外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature Using language课件（共50张，内嵌音视频）

(共50张PPT)
Unit 5 Using language
Past perfect
过去完成时
语法课件
To learn basic structure and fixed sentence pattern of
past perfect.
To master how to use past perfect correctly in the passage.
To undestand the usage of Past perfect.
To write some sentences by using Past perfect.
Learning objectives
What is your understanding of the title of this grammar？
Share you ideas with others
过去完成式
Past perfect
Before reading, please try to write some sentences by using this grammar.
1．My friends _________(give) me a surprise at my birthday party last week.
2．Jack__________(graduate) in physics from Standford University in 2002.
3．In the recent years, Chinese people_______________(witness) the rapid improvement in the new technology.
4．Their experiment so far__________(attract) the attentions of experts in the field.
5．Darwin suspected that the finches _________ (evolve) from a
common ancestor.
6．By the end of last year, Henry___________(collect) more than a
thousand postcards.
Preclass Test
gave
graduated
have witnessed
has attracted
had evolved
had collected
Watch the video
1. After I had brushed my teeth, I used some mouthwash to make sure my breath would be extra fresh.
2. Then I looked the bottle I had used.
3. I realized I had rinsed（冲洗）my mouth with aftershave instead
of mouthwash!
4. I went to get dressed and realized I had left my best shirt in the washer!
5.After I had waited for a few minutes, I realized I had put my shirt on
inside out!
6. This had never happened to me before last night!
Past perfect
Why do we use past perfect in these sentences
1. The two verbs in the sentences
2. The relationship between the verbs in each sentence
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, …
b Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life.
1.In sentence (a), which action happened first
“evolved from a common ancestor.”
2. In sentence (b), which action happened first
“evolved from lower forms of life.”
3.What does the structure had done indicate
The action happened before a certain past action.
Now look for more sentences with the past perfect tense in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words.
1.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing
his degree.
2.What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.
3.After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
4.At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since.
5.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
6.Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species.
All actions in the past perfect occur before a past action.
所有过去完成时的动作都发生在一个过去的动作之前。
Definition
The past perfect is a verb tense which is used to show that an action took place _______ another action / point in the past.
now
past
future
过去完成时
过去的过去
before
Past perfect
过去完成时
1. You had studied English before you moved to New York.
2. You had not studied English before you moved to New York.
3. Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic’s license.
4. By the end of last term, we had learnt 2,000 English words.
5. I had finished my homework by nine o’clock last night.
6. By the time I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
1. I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
2. He had hardly got into his big office when the telephone rang.
=Hardly had he got into his big office when the telephone rang.
3. It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
4. It was three years since he had joined the army.
5. It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
6. It was the first time that I had visited the Great Wall.
①. 在“____________________________________”句型中，主句用___________，从句用______________。译为“一......就......”
1. I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
2. He had hardly got into his big office when the telephone rang.
=Hardly had he got into his big office when the telephone rang.
hardly...when/ no sooner...than/ scarcely...when
过去完成时
一般过去时
②. It ______＋一段时间＋___________(从句用过去完成时)
1. It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
2. It was three years since he had joined the army.
was
since从句
1. It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
2. It was the first time that I had visited the Great Wall.
③. It _______________________＋(that)从句 (从句用过去完成时)
was the first/second/...time
____________________________等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去__________________________________，意为“___________________”。
1. I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.
2. We had intended to come and see you.
质疑提升
What does past perfect mean in these two sentences
want, hope, mean, plan, intend
未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图
本来……
1. By yesterday they ___________ (work) for six days.
2. By the middle of last month we ________ (live) in Beijing for five years.
3. When I came to Guangzhou, he ________(be) there for a long time.
4. Before they arrived here the film _____already ______ (start).
5. I ____________(intend) to meet him at the airport, but I had an important meeting to attend.
6. He entered the room, __________(turn) on the light and read an evening paper.
7. No sooner had he arrived than he _______(go) away again.
8. It was the third time that he ___________(be) out of work.
9. She returned the book that she ______________.(borrow)
10. I thought that I _________(see) him before.
had worked
had lived
had been
had started
had intended
turned
Basic practice
went
had been
had borrowed
had seen
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets.
Learning tips
如何判断要应用过去完成时：
①. 时态标志词与固定句式
②. 有时则可能是通过上下文来体现。
1. She returned the book that she ______________.(borrow)
2. I thought that I _________(see) him before.
had borrowed
had seen
质疑提升
Why do we use past perfect in these two sentences
在含有______________的句子中，如果叙述________，先发生的动作常用____________。
在_______________________________________等动词后的____________中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前，往往用________________。
定语从句
过去的事
过去完成时
“told” , “said” , “knew” , “heard” , “thought”
宾语从句
过去完成时
质疑提升
What are the difference between simple past and past perfect
1. They _______________(arrive) at the station by ten yesterday.
2. They _______________(arrive) at the station at ten yesterday.
had arrived
arrived
①. 过去完成时在时间上________________，
而一般过去时强调_________________。
②. 时态标志词不同：
一般过去时：_____________________________________________等。
过去完成时：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________等。
一般过去时与过去完成时的区别
强调“过去的过去”
过去某一特定的时间
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last time
by then, by the end of +过去时间点, by +过去时间点, by the time+过去时间点, before +过去时间点
1.___________________（上周日，我本打算出去散步，但是在早上就开始下雨, intend）. So I went to the movies with my best friend.
2. ___________________________________（当我起床的时候，我的狗已经把桌子上我的早餐都吃了。by the time）. Then I went to see the film, hungry, 3.______________________（但是当我到电影院的时候，电影已经放映20分钟了。be on 放映）.
4._____________________________（这是我第一次和我最好的朋友一起看电影。） and it was the most interesting movie that I had watched! 5._____________________________（我一走出电影院就遇见了我的同班同学们hardly......when.....） We had dinner and talked happily. 6.___________________________________（但是当我要付钱的时候，我发现我的钱包和手机被偷了） What an unlucky day!
Micro writing (Mary’s journal)( 5 minutes)
1. Last Sunday, I had intended to go for a walk, but it began to rain early in the morning.
2. By the time I got up, my dog had eaten all my breakfast on the table.
3. but when I arrived at the cinema, the film had been on for 20 minutes.
4. It was the first time that I had seen a film with my best friend.
5. I had hardly got out of the cinema when I met some classmates.
/Hardly had I got out of the cinema when I met some classmates.
6. But when I was going to pay, I found my wallet and mobile phone
had been stolen.
Independent writing
Write a journal about one impressive day in the past. You should try to use past perfect as much as possible.
Conclusion
2
Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences. The sentences are in the order in which they happened. They can help you to decide the use of tenses.
1. a Natural disasters led to food shortages in the 1960s.
b Yuan Longping began to do research on hybrid rice.
c Yuan Longping developed a better type of rice.
Yuan Longping 1 to do research on hybrid rice because natural disasters 2 food shortages in the 1960s. In the end, he 3 _________ a better type of rice.
began
had led to
developed
2
Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences. The sentences are in the order in which they happened. They can help you to decide the use of tenses.
2. a Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their
characteristics were easy to control.
b Gregor Mendel made important discoveries about genetics.
c Gregor Mendel died in 1884.
Gregor Mendel 4 study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. By the time of his death in 1884, he 5 important discoveries about genetics.
chose to
had made
Complete the blanks with the correct form of the words in the box.
compete decline eat live introduce arrive
Lonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise.He died in 2012. After George's death, the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.
The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
Before humans 1 on the island, the species 2_________
in isolation and 3_______ the plants that naturally grew there.
arrived
had lived
eaten
3
Lonesome George
Complete the blanks with the correct form of the words in the box.
3
George was discovered many years after their arrival, and by then humans
4 _______________new species that 5 for the food the tortoises ate. After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population 6 . Eventually, only George remained.
had introduced
competed
declined
Lonesome George
compete decline eat live introduce arrive
Work in pairs. Act out a role-play using the information in Activity 3. One of you will play the keeper of Lonesome George, and the other will play the reporter asking about George. Use the past perfect tense where appropriate.
4
It's your turn to Act out your role-play, using the past perfect tense where appropriate.
Listening and speaking
Listen to the podcast and choose the staements that are made.
5
1. Biodiversity is important.
2. Bacteria are always harmful to humans.
3. Some species of bacteria are used in food production.
4. Many species of bacteria recycle dead organic matter.
5. Our immune systems are able to fight off all germs.
Biodiversity 生物多样性
______________________________
Listen again and complete the fact sheet.
6
Cells
●Every living thing is 1.___________________. They are like
2. ___________________________________.
●In the human body there are about 3. ________________ human cells and around 4. _____________________ bacteria cells.
Bacteria
●Most bacteria in the human body can 5. _____________________.
●In the food production process, bacteria can 6. ___________________ dead organic matter.
Now work in pairs. Discuss what you know about cells and bacteria.
made up of cells
bricks that are used to build houses
thirty trillion
thirty-nine trillion
help with digestion
break down
Cell, in biology, the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed. A single cell is often a complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium or yeast. Other cells acquire specialized functions as they mature. These cells cooperate with other specialized cells and become the building blocks of large multicellular organisms, such as humans and other animals.
bacteria
life-form bacteria, any of a group of microscopic single-celled organisms that live in enormous numbers in almost every environment on Earth, from deep-sea vents to deep below Earth’s surface to the digestive tracts of humans other animals.
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the podcast.
7
●Do you know about...
●By the way, ...
●Actually, ...
Checking background knowledge
●Have you heard of...
●In fact, ...
●Speaking of which, ...
Adding information
Do you know about... Have you heard of...
By the way, ... In fact, ...
Actually, ... Speaking of which, ...
Read the passage and answer the questions.
8
Earth is home to millions of different species. Some can be very small, like bacteria and viruses, which are so small that we cannot see them with only our eyes. By contrast, the largest animal species so far found on our planet is the blue whale, which can grow up to almost 30 metres in length and weigh over 130,000 kilos. The toughest species is probably the water bear. This tiny organism can survive temperatures from 150 °C to a below freezing 272 °C. To best survive in their environment, each species has developed its own unique physical characteristics.
Each year, scientists identify around 15,000 new species. However, diversity on our planet is such, that there are still millions of species on Earth remaining to be discovered.
1. What species are mentioned and what is special about them
2. What other unusual life forms do you know of
地球是数百万不同物种的家园。 有些可能非常小，比如细菌和病毒，它们小到我们只能用眼睛看到它们。 相比之下，迄今为止在地球上发现的最大的动物物种是蓝鲸，它可以长到近30米长，体重超过13万公斤。 最顽强的物种可能是水熊。 这种微小的生物可以在150°C到零下272°C的温度下生存。 为了更好地在环境中生存，每个物种都发展出了自己独特的生理特征。
每年，科学家们都会发现大约15000个新物种。 然而，我们这个星球上的生物多样性如此之大，以至于地球上仍有数百万种物种有待发现。
The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth.
The water bear is probably the toughest species.
What other unusual life forms do
you know of
Galapagos Islands （加拉帕戈斯群岛)
Galapagos Islands, island group of the eastern Pacific Ocean, administratively a province of Ecuador，lying athwart the Equator 600 miles west of the mainland of Ecuador. The government of Ecuador designated part of the Galapagos a wildlife sanctuary in 1935, and in 1959 the sanctuary became the Galapagos National Park. In 1978 the islands were designated a
UNESCO World Heritage site.
Complete the paragraphs with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.
9
The Galapagos Islands are renowned worldwide for their unique biodiversity. The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz 1_________ several species of giant tortoise that 2____________ the Galapagos Islands. The island is also home to the Charles Darwin Research Station, where 3_________ studies are carried out.
Mangroves are one of the coastal plants that grow on Isabela. They serve as the 4_________ for various birds and fish, and are very important to the 5__________.
ancestor scientific be native to primitive habitat appearance be home to ecosysterm
①
①
②
②
③
is home to
are native to
scientific
habitats
ecosystem
Complete the paragraphs with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.
9
Lguanas can be found on San Cristobal. They have a very special 6___________, with comb-like spines on their back.There is evidence that all the different iguanas have developed from more 7__________ ones and share a common 8_____________.
ancestor scientific be native to primitive habitat appearance be home to ecosysterm
①
②
③
③
appearance
primitive
ancestor
Work in pairs. Look at the pictures of the species native to different regions of China. Talk about biodiversity in China using the words and expressions in this section. Do on line research to find more information.
10
Talk about biodiversity in China in your own words.
Now talk about what methods you used to collect the information pare your methods with your partner's and think about which methods are more efficient.
1．They moved here in 2002. Until then they ________ in the London area.
A．lived B．have lived
C．were living D．had lived
2．They became friends again that day. Until then they ______to each other for nearly two years.
A．didn‘t speak B．hadn’t spoken
C．haven’t spoken D．haven‘t been speaking
3．He insisted that he __________ and that he ________ nothing wrong.
A．be set free; should do B．set free; should do
C．should set free; had done D．be set free; had done
Exercise
4．It was the first time in a year and a half that I ________ the night face to face.
A．have seen B．saw C．had seen D．would see
5．________ could be judged from her eyes, she was terribly sorry for what she________.
A．As; had done B．That; did
C．As; has done D．It; had done
6．By the end of last semester, we_________the three compulsory English textbooks.
A．had covered B．have covered C．covered D．covering
7．—Manager, I __________ late for 9 days…
—But you‘ve broken your record this morning.
A．haven’t been B．hadn‘t been C．won‘t be D．wouldn’t be
8．By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _________ from college.
A．graduated B．had graduated
C．has graduated D．had been graduated
9．The researchers estimated that the glacier ______ in size since last year.
A．had decreased B．have decreased
C．decreased D．had been decreased
10．I ______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
A．had hoped B．have hoped C．hope D．am hoping
1. Review past perfect in the class.
2. Write about introducing species in our hometown, using sentence structure in Activity 7 and vocabulary in Activity 8 and 9.
Homework