(共30张PPT)
专题四 完形填空
2025年高考一轮总复习
第三部分 题型备战
一、题型要求
完形填空题共 15 题,每小题 1 分。本题在约 200 词的短文中
留出 15 个空白,要求考生从每题所给的 4 个选项中选出最佳选项,
使补全后的短文意思通顺,前后连贯,结构完整。
二、命题分析
(一)考查语境语义和逻辑推理
完形填空题的篇章多为记叙文或夹叙夹议,也有说明文或议
论文。文章的词、句、段三者之间存在着内在的逻辑关系。因此,
文章中的段与段、句与句之间都会有逻辑上的必然联系。记叙文
主要按照时间顺序展开;议论文一般围绕中心议题,依据逻辑推
理关系铺陈;而说明文则主要是通过解释概念来说明事物的本质
与特征。考生要从上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示信息,抓住含
有关键信息的词句,对文章的情节进行逻辑推理。
(二)考查词汇复现
复现信息包括原词复现、同义词或反义词复现、同源词复现
等。词汇复现使得语篇中的句子衔接连贯,意义完整。
(三)考查词语搭配
通常情况下,完形填空中对搭配的考查主要有两种:一是固
定搭配(多数为固定短语);二是结构搭配(以动词搭配为主)。有时
试题题干中的四个选项仅从搭配角度看都没有错误,但需联系上
下文语境,从而确定最佳选项。
(四)考查背景常识
将文段信息与已有的文化背景知识和生活常识等结合起来,
进行简单推理,从而得出正确答案。
上下文关系 常见标志词
并列或递进 and, or, also, neither...nor..., either...or..., likewise,
similarly, in the same way, that is to say, as well as,
equally, the same...as, additionally, furthermore, besides,
moreover, what's more, in addition (to)
顺序 before, after, to begin with, first, firstly, second,
secondly, then, next, finally
表示上下文逻辑关系的常见标志词
上下文关系 常见标志词
转折 but, however, though, whereas, nevertheless, yet, on the
contrary, otherwise, on the other hand
让步 although, though, despite, in spite of, after all, even
though/if
解释 that is to say, in other words
因果 so, therefore, thus, because, as a result, consequently,
hence, for this reason, since
(续表)
上下文关系 常见标志词
条件 if, unless, provided that, in case (of)
例证 likewise, similarly, for example, for instance,
incidentally, indeed, in fact, in particular, that is
概括总结 in brief, in short, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole,
generally speaking, to sum up, to summarize, to
conclude
(续表)
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出
可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race
in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have __1__ the course earlier
than she did.Her __2__ came because she was carrying a __3__ across
the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-
thirds of the way through her __4__ when a runner in front of her
began crying in pain.She __5__ to help her fellow runner, Danielle
Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with
__6__.She couldn't.Bailey then __7__ to let Lenoue climb onto her
back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300
feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was __9__ and later taken to a hospital,
where she learnt that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She
would have struggled with extreme __10__ to make it to that aid
checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more __11__ about why her act is
considered a big __12__.“She was just crying.I couldn't __13__
her ,” Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right
thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the
__14__, they've since become friends.Neither won the race, but the
__15__ of human kindness won the day.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一
次越野赛中,Melanie Bailey 背着另一个参赛者 Danielle Lenoue 冲
过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
1.A.designed
C.changed
B.followed
D.finished
D
考查动词词义辨析。句意:Melanie Bailey 应该更早完成
比赛。designed 设计;followed 跟随;changed 改变;finished 完成。
根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another
300 feet to where Lenoue could get...attention”可知,Bailey 在比赛中
背一名参赛者,所以完成比赛晚了,因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey
应该更早完成比赛”。故选 D。
2.A.delay
C.trouble
B.chance
D.excuse
A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞
争对手冲过终点线。delay延误;chance机会;trouble麻烦;excuse
借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have...the course earlier than
she did”可知,Melanie Bailey 应该更早完成比赛,她的延迟是因为
她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选 A。
3.A.judge
C.classmate
B.volunteer
D.competitor
D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:她的延迟是因为她背着一名参
赛者冲过终点线。judge 裁判;volunteer 志愿者;classmate 同学;
competitor 参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in
a cross-country race”可知,她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故
选 D。
4.A.race
C.town
B.school
D.training
A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:据当地一家报纸报道,当Bailey
跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候,她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭
泣。race 比赛;school 学校;town 城镇;training 训练。根据第一
段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知,
此处是说“当 Bailey 跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选 A。
5.A.agreed
C.stopped
B.returned
D.promised
C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:她停下来帮助她的同伴 Danielle
Lenoue。agreed 同意;returned 回来;stopped 停止;promised答应。
根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知,她停下来帮助她的同伴
Danielle Lenoue。故选 C。
6.A.courage
C.patience
B.aid
D.advice
B 考查名词词义辨析。句意:Bailey 扶着她的胳膊,看看她
能否在帮助下向前走。courage勇气;aid帮助;patience耐心;advice
建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知,此处表示看 Lenoue
是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选 B。
7.A.went away
C.stepped aside
B.stood up
D.bent down
D 考查动词短语辨析。句意:然后 Bailey 弯下腰,让 Lenoue
爬到她的背上,一路背着她走到终点线,然后又走了 300 英尺,
到 Lenoue 接受治疗的地方。went away 离开;stood up 站起来;
stepped aside 让路;bent down 弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb
onto her back”可知,Bailey 弯下腰,让 Lenoue 爬到她的背上。
故选 D。
8.A.medical
C.constant
B.public
D.equal
A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:然后Bailey弯下腰,让Lenoue
爬到她的背上,一路背着她走到终点线,然后又走了 300 英尺,到
Lenoue 接受治疗的地方。medical 医疗的;public 公众的;constant
持续不断的;equal 平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知,
Danielle Lenoue 很疼,所以是要接受治疗,medical attention 意为
“医疗救助”。故选 A。
9.A.interrupted
C.identified
B.assessed
D.appreciated
B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:Lenoue 在那里接受了检查,
后来被送往医院,在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。
interrupted 打断;assessed 评估;identified 识别;appreciated 感激。
根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知,她是先接受了检查,再
被送往医院,也就是先接受评估。故选 B。
10.A.hunger
C.cold
B.pain
D.tiredness
B 考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果没有 Bailey 的帮助,她可
能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。hunger 饥饿;
pain 疼痛;cold 感冒;tiredness 疲劳。根据第 5 空前的“began
crying in pain”可知,此处表示“如果没有 Bailey 的帮助,她可能
会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选 B。
11.A.worried
C.confused
B.ashamed
D.discouraged
C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:至于 Bailey,她更困惑的是
为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。worried 担心的;ashamed 惭
愧的;confused 困惑的;discouraged 泄气的。根据下文“I feel like
I was just doing the right thing”可知,Bailey 觉得自己只是做了正确
的事情,所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选 C。
12.A.game
C.lesson
B.problem
D.deal
D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:至于 Bailey,她更困惑的是为
什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。game游戏;problem问题;lesson
课;deal 交易,局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right
thing”可知,Bailey 觉得自己只是做了正确的事情,所以她对她的
行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑,a big deal 意为“非常重要的
事”。故选 D。
13.A.leave
C.bother
B.cure
D.understand
A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:我不能离开她。leave 离开;
cure 治愈;bother 打扰;understand 理解。根据上文“She was just
crying”以及 Lenoue 爬到她的背上,一路背着她走到终点线,然
后又走了 300 英尺。可知,Bailey 看见 Lenoue 哭泣,所以觉得不
能离开她。故选 A。
14.A.ride
C.meet
B.test
D.show
C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体
育比赛之前是陌生人,但后来她们成了朋友。ride 短途旅程;test
测试;meet体育比赛;show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners
competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women
were strangers before”可知,当时是一场比赛,句子表示“这两个
年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选 C。
15.A.secret
C.benefit
B.display
D.exchange
B 考查名词词义辨析。句意:两人都没有赢得比赛,但展示
出的人类善良赢得了胜利。secret 秘密;display 展示;benefit 利益;
exchange 交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and
carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where
Lenoue could get...attention”可知,Bailey 背着一个参赛者过终点,
并背她去接受检查,这展示了人类的善良。故选 B。
谢谢
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
兼职招聘:
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/admin