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rite the text from the first person point of view, describing what you experience in Canada.
Task III. Discussi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on. What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by train to a distant place
参考答案
Pre-reading activities
Task I. 略
Task II．略
Task III．略
While-reading activities
Task I. 1. mountain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s 2. trees 3. goats 4. eagle 5. Cowboys 6. Thunder Bay
7. ships 8. Toronto
Task II. 1. Montreal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 2. Vancouver 3. “The True North” 4. the Rocky Mountains 5. Calgary
6. the Great Lakes
Task III. 1-5 TFTFT 6-8 TFT
Task IV.
Rather than take a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )plane to visit their cousins in Montreal, Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian decided to fly to Vancouver first and then take “The True North” train right across the whole of Canada. Their friend Danny Lin met them at the airport and took them to the station. As the train traveled eastward over the Rocky Mountains, they saw mountain goats, a grizzly bear and an eagle. After two days, they realized how empty Canada was as its population is only a little over 30 million and most live only a few hundred kilometers from the US boarder. Later they saw ocean ships sailing up the Great lakes and learned that because of the lakes a third of the world’s fresh water is in Canada. While they slept the train rushed through great forests towards Toronto. (By Ray Cama)
Post-reading activities
Task I. 略
Task II．略
Task III．略SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. Some people h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. (P34)
【分析】
① 本句是一个由but连接的并列复合句。
② 第一个分句包含一个同位语从句th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at you can cross Canada in less than five days，解释说明idea的具体内容。
③ 第二个分句也含有一个同位语从句t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast，解释说明________的具体内容。
【句意】有人想在不到五天的时间里穿越加拿大，他们忘了加拿大从东海岸到西海岸共有5500公里。
【仿写】玛丽相信她弟弟一定会通过考试，但她却忘了他有时很粗心。
____________________________________________________________
2. Skiing in the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make Vancouver one of Canada’s most popular cities to live in. (P34)
【分析】
① 本句是一个简单句。
② 本句结构是：主语（Skiing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour） + 谓语（make） + 宾语（Vancouver） + 宾语补足语（one of Canada’s most popular cities to live
in）。
③ 本句用两个并列的动词-ing形 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )式短语（Skiing in the Rocky Mountains和sailing in the harbour）作主语。在宾语补足语中，动词不定式to live in作后置定语，修饰________。
【句意】落基山脉可以滑雪，海港供你扬帆，这些使得温哥华成为加拿大最受欢迎的居住城市之一。
【仿写】打篮球和唱歌是我的爱好。
____________________________________________________________
3. It is so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. (P34)
【分析】
① 本句中使用了so ... that ... 结构，that后跟________从句。
② some measuring over 90 metres是独立主格结构，其中some是measuring的逻辑主语。
【句意】那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。
【仿写】演出如此精彩，以致于所有观众都鼓掌，一些甚至站起来了。
____________________________________________________________
4. At school, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and that Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. (P34)
【分析】
① 本句是一个由________连接的并列复合句。
② 前一分句是一个复合句，主句是they had learned，后跟两个由and连接的宾语从句。
③ 后一个分句是一个简单句，句子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的主干是they were amazed，to see such an empty country是不定式短语作状语。
【句意】她们在学校学过，大多数加拿 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )大人居住在靠近美国几百公里以内的边境地带，加拿大的人口也只有三千万多一点儿，但是现在看到这么空旷的国家，她们很惊讶。
【仿写】我听说过，这个村子离镇上很远，村民的生活很艰难，但是现在看到这么贫穷的地方，我很惊讶。
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【分析】fact
【仿写】Mary had no do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ubt that her brother would pass the examination, but she forgot the fact that he was sometimes very careless.
2.【分析】cities
【仿写】Playing basketball and singing are my hobbies.
3.【分析】结果状语
【仿写】The performan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce was so good that the audience all clapped their hands, some even standing up.
4.【分析】but
【仿写】I have heard th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at the village is very far away from the town, and villagers live a very hard life, but now I am amazed to see such a poor place.
