（5）Unit 3 Conservation—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册单元检测卷（A卷）
一、语法填空（共10小题；每小题4分，满分40分）
1.The painting will be a lasting memorial _____ a remarkable woman.
2.I could never stand the _____(cruel) involved in wounding animals.
3.Life is full of _____(change) challenges and adventures as art.
4._____ it suggests, in baseball this means that a batter is out after making three unsuccessful attempts to hit the ball.
5.The National Half Marathon, _____ popularity is growing much stronger, has become our annual sport gala.
6.Human activities are very likely to cause the next mass _____(extinct).
7.It is of great _____(urgent) to find out the main cause of the accident.
8.Many young people, most of _____ were well-educated, headed for other regions to chase their dreams.
9.Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into Europe from South America _____(legal).
10.It is predicted that the number of the disabled will be _____ the decrease if a series of prevention policies are carried out.
二、阅读理解（共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）
Climate change and increases in drought and rainstorms pose serious challenges to our water management. An international group of scientists has brought together a large body of research on water quality in rivers worldwide. The study shows that river water quality tends to worsen during extreme weather events. As these events become more often and severe due to climate change, ecosystem health and human access to safe water may be increasingly under threat.
The research led by Dr Michelle van Vliet of Utrecht University analysed 965 cases of river water quality changes during extreme weather such as drought, heatwaves, rainstorms, and flooding. The analysis shows that in most cases water quality tends to become worse during droughts and heatwaves (68%), rainstorms and floods (51%), and under long-term changes in climate (56%). During droughts, less water is available to dilute contaminants(稀释污染物), while rainstorms and floods generally result in more contaminants that run off from land to rivers and streams. Improvements or mixed responses in water quality are also reported for some cases, for example when increased transport of pollutants is offset (抵消) by more dilution during flood events.
Water quality changes are strongly driven by changes in water temperature. Land use and other human factors such as wastewater treatment also shape how this plays out. "Understanding the complex interplay between climate, land use, and human drivers, which together influence the sources and transport of pollutants, is crucial," says van Vliet. The research also calls for more data collection and studies of water quality in non-Western countries. "We need better monitoring of water quality in Africa and Asia. Most water quality studies now focus on rivers and streams in North America and Europe."
The results of the study underline the urgent need for a better understanding of water quality changes during extreme weather events. It sounds an alarm to us. Only then will we be able to develop effective water management strategies that can safeguard our access to clean water and ensure ecosystem health under climate change and increasing weather extremes.
11.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A. Human beings should be blamed for climate change.
B. Worsened water quality is threatening the climate.
C. Water quality in rivers worldwide is under risk.
D. Water management has been improved recently.
12.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The threats caused by extreme weather. B. The factors influencing water safety.
C. The findings of van Vliet's research. D. The design of van Vliet's experiment.
13.According to Paragraph 3, which will van Vliet probably agree with
A. Water quality in non-Western countries is more terrible.
B. Human activities have a big influence on water quality.
C. Related data collection and studies of Europe are adequate.
D. Water quality changes are dominated by water temperature.
14.What is the author's attitude towards van Vliet's research
A. Unclear. B. Contradictory. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
三、七选五（共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）
Climate change has increased average temperatures by 1℃ over the past century, making heat waves more frequent and intense than those at any point in recorded history. ①_____ A study published in the journal Nature Climate Change found global warming responsible for 37 percent of heat-related deaths between 1991 and 2018.
The following is what happens if you're the next to be killed. First, your brain sends a series of messages to your sweat glands (汗腺) telling them to increase sweat production. Then your heart starts beating faster to pump blood to the skin while blood flow is directed away from important organs like your liver, kidneys and guts(肠道). ②_____
If heatstroke occurs, your body might get hot and direct so much oxygen-rich blood to the skin that it suffocates (把……闷死) vital internal organs. If your body fails to cool you down, its internal temperature might start to climb from a normal level to about 40℃. ③_____ You may feel it start as a dull headache. Before long, you might lose consciousness. Your brain might begin to swell.
While you struggle to stay awake and avoid dizzying confusion, the excessive internal heat is damaging your gut, thus causing an inflammatory (炎症的) response. ④_____
That's just part of what we know about how extreme heat kills you. ⑤_____ A lot of what we know comes from studies on animal models, like mice and rats, or from examinations of people dying of heatstroke.
A. At that temperature, your brain becomes affected.
B. As the heat rises quickly, so does the number of deaths.
C. As temperatures tick ever higher, that figure may well rise.
D. That's because we can't study it in humans in the laboratory.
E. Surviving the organ failure might require an emergency transplant.
F. Sometimes, that alone is enough to create problems for a weak or ageing heart.
G. If left untreated, what follows is a flood of organ failure that leads to your death.
四、书面表达（共1题；满分20分）
假定你是李华，准备参加学校月底举行的英语演讲比赛。请给英国笔友John写封邮件，请他帮忙指导。内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.描述困难；
3.期待获得帮助。
注意：
1.字数80左右。
2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear John,
How are you doing
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：to
解析：句意为:这幅油画将成为对一位杰出女性的永久纪念。A memorial to...为固定表达,意为“对……的纪念”。故填to。
2.答案：cruelty
解析：句意为:我永远无法忍受伤害动物时的那种残忍。设空处作stand 的宾语,且被定冠词 the修饰,应用名词。此处表示抽象概念,cruelty 作不可数名词,表示“残酷;残忍”。故填cruelty。
3.答案：changeable
解析：句意为:生活如同艺术,充满了多变的挑战和冒险。根据语境可知,设空处应用形容词作定语,修饰名词短语challenges and adventures。
4.答案： As
解析：句意为:正如它所暗示的,在棒球运动中这意味着击球手在三次击球尝试失败后出局。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代后面的整个主句,在从句中作宾语,表示“正如”,所以应用as来引导该从句;设空处位于句首,首字母应大写,故填As。
5.答案：whose
解析：句意为:全国半程马拉松已经成为我们一年一度的体育盛会,其受欢迎程度越来越高。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词指代先行词The National Half Marathon,在从句中作定语,故填whose。
6.答案： extinction
解析：句意为:人类活动非常有可能引起下一次大规模的物种灭绝。设空处作 cause的宾语,根据语境可知应填名词extinction。
7.答案： urgency
解析：句意为:查明事故的主要起因是十分紧迫的事情"be of+抽象名词"为固定结构,常用来表明事物的特点或特征,其含义相当于对应的形容词含义,即be of great urgency与be very urgent含义相同。故填urgency。
8.答案： whom
解析：句意为:很多年轻人,其中大部分是受过良好教育的,前往其他地区去追逐自己的梦想。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句。在“代词+介词+关系代词”结构中,如果修饰的先行词指人时,使用关系代词whom;如果修饰的先行词指物时,使用关系代词which。句中的先行词为young people,故应用whom。
9.答案：illegally
解析：句意为:昨天,两名从南美洲非法携带动物进入欧洲的人在巴黎的一个机场被捕。设空处应用副词作状语,修饰动名词短语bringing animals into Europe from South America。根据语境可知,此处表示“非法地”,故填illegally。
10.答案：on
解析：句意为:据预测,如果一系列预防政策被实施的话,残疾人的数量将会减少。on the decrease为固定搭配,意为“减少;下降”。故填on。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,水资源质量因气候变化、极端天气等因素受到严峻威胁,世界各地河流的水质处于危险之中。故选C项。
12.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。第二段是总分结构,根据该段第一句可知,本段主要介绍米歇尔 范 弗利特博士领导的研究,根据下句中的The analysis shows可知,下文具体介绍该研究的结果。故选C项。
13.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Land use and other human factors such as wastewater treatment also shape how this plays out.和Understanding the complex interplay between climate, land use, and human drivers, which together influence the sources and transport of pollutants, is crucial 可知,土地使用和废水处理等其他人为因素也影响水质变化,弗利特认为了解气候、土地利用和人类驱动因素之间的复杂相互作用至关重要,因此可得出她认为人类活动对水质有很大影响。故选B项。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The results of the study underline the urgent need for a better understanding of water quality changes during extreme weather events. It sounds an alarm to us.可知,作者认为该研究给我们敲响了警钟,所以对该研究持支持态度。故选D项。
三、七选五
答案：BFAGD
解析：①根据后文的A study published in the journal Nature Climate Change found global warming responsible for 37 percent of heat-related deaths between 1991 and 2018.可知,前文应该强调的是热浪造成死亡,即两者之间的正相关关系。B项引起下文,符合语境。故选B项。
②根据前文的Then your heart starts beating faster to pump blood to the skin while blood flow is directed away from important organs like your liver, kidneys and guts.可知,此处从热浪对身体各个器官产生影响的机理入手,对热浪如何会造成死亡进行分析,由此可知,后文应阐述该消极影响所产生的后果,故F项符合语境。其中,F项中的that指代前文内容。故选F项。
③前文的If your body fails to cool you down, its internal temperature might start to climb from a normal level to about 40℃.提到身体内部温度可能会从正常水平攀升到40摄氏度左右,A项指出身体内部发生这样的温度变化,大脑开始受到影响。A项中的that temperature即前文中的40℃。故选A项。
④根据前文内容可知,第一段介绍了极端的炎热会使人死亡;从第二段开始,文章介绍了极端炎热导致人死亡的过程;再根据本段中的While you struggle to stay awake and avoid dizzying confusion, the excessive internal heat is damaging your gut, thus causing an inflammatory response.可知,本段介绍的是体内温度过高会损伤肠道,继而引发炎症反应。G项(如果得不到治疗,随之而来的就是许多脏器衰竭,最终导致死亡)承接上文,符合语境。故选G项。
⑤根据上文的That's just part of what we know about how extreme heat kills you.可知,关于极端高温如何会造成人类死亡这一问题,我们仅仅知道其中的一部分内容,后文说这是因为我们所获得的很多信息都来自对动物模型的研究,因为我们不能在实验室环境下对人类机体本身进行研究,D项解释了原因,承上启下,符合语境。故选D项。
四、书面表达
Dear John,
How are you doing I will participate in an English speech competition which will be held at the end of this month. But I have some difficulty preparing for it. So I am writing to you for help.
My biggest headache is how to choose a proper theme. As you know, too ordinary themes will not touch the audience. Moreover, my vocabulary is poor, so I am wondering how to compose an excellent speech with limited vocabulary. Finally, I hope you can recommend some relevant books to me.
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua（6）Unit 3 Conservation—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第二册单元检测卷（B卷）
一、语法填空（共10小题；每小题4分，满分40分）
1.Marine pollution partly arises from varieties of _____(agriculture) rubbish.
2.Natural disasters have been _____(increasing) frequent in recent decades.
3.Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind, resulting _____ a favourable environment for the elderly people.
4.All too often, great words in a book end up _____(turn) into cinematic “turkeys”.
5.The wrapping paper stops products _____(pollute) by fluids during transport, like water or oil.
6.Bacteria are an _____(annoy) problem for astronauts.
7.Knowing and controlling your blood pressure helps cut the risk of stroke _____ up to 40 percent.
8.Although running _____(regular) can't make you live forever, it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
9.He dropped behind other classmates this term, fully _____(addict) to computer games.
10.The largest conference room can seat 1,000 guests, making it the most _____(suit) for major conferences, award dinners and fashion shows.
二、阅读理解（共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）
As an ecologist and consultant, I have been involved with a range of ecosystem restoration projects. It is clear to me, as it will no doubt be clear to readers, that ecosystem restoration is crucial. As we seek to mitigate (缓解) and adapt to climate change, and work to reverse (扭转) biodiversity losses, restoration is an important part of the global solution. But while it is widely understood that ecosystem restoration is the right thing to do, there is far less understanding about what exactly it means, and how it is to be achieved.
One of the most obvious misunderstandings about ecosystem restoration is that it is all about action, especially planting trees. It is important to understand that forest and woodland ecosystems are not the only crucial environments to restore. Ecosystem restoration relates directly to a huge range of different systems—to farmland soils, to grassland systems—and of course, to our seas and oceans.
Ecosystem restoration is not always about actively intervening. In many instances, passive intervention can be just as effective, if not more so, than active. Tis involves simply letting nature take the reins (掌管). But there are situations in which humans have damaged the environment to such a degree that natural regeneration is impossible. This is when carefully designed action is required.
Another key thing to remember is that we cannot succeed in ecosystem restoration without local people's involvement and, ideally, their leadership. When a community feels a sense of belonging and a deep connection with the land, this provides a firm foundation for future conservation and restoration work.
While I dislike taking an overly human-centred view, environmental issues cannot be separated in our complex modern world from socio-economic ones. We need to look at people and the planet as a whole and appreciate the complex web of human life and its interaction with the natural world in order to form practical restoration solutions. It is only when we consider the natural environment and human society as interconnected that we can really continue to make progress.
11.Which shows the proper understanding of ecosystem restoration
A. Community-led efforts should be reduced.
B. Ecosystem restoration involves a variety of systems.
C. Direct action on forest ecosystems should be avoided.
D. The more trees we plant, the better the ecosystems will be.
12.In what case is active intervention a must
A. Nature fails to restore itself to health.
B. The cost of passive intervention is high.
C. A large population relies on natural resources.
D. Active intervention can improve the local economy.
13.According to the last paragraph, what should be done to make practical restoration plans
A. Focusing on the interests of humans.
B. Making nature conservation a top priority.
C. Conducting a survey of local natural resources.
D. Taking both social factors and nature into account.
14.What is mainly talked about in the text
A. How people can benefit from ecosystem restoration.
B. What challenge people face in ecosystem restoration.
C. Why ecosystem restoration becomes increasingly urgent.
D. How we can repair damaged ecosystems more effectively.
三、七选五（共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ①______ According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
②______ If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). ③______ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ④______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
⑤______ While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.
A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B.So what are you waiting for
C.Being in nature refreshes us.
D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F.Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G.All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
四、书面表达（共1题；满分20分）
假定你是李华，你校广播站正在招募英语播音员，请你写一封申请信，内容包括：
1. 表示对该工作的兴趣；
2. 介绍自己的优势；
3. 期待对方回复。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Sir/ Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：agricultural
解析：句意为:海洋污染物一部分来自各种各样的农业垃圾。设空处修饰后面的名词rubbish,应用形容词。
2.答案：increasingly
解析：句意为:近几十年来,自然灾害变得越来越频繁。设空处修饰形容词frequent,应用副词,作状语,故填increasingly。
3.答案：in
解析：句意为:与动物待在一起被认为可以养成一种平静的心态,从而为老年人创造一个有利的环境。result in为固定搭配,意为“造成;导致”。故填in。
4.答案：turning/being turned
解析：句意为:很多时候,书中的精彩文字最终变成了失败的电影。end up doing sth为固定用法,表示“以做某事告终”,所以设空处应用动名词形式作宾语;turn (...) into...表示“(使)变成”,既可作及物动词短语,又可作不及物动词短语,故填turning/being turned。
5.答案：being polluted
解析：句意为:彩色包装纸可以使产品在运输过程中免受水、油等液体的污染。stop sb/sth (from) doing sth为固定用法,意为“阻止某人/物做某事”,此处表被动,要用动名词的被动形式。
6.答案： annoying
解析：句意为:细菌对航天员来说是个令人气恼的问题。设空处修饰名词problem,应用形容词。此处指事物的性质是“令人心烦的”,应用-ing形式的形容词,故填 annoying。
7.答案： by
解析：句意为:了解和控制你的血压有助于将患中风的危险降低40%。cut... by...表示“将……减少了……”,此处介词by表示差值。故填by。
8.答案： regularly
解析：句意为:尽管经常跑步无法使你长生不老,但是它却比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。设空处修饰动词running,应用副词作状语。
9.答案：addicted
解析：句意为:这学期他的功课落后于其他同学,缘于他完全沉迷于电脑游戏。此处为形容词短语作原因状语。Be addicted to...意为“沉迷于……”。
10.答案：suitable
解析：句意为:最大的会议室能坐1,000名宾客,最适合举办大型会议、颁奖晚宴和时装表演。根据句意和设空处前面的the most可知,设空处应填形容词,此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构,设空处为形容词作宾补。故填suitable。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的It is important to understand that forest and woodland ecosystems are not the only crucial environments to restore. Ecosystem restoration relates directly to a huge range of different systems—to farmland soils, to grassland systems—and of course, to our seas and oceans.可知,生态系统的修复涉及不同的生态系统。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的But there are situations in which humans have damaged the environment to such a degree that natural regeneration is impossible. This is when carefully designed action is required.可知,当环境无法自然再生时,主动干预是必要的。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的While I dislike taking an overly human-centred view, environmental issues cannot be separated in our complex modern world from socio-economic ones. We need to look at people and the planet as a whole and appreciate the complex web of human life and its interaction with the natural world in order to form practical restoration solutions.可知,要形成切实可行的修复方案,我们需要综合考虑社会经济和自然因素。
14.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是最后一段中的It is only when we consider the natural environment and human society as interconnected that we can really continue to make progress,可知,文章围绕生态系统的修复展开,说明了这是一个复杂的问题,生态修复涉及很多不同的生态系统,许多情况下也无须主动干预,同时要综合考虑环境和社会经济等方面的因素。故本文旨在说明如何更有效地修复受损的生态系统。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤ EAGCD
解析：①设空处前句提到"go out and get some fresh air", 然后设空处后一句就是针对提问的回答"the answer is a big YES", 设空处应是针对呼吸新鲜空气这件事情进行提问, 所以选择E项。
②设空处后面都是在阐述呼吸新鲜空气的好处, 尤其两次提到oxygen(氧气), oxygen与A项中的lungs有联系, 所以选择A项。
③设空处前一句中的关键词healing与G项中的Healing对应, G项中的recovery与设空处后一句中的recovery对应。此外, G项中出现Healing Gardens, 后一句马上出现In these places来指代Healing Gardens, 因此答案是G项。
④此段讲了接近大自然有助于病人的康复, 并对有哪些帮助进行了进一步说明, 所以在本段的最后再次进行总结, 话题依然与大自然有关, 而且是总结性的句子, 所以选择C项。C项中nature与话题一致, 与设空处后一句均是对本段的收尾。
⑤设空处后一句中的the sun's rays与D项中的sunlight对应。而D项中的Another side benefit of getting fresh air又是对前面段落中阐述呼吸新鲜空气有好处的延伸, 因此D项是最佳选项。
四、书面表达
Dear Sir/ Madam,
I’ve heard that a broadcaster who can speak English is wanted, which appeals to me very much. Here is my introduction.
First of all, I’ve learned broadcasting as a hobby, which I think will help me to handle the job well. What’s more, two years’ experiences in England give me the chance to better my spoken English. Being energetic and responsible, I believe I am capable of dealing with the tasks in the job. At last, I hope I can make great progress and improve myself through the job.
I would really appreciate it if you can give me the chance. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
