2025届高考英语一轮复习人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE知识点课件(共101张PPT)

(共101张PPT)
选择性必修第三册
UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
目 录
Contents
01
基础帮　默写自测
02
教材帮　核心突破
03
高考帮　题型对接
04
练习帮　课时提能
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. n.工资
2. adj.严寒的；味苦的
3. adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
wage　
bitter　
aboard　
4. vi.(过去式 ；过去分词 ) 沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下
沉；使沉没
5. n.毯子
sink　
sank/sunk　
sunk　
blanket　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
6. adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
7. adj.真正的；真诚的
8. adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的
decent　
genuine　
thorough　
9. vi.& n.(狗)吠叫；吠叫声
10. n.球拍；蝙蝠vi.& vt.用球板击球；拍打
11. n.娱乐；消遣；游戏
12. n.候选人；应试者
bark　
bat　
recreation　
candidate　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1. vt.(使)合格；(使)具备资格→ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→ n.资格；资历
2. n.热情；热心→ adj.热情的；热心的→ adv.热情地
qualify　
qualified　
qualification　
enthusiasm　
enthusiastic　
enthusiastically　
3. vt.分派；布置；分配→ n.(工作等的)分派；布置
4. n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌→ adj.嫉妒的→enviable adj.令人羡慕的；引起忌妒的
5. vt.放弃；舍弃；抛弃→ adj.被遗弃的；放纵的
6. vi.适应；属于→ n.[pl.]财物；动产
assign　
assignment　
envy　
envious　
abandon　
abandoned　
belong　
belongings　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
7. n.自身；本性；自我→ adj.自私的→ adj.无私的
8. vi.坚持；孜孜以求→ n.毅力；韧性；不屈
不挠的精神
9. vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心；坚定的信念→
n.决议；解决；坚定
self　
selfish　
selfless　
persevere　
perseverance　
resolve　
resolution　
10. adj.幸运的→ adv.幸运地→ adj.不幸的→
adv.不幸地；遗憾地→ n.大笔钱；运气
11. vt.指导 n.向导；指南→ n.指导；引导；导航
fortunate　
fortunately　
unfortunate　
unfortunately　
fortune　
guide　
guidance　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
12. vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→ n.广告；宣传→
advertising n.广告活动；广告业
13. adj.忠诚的；忠实的→ n.忠诚；忠实
advertise　
advertisement　
loyal　
loyalty　
14. vt.犯(罪)；承诺→ adj.忠诚的；坚定的→ n.承诺；保证；奉献
15. motive n.动机；原因；目的→ vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励→
n.动力；诱因
commit　
committed　
commitment　
motivate　
motivation　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1. adversity n.
2. expedition n.
3. endurance n.
4. cupboard n.
5. voyage n.& vi.
6. navy n.
困境；逆境　
探险；远征；探险队　
忍耐力；耐久力　
橱柜；壁橱；衣柜　
航海；航行　
海军；海军部队　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
7. cruel adj.
8. furniture n.
9. damp adj.
10. nephew n.
11. corporate adj.
12. motor n. adj.
残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的　
家具　
潮湿的；湿气重的　
侄子；外甥　
公司的；法人的；社团的　
发动机；马达　
有引擎的；机动车的　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. 在……岁时
2. 拒绝(某人)
3. 热衷于
4. 出发
5. 振作精神
at the age of　
turn sb. down　
be enthusiastic about　
set off　
keep one’s spirits up　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
6. 每况愈下
7. 获得成功
8. 使某人振作起来
9. 生火
10. 放出(热、 光、气味或气体)
from bad to worse　
make it　
cheer sb. up　
make fire　
give off　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1. Well， and read the
advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.(It happened that...)
好吧，碰巧有一天早上我买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的广告。
it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper　
2. We are now camped on the ice and ， but spring
is coming， and the ice will soon begin to melt.(现在完成进行时)
我们现在在冰上扎营，我们一直设法生存下来，但春天要来了，冰很快就会开
始融化。
we have been managing to survive　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
3. Soon after we arrived...the voyage
in our small boats.(too...to...)
我们到了不久之后……这次航行对我们所有人来说太危险、太困难，以至于我们无
法用小船去完成。
was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to
make it　
4. How could I Thomas Orde-Lees！ (as...as...)
我怎么会变得像托马斯·奥德利斯那样自私又脾气暴躁呢！
5. ， we would all starve.(if引导的虚拟条件句)
如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。
become as selfish and bad-tempered as　
If it weren’t for sea animals　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本单元词汇)
1. Snow forced many drivers to their vehicles and walk.
2. We have given the whole classroom a clean and it looks neat and tidy now.
3. The wheels started to into the mud.
4. Amy was chosen for the job because she ranked first among .
5. friends dare to tell you the truth， even if it is hard.
abandon　
thorough　
sink　
candidates　
Genuine　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
6. Do not leave behind any personal when getting off the bus.
7. For the Smiths， Saturday afternoon is for and outings.
belongings　
recreation　
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. She has been for teaching since she got the last year.
(qualify)
2. I am about historical fiction. Wherever I am， I can read stories about
those historical figures full of . (enthusiastic)
3. Mr Wang is a member of the team， who has large
amounts of time to the training. Such encourages us a lot.(commit)
qualified　
qualification　
enthusiastic　
enthusiasm　
committed　
committed　
commitment　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
4. Cigarette has been banned. That means you will see no more relative
， because cigarettes may lead to more smokers.(advertise)
5. Success is often the result of . As long as you can despite difficulties， you can succeed. (persevere)
6. people are always ready to help others， while people only care about themselves.(self)
advertising　
advertisements　
advertising
perseverance　
persevere　
Selfless　
selfish　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
go from bad to worse　　turn down　　give off　　ahead of　　cheer up
1. It is the custom for guests to come time instead of on time in some countries.
2. She my application because she thought I lacked experience.
3. The report points that many household products tend to harmful fumes.
ahead of　
turned down　
give off　
4. We hope for an improvement but things .
5. ！ When you smile in front of it， it will also smile at you.
go from bad to worse　
Cheer up　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1. 她打电话时，那家人碰巧出去度假了。(It happened that ...)
when she called.
2. 赢得第一名之后，他晚上激动得睡不着觉。(too...to...)
After winning the first prize， .
3. 时间过得真快！ 我们互相寄明信片已经有六年了。(现在完成进行时)
How time flies！ .
It happened that the family was out for vacation　
he was too excited to fall asleep at night　
We have been sending postcards to each other for six years　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
4. 这棵树是那个人的五倍高，但他只是脱下外套，毫不犹豫地开始爬了起来。(as...as...)
， but he just took off his coat and began to
climb without hesitation.
5. 多谢了！要是没有你及时的指导，我不可能在这么短的时间里完成这个艰巨的任务。(if引导的虚拟条件句)
Thanks a lot！ ， I couldn’t have finished the tough task in such a short time.
The tree was five times as tall as the man　
If it hadn’t been for your timely guidance　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
　　I happened to read about the Antarctic expedition in an advertisement. As I was
enthusiastic and full of vigour， I applied to join it. However， Shackleton turned me
down because he thought I was not qualified. I secretly went aboard， hiding in a
cupboard but was discovered later in the voyage. Shacklelon assigned me a task. I began
to imagine how I would be envied by my friends after returning. What a naive motive！
The journey was not easy. Unfortunately， our ship was crushed by the ice and sank
thoroughly.
Having abandoned the ship， the crew camped on a miserable island， carrying only the essential supplies like food， stoves， clothes and blankets without any personal belongings. Shackleton left us to find help. There， struggling to stay alive， we used animal fat to make fire. The burning fat gave off black smoke. I was inspired by their genuine concern for and loyalty to others. Faith in Shackleton’s commitment to save us had helped us persevere in staying alive. Under the guidance of Shackleton， we were rescued at last and free to enjoy decent food and cosy bedrooms again.
1 aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)；在(船、飞机、公共汽车等)上
1. aboard　abroad　broad
①I used to travel a lot with my parents when I was a little child.
②After reaching the finish line， he waved to his classmates with a smile.
③The plane crashed， killing all 157 passengers .
abroad　
broad　
aboard　
2. 她一登上飞机，就意识到她忘了带给姑姑的礼物。
→①The moment ， she realized that she forgot to bring
the gift for her aunt. (aboard)
→②The moment ， she realized that she
forgot to bring the gift for her aunt.(board)
she went aboard (the plane)　
she boarded the plane/she went on board　
★go/be aboard (the plane)登机/在飞机上
★board vi.& vt.上(船、火车、飞机、公共汽车等) vi.寄宿 n.木板；膳食；董事会
on board在船上(或飞机上、火车上)
★broad adj.宽阔的；广泛的；概括的
★abroad adv.在国外；到国外
at home and abroad在国内外
2 envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌
1. All of the students envied him (win) the first prize and sent their congratulations.
2. She saw the (envy) look in the other people’s eyes when she was assigned to the most decent job.
3. They looked envy at her latest purchase， a precious old book.
教师尊享 点拨
　　with envy相当于副词enviously。类似的还有with happiness/joy/kindness等。
winning　
envious　
with　
4. 妈妈是我的榜样。我羡慕她在逆境中的决心和毅力。(人物塑造)
→① My mother is my role model. I even in the
face of adversity.(envy)
→② My mother is my role model. I even in the face of adversity.(envious)
envy her resolution and perseverance　
am envious of her resolution and perseverance　
★envy sb. (doing) sth.羡慕某人(做)某事
★green with envy 眼红的
with envy羡慕地，妒忌地
★envious adj.羡慕的，妒忌的
be envious of羡慕的，妒忌的
3 abandon vt.舍弃，离开(leave)；放弃，停止；抛弃，遗弃；沉湎于
1. At the party， we sang， danced， and laughed wild abandon， forgetting all the troubles in our lives.(读后续写之情感描写)
2. When walking in the forest in the bitter cold， they came across an old (abandon) cottage.
with　
abandoned　
3. 史蒂文沉湎于丢失了他的猫的悲伤中，禁不住哭了起来。(读后续写之情绪描写)
→ ，Steven just couldn’t help crying.(分词短语作状语)
Abandoning himself to the sorrow of losing his cat　
★abandon one’s hope/plan/idea 放弃某人的希望/计划/想法
abandon oneself to 沉湎于(某种情感)，陷入
★with abandon放纵地，放任地
★abandoned adj.被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的
4 resolve vi.决定，决心；表决　vt.解决(问题或困难)　n.决心；坚定的信念
1. The government restated its resolve (carry) out a thorough investigation and uncover the truth.
教师尊享 点拨
　　空前的resolve位于代词its之后，是名词。
2. We have resolved on (make) an early start to go aboard.
to carry　
making　
3. [人教选必③-4]For the whole morning， the board of directors has been discussing the
(resolve) to increase wages in the coming year.
4. 为了解决冲突，首先你应该积极地在父母和你之间架起沟通的桥梁。(建议信)
， you ought to actively build a bridge of communication between your parents and you at first.
resolution　
In order to resolve the conflict　
5. 我已决心追随她的脚步，致力于年轻人的教育。
→①I and devote my life to the education of
young men. (resolve v.)
→②I and devote my life to the
education of young men. (resolution)
教师尊享 点拨
　　表示＂决心/决定做某事＂的还有：decide to do sth.，make up one’s mind to do
sth.，determine to do sth.。
have resolved to follow in her footsteps　
have made a resolution to follow in her footsteps　
★resolve (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事
resolve on (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict解决问题/争端/冲突
★resolution n.决议；解决；决心
make a resolution to do sth.决定做某事
5 unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
1. [人教必修③-3]Over 300，000 people came from all over the world to seek their (fortunate)， and San Francisco quickly became a big city.
2. [外研选必②-6] (fortunate)， I have shelter， because the landing capsule protects me from the deadly radiation outside.
3. Recently， I have been busy preparing for the college entrance examination，
(但不幸的是，我发现集中精力学习很困难).
fortune　
Fortunately　
but
unfortunately I find it quite hard to concentrate on my study　
4. 我很幸运，和父母一起参观了全国各地的许多博物馆。
→① across the country with my parents.
(不定式)
→② across the country with my
parents.(it作形式主语)
I was fortunate to visit many museums　
It was fortunate for me that I visited many museums　
★unfortunate adj.不幸的
★fortunate adj.幸运的
be fortunate to do有幸做
It is fortunate (for sb.) that...(某人)有幸……
★fortune n.机会；运气；大笔的钱
seek one’s fortune外出寻找发财机会
★misfortune n.不幸；不幸的事故
fortunately adv.幸运地
6 commitment n.承诺，保证；已承诺的事；奉献，忠诚；花费
1. [人教选必①-1]Tu Youyou， a (commit) and patient scientist， was born in Ningbo， China， on 30 December 1930...
committed　
2. [人教选必③-4]They also had to have a strong resolution to finish what they had started
no matter how hard it was， great personal discipline， and a firm (commit) to the other members of the team.
commitment　
3. [北师选必①-2]However， Lang Ping’s commitment Chinese volleyball brought her back home.
4. 如果我能成为你们中的一员，我将承诺尽我所能做好我的工作。 (申请信)
→①If I can be a member of your group， I to
the best of my ability. (commitment)
→②If I can be a member of your group， I to
the best of my ability. (committed)
to　
will make a commitment to do my job　
will be committed to (doing) my job　
★make a commitment to sb.向某人承诺
make a commitment to do 保证/承诺做
commitment to...对……的奉献/投入/忠诚
★commit vt.犯(罪)；承诺；花(钱或时间) vi.忠于
commit a crime犯罪
commit money/time to sth.花钱或时间在某事上
be committed to(doing) sth.承诺做某事
★committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的
7 turn down拒绝(提议、建议或提议人)(refuse/reject/decline)；把……调低，关小
1. I (开始情不自禁地哭起来) and hugged my father tightly.
(读后续写之情绪描写)
2. 他喝咖啡和吸烟都比以前少了，饮食也均衡了。
He ， and ate a balanced diet.
began to break down in tears　
cut down on coffee and cigarettes　
3. 书籍是贮存人类代代相传的智慧的珍宝。
Books are treasures storing wisdom .
passed down from generation to generation　
4. 他跪下来，低下头，以细看那株植物。(读后续写之动作描写)
He and bent his head to get a closer look at the plant.
got down on his knees　
★cut down减少使用；砍倒(树木)
bring down击落，击倒；使垮台
pass down使世代相传
break down出故障；(关系)破裂；感情失控；分解；拆除；消除(障碍或偏见)
put down写下；镇压；贬低
get down写下；俯身；使沮丧
8 give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
1. [北师选必①-2]Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars， he would give small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas.
2. Any borrowed book should be given within a month.
3. His wages have given just because he bought two pieces of furniture.
4. The pain was so sharp that I thought maybe I should stop and walk for a minute， but I said to myself， ＂Stick to your goal and never give ！＂
away　
back　
out　
up　
5. I pressed my parents until they finally gave and permitted me to go abroad with my friend during the summer vacation.
6. 篝火发出温暖的光芒，他们平静下来开始欣赏星空。(读后续写之场景描写)
With ， they settled down and started
to appreciate the starry sky.
教师尊享 点拨
　　表示＂发出＂的还有：send out发出(信号、声音、光、热等)。
in　
the campfire giving off/out a warm glow/light　
★give out放出，发出(气体、热量、光或气味)；分发；用完，耗尽；停止运转
give in (to...)(向……)屈服/让步/投降
give back归还
give up放弃；认输；辞去(工作)
give away泄露(秘密)；赠送
9 if引导的虚拟条件句
1. [人教必修③-2]How would the Confucian idea of fairness change society around you if
everybody (start) practising fairness in everything？
2. If my coach had been there， everything would (be) all right then.
3. If the candidate were to recover tomorrow， the interview certainly would not
(cancel).
4. 如果没有这次经历，她就不会意识到她应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。
， that she should
spend more time with her family.
started　
have been　
be
cancelled　
If it hadn’t been for this experience　
she wouldn’t have realized　
教师尊享 点拨
　　If it had not been for... ＂如果当时没有……，要不是……＂，for后接名词，表示
与过去事实相反的假设；If it were not for... ＂如果没有……＂，表示与现在事实相
反的假设。
★虚拟条件句表示不可能或不太可能发生的假设。句中谓语动词所用形式如下(以
do为例)：
条件状语从句 主句
与过去事实相反 had done would/could/should/mighthave done
与现在事实相反 did (be动词用were) would/could/should/might do
与将来事实相反 did/were to do/should do would/could/should/might do
否定词缀
本单元： un-(不)＋fortunately(幸运地)→unfortunately不幸地
拓展：常见的否定词缀及其构成单词如下：
否定词缀 原词或表肯定的单词 加上否定词缀的单词
un- happy开心　comfortable舒服的 fair公平的　grateful感激的 lock锁上　 pack打包　 fold折叠 unhappy不开心　uncomfortable不舒服的
unfair不公平的　ungrateful忘恩负义的
unlock解锁　 unpack打开包裹　
unfold展开
否定词缀 原词或表肯定的单词 加上否定词缀的单词
in-/im-/ il-/ir- convenient方便的　 possible可能的 legal合法的　 responsible负责任的 inconvenient不方便的　
impossible不可能的
illegal不合法的　
irresponsible不负责任的
dis- honest诚实的　 agree同意　 appear出现　 like喜欢　 approve同意 dishonest不诚实的　
disagree不同意
disappear消失　 dislike 不喜欢
disapprove不同意
否定词缀 原词或表肯定的单词 加上否定词缀的单词
mis- fortune运气　understand理解 lead引导　 read读 misfortune不幸　
misunderstand误解
mislead误导　 misread误读
non- smoke抽烟　 stop停止 renewable可再生的 non-smoking禁止抽烟的　
non-stop直达的
non-renewable不可再生的
ab- normal正常的 abnormal反常的
anti- war战争 antiwar反战的
否定词缀 原词或表肯定的单词 加上否定词缀的单词
-less harmful有害的　 selfish自私的 breath呼吸　 home家 careful小心的　 hopeful满怀希望的 harmless无害的　 selfless无私的
breathless喘不上气的　
homeless无家可归的
careless粗心的　 hopeless无望的
-free care引起烦恼的事　 tax税 carefree无忧无虑的　tax-free免税的
-proof water水 waterproof防水的
1. [外研选必④-5]Among the many unsolved mysteries about dinosaurs， what really
interests me is their (appear).
2. [外研必修③-5]Although the 300 kg adult males can look a bit scary — don’t worry，
they’re (harm)！— the young seals will delight you with their curiosity...
disappearance　
harmless　
3. [人教必修③-4]Before the mid-20th century， most people felt travelling into space
was an (possible) dream.
4. [2020浙江] First， remember that note-taking should be 75％ listening and only 25％
writing...Ignore what is (important) and write in phrases， not complete
sentences.
impossible　
unimportant　
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1. [2022新高考Ⅱ]The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the (guide) of a trainer for four or more days a week.
教师尊享 点拨
　　句意：第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或更多高强度有氧运动。guide本身
也可以作名词，意为＂导游；指南＂，此处语境表示的是＂指导＂，故填guidance。
guidance　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
2. [2022北京]I decided to commit completing the applications， and soon I was a
part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature.
教师尊享 点拨
　　commit to sb./sth. 忠于(某个人、机构等)；commit to (doing) sth. 全心全意投入
(工作、活动等)。
to　
3. [2021北京]This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state
of (resolve) — and you are less likely to be annoyed.
教师尊享 点拨
　　resolution在此表示＂(问题、分歧等的)解决，消除＂。
resolution　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
4. [北京高考]Moore is enthusiastic the candy she created， and she’s also positive about what the future might bring.
about　
5. [全国Ⅲ]The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise， the
(recreate) of traditions would be artificial and empty， he said.
教师尊享 点拨
　　句意：他说，对传统的研究应该与实践相结合。否则，对传统的再创造就是虚
假且空洞的。recreation＂重现，重建；娱乐，消遣＂。
recreation　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
6. [全国Ⅰ]Lockers are available to store any (belong) during your visit.
教师尊享 点拨
　　belonging＂稳定关系， 归属感＂，尤用于短语a sense of belonging中。本题空处
表示＂所有物，(随身)财物＂，要加-s。
belongings　
7. [全国Ⅱ]I realized this a day later， when I saw newspaper (advertise) for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.
教师尊享 点拨
　　advertisement作＂广告＂讲时为可数名词，空前没有限定词，故填advertisement
的复数形式。句中的set指＂电视机＂。
advertisements　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1. A. 布置(任务) B. 指定，指派
C. 确定时间 D. 分配
①[2023新高考Ⅱ]For example， one participant’s experience of ＂We sat and listened to
the waves at the beach for a while＂ was assigned the categories ＂sitting at beach＂ and
＂listening to waves.＂
②[2022新高考Ⅰ]All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through
Blackboard， our online learning and course management system.

D　
C　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ

③[2022新高考Ⅰ]Additionally， from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class...
④[2022浙江]Above all， I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work with the fiercely
competitive and extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match.
A　
B　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
2. A. n.洗碗槽 B. v.(心情)变得沉重 C. v.沉没
①[2021新高考Ⅰ]The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.
②[2020新高考Ⅱ]In this book， he includes the loss of the space shuttles(航天飞机)
Challenger and Columbia， and the sinking of the Titanic.
③[江苏高考]Naomi put a small recorder near the piano. Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses， heart sinking.
A　
C　
B　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
教师尊享 点拨
　　本句中的heart通常还可以改为spirits，表示＂(情绪)变低落＂。
　　 sink作动词时，还有＂下沉；降低；坐下＂等意思。如：
☆The pound has sunk to its lowest recorded level against the dollar.英镑对美元的比价降
到了有记录以来的最低水平。
☆She sank back into her seat， exhausted.她筋疲力尽，又坐回椅子上。
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
3. [2022北京]This was the very door I carefully guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold.
教师尊享 点拨
　　bitter cold ＂严寒＂，bitter作形容词，cold作名词意为＂寒冷＂。高考读后续写
中描写寒冷时还可用freezing cold等。
adj.严寒的　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——志愿者申请
　　[全国Ⅰ]假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。
请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
　　1. 写信目的；
　　2. 个人优势；
　　3. 能做的事情。
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ


◎写作要点
1. 从贵馆的广告得知，下个月将在画廊举办中国画展览，我写信申请成为一名志愿
者。(advertisement)
　Knowing from your advertisement that an exhibition of Chinese paintings will be held
at the gallery next month， I am writing to apply to become a volunteer.　


2. 在坚持学习了10年之后，我的英语说得很流利，这使我能够毫无困难地与参观者
交流。(persevere)

　I speak English fluently after persevering in learning it for 10 years， which allows me to communicate with visitors without difficulty.　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
3. 作为一名中国画的狂热爱好者，我对这种艺术形式有着透彻的了解。(enthusiastic，
thorough)


　As an enthusiastic Chinese painting lover， I have a thorough knowledge of this art
form.　
4. 如果我被贵馆接纳，我将承诺向参观者介绍中国画技巧，这可以帮他们更多地了
解中国文化。(commit)


5. 我认为我有资格成为一名志愿者。请给我一个机会。(qualified)

　If accepted， I will be committed to introducing Chinese painting skills to visitors，
which can help them know more about Chinese culture.　
I think I am qualified to be a volunteer. Please give me a chance. 　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
◎连句成篇
　　请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。

Dear Sir or Madam，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　I am Li Hua， a student from China， who is studying in London during the
summer holiday. Knowing from your advertisement that an exhibition of Chinese paintings
will be held at the gallery next month， I am writing to apply to become a volunteer.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　




Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ




I have the following advantages. First of all， I speak English fluently after persevering in learning it for 10 years， which allows me to communicate with visitors
without difficulty. Besides， as an enthusiastic Chinese painting lover， I have a thorough
knowledge of this art form. If accepted， I will be committed to introducing Chinese
painting skills to visitors， which can help them know more about Chinese culture.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
I think I am qualified to be a volunteer. Please give me a chance.　　　　　
Yours，　
Li Hua　




Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
写作二　读后续写——动作描写之各种＂哭＂
积累背诵 单词 cry， weep 哭泣， sob 啜泣； tearful 含泪的， watery泪水汪汪的， misty
泪眼模糊的
词组 1.cry/shed/weep tears流泪
2.burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来
3.sob/cry in silence无声地哭
4.cry one’s eyes out哭得很伤心
5.tears pour down one’s face泪流满面
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
积累背诵 词组 6.tears of excitement/joy well up in/fill one’s eyes激动/高兴得热泪盈眶
7.be close to tears/be on the verge of tears快要哭了
8.cry oneself to sleep哭到睡着
9.be blurred with tears＝be dimmed by tears泪眼模糊
10.be choked with sobs泣不成声
11.be in floods of tears泪如泉涌
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
积累背诵 佳句 1.I felt so sad that I found myself crying unconsciously， unable to hold back
my tears.我感到非常难过，以至于我发现自己不知不觉地哭了，无法抑制
住眼泪。
2.All those present to listen to her sad story were moved/touched to tears.凡
在场听到她悲惨经历的人无不潸然泪下。
3.Watching her son disappearing in the distance， she froze for a long while，
with her eyes filled with tears.看着儿子消失在远方，她愣了很久，双眸满
是泪水。
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
仿写运用
根据左栏素材完成下列各句
1.她热泪盈眶，对陌生人真诚的帮助表示衷心的感谢。
，she offered her heartfelt gratitude to the strangers for their sincere help. (独立主格结构)
2.当在机场看到失散多年的弟弟时，她流下了喜悦的泪水。
When she saw her long-lost brother at the airport， she .
Tears filling her eyes/Tears welling up in her eyes　
cried/shed/wept tears of joy　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
仿写运用
3.当她用指尖慢慢地滑动屏幕，阅读每一条评论时，她感动得泪流满面。
While slowly scrolling the screen with her fingertip and reading each comment，
she . (so...that...)
4.她的手在发抖。她快要哭了，但保罗没有意识到这一点。
Her hands were shaking. She was but Paul didn’t
realize that.
was so moved/touched that tears poured down her face　
close to tears/on the verge of tears　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
仿写运用
5.他远离家乡已经一年有余。母亲寄过来的照片让他泣不成声。
He had been away from home for more than a year. The photos Mother sent him
.
6.她突然哭了起来，然后一句话也没说，气呼呼地跑了。
She and stormed off without saying a word.
made
him choked with sobs　
burst into tears/burst out crying　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
一、阅读理解
A
　　[2024福建福州一测]Jill Wheatley was a PE teacher in Germany. On the weekend she competed in marathons around Europe. But life threw her a near deadly blow. While teaching a PE class， she was hit on the head with a baseball. The impact was so great that it left her with a brain injury and 70 percent vision loss， permanently blinding her in one eye. She spent 26 months in seven different hospitals， at times wishing it would just all end.
一
二
三
　　Desperately， Wheatley set out to find comfort and healing(治疗) in nature. She
travelled to Nepal where a friend convinced her to run in the Annapurna 100 with him. The
power from that race changed her life and eventually had her look up at the tops of the
mountains. Project Vision 8000 was born. And she began her mission to stand on the top
of the world’s 14 highest mountains， towering 8，000 meters above sea level， to show
herself and others the power of the choice and possibility.
一
二
三
　　Colors and touch help guide her on the mountain and she has never once felt too tired
to carry on. ＂The only constant thing is change， so when the weather gets really bad or
a storm is coming in， I know it is going to pass.＂ So far， she’s had few problems
standing among giants， but she admits she continues to struggle with overcoming the
＂mountains of her mind＂. Having already stared death in the face， Wheatley has great
respect for the mountains and the mission she is on. But she’s not scared. The experience
almost claimed her life， but it is now the driving force and fuel behind her success. At
every icy peak， she smiles and takes a quick video with a breathless ＂So very thankful＂ whispered into the thin air.
一
二
三
　　本文主要讲述了德国的一名体育教师Wheatley在经历一次意外事故打击之后，
重塑积极人生态度的故事。
【词语积累】compete v.参加比赛 deadly adj.致命的
impact n.影响 permanently adv.永久地
set out to do sth.开始做某事 constant adj.不变的，固定的
claim v.夺走，夺去(生命)
【熟词生义】　tower 常用义：n.塔楼，塔　文中义：v.高耸，屹立
一
二
三
（　B　）1. What happened to Wheatley according to paragraph 1？
A. She came last in a race.
B. She suffered a head injury.
C. She lost her sight completely.
D. She was attacked on purpose in a class.
[解析]　细节理解题。由第一段的＂While teaching a PE class， she was hit on the head with a baseball...blinding her in one eye＂可知，本题选B项。
B
一
二
三
（　D　）2.What drove Wheatley to launch Project Vision 8000？
A. Her exploration of nature.
B. Her friend’s timely suggestions.
C. Her strong love for sports.
D. Her participation in the Annapurna 100.
[解析]　细节理解题。由第二段的＂She travelled to Nepal where a friend convinced
her...Project Vision 8000 was born＂可知，她到尼泊尔旅行，在那里一个朋友说服她
与他一起参加Annapurna 100比赛，来自比赛的力量改变了她的生活，最终让她屹立
在群山之巅眺望，这促使了Wheatley创立Project Vision 8000，故选D项。
D
一
二
三
（　A　）3.What can we learn about Wheatley from the last paragraph？
A. Her attitude toward adversity was reshaped.
B. She was used to poor weather conditions.
C. She ignored the mountains of her mind.
D. Her nature helped her overcome fear.
[解析]　推理判断题。由第三段中的＂The only constant thing...going to pass＂，
＂Having already stared death...she’s not scared＂和＂but it is now the driving force and fuel behind her success＂可推知，Wheatley对待逆境的态度已经发生了改变，故选A项。
A
一
二
三
（　B　）4. What could be the best title for the text？
A. Every peak is within reach
B. Lose sight to gain vision
C. Actions speak louder than words
D. Nature will take its course
[解析]　标题归纳题。B项指明了Wheatley的不幸遭遇，同时也指明了其在不幸遭遇
后的收获，适合做文章标题。
B
一
二
三
B
　　[2024广东东莞10月月考]A song called Lonely Warrior(《孤勇者》)is always
ringing in my ears. Six years ago， after hosting an annual ceremony for my school， I
found that my left leg was a little swollen， and very soon I could barely walk. In fact，
the swollen part became a fist-sized meatball that was so painful that I could barely sleep.
Of course， I went to a local hospital， where I was given very bleak(不乐观的)news —
osteosarcoma， which means bone cancer.
一
二
三
　　I underwent chemotherapy(化疗) for the next two years， and it was the worst time
of my life. Physically， I felt that the side effects of chemotherapy were killing me. I lost
all of the hair on my body and became totally bald. I could barely eat anything， even if I
felt hungry. I no longer needed an alarm clock to wake up in the morning. Instead， what
woke me up was my body telling me that I needed to vomit(呕吐).
　　I had no idea where all this treatment would leave me， and the dreams I had once nursed(怀有) about the future were entirely wiped out. I wanted to feel the world and
experience more， so I stuck to the course of treatment. As time went by， however， I
became weaker and weaker. The side effects now were far worse than they had been earlier.
一
二
三
　　I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off， and the doctor said that might be
the best thing to do， as long as I could cope with the psychological and social pressures
afterward. I made my decision very calmly， because I knew things could not be worse
than they were at that moment， and I was determined that this was just one more battle I
would win.
　　Now， six years later， I have weathered all these difficulties. I have been so lucky
to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this， and what I have to tell anyone still
struggling with difficulties is this： Have faith in yourself， and do not let bad moments
drag you down. Just hang on and you will come through.
一
二
三
（　A　）1.What can we learn about the side effects of chemotherapy？
A. They made the author suffer a lot.
B. They destroyed the author’s faith.
C. They were relieved after treatment.
D. They were more obvious in the daytime.
[解析]　细节理解题。由第二段的描述可知，化疗使作者痛苦不堪，作者的头发掉
光了，他几乎吃不进任何东西，夜间睡眠也受到了很大影响。由此可知，化疗的副
作用让作者受了很大的苦，故A项正确。
A
　　本文主要讲述了作者与骨癌作斗争的经历。随着病情的恶化，作者决定顶住心
理压力和社会压力，让医生截掉了一条腿。6年过去了，作者经受住了所有的磨
难。最后作者鼓励仍在与困难作斗争的人要对自己有信心。
一
二
三
（　A　）2.What was the author’s decision to deal with his condition？
A. Chopping off his leg.
B. Turning down the doctor’s advice.
C. Giving in to the cancer.
D. Seeking psychological assistance.
[解析]　细节理解题。由第四段首句＂I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off＂可知，A项正确。
A
一
二
三
（　B　）3.What does the underlined word ＂weathered＂ in the last paragraph mean？
A. Resisted. B. Survived.
C. Escaped. D. Produced.
[解析]　词义猜测题。由第五段中的＂I have been so lucky to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this＂可知，作者克服了所有困难。由此可推知，画线词所在句表达的应是六年后作者最终战胜了所有困难。综上可知，B项正确。
B
一
二
三
（　D　）4.What does the author want to convey in the text？
A. A light heart lives long.
B. A good medicine tastes bitter.
C. Time works wonders.
D. One with faith braves any hardship.
[解析]　推理判断题。由最后一段中的＂what I have to tell anyone still struggling with
difficulties is this： Have faith in yourself， and do not let bad moments drag you down.
Just hang on and you will come through＂可推知，作者在本文中想传达的是有信心的
人可以经受住任何困难，故D项正确。
D
一
二
三
二、完形填空
　　[2023湖北省新高考信息卷二]A craftsman living with a disability who makes clay
figurines(泥雕) has recently made netizens amazed across the country.
　　In 2003， Mi Zhou lost his hands in an accident. Unwilling to 　1　 to fate， he
gradually learned to eat and get dressed in the year that followed the unexpected 　2　.
After seeing a craftsman making figurines on the street， Mi was attracted to the craft and
without 　3　 decided to learn from him. ＂The craftsman said he couldn’t 　4　 me
when he saw that I had no fingers. I 　5　 and finally wore him down，＂ Mi said.
一
二
三
　　The learning process was 　6　. In the beginning he could only make two roses in an
afternoon. And his arms were often painful after the practice. However， because of his
　7　 for the craft and his eagerness to earn a living， he never thought about 　8　.
　　Mi has been making these clay figurines for 15 years. It now 　9　 him only several
minutes to make a figurine. After 　10　 clay into a ball with his elbows， Mi holds the ball between his arms to put it on a stick， and then adds smaller parts and 　11　 to the ball.
一
二
三
　　Mi is not only able to make a living by making clay figurines as he had hoped， but
he feels 　12　 about what he does. He doesn’t set prices for his figurines. Instead of
asking people to give a certain amount of money for the products， he allows them
to 　13　 as they like. In this way， each figurine is sold at about 20 yuan on average，
which is cheaper compared to 　14　 products sold elsewhere.
　　Mi’s story tells us that we may have 　15　 no control over what happens to us， but
we can control how we respond. If we choose the right attitude， we can rise above
whatever challenges we face.
一
二
三
　　米周在2003年的一次意外中失去了双手。有一次在街上看到一位泥雕艺人做泥
雕，他一下就喜欢上了这门手艺，并决心拜师学艺。现如今，米周可以用自己的手
艺养活自己，他也过得非常开心。
（　A　）1. A. bow B. turn C. smile D. agree
[解析]　由下文中的＂he gradually learned to eat and get dressed＂可知，米周不愿意
向命运低头(bow)。
（　D　）2. A. visit B. matter
C. operation D. accident
[解析]　此处表示米周在意想不到的事故(accident)发生之后的那一年，逐渐学习吃
饭和穿衣服。
A
D
一
二
三
（　B　）3. A. success B. delay
C. argument D. permission
[解析]　此处说的是＂米周马上(without delay)决定向他学习＂。
（　C　）4. A. cheat B. motivate
C. instruct D. advocate
[解析]　那位手艺人看到米周没手指后便说他没有办法教(instruct)米周，故选C项。
（　C　）5. A. promised B. accepted
C. insisted D. apologized
[解析]　在米周的一再坚持(insisted)下，米周终于让手艺人同意教他了。
B
C
C
一
二
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（　D　）6. A. smooth B. pleasant
C. violent D. challenging
[解析]　由下文中的＂In the beginning he could only make two roses in an afternoon＂
和段落中的描述可以推测，学习过程很有挑战性(challenging)。
（　D　）7. A. approval B. curiosity
C. performance D. enthusiasm
D
D
[解析]　由上文中的＂Mi was attracted to the craft and without delay decided to learn
from him＂可以看出，米周对这门技艺有热情(enthusiasm)。approval赞成，同意；
curiosity好奇心；performance表演，表现。
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（　B　）8. A. holding up B. giving up
C. pulling up D. looking up
[解析]　由语境可知，米周对这门技艺有热情，又渴望通过这门手艺谋生，因此，
他从来没有想过放弃(giving up)。hold up举起，耽搁，支撑；pull up(使车)停下；
look up查阅，好转。
（　A　）9. A. takes B. wastes
C. spares D. requires
[解析]　由上文中的＂Mi has been making these clay figurines for 15 years＂可以推测，他现在已经很熟练了，只需花(takes)几分钟就可以做出一个泥雕。
B
A
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（　B　）10. A. dividing B. shaping
C. cutting D. sticking
[解析]　结合语境和常识可知，米周需要首先把泥揉成球的形状。此处shape作动词，意为＂使成为……形状(或样子)＂。
（　D　）11. A. brands B. price lists
C. instructions D. decorations
[解析]　由常识可知，把泥揉成球状之后，米周会把泥球放到棍上，然后再把较小
的部分和装饰(decorations)加上去。
B
D
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（　B　）12. A. free B. joyful
C. curious D. particular
[解析]　由上文可知，米周对泥雕有热情，且能靠泥雕谋生，他应该会感到很快乐
(joyful)。
（　B　）13. A. pick B. pay C. catch D. collect
[解析]　由语境可知，他没有设置固定的价格，所以顾客可以按自己的意愿去付款
(pay)。
B
B
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（　A　）14. A. similar B. familiar
C. standard D. traditional
[解析]　由常识可知，此处对米周做的泥雕和别的地方的相似(similar)产品的价格进
行了比较。
（　C　）15. A. merely B. calmly
C. absolutely D. reasonably
[解析]　此处说的是＂或许我们完全无法控制发生在我们身上的事情，但是我们可
以控制我们如何回应＂。absolutely与no连用表示＂绝对不，完全没有＂。
A
C
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三、语法填空
　　[2024陕西榆林第一次月考]Backlight 226 is a rare bookstore in Shanghai， as in
this bookstore visually impaired people offer books to those with visual impairments.
Located in the city’s leafy Nanchang Street， the store has been a fixture in the area since
2022， providing much-needed reading materials to 　1　 blind community.
　　＂People may only know about Helen Keller， but there are famous blind
Chinese 　2　(writer) as well，＂ said Han Ying， manager of Backlight 226， referring
to the American author and activist 　3　 lost her sight and hearing at an early age.
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　　Han partially lost her vision after an accident and 　4　(become) completely blind
five years later. She said she had to give up 　5　(teach) calligraphy， and the way she
read was also affected.
　　Now， aged 43， she relies 　6　 special apps designed for the visually impaired
and spends most of her time at the bookstore. There， she promotes reading among
visually impaired people and the bookstore 　7　(equip) with facilities that allow the
visually impaired 　8　(read) more comfortably.
　　＂Backlight 226 is a start，＂ Han said. ＂There will 　9　(definite) be more like it
across the country so that we can make the public know more about the special groups
and 　10　(they) world.＂
　　
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1.
[解析]　考查冠词。此处应该用定冠词the表示特指。
the
　　本文是一篇说明文。＂逆光226＂是上海一家残疾人友好书店，视障人群
可以在此感受阅读的快乐。店长韩颖是一位后天失明者，她鼓舞身处逆境的人
向光而行。
2.
[解析]　考查名词的数。由前边的there are可知，此处用所给名词的复数形式writers。
writers
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3.
[解析]　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是the American author and activist，故此处用关系代词who或者that。
who/that
4.
[解析]　考查动词的时态。此处陈述的是过去的情况，且become为系动词，故填
became。
became
5.
[解析]　考查非谓语动词。give up doing sth.意为＂放弃做某事＂，为固定用法。
teaching
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6.
[解析]　考查介词。rely on/upon sth.意为＂依靠某物＂，为固定搭配，故填on或者upon。
on/upon
7.
[解析]　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。结合she promotes reading可知，此处可用一般
现在时，且动词equip与the bookstore是动宾关系，故填is equipped。而且此处也可用
现在完成时表动作已完成。综上可知，空格处填is equipped或者has been equipped。
is equipped/has been equipped
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8.
[解析]　考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.意为＂允许某人做某事＂，为固定用法，故填to read。
to read
9.
[解析]　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词修饰动词，故应用副词，所以
填definitely。
definitely
10.
[解析]　考查代词。此处应该用形容词性物主代词their作定语。
their
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