外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature Understanding ideas课件 (共27张PPT)
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature Understanding ideas课件 (共27张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 15.0MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-10-11 15:30:15 | ||
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文档简介
(共27张PPT)
Unit 5 Understanding ideas
A Journey of Discovery
发现之旅
阅读课件
To talk about the information of Charles Darwin.
To skim the main idea of each paragraph and the text.
To read the main events in sequential/chronological order.
To learn about the spirit of scientific exploration.
Learning objectives
Questions:
Do you know the man in the books
What do you know about him
Yes. Charles Darwin.
He is an English geologist and naturalist. His famous book On the Origin of Species, has attracted worldwide attention.
Pre-reading
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was an English geologist and naturalist. In his famous book On the Origin of Species, Darwin proposed the theory that organisms evolve extremely slowly. He stated that the organisms that were better suited to their environments would survive and pass on their favourable characteristics to the next generations, while the less suitable organisms would gradually die out. He called this process “natural selection”.
查尔斯·达尔文(1809-1882)是一位英国地质学家和博物学家。 在他的名著《物种起源》中，达尔文提出了生物进化极其缓慢的理论。 他说，更适合环境的生物将生存下来，并将其有利的特征传给下一代，而不太适合的生物将逐渐灭绝。 他把这个过程称为“自然选择”。
Charles Darwin and his Theory of Evolution
Look and answer:
What species do you recognise in the picture
Paramecium, earthworm, snail, crab, fish, tortoise, bird, horse, human, frog, algae, moss, fern...
The ever-changing environment of nature
environmental changes
population immigration
genetic mutation
cultural preferences...
What factors can cause the process of evolution
evolutionary
tree
Read the passage and talk about your understanding of the title.
While-reading
Most commonly, people believe that a journey means a trip from one place to another, especially over a long distance and literarily a journey refers to the process by which something gradually changes and develops. The title may indicate that Darwin's research work leading to his discovery of evolution and the origin of species took quite a long time and great efforts, determination and courage to achieve.
最常见的是，人们认为旅行是指从一个地方到另一个地方的旅行，尤其是长途旅行，从文学上讲，旅行指的是事物逐渐变化和发展的过程。 这个标题可能表明达尔文的研究工作导致了他的进化和物种起源的发现，花费了相当长的时间和巨大的努力，决心和勇气。
The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到父亲的来信，信中预言他将会成为 “你自己和你全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。
Main idea: Darwin was not the captain’s first choice but his adventures on the Beagle led to one of the most importnat scientific discoveries of all time.
Skimming for the main idea of each paragraph.
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist
这个受到质疑的年轻人就是地质学家和自然学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这次旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的
Main idea: Darwin began his journey.
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.
当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够激励达尔文去寻求更多证据。
Main idea: Darwin began to think differently.
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands. It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。
Main idea: Some bird on the Galápagos Islands interested Darwin.
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species. And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors.
达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是由共同的祖先进化而来的。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛，随着时间的推移，慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。
Main idea: Darwin suspected that the birds evloved from
earlier ancestors.
It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. They were shocked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.
这是一个全新的观点—进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论。这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人类在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。
Main idea: More and more people started to believe Darwin’s theory of evolution.
Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。
Main idea: On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written.
Skimming for the main idea of the text.
1 Darwin’s interest in various living things made him a great naturalist.
2 Darwin’s journey on the Beagle inspired his Theory of Evolution.
3 Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.
This passage is a narrative essay, in which Darwin’s journey of discovery is described in chronological order. This kind of essay is usually used to tell about a specific person or event. So it’s convenient to present all the facts from earlier to the later and it’s more understandable for the readers.
Step 1. The beginning of the story
Step 2. The main events in sequential/chronological order
Step 3. The ending of the story
Remember: Don’t jump from one thing to another in the past but move in sequential order.
Order the puzzle pieces and complete.
1
2
3
4
5
very similar to each other
come to exist
Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
1
2
various living things in their natural environments and samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
slowly evolved into many new species.
had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before
had evolved from lower forms of life
had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.
3
4
5
Try to retell the story:
On his journey
Generate ideas
Look for more evidence
Develop ideas
Propose a theory
Discuss:
Why did Darwin not publish his Theory of Evolution until
1859, about twenty years after his discovery
1 Why were many people “shocked” by Darwin’s theory
2 What kind of person was Darwin according to the passage
At that time, many people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time and had not changed since, but Darwin’s theory proposed that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life, which, as a result, shocked many people.
Darwin was a determined man. He had strong curiosity and interests in science and was good at thinking and making discoveries.
Post-reading
Think and share
3 How do you think the human species will evolve in the future
This is an open topic. There have been some evolution in the history of human beings, such as humans in the most primitive time, belong to a small monkey primate, and in the age of dinosaurs, it is a mammal similar to mice. This history proves that human beings are constantly evolving. The future itself has great uncertainty, and the historical development of human beings has also proved this, but some human commonalities can let me see some human future changes, and scientists can further study and simulate the appearance of future people through these commonalities.
这是一个开放的话题。 在人类的历史上曾经有过一些进化，比如人类在最原始的时候，属于一种小猴灵长类动物，而在恐龙时代，是一种类似老鼠的哺乳动物。 这段历史证明，人类是不断进化的。 未来本身有很大的不确定性，人类的历史发展也证明了这一点，但是人类的一些共性可以让我看到人类未来的一些变化，科学家可以通过这些共性进一步研究和模拟未来人的样子。
4 What have you learnt about the spirit of scientific exploration
How can this spirit help you in your life and studies
This is also an open topic. ①Dare to question Scientific exploration requires a spirit of questioning. Only a mind that often doubts and asks questions has a problem, and only when it has a problem does it seek an answer, and a scientific theory is established. Let us also have this spirit, for it is indispensable to scientific exploration, and let us remember the famous saying of Mencius, "It is better to believe in books than to have no books." ②Seek truth from facts The spirit of seeking truth from facts is very important in the process of scientific exploration, scientific imagination needs to be supported by evidence, and is not groundless. Therefore, the spirit of seeking truth from facts is indispensable not only for academic research, but also for dealing with today's world environment. We need to cultivate that spirit.
③Rigorous attitude Scientific inquiry requires scientific rigor. It is necessary to dare to challenge existing scientific theories and bravely raise doubts, but such doubts are not fanciful or groundless, but need rigorous experiments as a basis.
这也是一个开放的话题。①敢于质疑 科学探索需要一种质疑的精神。只有常常怀疑、常常发问的脑筋才有问题，有问题才想求解答，科学的理论也就确立。我们也要有这种精神，因为这是科学探索所不可缺少的。我们要记住孟子的那句名言:“尽信书则不如无书”②实事求是 实事求是的精神在科学探索的过程中是非常重要的，科学的想象需要有证据支持，并不是没有根据的。因此，无论是学术研究，还是应对当今世界环境，都离不开实事求是的精神。我们需要培养这种精神。③态度严谨 科学探究需要科学的严谨性。要敢于挑战现有的科学理论，勇敢地提出质疑，但这样的质疑不是空穴来风、毫无根据的，而是需要严谨的实验作为依据。
Read the passage and try to further understand Darwin's theory of evolution.
Homework
Unit 5 Understanding ideas
A Journey of Discovery
发现之旅
阅读课件
To talk about the information of Charles Darwin.
To skim the main idea of each paragraph and the text.
To read the main events in sequential/chronological order.
To learn about the spirit of scientific exploration.
Learning objectives
Questions:
Do you know the man in the books
What do you know about him
Yes. Charles Darwin.
He is an English geologist and naturalist. His famous book On the Origin of Species, has attracted worldwide attention.
Pre-reading
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was an English geologist and naturalist. In his famous book On the Origin of Species, Darwin proposed the theory that organisms evolve extremely slowly. He stated that the organisms that were better suited to their environments would survive and pass on their favourable characteristics to the next generations, while the less suitable organisms would gradually die out. He called this process “natural selection”.
查尔斯·达尔文(1809-1882)是一位英国地质学家和博物学家。 在他的名著《物种起源》中，达尔文提出了生物进化极其缓慢的理论。 他说，更适合环境的生物将生存下来，并将其有利的特征传给下一代，而不太适合的生物将逐渐灭绝。 他把这个过程称为“自然选择”。
Charles Darwin and his Theory of Evolution
Look and answer:
What species do you recognise in the picture
Paramecium, earthworm, snail, crab, fish, tortoise, bird, horse, human, frog, algae, moss, fern...
The ever-changing environment of nature
environmental changes
population immigration
genetic mutation
cultural preferences...
What factors can cause the process of evolution
evolutionary
tree
Read the passage and talk about your understanding of the title.
While-reading
Most commonly, people believe that a journey means a trip from one place to another, especially over a long distance and literarily a journey refers to the process by which something gradually changes and develops. The title may indicate that Darwin's research work leading to his discovery of evolution and the origin of species took quite a long time and great efforts, determination and courage to achieve.
最常见的是，人们认为旅行是指从一个地方到另一个地方的旅行，尤其是长途旅行，从文学上讲，旅行指的是事物逐渐变化和发展的过程。 这个标题可能表明达尔文的研究工作导致了他的进化和物种起源的发现，花费了相当长的时间和巨大的努力，决心和勇气。
The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到父亲的来信，信中预言他将会成为 “你自己和你全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。
Main idea: Darwin was not the captain’s first choice but his adventures on the Beagle led to one of the most importnat scientific discoveries of all time.
Skimming for the main idea of each paragraph.
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist
这个受到质疑的年轻人就是地质学家和自然学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这次旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的
Main idea: Darwin began his journey.
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.
当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够激励达尔文去寻求更多证据。
Main idea: Darwin began to think differently.
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands. It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。
Main idea: Some bird on the Galápagos Islands interested Darwin.
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species. And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors.
达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是由共同的祖先进化而来的。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛，随着时间的推移，慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。
Main idea: Darwin suspected that the birds evloved from
earlier ancestors.
It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. They were shocked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.
这是一个全新的观点—进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论。这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人类在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。
Main idea: More and more people started to believe Darwin’s theory of evolution.
Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。
Main idea: On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written.
Skimming for the main idea of the text.
1 Darwin’s interest in various living things made him a great naturalist.
2 Darwin’s journey on the Beagle inspired his Theory of Evolution.
3 Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.
This passage is a narrative essay, in which Darwin’s journey of discovery is described in chronological order. This kind of essay is usually used to tell about a specific person or event. So it’s convenient to present all the facts from earlier to the later and it’s more understandable for the readers.
Step 1. The beginning of the story
Step 2. The main events in sequential/chronological order
Step 3. The ending of the story
Remember: Don’t jump from one thing to another in the past but move in sequential order.
Order the puzzle pieces and complete.
1
2
3
4
5
very similar to each other
come to exist
Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
1
2
various living things in their natural environments and samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
slowly evolved into many new species.
had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before
had evolved from lower forms of life
had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.
3
4
5
Try to retell the story:
On his journey
Generate ideas
Look for more evidence
Develop ideas
Propose a theory
Discuss:
Why did Darwin not publish his Theory of Evolution until
1859, about twenty years after his discovery
1 Why were many people “shocked” by Darwin’s theory
2 What kind of person was Darwin according to the passage
At that time, many people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time and had not changed since, but Darwin’s theory proposed that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life, which, as a result, shocked many people.
Darwin was a determined man. He had strong curiosity and interests in science and was good at thinking and making discoveries.
Post-reading
Think and share
3 How do you think the human species will evolve in the future
This is an open topic. There have been some evolution in the history of human beings, such as humans in the most primitive time, belong to a small monkey primate, and in the age of dinosaurs, it is a mammal similar to mice. This history proves that human beings are constantly evolving. The future itself has great uncertainty, and the historical development of human beings has also proved this, but some human commonalities can let me see some human future changes, and scientists can further study and simulate the appearance of future people through these commonalities.
这是一个开放的话题。 在人类的历史上曾经有过一些进化，比如人类在最原始的时候，属于一种小猴灵长类动物，而在恐龙时代，是一种类似老鼠的哺乳动物。 这段历史证明，人类是不断进化的。 未来本身有很大的不确定性，人类的历史发展也证明了这一点，但是人类的一些共性可以让我看到人类未来的一些变化，科学家可以通过这些共性进一步研究和模拟未来人的样子。
4 What have you learnt about the spirit of scientific exploration
How can this spirit help you in your life and studies
This is also an open topic. ①Dare to question Scientific exploration requires a spirit of questioning. Only a mind that often doubts and asks questions has a problem, and only when it has a problem does it seek an answer, and a scientific theory is established. Let us also have this spirit, for it is indispensable to scientific exploration, and let us remember the famous saying of Mencius, "It is better to believe in books than to have no books." ②Seek truth from facts The spirit of seeking truth from facts is very important in the process of scientific exploration, scientific imagination needs to be supported by evidence, and is not groundless. Therefore, the spirit of seeking truth from facts is indispensable not only for academic research, but also for dealing with today's world environment. We need to cultivate that spirit.
③Rigorous attitude Scientific inquiry requires scientific rigor. It is necessary to dare to challenge existing scientific theories and bravely raise doubts, but such doubts are not fanciful or groundless, but need rigorous experiments as a basis.
这也是一个开放的话题。①敢于质疑 科学探索需要一种质疑的精神。只有常常怀疑、常常发问的脑筋才有问题，有问题才想求解答，科学的理论也就确立。我们也要有这种精神，因为这是科学探索所不可缺少的。我们要记住孟子的那句名言:“尽信书则不如无书”②实事求是 实事求是的精神在科学探索的过程中是非常重要的，科学的想象需要有证据支持，并不是没有根据的。因此，无论是学术研究，还是应对当今世界环境，都离不开实事求是的精神。我们需要培养这种精神。③态度严谨 科学探究需要科学的严谨性。要敢于挑战现有的科学理论，勇敢地提出质疑，但这样的质疑不是空穴来风、毫无根据的，而是需要严谨的实验作为依据。
Read the passage and try to further understand Darwin's theory of evolution.
Homework