北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 2 Success Lesson 3 Getting to the Top Grammar课件(共20张）

(共20张PPT)
Unit 2 Success
Lesson 3 Getting to the top
Grammar: Articles
To learn about and practise articles
Learning objective
1. Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to ______ limits
2. I miss ______ birthday parties, ruin family holidays and skip nights out.
3. “We’re worried about you,” said my friend from across ______ table.
4. Don’t they know how hard it is to be at ______ top in sport
5. …because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown ______ Johannesburg.
6. I was born with an enormous amount of ______ drive and determination.
7. I was ______ only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys.
8. But if your dream is to be ______ best and reach the winner’s platform, you had better be totally committed to your sport.
Complete the sentences with definite article the or zero articles.
/
the
the
the
/
/
the
the
Find examples for the rules about definite article the and zero articles from the sentences above.
We use the definite article the:
when there is only one of something (e.g. the top).
when we refer to something unique (e.g. ____________)
for superlatives (e.g. _________).
for known things that do not need to be introduced or explained (e.g. _____________).
for certain idioms (e.g. _________________________).
the only girl
the best
aross the table; put the limit
the sacrifices
We use the zero article:
with proper nouns, i.e. the names of people and places
(e.g. _______________).
with plural countable nouns referring to things in general
(e.g. _______________).
with uncountable nouns referring to something in general
(e.g. _______________).
Johannesburg
birthday parties
drive
一、不定冠词a(an)
1. 主要用在可数名词单数前，表示：
1)“一个”(意思接近one)。如：
He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife.
2)“某一个”(= a certain, 仍可译为“一个”)。如：
We arrived in England on a cold wet Sunday in 1963.
3) 某类人或物。如：
Ben doesn't seem to be a particularly able person.
冠词
2. 用在抽象名词或物质名词前, 表示“一种, 一类”等。
如：
What a shame he couldn't be there to receive the prize!
Most plants won't grow in a soil that contains too much
sand.
3. 用在序数词前，表示序数词并无与其他事物一一排比的
含义。如：
Can you give me a second chance
4. 用在专有名词前，表示“一位，一个，某位，某个”或“……式的人”。如：
There's a Mr. Alex Murray asking to see you.
He is being described as a young Albert Einstein.
5. 用在某些固定短语中，如all of a sudden, as a matter of
fact, as a result, for a while, at a disadvantage。
二、定冠词the
用于特指一定的人或事物或上下文提到的人或事物
用在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前
用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前以及表示江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的名词前。
用在序数词前、形容词最高级前或用于特指“两者中较……的一个”
用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，指全家人或全家人中的一些人，如夫妇俩
用在表示年代、朝代、时代的名词前
用在某些固定短语中，如to tell the truth, by the way, on the contrary, in the middle of
三、零冠词
名词前有this, that, these, those, some, no或形容词性物主代词时用零冠词
用在表示季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐的名词前，以及表示体育运动项目、学科、运输或通讯方式等的名词前
用在专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名等的名词前。
用在作表语、同位语等的表示身份或职务的名词前
用在某些固定短语中，如catch fire, lose face, at home, by heart, in place of, make use of
四、冠词的活用
1. 抽象名词具体化:
抽象名词表示泛指, 与零冠词连用, 但被具体化后可以和不定冠词连用。如:
a surprise 一件意外的事情
a succes 一个(件)成功的人(事)
2. 个体名词的抽象化:
个体名词被抽象化后, 与零冠词连用。如:
go to a school 去一所学校 (school为个体名词)
go to school 去上学 (school为抽象名词)
3. 专有名词普通化:
专有名词不与冠词连用, 但被普通化后表示泛指, 要与不定冠词连用。如:
Learn from Comrade Lei Feng.
向雷锋同志学习。( Lei Feng为专有名词, 与零冠词连用)
He is a Lei Feng.
他是一个活雷锋
4. 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词, 如: sun, moon, earth, universe, world等, 常与定冠词连用, 但该名词前有形容词修饰时,可以与不定冠词连用。如:
A bright moon is hanging in the sky.
一轮明月正悬挂在空中。
We are building a new world.
我们正在建立一个新世界。
5. “the + 形容词比较级”表示 “较……的”; “a/an + 形容词比较级”表示 “更……的”。
如:
Tom is the taller of the two boys
(两个男孩子中较高的)
This pair of shoes is too small. Would you show me a bigger pair
(更大的)
6. “the+形容词最高级” 表示比较, 意为: 最……的; “a/an+形容词最高级”无比较含义。如:
It is the most useful dictionary.
它是最有用的词典。
It is a most useful dictionary. (most=very)
它是一本非常有用的词典。
7. “the+序数词” 表示次序; “a/an+序数词”不表示与其他人或物排序,而表示“又一, 再一”。如:
It is the second time that he has visited the city.
这是他第二次参观这座城市。(表示次序)
Can you give me a second chance (a second = another)
你能再给我一次机会吗
8. 乐器名词前的冠词活用 如:
He is playing the piano.
(西洋乐器前常加定冠词)
He is playing a borrowed piano.
(西洋乐器被当作普通名词使用时, 可与不定冠词连用)
Complete the sentences with “the” or “/”.
1. How far is it from _____ capital city
2. Did you see _____ last episode of Heroes
3. I’ve bought a new phone. _____ phone’s got a fantastic camera.
4. Who is _____ best singer at the moment
5. All children should do _____ sports when they are at _____ school.
6. Is that _____ house where you grew up
the
the
The
the
/
/
the
Practice
1. The plum trees are _____ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
2. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with ______ rise of science, changes began.
the
the
3. Of _____ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three
are declining.
4. Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.（改错）
5. When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was _____ joke.
a
the
︿
a
6. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.（改错）
7. Everybody wears ______ same style of clothes.
the
a
Review Grammar.
Finish Ex. 6 on page 85.
Homework