（10）Unit 5 Humans and Nature—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第二册单元检测卷（B卷）
一、语法填空（共10小题；每小题4分，满分40分）
1.The animal, unique to China, is in danger of _____(extinct) in the next 25 years.
2.He thinks the movie will be wonderful but it might be a little _____(scare) for younger children.
3.The new reserve _____ was built last year has played an important role in wildlife protection.
4.Since China announced the project in 2004, the country's first lunar _____(explore) project has drawn worldwide attention.
5.Robert is a very _____(ambition) man and one of his ambitions is to become a great scientist in the future.
6.It seems a pity _____ they have missed the best time to conduct the experiment.
7.I was only four when Grandma passed away. She is just a _____(distance) memory for me.
8.More heat energy _____(trap) in the atmosphere causes the global temperature to go up.
9.Body language is particularly important when we attempt _____(communicate) across culture.
10.Caring for the environment is becoming more and more important, because the earth's natural resources _____(run) out.
二、阅读理解（共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）
Antarctica is a great, icy land, surrounded by the huge Southern Ocean. The ice in Antarctica doesn't just cover the land. There's also a large area of sea ice on the ocean's surface.
Every year, the sea ice at the South Pole goes through a cycle. In the summer, the huge sea ice melts(融化) to its smallest point. Over the colder winter months, the sea ice grows. Usually, the sea ice covers the greatest area around September 23, as winter ends at the South Pole.
Scientists have been measuring the area of the sea ice in Antarctica since 1979. For most of this time, Antarctica seemed to be almost unaffected by the changing weather conditions experienced in other parts of the globe. That began to change around 2016. Now, for several years, the area of Antarctic sea ice has been shrinking.
In 2023, the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) reported that Antarctic sea ice covered its greatest area on September 10 almost two weeks earlier than normal. And the sea ice extent was at a new record low—not just by a little bit, but by a lot.
The last time Antarctic sea ice set a record low extent at the end of winter was in 1986. And in 2023, there's about 1.03 million square kilometers less sea ice than in 1986.
Scientists are still trying to understand what is driving the change in Antarctica. One likely direct cause of the change is the rising temperatures of the world's ocean. Ted Scambos, a research scientist at the University of Colorado, says Antarctic ice levels have always changed some, but the sharp loss in 2023 is “pointing toward warmer ocean conditions around the continent.”
The new low record has concerned the scientists. The sea ice is an important factor in lowering the temperatures of the earth. When it is frozen, sea ice reflects sunlight back out into space. But when the sea ice melts, the water left behind is darker, and takes in and keeps more heat. Scientists are working hard to better understand Antarctica. They don't know yet if this is just a short-term problem, or part of a long-term shift (转变) toward less sea ice in Antarctica.
11.What does the underlined word “shrinking” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Cetting smaller. B. Being flat. C. Observed. D. Measured.
12.Why does the author mention the record in 1986
A. To give an example. B. To make a comparison.
C. To make a summary. D.To offer an argument.
13.What is the possible direct reason for the change in Antarctic sea ice
A. The changing weather conditions.
B. Human activities in Antarctica.
C. Increased volcanic activities in the area.
D. The increasing temperatures of the global ocean.
14.What can we know about Antarctic sea ice
A. It's key to the earth's cooling system. B. Its melting is just a short-term problem.
C. It reminds us to find water resources. D. It offers humans a bright future.
三、七选五（共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）
Much of the work in today's world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. ①_________ Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent
②_________ They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team's performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. ③_________ In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, "There is no I in TEAM." ④_________
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
⑤_________ An A-team may require a balance—not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
四、书面表达（共1题；满分20分）
假如你是李华,有一个周末和几个同学一起去爬山,看到有人在山上用网捉鸟。你们认为有必要向WWF反映这一情况。请写封邮件,内容包括:
1. 在山上看到的情况;
2. 保护鸟类的原因;
3. 保护措施。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已经为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear WWF,
I am Li Hua, one of the middle school students. I am writing to
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：extinction
解析：句意为:未来25年内,中国特有的这种动物会面临灭绝的风险。设空处作of的宾语,应用名词,故填extinction。
2.答案：scary
解析：句意为:他觉得这将会是一部很精彩的电影,但对于年龄小一点的孩子来说可能会有些吓人。设空处作表语,且其前有a little修饰,应用形容词,表示“吓人的;可怕的”。故填scary。
3.答案：which/that
解析：句意为:去年新建的保护区在野生动物保护方面发挥了重要作用。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为The new reserve,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用which或that引导该从句。
4.答案： exploration
解析：句意为:自2004年中国宣布该项目以来,中国的首次探月计划就引起了全世界的关注。设空处前有形容词lunar修饰,此处表示“探索计划”,设空处应填名词,作定语,修饰project,与project构成主语,故填exploration。
5.答案： ambitious
解析：句意为:罗伯特是个雄心勃勃的人,他的理想之一是将来成为一名伟大的科学家。设空处前有副词very修饰,应用形容词修饰man,故填ambitious。
6.答案： that
解析：句意为:很遗憾,他们错过了进行实验的最佳时间。分析句子结构可知,It为形式主语,设空处引导主语从句,从句中不缺成分,且语义完整,故填连接词that。
7.答案： distant
解析：句意为:祖母去世时我只有四岁。所以对我而言,她只是一个遥远的回忆。设空处修饰memory,作定语,意为“遥远的”,应用形容词,故填distant。
8.答案：trapped
解析：句意为:更多的热能被储存在大气中,导致全球气温上升。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语causes,设空处应用非谓语形式,作后置定语,修饰限定heat energy, trap与其为逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词形式。故填trapped。
9.答案：to communicate
解析：句意为:当我们试图进行跨文化交流时,肢体语言尤为重要。attempt to do sth为固定搭配,意为“试图/尝试做某事”。故填 to communicate。
10.答案：are running
解析：句意为:保护环境变得越来越重要,因为地球的自然资源即将耗尽。设空处作从句谓语,run out意为“用完;耗尽”,此处表示动作正在进行,应用现在进行时;由从句主语natural resources 可知,助动词应用are。故填are running。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Scientists have been measuring the area of the sea ice in Antarctica since 1979. For most of this time, Antarctica seemed to be almost unaffected by the changing weather conditions experienced in other parts of the globe. That began to change around 2016.和第四段中的In 2023和the sea ice extent was at a new record low可知,大部分时间南极海冰几乎没有受到全球其他地区天气变化的影响。但是这种情况在2016年前后发生改变,2023年,海冰最大面积创历史新低。由此推测,画线词意为“缩小;减少”。故选A项。
12.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知,2023年南极海冰面积创历史新低,比1986年创下的最低纪录还少103万平方千米。由此推测,作者提到1986年的记录是为了拿现在和之前的数据作对比。故选B项。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的One likely direct cause of the change is the rising temperatures of the world's ocean.可知,造成南极海冰面积改变的一个直接原因可能是全球海洋温度的上升。故选D项。
14.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的The sea ice is an important factor in lowering the temperatures of the earth.可知,南极海冰是降低地球温度的一个关键因素。故选A项。
三、七选五
答案：BEGDF
解析： ①根据上文可知,大多数人认为组建优秀团队的最好方式是将最有才能的个体聚集在一起;根据下文可知,公司花费巨资雇用商界精英。据此可以判断,B项"运动队的老板花费数百万美元以吸引最优秀的人才"正确。
②E项中的"recent studies"与下文中的"results"和"researchers"对应。
③G项中的"This task interdependence"指代空前提到的研究人员的研究内容,且G项就是对前面提到的"this phenomenon"的解释。
④根据空前句"There is no I in TEAM"和前文所举的体育明星的例子可知,空处所填内容与体育明星有关,而D项中的"this basic principle of sportsmanship"指的就是"There is no I in TEAM",故D项正确。
⑤通读全文可知,空处为全文的总结句。由空后一句可知,一支优秀的团队需要一种平衡:既要有优秀的选手,也要有一般的选手。故F项"组建一个理想的团队比简单地雇用最优秀的人要更复杂"正确。
四、书面表达
Dear WWF,
I'm Li Hua, one of the middle school students. I am writing to inform you of the situation where the birds are living. Some people are catching the lovely birds on the top of the mountain. What's worse, a few people even put birds on tables for dinner.
It is known that birds are human beings' friends. We should live harmoniously with them. For one thing, they can catch pests. For another, without birds our forests would not be lively.
In order to protect birds from being caught or killed, we should widely spread the laws of animal protection. Besides, education and raising people's awareness are also effective measures.
Yours,
Li Hua（9）Unit 5 Humans and Nature—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第二册单元检测卷（A卷）
一、语法填空（共10小题；每小题4分，满分40分）
1.______ this job demands most is perseverance and patience.
2.Some feel that the paintings look dark and ______ (trouble).
3.For a few years, you can just relax and enjoy the ______ (uplift) performances.
4.The Mid-Autumn Festival is a special occasion, _____ families gather together for reunion.
5.I am looking forward to the day _____ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
6.Sales Director is a demanding position, _____ communication ability holds the key.
7.The older generation once experienced a period _____ there were no radios, no telephones or TVs.
8.Thinking about all these changes made me nervous and I was _____(frighten) to face them.
9.For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for _____(survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
10.The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _____ (transform).
二、阅读理解（共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made; a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
11.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
12.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
13.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
14.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
三、七选五（共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）
How to Survive a Flood; Flood Safety Tips
Flooding is a common natural disaster in the world. It is usually caused by heavy or sudden rainfall. Review the following flood safety guidelines to know what you should do to increase your chances of survival.
①_____ If you live in an area that is often flooded-or even if you don't-it's a good idea to be prepared for the worst.
Pay close attention to official flooding updates. And know the difference between a flood "watch" and "warning". ②_____ But a flood warning means flooding is already occurring or will occur soon. In this case, you should be prepared to evacuate at a moment's notice.
Have an emergency survival kit on hand. ③_____ Things such as water, food, a flashlight, a radiophone chargers and a first aid kit should all be included.
Be aware that flash floods can occur. ④_____ Do not wait for instructions to move. When a flood warning is issued for your area, evacuate. Head for higher ground and stay there until you are told that the area is safe.
Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can sweep you off your feet. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. ⑤_____
Turn around, and don't drown! If you come upon a flowing stream where water is above your ankles. stop, turn around and go another way. People often underestimate the force and power of water.
A. Make preparations in advance.
B. That's why the moving water is dangerous.
C. Actually, these two words are quite different.
D. It should be filled with at least three days of supplies.
E. A flood watch means a flood is possible in your area.
F. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you.
G. If there is any possibility of such a flood, move at once to higher ground.
四、书面表达（共1题；满分20分）
假定你是李华,你校英文报社将举办主题为 “自然灾害”的征文活动。请你给美国朋友Bruce Alpert写一封邮件,邀请他参加。内容包括:
1. 说明缘由;
2. 请他介绍美国的自然灾害并谈谈其影响及应对措施等;
3. 告知征文截稿日期。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：What
解析：考查主语从句。句意：这份工作最需要的是毅力和耐心。分析句子结构可知，本空引导主语从句，从句缺少 demands的宾语，应用what引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
2.答案：troubling
解析：考查形容词。句意：有些人觉得这些画看起来阴暗而令人不安。此处应用形容词troubling“令人不安的”与and前的dark并列，作表语。故填troubling。
3.答案：uplifting
解析：考查形容词。句意：在接下来的几年里，你可以放松下来，享受令人振奋的表演。名词performances前用形容词修饰作定语。uplift的形容词形式为uplifting，表示“令人振奋的”之意。故填uplifting。
4.答案： when
解析：句意为:中秋节是家人团聚的特殊时刻。分析句子成分可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词occasion,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故使用关系副词when引导该从句。
5.答案： when
解析：句意为:我一直盼望我的女儿能够阅读这本书并知道我对她的感情的那一天。分析句子成分可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the day,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when引导该从句。
6.答案： where
解析：句意为:销售总监是一个要求很高的职位,交际沟通能力对其至关重要。分析句子成分可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词position, position为抽象地点名词,关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语,故使用关系副词where引导该从句。
7.答案：when
解析：句意为:老一辈的人曾经经历过一段时期,那时没有收音机、电话和电视。分析句子成分可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词period,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故使用关系副词when引导该从句。
8.答案： frightened
解析：句意为:我想到所有这些变化就感到紧张,害怕面对它们。分析句子结构可知,此处作表语,应用形容词。frightened意为“害怕的”,frightening意为“引起恐惧的”;结合句意可知,此处修饰人,表示“害怕的”,应用-ed结尾的形容词。故填frightened。
9.答案：survival
解析：句意为：当心脏病突发时，唯一最佳的存活机会就是有人在旁迅速对你实施心肺复苏。设空处作介词for的宾语，需要填名词。故填survival。
10.答案：transformation
解析：句意: 许多国家的卫生安全系统正经历着重大变革。此处作undergoing的宾语, 应用名词形式。transformation n.变化; 转变。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句中的If you want to tell the history of the whole world... you cannot do it through texts alone和最后一句中的even many literate societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things可知,不能仅依赖文字记录的历史,因为世界上很多地方过去并没有文字;即便今天很多有文字的社会仍不仅使用文字,还使用物品来记录事情。由此推知,本段主要说明过去的事件被呈现的方式。故选A项。
12.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects和 but in many cases we simply can't以及下文From the English side... From the Australian side...可知,作者认为需要结合文字和物品两种形式了解历史,而库克船长只有文字记录,因此作者在文中提到库克船长旨在表明他对事件的记录是片面的。故选D项。
13.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的If you want to tell the history of the whole world... you cannot do it through texts alone和第二段第一句以及画线词后的 we have to read not just the texts, but the objects可知,记录历史不能只用文字,而要将文字和物品相结合,画线词所在句指出,如果我们想要解读“对话”的另一半,就要结合文字与物品。由此可推知,画线词实际上指历史。故选B项。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的even many literate societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things、第二段第一句中的Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects和最后一段最后一句If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.可知,本文主要说明记录历史的手段不应是单一的,而应结合文字和物品。C项中的History 和Objects与本文主题词相同,故本文最可能选自该书。故选C项。
三、七选五
答案：AEDGF
解析：①根据下文的 it's a good idea to be prepared for the worst 可知,本段主要强调了提前做最坏的打算,即提前做好准备。故A项(提前做好准备)符合语境。
②根据空前一句内容可知,要了解洪水“预警”和“警告”之间的区别,空后一句介绍了warning,因此设空处应介绍watch 的含义。故选E项(洪水预警意味着你所在地区可能发生洪水)。
③根据上文的Have an emergency survival kit on hand.可知,本段与应急救生包有关,空后给出了需要准备的物品,D项(它应该装满至少三天的补给)承上启下,该选项中的It指代上文的an emergency survival kit。
④根据上文的Be aware that flash floods can occur.可知,上文提到了可能发生暴洪灾害,空后一句提到不要做的事,故设空处应介绍发生暴洪灾害时的做法,故G项(如果有可能发生这样的洪水,立即转移到地势较高的地方)符合语境。
⑤根据上文内容可知,不要在流动的水中行走,如果必须要在水里走,要走在水不流动的地方。因此,设空处应承接上句,介绍在水里行走的方法,F项(用一根棍子检查前方地面的牢固程度)符合语境。
四、书面表达
Dear Bruce Alpert,
Our school English newspaper will hold an essay competition themed "Natural Disasters". I'd like to invite you to attend it.
As we know, many natural disasters occur every year in America, causing great damage. You can introduce the main natural disasters, such as tornadoes and hurricanes and tell some common knowledge about them and the effects of them. The relative measures you take may benefit us, as we also face many natural disasters.
The deadline is next Friday. I'm looking forward to your article.
Yours,
Li Hua
