（9）Unit 5 Revealing nature—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册单元检测卷（A卷）
一、填空题（共10小题；每小题4分，满分40分）
1.We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the theory of_____ (evolve).
2.Grain Buds, the 8th solar term of a year, means that the_____ (seed) from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe.
3.We spent an hour or two in class learning how_____ (generate) the codes, and in the end everything got easier.
4.Helping the next _____(generate) to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
5.This, however, will make a difference only when you eat up these _____(seed), bite them with your teeth.
6.Traditionally, a hundred _____(sample) would take lab technicians more than two days to examine.
7.For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for _____(survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
8.They________(sample) the population to find out the state of public opinion.
9.It is different from Russia and has many new things ________(fascinate) me.
10.The great advantage of telling the truth is that one is so much more likely to sound ________(convince).
二、阅读理解（共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）
“It's a windy day in Laguna San lgnacio, and the waves seem to come from all directions,” said Sara Clemence in Bloomberg Businessweek. My children and I are riding on an18-foot boat—small enough that we can reach down into the water if a gray whale swims up alongside. And then we see what we've come for: a heart-shaped shower of water and a dark mass rushing below it. As instructed, we splash (往……上泼) the water strongly to signal the huge whale, which turns out to be a mother with her weeks-old baby. The baby soon swims beneath our boat, emerges to blow mist in my face, then "lies onto its side like a 2-to puppy". Leaning down, I touch its skin gently. " It feels electric. Also, a bit like petting a hard-boiled egg."
San Ignacio is one of the very few places where a person can pet a whale. The whales come each year to the coast of Baja California to give birth and to mate. If you're lucky, you can "shake hands with a leathery fin (鳍)or even "plant a kiss on a cold, salty cheek". I usually worry about such interactions, because wild creatures can become deeply stressed by human contact. But boat numbers are strictly limited in these protected waters. And any whale that approaches a boat does so on its own terms. Like that baby whale: “We see him a few times, and he seems to like being petted and splashed.”
So we are two species, connecting through touch, but also through eye contact: “More than once, after nosing around our boat, a young gray whale turns on its side so one dark , baseball-size eye is looking up at us.” Whalers used to call gray whales “devil fish” because these magnificent creatures turn violent when threatened—"or, say, when their babies are harmed. " That makes it feel even more of a blessing when, on our third day there, a large mama whale approaches the boat. "I'm splashing when I feel her nose press up into my hand. ” Though she's “wiser and apparently more alert”, than her child, “she still decides to trust us.
11.What can we learn from the text
A. The writer was on a whale-touching trip.
B. The writer's boat went down with a huge wave.
C. The baby whale splashed water all over the writer.
D. The mother whale's skin felt as hard as a boiled egg.
12.What do the underlined words in Paragraph 2 refer to about whales in San Ignacio
A. Mad with too many visitors. B. Ready for hands-on attention.
C. Restricted in swimming routes. D. Enclosed in their safety zones.
13.What did gray whales get the name of “devil fish” from
A. Their strange appearance. B. Their inborn violence.
C. Their surprisingly enormous size. D. Their fierceness in danger.
14.What's the writer's implied purpose in writing the passage
A. To popularise the knowledge of whales.
B. To show admiration for whales' motherhood.
C. To share an experience of a sea voyage.
D. To advocate harmony between man and nature.
三、七选五（共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ①______, but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species(物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ②______.
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says," ③______.I find during the winter months plants around the house can really lift your mood." Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ④______.
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.." ⑤______Spoelstra says. "It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature."
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
四、书面表达（满分20分）
假设你是李华, 你校爱鸟社(Bird Club)将于下周六举行社团活动, 作为爱鸟社社长, 你将邀请外教Smith来参加活动。请用英语给他写封邮件, 内容包括:
1.简要介绍爱鸟社;
2.活动的时间和地点;
3.活动内容。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文 连贯。
Dear Mr. Smith,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：evolution
解析：句意为:我们很自然地将达尔文的名字与进化论联系在一起。设空处作介词of的宾语,此处指“进化论”,应用名词。故填 evolution。
2.答案：seeds
解析：句意为:小满是一年中的第八个节气,意味着谷粒正变得饱满但尚未成熟。that引导宾语从句,设空处作该从句的主语,根据从句谓语 are becoming可知,此处应用名词复数形式。故填seeds。
3.答案：to generate
解析：句意为:我们在课堂上花了一两个小时学习如何生成代码,最后一切都变得更容易了。此处是“疑问词+不定式”结构作动词 learning的宾语。故填to generate。
4.答案：generation
解析：句意:帮助下一代拥有一个健康且充满活力的童年是非常重要的,这个行业正在发挥自己的作用。next此处作形容词,修饰名词。
5.答案：seeds
解析：句意:然而,只有当你吃完这些种子,用牙齿咬它们时,这才会有所不同。由前面的these可知,此处应用复数。
6.答案：samples
解析：句意:传统上,一百个样本会花费实验室技术员两天以上的时间来检测。由空格前的a hundred可知,此处应用复数。
7.答案：survival
解析：句意为：当心脏病突发时，唯一最佳的存活机会就是有人在旁迅速对你实施心肺复苏。设空处作介词for的宾语，需要填名词。故填survival。
8.答案：sampled
解析：考查动词。句意：他们对人口进行抽样调查，以了解民意状况。分析句子，设空处应该填写动词作谓语，句子表述的是过去事实，故使用一般过去时，句中sample为动词，意为“抽样，选取样本”。故填sampled。
9.答案：fascinating
解析：fascinate动词，意为"入迷；迷住"；分析句子结构可知空格处是非谓语动词形式，fascinate与逻辑主语things构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填：fascinating。
10.答案：convincing
解析：考查形容词。句意：说真话的最大好处是听起来更有可能令人信服。根据句意和空格前系动词sound(听起来）可知，应使用提示词convince的同根形容词convincing作表语，意为“令人信服的，有说服力的”。故填convincing。
二、阅读理解
11.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的My children and I are riding on an 18-foot boat—small enough that we can reach down into the water if a gray whale swims up alongside.和第二段中的San Ignacio is one of the very few places where a person can pet a whale.可知,作者和孩子正在圣伊格纳西奥湖进行一次接触鲸鱼的旅行。故选A项。
12.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的I usually worry about such interactions可知,作者对与鲸鱼互动感到担忧,后文But 表转折,在这些受保护的水域,船只的数量是有严格限制的,再根据后文的Like that baby whale: “We... he seems to like being petted and splashed.”可知,这头小鲸鱼似乎喜欢被抚摸和泼水,故此处表示任何一头鲸鱼接近船只都是出于自己的意愿,即“准备好接受这种允许触摸的关注”。故选B项。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Whalers used to call gray whales " devil fish" because these magnificent creatures turn violent when threatened 可知,捕鲸者过去称灰鲸为“魔鬼鱼”,因为这种巨大的生物在受到威胁时会变得暴力。故选D项。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的I touch its skin gently 和第二段中的he seems to like being petted and splashed及最后一段中的 she still decides to trust us并结合全文内容可知,文章通过描述作者和孩子的一段与鲸鱼互动的海上之旅,想要展现人与自然和谐共处的场景,所以文章隐含的目的是提倡人与自然和谐相处。故选D项。
三、七选五
答案：BDCEG
解析：①空后表明室内绿植还可以通过改善心情、减轻压力、增进记忆力来提升人们的幸福感,且空后的but与B项中的 Not only 在意思上构成递进关系。故填B。
②上文说在英国许多这样的物种不适宜在室外生长,特别是在冬季,和D项"相反,它们在室内更温暖的地方长势更好"构成转折关系,符合语境。故填D。
③根据本段小标题和本段内容可知,该段主要讲述了室内种植绿植有许多好处,此处引用别人的话也应呼应这一主题。故填C。
④空格位于段尾,与上文存在例证关系,上文说盆栽可以通过消除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气,还可以消去一些来自颜料或烹任的有害化学物质。E 项中的和平百合和绿萝正是效果最好的植物。
⑤空后It指代该空内容,说明这样做可以给人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点并帮助人们增强家与自然的联系。故G项"了解每种植物的习性会很有益处"符合语境。
四、书面表达
答案：
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am writing on behalf of our Bird Club to invite you to come to the Student Activity Center for an activity from 2 pm to 5 pm next Saturday.
Set up in 1995, our club has been organizing various activities. We have conducted the survey of the types of birds in Chongqing. Operas were performed to raise people's awareness of bird protection, thus winning great popularity in and outside our school. Next Saturday, we'll have a lecture to be given by an American bird expert, which will be followed by a good discussion, and share the experience in bird protection in your native country.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua（10）Unit 5 Revealing nature—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册单元检测卷（B卷）
一、填空题（共10小题；每小题4分，满分40分）
1.Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him what______ (happen).
2.The manager got to the company hurriedly, only to find that he______ (leave) his laptop and files at home.
3.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we______ (assume) previously.
4.When my English teacher told me that I______ (choose) as a competitor, I devoted myself to the preparation.
5.If he______ (study) hard last term, he would have passed the examination.
6.Early______ (detect) of cancers can greatly increase the chances of curing even if you haven't had any symptoms yet.
7.It was the first time that China's lecture______ (deliver) from the orbiting Chinese space station.
8.When we explored the tribe, we were amazed at the______ (primitive) of their medical treatment.
9.Chang'e lunar probes are named after a famous Chinese fairy, who is said______ (fly) to the moon.
10.Basing his conclusion on the evidence, he collected on the spot, he proved that the suspect was______ (blame) for the accident.
二、阅读理解（共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）
The climate change in California has caused terrible damage to California’s marine ecosystems. Untold billions of sea stars, or starfish, from at least 20 species disappeared from the entire Pacific coast because of the marine heatwaves. In the absence of sunflower sea stars, a major predator for sea urchins (海胆), the urchin populations exploded. They laid waste to kelp forests (海草林) already weakened by high ocean temperatures.
However, Central California’s kelp ecosystems have done somewhat better than those in Northern California. A new study led by Joshua Smith, an ecologist at the University of California, examines the role sea otter (海獭) populations—a natural predator for urchins—play in preserving existing kelp forests in the Monterey Bay.
The research project spanned three years, during which intensive under-water surveys produced some very interesting data about sea otter behavior. Sea otters have very high metabolisms (新陈代谢) that keep them warm in icy waters and which also make them greedy consumers of shellfish, urchin, and fish—sea otters can eat 25 percent of their body weight in food in a day. At the observed sites, as the urchin population grew, the otter’s diet shifted to become more heavily dependent on urchins. In fact, the otters were eating three times as many urchins as they had been before 2014. As a result, they provided crucial protection from urchins to the kelp forests.
The fact that otters were able to contribute to the health of the surviving kelp forests by keeping urchin populations in check provides Smith with hope for the forests’ continued survival. “The important thing is that the urchins are ultimately reduced,” he says. “The sea otters have maintained patches of kelp forest that can then help refill the barren areas to enhance the recovery of forests.”
11.What influence does climate change have on California’s marine ecosystems
A.A greater diversity of marine species. B.The disappearance of urchins.
C.An explosive growth of sea stars. D.The weakening of kelp forests.
12.What is the study led by Joshua Smith about
A.Urchins’ response to ocean warming.
B.The reproduction of marine animals.
C.Otters’ role in protecting kelp forests.
D.The current condition of marine ecosystems.
13.What is a direct result of the shift in otters’ diet
A.The otters are more likely to stay warm.
B.The shellfish populations have exploded.
C.Urchins’ threat to kelp forests is relieved.
D.The kelp forests have made a full recovery.
14.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Sea Otters to the Rescue
B.Marine Species in Danger
C.Urchins Are Destroying Kelp Forests
D.Otters Increase Kelp Forests’ Carbon Storage
三、七选五（共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. ①________
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ②________ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. ③________
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. ④________ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ⑤________ "You keep what matters," Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important matters.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. "Sleep is the price we pay for learning," says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
四、书面表达（满分20分）
调查显示，中国华南虎(South China tiger)受人类活动的影响而濒临灭绝(endangered)，目前只有100多只。假定你是来自厦门的李华，请用英文给WWF(世界自然基金会)写一封信，请他们关注这一状况并提供帮助。内容应包括：
1. 写信的目的；
2. 华南虎的现状；
3. 希望WWF提供帮助，比如：资助(finance)华南虎保护项目等；
4. 表示感谢并期待回复。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：had happened
解析：句意为:看到约翰眼里含着泪水冲进房间,我问他发生了什么事。分析句子结构可知, what引导宾语从句,happen 表示的动作发生在 ask 表示的动作之前,主句用了一般过去时,故从句表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”,应使用过去完成时。故填 had happened。
2.答案：had left
解析：句意为:经理匆忙赶到公司,结果却发现他把笔记本电脑和文件夹忘在家里了。分析句子可知,got to the company用的是一般过去时,“电脑和文件夹忘在家里”应该发生在“经理赶到公司”之前,所以是“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had left。
3.答案：had assumed
解析：句意为:手写所有邀请函比我们之前想象的要耗时。设空处为从句谓语动词,assume发生在主句描述的情况之前,即“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had assumed。
4.答案： had been chosen
解析：句意为:当我的英语老师告诉我,我被选为参赛者时,我全身心地投入准备。设空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语,从句主语I和choose之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且 choose 的动作发生在told的动作之前,是“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填 had been chosen。
5.答案：had studied
解析：句意为:如果他上学期努力学习,他就会通过考试了。此处是If引导的非真实条件句,根据 last term可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句应用过去完成时。故填had studied。
6.答案：detection
解析：句意为:即使你现在什么症状也没有,及早发现癌症能大大增加治愈的可能性。设空处作主语,其前有形容词 Early修饰,其后有 of cancers 限定,应用名词形式,detection为不可数名词。
7.答案：had been delivered
解析：句意为:这是中国首次在中国轨道空间站进行授课。分析句子可知,此处考查固定句型it was the first time that...,意为“这是第一次……”。该句型中主句为一般过去时,从句要用过去完成时,且 deliver 与 China's lecture之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填 had been delivered.
8.答案： primitiveness
解析：句意为:当我们探索这个部落时,我们对他们落后的医疗方法感到吃惊。根据设空前的定冠词the和空后的介词 of可知,设空处应用名词形式, primitiveness 意为“原始;落后”,为不可数名词。
9.答案： to have flown
解析：句意为:嫦娥月球探测器是以中国一位有名的仙女的名字命名的,据说她已经飞到了月亮上。be said to do为固定表达,此处飞到月亮上这个动作已经完成。
10.答案：to blame
解析：句意为:根据他在现场收集的证据,他得出结论,证明嫌疑人应为事故负责。be to blame for 意为“归昝于;应该为……负责任”。故填 to blame。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“They laid waste to kelp forests(海草林)already weakened by high ocean temperatures.”可知气候变化引起的高温海水已经影响了海草林。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“examines the role sea otter(海獭)populations―a natural predator for urchins—play in preserving existing kelp forests in the Monterey Bay.”可知本次研究主要是去核实海獭对于保护现存海草林方面的作用。故选C。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“As a result, they provided crucial protection from urchins to the kelp forests.”可知海獭饮食发生变化,大批的海胆被海獭猎食,海胆对于海草林的影响得到了缓解。故选C。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要是介绍海獭捕食海胆,从而让现存的海草林得到保护。故选A。
三、七选五
答案：CEFGB
解析：本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了睡眠的重要性。
①根据前一句"When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month."可知,如果不让实验老鼠睡觉,它们一个月之内就死了。同样,人几天不睡觉,也会生病。人和动物匹配,死和生病形成对比,故选C。
②根据前一句提到的睡眠有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆,与E项(所以如果学生在学习新知识后有机会睡一觉,他们在考试中就会表现得更好)前后逻辑关系顺畅,因果联系紧密,故选E。
③根据下文中的"he"可知此处要提到一个“他的”理论,故选F
④根据下文中提到的"synapses in the mice"可知,他肯定在老鼠的身上做了实验,故选G。
⑤根据后一句提到的"You keep what matters(你记住重要的东西)"可知,大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来,故选B。
四、书面表达
答案：Dear Sir or Madam,
I'm a student from Xiamen, China. I'm writing to tell you that the South China tiger is decreasing rapidly as a result of humans' hunting and their activities' bad effect. In the wild, the South China tiger can be hardly seen. The number of them is only more than 100, so I hope you can take some effective measures to protect them.
My suggestion is that you should finance some programmes to make people aware of the serious situation of the South China tiger and protect them. I would be grateful if you could take action at once.
Looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
