译林版(2019)必修第一册Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage 八大句子成分 课件(共42张PPT)

(共42张PPT)
句子成分
句子
1.主语
2.谓语
3.宾语
4.宾语补足语
5.表语
6.定语
7.状语
8.同位语
*但是具体来分，一个句子可分为以下各种成分：
（一）主语
I'm the head of the family, so people call me “the subject”.
我是一家之主，我做主语。
主语
The sun rises in the east.
I am the head of the family.
Seeing is believing.
To say is one thing, and to do is another.
Two in distress makes the sorrow less.
6.----What makes you so upset.
----- Losing the wallet.
7.What he said impressed me a lot.
8. What to do next is not decided.
代词
动名词
不定式
数词
从句
主语：放句首。
名词
疑问词
疑问词+不定式
动名词
练习题1：找出下列句中的主语并说出是由什么来充当的
1.We wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us .
2.Whether you don't like him is none of my business .
3.They live on a busy street . It must be very noisy .
4. There are some boys and girls on the playground .
5. To say it is easier than to do it .
( 代词)
( 主语从句)
( 代词) ( 代词)
(名词)
( 不定式短语)
6. It is possible to fly to the moon by spaceship .
7.My brother gave me two books . The first was a novel.
8. Skating is good exercise .
9. How to do it well is an important question .
不定式短语
( 名词)
(数词)
( 动名词)
( 带疑问词的不定式短语)
Without me, without home.
I'm the most important one.
没有我就没有家，我是最重要的谓语动词。
谓语动词
（二）谓语
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag.
He looked after me.
复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She hasn’t received the e-mail yet.
系动词
The report is very interesting.
saw
looked after
can speak
hasn’t received
谓语：主语之后，由动词担任
is
练习2： 选出句中谓语
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't like B. like
C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get B. longer
C. days D. summer
③ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting
C. the library D. afternoon
Object 宾语
Let's call it ”object”.
What's his name
（三）宾语
I'm the object. I always follow my mom.
我叫宾语。我是妈妈生的，所以老跟在妈妈后面。
宾语
宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词和介词之后。
例:老师把灯关了.
The teacher turned off the lights.
介宾
例:他们将不会伤害我们.
They won’t hurt us.
动宾
例:他在上个星期放弃吸烟了.
He gave up smoking last week.
介宾
宾语
动宾
介宾
宾语：放在动词、介词之后
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
如：Give me a cup of tea, please.
若直接宾语提前,这时需要在间接宾语之前加上"to " 或" for " ;
补充跟双宾的动词
（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach,tell,write,ask,owe,throw,serve,throw，award等。
（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, book,choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save,spare,fetch,pick,prepare,fix,paint,leave等。
练习3：挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② :You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
③ How many new words did you learn last class
④Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you
⑤The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑥They made him monitor of the class.
⑦ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑧ You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑨ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
My mom asks my grandma to take care of me. So we call her “Objective complement”.
妈妈忙不过来了，所以就请了位奶奶专门照看我，给家里补充个帮手,奶奶就叫宾补。
宾补
（四）宾语补足语
She asked the baby to stop crying.
谓语
宾语
宾语补足语
宾补：常见于固搭中
动词 +宾+宾补/ with +宾+宾补/其它结构
动词+宾语+宾补
1.find+宾语+形容词 She finds Jack very honest.
2.find+宾语+名词 We have found him a good boy.
3.find+宾语+副词 I went to her house but I found her out.
4.find+宾语+介词短语 When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.
5.find+宾语+现在分词 I found her watching TV.
6.find+宾语+过去分词 He found the door locked.
7.find+宾语+不定式 They find the Chinese people to be cheerful.
with+宾语+宾补
1.with+宾语+形容词 With the windows open, the room was very cold.
2. with+宾语+副词 The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.
3.with+宾语+介词短语 The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
4.with+宾语+名词 They set up a football team with Tom their head.
5.with+宾语+不定式 With a lot of homework to do, I can’t go out to play.
6.with+宾语+现在分词 With the teacher standing beside, she felt nervous.
7.with+宾语+过去分词 With the work done, she could have a rest.
其它结构
advise sb. to do sth. leave sb. to do sth. allow sb. to do sth. like sb. to do sth. warn sb. to do sth. invite sb. to do sth.
mean sb. to do sth. bear sb. to do sth. need sb. to do sth. beg sb. to do sth. oblige sb. to do sth. cause sb. to do sth. order sb. to do mand sb. to do sth. permit sb. to do sth. drive sb. to do sth. persuade sb. to do sth. elect sb. to do sth.
prefer sb. to do sth. encourage sb. to do sth. request sb. to do sth. expect sb. to do sth. wish sb. to do sth. intend sb. to do sth.
remind sb. to do sth. forbid sb. to do sth. teach sb. to do sth. force sb. to do sth. tell sb. to do sth. get sb. to do sth. train sb. to do sth. hate sb. to do sth. want sb. to do sth.
trouble sb. to do sth. help sb. to do sth.
1. ask sb to do sth 结构
feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事
hear sb. do sth. 听某人做某事 look at sb. do sth. 看站某人做某事
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 notice sb. do sth. 注意某人休息某事
observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事 watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事
look at sb. doing sth看着某人正在做某事
catch sb. doing sth 碰上某人正在做某事
notice sb. doing sth注意到某人正在做某事
discover sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
observe sb. doing sth观察某人正在做某事
feel sb. doing sth 感觉某人正在做某事
find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
hear sb. doing sth 听见某人正在做某事
watch sb. doing sth 观看某人正在做某事
listen to sb. doing sth 听某人正在做某事
2.see sb do sth
3.see sb doing sth
make ……done 使…被 have …… done 使…被…
get …… done 使…被 leave …… done 使…被
see …… done 看见…被 watch …… done 看见…被
look at …… done 看见…被 find …… done 发现…被
hear …… done 听见…被 listen to …… done 听见…被
feel …… done 感觉…被
send sb. doing sth 使某人(突然)做某事
set sb. doing sth 使(引起) 某人做某事
keep sb. doing sth 使某人不停地做某事
stop sb. doing sth 阻止某人做某事
prevent sb. doing sth 阻止某人做某事
get sb/sth doing sth. 使… 一直做某事
leave sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事
4. see sth. done
练习4：挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She found it difficult to do the work.
② They call me Lily sometimes.
③ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
④ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now
⑤ I have never heard this song sung so sweetly.
⑥ The boy stood there with his head down.
⑦ We found the rumor to be true.
⑧ The earthquake left him an orphan.
My dad should listen to grandpa. So we call him “Predicative”.
在家里爸爸是主语，但是爸爸是爷爷的儿子，他们关系特别紧密。
表语
（五）表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语
常见的系动词有:
1. be动词：am, is, are, were, was;
2.表变化类：get, grow, turn, become, go ,fall,get,come,run;
3. 感官动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, look;
4.表像类的动词：seem，appear，look；
5.持续系动词：keep,remain, stay, lie, stand;
6.终止系动词：turn out, prove;
表语：放在系动词之后
练习5：找出下列句中的表语并说出是由什么来充当的：
He is a teacher. ( )
My idea is this.( )
She was the first to arrive.( )
I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( )
He is out of danger.( )
The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( )
What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( )
8.His job is to teach English.（ ）
9. Our work is serving the people.（ ）
名词
代词
数词
表语从句
形容词/副词
介词短语
分词
不定式
动名词
My father bought a nice red car.
主语
谓语
宾语
定语
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词
（六）定语
前置定语：形容词、名词、数词、代词、名词所有格、单个分词。
后置定语：副词、介词短语、分词短语、句子。
The girl in red is his sister. （后置定语）
Do you know the man who shopped just now （后置定语）
she is a nice sister. （前置定语）
A: 形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.
B: 数词作定语：
Two boys need two pens.
C: 代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom’s pen.
D: 介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.
E:名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen.
定语
F: 副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen.
The best boy here is Tom.
G: 不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
There is nothing to do today.
H: 分词（短语）作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.
The pen bought by her is made in China.
I: 定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.
The boy(who) you will know is Tom.
定语
练习6：挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.
② What is your given name
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。
１.表时间：yesterday, today, tomorrow…
Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow
2.表地点：in China, at the airport…
I saw a student in the classroom.
（七）状语
3.表原因: because, as, for, since…
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.
４.表结果：to+do, v+ing, so/such......that
从句
The boy fell off the tree, striking his head
against the ground.
5.表目的:in order to, in order that,
for the purpose of
In order to get into a better school, I must
study even harder .
6.表条件: as/so long as, if, unless,
As long as you study hard, you can get a
high mark.
7.表让步: in spite of, despite, although,
though
He helped me although he didn’t know me.
8.表程度: very, enough, to some extent…
The scenery there is very beautiful.
9.表方式: like that, as, as if…
Don’t look at me like that!
10.表伴随状况：
The teacher came into the classroom,
catching a book in his hand.
练习7：挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。
This is Jason ,
The news worries us.（同从）
my idol.
that he is ill
同位语：进一步解释名词\代词
（八）同位语
常接同位语从句的名词
fact，news, promise, decision, idea, truth, advice, hope, suhhestion, question , doubt, belief, information, message, possibility, decision, thought, proposal, request, command 等。
Let's sum up 总结八大句子成分
主语
谓语
宾补
宾语
表语
定语
状语
同位语
原句：Lisa is dancing.
Lisa is dancing now.
Lisa is dancing with her partners now.
Lisa is dancing with her professional partners now.
Lisa is dancing with her professional partners in the stage now.
Lisa is dancing with her professional partners in the stage which has been decorated beautifully now.
感受一下
（加时间状语）
（加伴随状语）
（加定语）
（加地点状语）
（加定语从句）
Homework：
1.用定状扩句：My father watches TV.
2. 完成句子成分判断的练习题
1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .
2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .
3. That was how they were defeated.
4.The nursery takes good care of our children .
5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .
6.We are sure that we shall succeed .
7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other . 8.There are many film that I’d like to see.
9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking
10.I have a lot of work to do .
You’re gonna make it!!!
Thank you!