词汇学习——形形色色看词缀学习案（牛津译林版九年级上册英语）
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| 名称 | 词汇学习——形形色色看词缀学习案（牛津译林版九年级上册英语） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 27.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-10-13 16:26:08 | ||
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文档简介
牛津译林初中英语中的词缀
词形转换是一直以来初中英语重点考查的项目之一。具体的题型有“用所给词的适当形式填空”、“短文填空”，在完形填空等题型中也屡见不鲜。该题型既要求考生具备扎实的单词拼写识记能力，更要求学生能够根据具体的语境、句型、前后搭配而灵活运用单词的各种变化形式。而构词法中的派生词(指一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成的单词)在其中占相当的比重：
一.副词后缀-ly
很多形容词都可通过加后缀-ly而转化为副词，用来修饰行为动词、形容词或。 如：bad-badly careful-carefully real-really clear-clearly wide-widely quick-quickly safe -safely polite -politely quiet -quietly usual -usually lucky -luckily heavy -heavily happy-happily easy-easily angry-angrily等都是考查的热点。考生在做这类词形转换时，最大的困难在于难以决定用形容词还是副词。如:
⑴She is looking__________________(happy) at herself in the mirror.
(2)It’s_______________(real) cold today.
(Keys: happily/really)
这两题中，考生都会误以为是系表结构，而用形容词。事实上两句中都应该用副词来分别修饰行为动词look和形容词cold。
★★★实战训练营：
1. Be careful, or you won't work out the physics problem_________(easy).
2.He is doing his homework as________(care) as Beibei.
3. English is ___________(wide) used in the world.
4.How___________(happy) they are watching the football match on TV!
(Keys: easily/carefully/widely/happily)
二.序数词后缀-th/eth
基数词通过加后缀-th变为序数词(first、 second、 third特殊)，用来表示顺序。如：
9 four-fourth five-fifth nine-ninth Iwelve-lwelfth twenty-twentieth 等。
★★★实战训练营：
5.1 think the ___________(four)lesson is the most difficult in the book.
6.My mother has just had her___________(fifty) birthday.
7.1 live on the ___________(five) floor in that tall building.
8.There are two dialogues in the___________（twelve）lesson.
(Keys: touth/fiftieth/fifth/twlfth)
三.名词后缀-er/or
某些动词加后缀-er/or用来表示该动作的执行者。如：farm-farmer play--player
sing--singer work-worker write-writer own-owner run-runner win-winner act-actor invrnt-inventor visit-visitor等。命题时，考查这些词的复数形式更为常见，所以考生要特别小心。
★★★实战训练营：
9.At the end of first lap, all the___________(run) were neck and neck.
10.He is showing some___________(visit) from Japan around our school.
11 .Who are the___________(write)of the dictionary
12.Every child has a dream. My dream is to be a pop___________(sing).
(Keys:runners/visitors/writer/singer )
四.比较等级后缀-er/est
形容词和副词的比较等级是初中阶段的语法重点。考生要熟记各种变化规则和不规则变化，同时要弄清比较的范围，确定比较级和最高级的取舍。
★★★实战训练营：
13. Bill got up___________(early) than his sister.
14.There are four people in my family. I’m the___________(young) of all.
15.Which river is___________(long), the Yangtze River or the Yellow River
16.Today is perhaps the___________(hot) day of these days.
(Keys:earlier/ youngest/longer/hottest)
五.形容词后缀-y/ly
某些名词加后缀-y转化为形容词。如：cloud-cloudy wind-windy sun-sunny rain-rainy snow-snowy fun-funny noise-noisy health-healthy hunger-hungry luck-lucky love-lovely friend-friendly 等。
★★★实战训练营：
17.What bad weather! It's___________(cloud) again.
18.MTum down the radio. It,s too___________(noise), said mother.
19.If you want to keep__________(health), you ,d better take more exercises and eat less food.
20.Miss Li is very ___________(friend) to us. We all like her.
(Keys:cloudy/noisy/healthy/friendly )
六.分词形容词后缀-ed/ing
有些动词可以后缀-ed/ing 用作形容词：interest-interested/interesting excite- excited/exciting suqirise-surprised/surprising tire-tired/tiring live-living worry-worried crowd-crowded等。有的考生容易混淆前四组形容词。教你一招：先看后，再看前。“先 看后”指先看看空格后所接的名词表示人还是表示物。表示人，加-ed; 表示物，加-ing. “再看前”指的是如果空格后没有名词，再看看前面主语是人还是物。
★★★实战训练营：
21. I think English is very useful. Are you ___________(interest) in it
22.The book is very___________(interest). She enjoys it very
23.There are over 5000 —___________(live) languages in the world.
24. You may be___________(worry) if you are in trouble and have no one to help you.
25.Lily told us a___________(surprise) piece of news.
(Keys:interested/intereting/living/worried/surprising )
七.其他形容词后缀-ern/ful/en/ous
如：south-southern north-northern east-eastern west-western care-careful help- helpful color -colorful pain -painful thank -thankful use -useful wonder -wonderful danger-dangerous
★★★实战训练营：
26.The Shute family live in the___________(south) part of the USA.
27.Do you think your school life is___________(color)
28.Too much homework is really___________(pain) to students.
29.The small town lies in the___________(north) part of the island.
30.Could you tell me how much you paid for this ___________(wool) sweater
(Keys:southern/colourful/painful/northern/woolen )
八.动名词或现在分词后缀-ing
动词加后缀-ing转化为动名词或现在分词，做主语、宾语、定语或固定结构等。 如：build -building read -reading swim -swimming run -running jog -jogging shop - shopping skate-skating等。
考生易出现两类失误：
①双写出错，如:runing,rainning等
②在做宾语用的动名词刖加上be动词°如：She is good at is swimming.
★★★实战训练营：
31.Tom enjoys___________(skate) very much.
32.Please make a ___________(shop) list before you go out to buy things.
33.Lily is a quiet girl. She enjoys___________(read) very much.
34.We often go___________(swim) in summer.
(Keys:skating/shopping/reading/swimming )
九. 名词后缀-ion/ation
某些动词加后缀-ion 变为名词。如：eollect-collection invent-invention invite-invitation
celebrate-celebration instruct-instruction等。考生做这种变化时，也要注意单复数。
★★★实战训练营：
35. A computer is one of the most useful ___________(invent).
(Keys:inventions )
十.名词后缀-ness/ist/th/ty/ce/y/an/ese/
这些在中考中要充分重视。如busy-business kind- kindness ill – illness happy-happiness dark-darkness science—schientist art-artist piano –pianist tour—tourist wide-width true-truth dead—death long-length difficult—difficult sate-safety important -importance different-difference one-once two-twice library -librarian music- musician America -American Canada -Canadian India -Indian China -Chinese Japan - Japanese
★★★实战训练营：
36. As a________, she works to serve readers. (library)
(Keys:librarian )
十一.形容词反义前缀-im/un/in/dis及反义后缀-less
如：possible-impossible polite-impolite happy -unhappy usual -unusual able-unable lucky -unlucky like - unlike honest-dishonest correct-incorrect active-inactive care-careless help-helpless use-useless home-homeless end-endless
★★★实战训练营：
37.lt's___________(usual) for him to go out much because he likes reading at home.
38. ___________(like) football, basketball is played with five members on each side.
39. Allan was very___________(care) yesterday and broke one of his legs.
(Keys: unusual/unlike/careless)
十二.复合词缀
有时所给的词要经过几步变化，转换为前后缀兼有或几个后缀的复合词缀形式，才符合题意要求。这种题型难度较大,需要考生特别细心。
★★★实战训练营：
40 .The more exercise you take, the_________ you'll be. (health)
解题思路:health-healthy-healthier
41.Tom did his homework so___________(care) that he made many mistakes yesterday.
解题思路：care-careless-carelessly
42.Another two pupils swam across the Qiongzhou Channel_______ on June 2, 2005.(success)
解题思路：success-successful-successfully
43. ___________(luck), I ‘ve bought the last tickets for the interesting film.
解题思路：luck-lucky-luckily
44. He was___________(luck) to lose all the books borrowed from the school library.
解题思路luck-lucky-unlucky
(Keys: healthier/carelessly/successfully/Luckily)
综合近年江苏各地中考英语试卷中词缀考法的题型，可以看出考查的范围相对稳定，但所提供的情景越来越丰富，对考生灵活运用词汇的能力要求越来越高。不过，同学们只要平时多注意归纳，是能做好这类词形转换的。
小试牛刀
1. Papermaking is one of the four great __________ from ancient China. (invent)
(连云港，2023)
2. —What does UNICEF do for children in poor areas —It provides basic ________ (教育) for them. （宿迁，2023）
3. Alice likes dancing and she dreams of being a ballet ________ (舞蹈家) in the future.
（宿迁，2023）
4. In the folk story, the amazing white snake is ________ (lucky) saved by a young man.
（镇江，2023）
5. With the help of a robot Eddie has no ________ (difficult) cleaning his house. （镇江，2023）
6. The weekly lunch menu for students is put on the school website at a ________ (fix) time.
（镇江，2023）
7. Tan Dun is one of the greatest ________ (音乐家) in the world. I like him very much.
（镇江，2023）
8. The singer was almost ________ (不知名的) in this country until recently. （无锡，2023）
9. The __________ (win) of this year’s Spelling Bee is Daniel! （无锡，2023）
10. The Changjiang Delta is a very __________ (wealth) area in China.
11. Our planet is becoming more and more ________ (pollute). How can we start all over again （无锡，2023）
12. Follow these tips, and you can enjoy your summer ________. (safe)（扬州，2023）
13. Everyone’s small acts of ____can make a big difference to the world. (kind) (盐城，2022)
14. The Milu deer live ____and freely in Dafeng Nature Reserve. (comfortable).(盐城，2022)
15. Check the answer on the Internet if you are ________ (不确定) about it.
（连云港，2022）
16. With the ________ (develop) of the society, more and more people devote their energy to charity. （泰州，2022））
17 Some people don’t like the fruit __________ (simple) because of smell. （无锡，2023）
18. For your own _____________ (safe), you shouldn’t climb mountains alone.
（无锡，2022）
19. A ________ competitive spirit can push people to try to be better.（health）
20. Let me repeat ________ what he just said.（exact）
（扬州，2022）
(Keys: )
inventions
education
dancer
luckily
difficulty
fixed
musician
unknown
winner
wealthy
polluted
safely
kindness
comfortably
uncertain
development
simply
safety
healthy
exactly
词形转换是一直以来初中英语重点考查的项目之一。具体的题型有“用所给词的适当形式填空”、“短文填空”，在完形填空等题型中也屡见不鲜。该题型既要求考生具备扎实的单词拼写识记能力，更要求学生能够根据具体的语境、句型、前后搭配而灵活运用单词的各种变化形式。而构词法中的派生词(指一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成的单词)在其中占相当的比重：
一.副词后缀-ly
很多形容词都可通过加后缀-ly而转化为副词，用来修饰行为动词、形容词或。 如：bad-badly careful-carefully real-really clear-clearly wide-widely quick-quickly safe -safely polite -politely quiet -quietly usual -usually lucky -luckily heavy -heavily happy-happily easy-easily angry-angrily等都是考查的热点。考生在做这类词形转换时，最大的困难在于难以决定用形容词还是副词。如:
⑴She is looking__________________(happy) at herself in the mirror.
(2)It’s_______________(real) cold today.
(Keys: happily/really)
这两题中，考生都会误以为是系表结构，而用形容词。事实上两句中都应该用副词来分别修饰行为动词look和形容词cold。
★★★实战训练营：
1. Be careful, or you won't work out the physics problem_________(easy).
2.He is doing his homework as________(care) as Beibei.
3. English is ___________(wide) used in the world.
4.How___________(happy) they are watching the football match on TV!
(Keys: easily/carefully/widely/happily)
二.序数词后缀-th/eth
基数词通过加后缀-th变为序数词(first、 second、 third特殊)，用来表示顺序。如：
9 four-fourth five-fifth nine-ninth Iwelve-lwelfth twenty-twentieth 等。
★★★实战训练营：
5.1 think the ___________(four)lesson is the most difficult in the book.
6.My mother has just had her___________(fifty) birthday.
7.1 live on the ___________(five) floor in that tall building.
8.There are two dialogues in the___________（twelve）lesson.
(Keys: touth/fiftieth/fifth/twlfth)
三.名词后缀-er/or
某些动词加后缀-er/or用来表示该动作的执行者。如：farm-farmer play--player
sing--singer work-worker write-writer own-owner run-runner win-winner act-actor invrnt-inventor visit-visitor等。命题时，考查这些词的复数形式更为常见，所以考生要特别小心。
★★★实战训练营：
9.At the end of first lap, all the___________(run) were neck and neck.
10.He is showing some___________(visit) from Japan around our school.
11 .Who are the___________(write)of the dictionary
12.Every child has a dream. My dream is to be a pop___________(sing).
(Keys:runners/visitors/writer/singer )
四.比较等级后缀-er/est
形容词和副词的比较等级是初中阶段的语法重点。考生要熟记各种变化规则和不规则变化，同时要弄清比较的范围，确定比较级和最高级的取舍。
★★★实战训练营：
13. Bill got up___________(early) than his sister.
14.There are four people in my family. I’m the___________(young) of all.
15.Which river is___________(long), the Yangtze River or the Yellow River
16.Today is perhaps the___________(hot) day of these days.
(Keys:earlier/ youngest/longer/hottest)
五.形容词后缀-y/ly
某些名词加后缀-y转化为形容词。如：cloud-cloudy wind-windy sun-sunny rain-rainy snow-snowy fun-funny noise-noisy health-healthy hunger-hungry luck-lucky love-lovely friend-friendly 等。
★★★实战训练营：
17.What bad weather! It's___________(cloud) again.
18.MTum down the radio. It,s too___________(noise), said mother.
19.If you want to keep__________(health), you ,d better take more exercises and eat less food.
20.Miss Li is very ___________(friend) to us. We all like her.
(Keys:cloudy/noisy/healthy/friendly )
六.分词形容词后缀-ed/ing
有些动词可以后缀-ed/ing 用作形容词：interest-interested/interesting excite- excited/exciting suqirise-surprised/surprising tire-tired/tiring live-living worry-worried crowd-crowded等。有的考生容易混淆前四组形容词。教你一招：先看后，再看前。“先 看后”指先看看空格后所接的名词表示人还是表示物。表示人，加-ed; 表示物，加-ing. “再看前”指的是如果空格后没有名词，再看看前面主语是人还是物。
★★★实战训练营：
21. I think English is very useful. Are you ___________(interest) in it
22.The book is very___________(interest). She enjoys it very
23.There are over 5000 —___________(live) languages in the world.
24. You may be___________(worry) if you are in trouble and have no one to help you.
25.Lily told us a___________(surprise) piece of news.
(Keys:interested/intereting/living/worried/surprising )
七.其他形容词后缀-ern/ful/en/ous
如：south-southern north-northern east-eastern west-western care-careful help- helpful color -colorful pain -painful thank -thankful use -useful wonder -wonderful danger-dangerous
★★★实战训练营：
26.The Shute family live in the___________(south) part of the USA.
27.Do you think your school life is___________(color)
28.Too much homework is really___________(pain) to students.
29.The small town lies in the___________(north) part of the island.
30.Could you tell me how much you paid for this ___________(wool) sweater
(Keys:southern/colourful/painful/northern/woolen )
八.动名词或现在分词后缀-ing
动词加后缀-ing转化为动名词或现在分词，做主语、宾语、定语或固定结构等。 如：build -building read -reading swim -swimming run -running jog -jogging shop - shopping skate-skating等。
考生易出现两类失误：
①双写出错，如:runing,rainning等
②在做宾语用的动名词刖加上be动词°如：She is good at is swimming.
★★★实战训练营：
31.Tom enjoys___________(skate) very much.
32.Please make a ___________(shop) list before you go out to buy things.
33.Lily is a quiet girl. She enjoys___________(read) very much.
34.We often go___________(swim) in summer.
(Keys:skating/shopping/reading/swimming )
九. 名词后缀-ion/ation
某些动词加后缀-ion 变为名词。如：eollect-collection invent-invention invite-invitation
celebrate-celebration instruct-instruction等。考生做这种变化时，也要注意单复数。
★★★实战训练营：
35. A computer is one of the most useful ___________(invent).
(Keys:inventions )
十.名词后缀-ness/ist/th/ty/ce/y/an/ese/
这些在中考中要充分重视。如busy-business kind- kindness ill – illness happy-happiness dark-darkness science—schientist art-artist piano –pianist tour—tourist wide-width true-truth dead—death long-length difficult—difficult sate-safety important -importance different-difference one-once two-twice library -librarian music- musician America -American Canada -Canadian India -Indian China -Chinese Japan - Japanese
★★★实战训练营：
36. As a________, she works to serve readers. (library)
(Keys:librarian )
十一.形容词反义前缀-im/un/in/dis及反义后缀-less
如：possible-impossible polite-impolite happy -unhappy usual -unusual able-unable lucky -unlucky like - unlike honest-dishonest correct-incorrect active-inactive care-careless help-helpless use-useless home-homeless end-endless
★★★实战训练营：
37.lt's___________(usual) for him to go out much because he likes reading at home.
38. ___________(like) football, basketball is played with five members on each side.
39. Allan was very___________(care) yesterday and broke one of his legs.
(Keys: unusual/unlike/careless)
十二.复合词缀
有时所给的词要经过几步变化，转换为前后缀兼有或几个后缀的复合词缀形式，才符合题意要求。这种题型难度较大,需要考生特别细心。
★★★实战训练营：
40 .The more exercise you take, the_________ you'll be. (health)
解题思路:health-healthy-healthier
41.Tom did his homework so___________(care) that he made many mistakes yesterday.
解题思路：care-careless-carelessly
42.Another two pupils swam across the Qiongzhou Channel_______ on June 2, 2005.(success)
解题思路：success-successful-successfully
43. ___________(luck), I ‘ve bought the last tickets for the interesting film.
解题思路：luck-lucky-luckily
44. He was___________(luck) to lose all the books borrowed from the school library.
解题思路luck-lucky-unlucky
(Keys: healthier/carelessly/successfully/Luckily)
综合近年江苏各地中考英语试卷中词缀考法的题型，可以看出考查的范围相对稳定，但所提供的情景越来越丰富，对考生灵活运用词汇的能力要求越来越高。不过，同学们只要平时多注意归纳，是能做好这类词形转换的。
小试牛刀
1. Papermaking is one of the four great __________ from ancient China. (invent)
(连云港，2023)
2. —What does UNICEF do for children in poor areas —It provides basic ________ (教育) for them. （宿迁，2023）
3. Alice likes dancing and she dreams of being a ballet ________ (舞蹈家) in the future.
（宿迁，2023）
4. In the folk story, the amazing white snake is ________ (lucky) saved by a young man.
（镇江，2023）
5. With the help of a robot Eddie has no ________ (difficult) cleaning his house. （镇江，2023）
6. The weekly lunch menu for students is put on the school website at a ________ (fix) time.
（镇江，2023）
7. Tan Dun is one of the greatest ________ (音乐家) in the world. I like him very much.
（镇江，2023）
8. The singer was almost ________ (不知名的) in this country until recently. （无锡，2023）
9. The __________ (win) of this year’s Spelling Bee is Daniel! （无锡，2023）
10. The Changjiang Delta is a very __________ (wealth) area in China.
11. Our planet is becoming more and more ________ (pollute). How can we start all over again （无锡，2023）
12. Follow these tips, and you can enjoy your summer ________. (safe)（扬州，2023）
13. Everyone’s small acts of ____can make a big difference to the world. (kind) (盐城，2022)
14. The Milu deer live ____and freely in Dafeng Nature Reserve. (comfortable).(盐城，2022)
15. Check the answer on the Internet if you are ________ (不确定) about it.
（连云港，2022）
16. With the ________ (develop) of the society, more and more people devote their energy to charity. （泰州，2022））
17 Some people don’t like the fruit __________ (simple) because of smell. （无锡，2023）
18. For your own _____________ (safe), you shouldn’t climb mountains alone.
（无锡，2022）
19. A ________ competitive spirit can push people to try to be better.（health）
20. Let me repeat ________ what he just said.（exact）
（扬州，2022）
(Keys: )
inventions
education
dancer
luckily
difficulty
fixed
musician
unknown
winner
wealthy
polluted
safely
kindness
comfortably
uncertain
development
simply
safety
healthy
exactly