(共21张PPT)
专题三 七选五型阅读理解
2025年高考一轮总复习
第三部分 题型备战
一、题型要求
七选五型阅读理解这一题型共 5 小题,每小题 2.5 分。阅读材
料长度为 300 词左右,文中有五处空白,文后有七个选项(均为完
整的句子),要求考生从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章
空白处的最佳选项。
该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的前
后联系,理解句子之间、段落之间的关系,对诸如连贯性、一致
性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握,并具备运用语法知识
分析和理解长难句的能力。
此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试,因此要求
比较高。
年份 体裁 设空位置
段首 段中 段末
2021 记叙文 1 3 1
2022 说明文 0 4 1
2023 说明文 0 4 1
二、命题分析
2021—2023 年新高考Ⅰ卷七选五型阅读理解体裁和设空位置
分析近三年新高考Ⅰ卷真题可知,七选五型阅读理解所给的
材料以说明文和记叙文为主,语篇模式较为固定。
材料内容逻辑性强,结构严谨,层次分明,便于学生在阅读
的基础上,进行综合理解,并对于一些信息进行概括或充分表达。
文章题材注重选取贴近考生、贴近生活、新颖的、时代感强的材
料。
文中的五处空白分布于各个段落的段首、段中或段尾(但一般
情况下不会是文章的第一句,也不会是最后一句)。其七个选项一
般可分为三类:主旨概括句(反映文章整体内容)、过渡句(反映文
章结构)、细节理解句(反映上下文逻辑关系),具体表现为:
1.主旨概括句以考查段落标题为主,设题位置一般在段首或段
尾,考查文章的段落大意。
2.过渡句有两种,一种是段落内部的过渡句;另一种是段落之
间的过渡句。
3.细节理解句出现在段落内部,考查的是段落内部的句子之
间,特别是前后句之间的逻辑关系。
多余的两个选项也往往从这四个方面设置,例如主题概括句
或过于宽泛,或以偏概全,或偏离主题,过渡句不能反映文章的
行文结构,细节理解句与上下文脱节等。另外,个别选项区分度
不大,干扰性强,容易误选。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·七选五型阅读理解)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最
佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't
beat yourself up about them.To err (犯错) is human.__1__ You can
use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal
strengths.” __2__ Are you caring Creative Generous A good
listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world-changing, just
aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.”
On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others.It might
be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you
did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after
the family had had a tiring day.__3__
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.
__4__ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of
you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In
fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great
way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not
from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is, it's true.__5__
We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a
positive way to develop and grow.
A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D.It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E.It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F.Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it
down.
G.Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your
personality.
本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕,并提供了
一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的
行为,人们可以学会原谅自己的错误,并从中成长。
1.D
根 据 空 前 内 容 “Taking responsibility for mistakes is a
positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them.To err is human.
(为错误承担责任是积极的一步,但不要因此而自责。人非圣贤,
孰能无过。)”可知,作者认为人都会犯错,勇于承担责任固然
重要,但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后 “You can use the
following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写
作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可
推断,空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项 D “It's just as
important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重
要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近,起承上启下的作用。故选 D。
2.B
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the
heading ‘Personal strengths.’(在日记或纸上写上‘个人优
点’。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring Creative Generous A
good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world-
changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.(你有爱
心吗?有创造力吗?你慷慨吗?是一个好的倾听者?与人相处很
有趣吗?它们不一定要改变世界,只要你个性中让你感到自豪的
方面就行。)”可知,空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项
B “Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出
所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容,下文内容
具体解释哪些是优点。故选 B。
3.F
根据上文内容 “At the top of a second page, put the
heading ‘Acts of kindness.’ On this one, list all the positive things
you've done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend
with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked,
or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第
二页的顶部,写上‘善举’的标题。在这张单子上,列出你为别
人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做家庭作业的
时候,当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候,或者当你在家人累
了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知,本段主要讲述的是列出一些
自己所做的好事。选项 F “Whatever it is, no matter how small it
might seem, write it down.(不管是什么,不管它看起来有多小,都
要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致,讲述的是不管你所做的事情
不管有多小,只要是好的事情,都记下来。故选 F。
4.C
根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts
on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality
that shine through.(这样,你们就可以交换意见,谈谈是什么让你们
每个人都与众不同,以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知,空处
提到了某种方式,这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。
选项 C “They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他
们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境。故选 C。
5.G 根据空前内容“It's something of a cliché that most people
learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is, it's true.
(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习,而是从他们的错误中学习,
这是陈词滥调。但事实是,这是真的。)”可知,作者认为人是从
错误中学习。选项G “Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed
aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误,记住这不是你性格
中固定的一面。)”符合语境,选项 G 中的“isn't a fixed aspect of
your personality”和空后内容“We're all changing and learning all
the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一
直在改变和学习,错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持
一致,指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面,我们是通过错误
来成长。故选 G。
谢谢
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