2015-2024年北京市高考英语真题分类卷--阅读表达真题汇编（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2015-2024年北京市高考英语真题分类卷--阅读表达真题汇编（含答案与解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-10-12 19:20:35 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2015-2024年北京市高考英语真题分类
北京卷（2021—2024）
2024
Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures.
During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence.
My adviser and I devised(想出) a somewhat unusual solution:I would spend three months in a collaborating(合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist.
1. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan
2. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures
Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
4. From this story, what can you learn about “independence” (In about 40 words)
2023
Passage 1(2023北京)
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward—the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.
Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
1. How are habits built
2. In what way is a routine different from a habit
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
4. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits (In about 40 words)
2022
Passage 2(2022北京)
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur(创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer(滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation(OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
1. What did Tom witness at his own school
2. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
4. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us Why (In about 40 words)
2021
Passage 3(2021北京)
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members, or classmates rather than holding them back.
There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up (激起) anger. Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out.
Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. In a study, 2,000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed.
Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not.
It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome.
1. According to this passage, what is arguing
2. Why is it that “the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.
4. In addition to improving emotional health, what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument (In about 40 words)
北京卷（2021—2024）
2024
Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures.
During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence.
My adviser and I devised(想出) a somewhat unusual solution:I would spend three months in a collaborating(合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist.
1. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan
2. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures
Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
4. From this story, what can you learn about “independence” (In about 40 words)
答案
[语篇解读]本文是记叙文，主要讲述的是作者在经历了一系列失败后，意识到真正的独立离不开和他人的合作的故事。
1. The author’s need for independence.
2. The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training.
3.The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
Because the author acquired collaborating skills.
4.One possible version:
Firstly, being independent doesn’t mean simply doing anything by oneself without cooperating with others. Instead, skills that are acquired from a collaborative environment are essential for developing independence. Additionally, independence is a tendency to tackle difficult problems by our own strength, rather than rely on others forever.
2023
Passage 1(2023北京)
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward—the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.
Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
1. How are habits built
2. In what way is a routine different from a habit
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
4. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits (In about 40 words)
答案
[语篇解读]本文是说明文，主要介绍了了解习惯是如何养成的有助于改掉坏习惯。
Habits are built through learning and repetition.
答案线索在第二段第一句话“Habits are built through learning and repetition.（习惯是通过学习和重复养成的）”。
2. A routine is not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.答案线索在第三段最后一句话“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.（虽然惯例包括重复的行为，但它不一定像习惯一样是对根深蒂固的冲动的反应）”。
3. Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks,while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
According to the passage, while you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. So building a healthy habit takes a longer time than picking up a new habit.
答案线索在第四段最后一句话“While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新习惯，但要养成一个健康的习惯却需要数月的时间）”并不是题干中所说的需要更短的时间。
4. One possible version:
I run for half an hour after school every day, which benefits me a lot. Firstly, running can help me get fit and prevent diseases. What’s more, it will provide relief from aches or tension that I may be suffering due to stress.
2022
Passage 2(2022北京)
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur(创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer(滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation(OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
1. What did Tom witness at his own school
2. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
4. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us Why (In about 40 words)
答案
[语篇解读]本文为记叙文。文章讲述汤姆利用自己的智慧成功解决了人们喝太多含糖饮料的问题。
Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
答案线索在第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur, witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”
Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
答案线索在第二段第一、二句“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle.”
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
答案线索在倒数第二段最后一句“...and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”
4. One possible version:
Creativity. Tom designed the Fun Bottle which helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks, witnessing at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. It’s the creation that solves many problems in our daily life. Creation is what we need most.
2021
Passage 3(2021北京)
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members, or classmates rather than holding them back.
There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up (激起) anger. Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out.
Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. In a study, 2,000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed.
Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not.
It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome.
1. According to this passage, what is arguing
2. Why is it that “the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.
4. In addition to improving emotional health, what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument (In about 40 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。作者认为如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。
Arguing is discussing your worries, related feelings and problems with the other party.
答案线索在第二段第二句“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns.”。根据原句含义进行简化处理即可。
It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.
答案线索在第四段第二句“This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities.”。
3. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.
Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity.
答案线索在第三段。根据第三段第三句“When people had an argument...they had half the reactivity...”可知“increases your reactivity”是错误的，应该是decreases your reactivity。
4. One possible version:
Resolving an argument allows us to face and handle disagreements, during which we discuss our differences and work through them together. This leads to positive changes and facilitates our goal achievement. Besides, it’s a precious chance to develop communicative skills and problem-solving skills.
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2015-2024年北京市高考英语真题分类
北京卷（2021—2024）
2024
Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures.
During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence.
My adviser and I devised(想出) a somewhat unusual solution:I would spend three months in a collaborating(合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist.
1. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan
2. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures
Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
4. From this story, what can you learn about “independence” (In about 40 words)
2023
Passage 1(2023北京)
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward—the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.
Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
1. How are habits built
2. In what way is a routine different from a habit
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
4. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits (In about 40 words)
2022
Passage 2(2022北京)
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur(创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer(滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation(OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
1. What did Tom witness at his own school
2. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
4. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us Why (In about 40 words)
2021
Passage 3(2021北京)
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members, or classmates rather than holding them back.
There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up (激起) anger. Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out.
Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. In a study, 2,000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed.
Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not.
It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome.
1. According to this passage, what is arguing
2. Why is it that “the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.
4. In addition to improving emotional health, what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument (In about 40 words)
北京卷（2021—2024）
2024
Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures.
During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence.
My adviser and I devised(想出) a somewhat unusual solution:I would spend three months in a collaborating(合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist.
1. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan
2. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures
Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
4. From this story, what can you learn about “independence” (In about 40 words)
答案
[语篇解读]本文是记叙文，主要讲述的是作者在经历了一系列失败后，意识到真正的独立离不开和他人的合作的故事。
1. The author’s need for independence.
2. The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training.
3.The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
Because the author acquired collaborating skills.
4.One possible version:
Firstly, being independent doesn’t mean simply doing anything by oneself without cooperating with others. Instead, skills that are acquired from a collaborative environment are essential for developing independence. Additionally, independence is a tendency to tackle difficult problems by our own strength, rather than rely on others forever.
2023
Passage 1(2023北京)
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward—the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.
Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
1. How are habits built
2. In what way is a routine different from a habit
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
4. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits (In about 40 words)
答案
[语篇解读]本文是说明文，主要介绍了了解习惯是如何养成的有助于改掉坏习惯。
Habits are built through learning and repetition.
答案线索在第二段第一句话“Habits are built through learning and repetition.（习惯是通过学习和重复养成的）”。
2. A routine is not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.答案线索在第三段最后一句话“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.（虽然惯例包括重复的行为，但它不一定像习惯一样是对根深蒂固的冲动的反应）”。
3. Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks,while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
According to the passage, while you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. So building a healthy habit takes a longer time than picking up a new habit.
答案线索在第四段最后一句话“While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新习惯，但要养成一个健康的习惯却需要数月的时间）”并不是题干中所说的需要更短的时间。
4. One possible version:
I run for half an hour after school every day, which benefits me a lot. Firstly, running can help me get fit and prevent diseases. What’s more, it will provide relief from aches or tension that I may be suffering due to stress.
2022
Passage 2(2022北京)
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur(创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer(滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation(OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
1. What did Tom witness at his own school
2. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
4. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us Why (In about 40 words)
答案
[语篇解读]本文为记叙文。文章讲述汤姆利用自己的智慧成功解决了人们喝太多含糖饮料的问题。
Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
答案线索在第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur, witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”
Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
答案线索在第二段第一、二句“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle.”
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
答案线索在倒数第二段最后一句“...and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”
4. One possible version:
Creativity. Tom designed the Fun Bottle which helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks, witnessing at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. It’s the creation that solves many problems in our daily life. Creation is what we need most.
2021
Passage 3(2021北京)
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members, or classmates rather than holding them back.
There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up (激起) anger. Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out.
Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. In a study, 2,000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed.
Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not.
It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome.
1. According to this passage, what is arguing
2. Why is it that “the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.
4. In addition to improving emotional health, what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument (In about 40 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。作者认为如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。
Arguing is discussing your worries, related feelings and problems with the other party.
答案线索在第二段第二句“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns.”。根据原句含义进行简化处理即可。
It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.
答案线索在第四段第二句“This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities.”。
3. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.
Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity.
答案线索在第三段。根据第三段第三句“When people had an argument...they had half the reactivity...”可知“increases your reactivity”是错误的，应该是decreases your reactivity。
4. One possible version:
Resolving an argument allows us to face and handle disagreements, during which we discuss our differences and work through them together. This leads to positive changes and facilitates our goal achievement. Besides, it’s a precious chance to develop communicative skills and problem-solving skills.
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