2025届高考英语一轮复习 人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration（共84张）

(共84张PPT)
选择性必修第四册
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
目 录
Contents
01
基础帮　默写自测
02
教材帮　核心突破
03
高考帮　题型对接
04
练习帮　课时提能
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. n.故事；叙述
2. vi.& vt.(过去式 ；过去分词 ) (使)撤回；
撤离
3. n.纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
4. n.笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
tale　
withdraw　
withdrew　
withdrawn　
bond　
laptop　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
5. vt.对……征税；使纳税 n.税；税款
6. adv.在水下 adj.水下的
7. adv.与此同时； (比较两方面)对比之下
8. n.逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止
tax　
underwater　
meanwhile　
arrest　
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Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1. vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→ n.扩大；延伸→
adj.广泛的；广阔的
2. vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商→ n.谈判；
协商
extend　
extension　
extensive　
negotiate　
negotiation　
3. n.职业；行业→ adj.专业的；职业的n.职业运动员
→ adv.专业地；内行地→ n.教授
4. vt.& vi.(使)混合；调配→ adj.混合的→ n.混合；结
合体；混合物
profession　
professional　
professionally　
professor　
mix　
mixed　
mixture　
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Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
5. vt.覆盖；报道→ n.新闻报道；覆盖范围
6. vt.& vi.鼓掌vt.称赞；赞赏→ n.鼓掌；掌声
cover　
coverage　
applaud　
applause　
7. vi.移居；移动；迁移→ n.迁移；迁徙；移居
8. n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→ adj.宽大的；仁慈的
9. vt.拥有；具有；支配→ n.[pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制
10. vt.反对→ adj.强烈反对的；对立的→ adj.对
面的；相反的 n.对立面prep.与……相对→ n.对手；反对者
migrate　
migration　
mercy　
merciful　
possess　
possession　
oppose　
opposed　
opposite　
opponent　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1. merchant n. adj.
2. fleet n.
3. behold vt.
4. league n.
5. royal adj.
商人；批发商　
海上货运的　
舰队；机群；车队　
看；看见　
等级；水平；联合会；联赛　
皇家的；高贵的　
6. spice n.
7. channel n.
8. tournament n.

(调味)香料　
航道；海峡；频道　
锦标赛；联赛　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ

9. manned adj.
10. capsule n.
11. coral n.
有人控制的；需人操纵的　
胶囊；太空舱　
珊瑚　
12. exploit vt.
13. murder vt.& n.
14. log vt. n.
15. marine adj.
开发；利用　
谋杀　
把……载入正式记录；记录　
正式记录；日志；原木　
海的；海产的　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. 伸(手)；伸手(拿……)
2. 退出；撤回
3. 在手头；可供使用
4. 寻找；搜寻
5. ……与……的混合
reach out　
withdraw from　
in hand　
search for　
a mixture of...and...　
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Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
6. 在……的指挥下
7. 为了……的利益
8. set sail
9. in a league of one’s own
10. press conference
under the command of　
for the benefit of　
起航；开航　
独领风骚　
记者招待会；新闻发布会　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1. was a strong passion for the people of early
civilizations.(动词不定式作主语)
绘制世界大地图是早期文明人们的强烈愿望。
To complete the great map of the world　
2. across the historic
Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world. (The
aim...is to do...)
这一倡议的目的是鼓励史上著名的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，加强中国与世界其
他地区的联系。
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade　
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Ⅱ
Ⅲ
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Ⅴ
3. From a scientific point of view， the Arctic in order
to understand climate change and its effects.(There is an urgent need to do sth.)
从科学的角度来看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
there is an urgent need to study　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
4. We need to understand what is happening to our planet .
(so that引导的目的状语从句)
我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们能够采取行动。
5. Hopefully， ， we may have more options for managing
this balance.(as引导的时间状语从句)
希望随着技术的进步，我们可以有更多的选择来应对这种平衡。
so that we can take action
as technology improves　
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本单元词汇)
1. The police had him and sent him to jail.
2. May I use your to submit a form？ Mine was left home.
3. A of friendship has been formed between the two girls after the competition.
4. The drug was from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.
arrested　
laptop　
bond　
withdrawn　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
5. The doctor will see you again next month. ， you must take these pills
once a day.
6. Most parents tell fairy to their children before sleeping.
7. Take a deep breath and see how long you can stay .
8. The government is making efforts to cut down on for local companies.
Meanwhile　
tales　
underwater　
tax(es)　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Some people think that only give them pressure， while others are
to the idea and believe they can bring the effect. (oppose)
2. The gave us such a introduction about his .
(profession)
3. The girl who the qualities of intelligence and creativity has accumulated a great many . Nowadays， she is in of two famous firms.
(possess)
opponents　
opposed　
opposite　
professor　
professional　
profession　
possesses　
possessions　
possession　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
4. I came home from the meeting with feelings. It was a of excitement and nervousness.(mix)
5. The audience broke into . They kept until the next performer walked onto the stage.(applaud)
6. The issue is still under (negotiate).
mixed　
mixture　
applause　
applauding　
negotiation　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
withdraw from　　　in hand　　　 search for
for the benefit of　　 under the command of
1. It happens that we are a new team coach. Would you like to come？
2. We need more people to work the community.
3. The three classes are all Mr Brown， so he must be responsible for everyone.
searching for　
for the benefit of　
under the command of　
4. If you apply yourself to the job ， you’ll soon finish it.
5. She had kind of expected him to the course， because it was obviously beyond his reach.
in hand　
withdraw from　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1. 早睡很重要，尤其当你第二天有考试时。(动词不定式作主语)
especially when you have a test the next day.
2. 演讲比赛的目的是唤起学生节约粮食的意识。(The aim...is to do...)

To sleep early is of great significance　
The aim of the speech contest is to arouse the students’ awareness of saving food.　
3. 迫切需要教育人们垃圾分类的重要性。(There is an urgent need to do sth.)
about the significance of garbage classification.
There is an urgent need to educate people　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
4. 我们所有人都应该感激我们所拥有的，这样我们才能过上幸福的生活。(so that引
导的目的状语从句)
All of us should be grateful for what we have .
so that we can live a happy life　
5. 他在森林里迷了路，随着夜幕降临，他感到非常害怕和孤独。(as引导的时间状语
从句)
He had lost his way in the forest and he felt very frightened and lonely.
as darkness fell　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
1. Long before Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers， merchants and
explorers had set sail from east to west. The Silk Road across the sea was even extended
to the Indian Ocean apart from the overland route. There， merchants met to negotiate
trade deals. In the Ming Dynasty， Zheng He set sail to the east coast of Africa. African
royal families sent gifts in return for silk and spices. Although China withdrew from
further expeditions later， these sea routes remained active channels. The historic Silk
Road now helps to strengthen the political， economic and cultural bonds between China
and other countries. With the latest technology in hand， China is reaching out across
the sea far into the future.
2. Some people argue that exploring the sea is not exploiting it. However， some
countries are still ＂murdering＂ intelligent marine creatures like whales without mercy
according to media coverage. The sea is home to life， not human beings’ possessions.
All of us in any profession should protect it. Meanwhile， some opponents applaud sea
exploration， believing that to understand it is to better protect it.
1 extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；扩大……的范围(或影响)；给予　vi.包括；涉及
(范围)
1. [人教选必①-5]The shelter...is comprised of two large tunnels that were intended to one
day become an (extend) of the London Underground.
2. Everyone was impressed by his (extend) knowledge of music.
extension　
extensive　
3. 《史记》共52万余字，涉及3 000多年的历史，分为五部分，共130篇。
Totalling over 520，000 Chinese characters and
， Records of the Historian consists of 130 chapters in five categories.
extending over a period of more than
3，000 years　
4. 我很荣幸代表我们班向您发出邀请。(邀请信)
It is my honour to on behalf of our class.
extend an invitation to you　
★extend sth. to sb.给予某人某物
★extension n.扩大；延伸；延长(或扩大)的事物
extensive adj.广泛的；广阔的
extended adj.延长了的；扩展了的
2 negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议)　vi.谈判；磋商；协商
1. [译林选必④-2]For example， if you are a business person negotiating a
large enterprise a deal， you should do it face to face， using formal
language in a straightforward manner.
2. The problem is so tough that it is still under (negotiate).
with　
about/for　
negotiation　
3. 参加这次活动提高了我们的谈判技巧，培养了我们的团队精神。 (活动意义)
Participation in the activity and built our team spirit.
(has) improved our negotiation skills　
★negotiate with sb.about/for sth.和某人商议某事
★negotiation n.谈判；协商
under negotiation在商谈中
in negotiation with和……协商中
3 mercy n.仁慈，宽恕；恩惠，幸运
1. [译林选必④-1]A ship without an anchor is the mercy of the waves and winds...
2. She was such a (mercy) woman that she often distributed food and
clothing to the homeless.
at　
merciful　
3. 他们在海里漂了一整天之后，大自然对他们展示了些许怜悯。(读后续写之情
境描写)
→①Nature after they had
floated on the sea for a whole day. (mercy)
→②Nature after they had floated on the sea for a whole
day.(merciful)
showed a little mercy to them/had a little mercy on them　
was a little merciful to them　
★show mercy to/have mercy on 对……怜悯或宽恕
without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地
at the mercy of 任由……摆布或控制
★merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的
be merciful to 对……仁慈
★merciless adj. 残忍的
4 possession n.拥有；控制；[usually pl.]个人财产
1. [人教选必④-4]The only (possess) I could see were one broom， a few
saucers， a kettle， cups， pans， and a couple of jars.
2. The (possess) of a passport is essential for foreign travel.
3. You can succeed only when you have a good mood.
→ (倒
装；词汇升级)
possessions　
possession　
Only when you are in possession of a good mood can you succeed.　
4. 作为中国四大名著之一，这本书具有极大的智慧和中文的精髓，值得一读。(推介信)
Regarded as one of the four famous Chinese classics of literature，
and the essence of Chinese， which makes it worthwhile to read.(possess)
the book possesses
great wisdom　
★in possession of拥有(强调状态)
in sb.’s possession＝in the possession of sb.为某人所有
take possession of拥有；占有(强调动作)
★possess vt.拥有；具有(特质)；(情绪等) 控制
5 in hand 在手头；可供使用(available)；在掌握中
1. in hand　hand in hand　hand out　by hand
①[人教必修①-1]Every Wednesday，we work at a soup kitchen and food
to homeless people in the community.
②[人教选必①-5]Peanuts are planted in April or May. It takes around 120 to 160 days for
them to be ready for harvesting. This is usually done .
③[人教选必②-3]What we can say， however， is that culture and cuisine go
， and if you do not experience one， you can never really know the other.
④[人教选必④-3]With lots of food and drink ， they set off for their picnic.
hand out　
by hand　
hand in
hand　
in hand　
2. 一方面，他们想要孩子；另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。
， they’d love to have kids； ， they don’t
want to give up their freedom.
3. [人教必修③-3]它们可以让从未到过中国的游客亲自体验中国传统文化。
They allow visitors who have never been to China
.
On the one hand　
on the other (hand)　
to experience traditional Chinese
culture (at) first hand　
★at hand(在时间或距离上)接近(close)
by hand手工
(at) first hand第一手；亲自
hand in hand手拉手；密切关联
give/lend a helping hand帮助
on the one hand...on the other (hand)...一方面……，另一方面……
★hand in上交
hand down传给(后代)
hand out分发
6 reach out伸出(手)
1. [外研选必①-6]Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach and
touch its pale blue mirror-like surface.
2. [外研选必④-6]The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us， reminding us that we must
continue to reach the stars， no matter how distant they might seem.
out　
for　
3. 尽管Meredith一家并不富裕，但他们总是愿意力所能及地向他人伸出援手。
(人物介绍)
Although the Merediths weren’t well off， they were always
.
willing to reach out to
others within their reach　
★reach out to sb.对某人感兴趣；向某人伸出援手
reach for伸出手去拿……
reach a conclusion/decision/goal得出结论/做出决定/达成目标
★within/beyond/out of (the) reach of在……能力可及的范围内/外
7 There is an urgent need to do sth. 迫切需要做某事。
1. There is no point (push) them to practice unless they are talented and they
enjoy it.
2. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.[谚语翻译]

pushing　
覆水难收/后悔也于事无补。　
3. 全球变暖已经成为海洋生物的一大威胁，迫切需要我们尽一切努力来对抗全球变暖。(保护海洋)

which has become a great threat to sea creatures.
4. [人教选必④-4]毫无疑问，这些活动将给你留下难忘的回忆。 (活动总结)

There is an urgent need for us to try every means to fight against global warming　
There is no doubt that these activities will leave you with unforgettable memories.　
★There is no need (for sb.) to do...(某人)不需要做……
★There is evidence/no doubt/no denying that...有证据表明/毫无疑问/不可否认……
There is no use/good/point/sense (in) doing...做……没有意义。
8 as引导的从句
1. 我的所有队员都对这次比赛感到兴奋，因为我们对计算机编程有着极大的热情。
All my team members are excited about this competition
.
2. 虽然我们很累，但我们感到很放松，对运动也变得更加热情。
， we felt relaxed and we became more passionate about sports.
as we have great enthusiasm
Tired as we were　
for computer programming　
3. 我们都知道，没有付出就没有收获。(读后续写之主旨升华)

As we all know， no pain， no gain.　
4. 然而，随着比赛的进行，我变得非常疲惫，再也跟不上其他选手了。
However， ， I became extremely tired and couldn’t keep up with
other racers any more.
5. 汤姆很聪明，他完全按照老师教他的那样做了。
Tom was so intelligent that .
as the race went on　
he did exactly as the teacher had taught him　
★as引导原因状语从句，表示＂因为＂ 。
★as引导让步状语从句，表示＂尽管，虽然＂，状语从句需要倒装。
★as引导时间状语从句，表示＂随着＂。
★as引导方式状语从句，表示＂像……一样，正如＂。
★as引导比较状语从句时基本结构是as...as。前一个as是副词；后一个as引导比较状
语从句，表示＂像……一样，正如＂。
★as引导非限制性定语从句，表示＂正如，像＂，指代整个主句，在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，从句可位于句首、句中或句末，通常由逗号与主句隔开。
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1. [2023新高考Ⅰ]When I handed the essay to my teacher， he read it， laughed out loud， and said， ＂Great. Now， write it again.＂
2. [2022全国甲]Throughout her career(职业) as a (profession) dancer，
she toured in the UK， but always longed to explore further.
3. [2021新高考Ⅰ]Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and added in some milk. Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg (mix).
in　
professional　
mixture　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
4. [全国Ⅲ]If you are in need of a deadline (extend)， simply explain the
situation to the professor.
5. [浙江高考]...I stepped foot onto UCR’s campus， where over 400 organizations exist，
ranging from (politics) organizations to karate club.
6. [江苏高考]When he selects news of the other kind， he usually withdraws
the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
extension　
political　
from　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1. [2020全国Ⅱ]It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the
wonderment of books.
2. [天津高考]Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme — is not one
that can be acquired overnight.
v.增强亲密关系　
v.使竭尽全力　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——保护海洋
　　[2022全国甲]你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你
写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
　　1. 海洋的重要性；
　　2. 保护海洋的倡议。
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
◎写作要点
1. 海洋面积约占地球的四分之三，对全球气候至关重要。(extend)


2. 海洋生物也为我们提供了丰富的资源和食物。(marine)
　Extending about three quarters of the planet， oceans are crucial for the global climate.　
Marine life also provides abundant resources and food for us.　


3. 我们有责任保护海洋，而不是将海洋视为任由人类摆布的财产。(possession，mercy)


　It’s our responsibility to protect oceans instead of regarding them as our possessions that can be at the mercy of humankind.　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ

5. 同时，我们也应该呼吁周围的人采取行动。(meanwhile)

Do whatever we can with advanced technologies in hand to make a difference.　
Meanwhile， we’re supposed to call on people around us to take action， too.　
4. 利用手头可用的先进技术，尽我们所能做出改变。(in hand)
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
◎连句成篇
　　请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Our Oceans， Our Responsibility
　　June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.




It aims to
raise people’s awareness of protecting oceans.　　　　　　　　　　　　
It goes without saying that oceans play a critical role in the world. Extending about
three quarters of the planet， oceans are crucial for the global climate. In addition，
marine life also provides abundant resources and food for us.　　　　　
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
It’s our responsibility to protect oceans instead of regarding them as our possessions that can be at the mercy of humankind. First of all， do whatever we can with advanced technologies in hand to make a difference. For example， stop throwing garbage into oceans. Meanwhile， we’re supposed to call on people around us to take action， too. I believe we will have cleaner oceans.　　　　　　　　　　




Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
写作二　读后续写——动作描写之各种＂程度＂
积累背诵 单词 further， quite， rather， highly， greatly， fairly， extremely，
absolutely， totally， completely， fully， entirely， really，
awfully， deeply， partly， slightly， largely， widely， perfectly，
badly， enormously， nearly， desperately， enough； severe
词组 a lot， a bit， a little， a great deal， to some extent， in large part在很大程度上
Ⅰ
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积累背诵 佳句 1.Grace kept quiet because she thought she was not good enough to play for an
audience. 格蕾丝保持沉默，因为她认为自己不够好，不适合为观众演奏。
2.The teacher said， ＂Sally， you have worked really hard and fully deserve
the praise for your outstanding performance.＂ 老师说：＂萨莉，你学习很努
力，你的出色表现完全值得表扬。＂
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积累背诵 佳句 3.Shocked and dumb， Grady was rooted to the ground for seconds， and then
dashed to their camp desperately， shouting for help in the meantime. 格雷迪被
吓得目瞪口呆，呆住几秒钟，然后拼命冲向他们的营地，同时大声呼救。
4.Obviously， that experience had a profound impact on my life. 显然，那次经
历对我的生活产生了深远的影响。
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仿写运用
根据左栏素材完成下列各句
1.小男孩完全被弄糊涂了，弄不明白这个故事的含义。于是他请导游进一步解释。
The little boy was and could not figure out the
implication of the story. So he asked the guide to .
2.她最好的朋友在婚礼上发表的发自内心的演讲深深地感动了她。
She was by the heartfelt speech given by her best friend at the
wedding.
completely puzzled/confused　
explain further　
deeply moved　
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仿写运用
3.在街上漫无目的地闲逛了几个小时后，她感到有点饿了，想要吃点东西。
Having wandered aimlessly in the street for hours， she felt and
wished for something to eat.
4.杰克的话使罗丝大为恼火，她非常生气地喊道：＂你为什么总是做什么事都这么慢？＂
Jack’s words threw Rose into great fury and she got ，
shouting ＂Why are you always so slow at everything？＂
a little hungry　
extremely/very angry　
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Ⅱ
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仿写运用
5.他低着头向老太太道歉：＂我对此感到非常抱歉。我向你保证，这种事不会再发
生了。＂
With his head down， he apologized to the old lady， ＂I’m about it.
I assure you it won’t happen again.＂
terribly sorry　
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一、阅读理解
A
　　[2024天星原创]One of the ocean’s noisiest creatures is smaller than you’d expect —
snapping shrimp(鼓虾). They create a widespread background noise in the underwater
environment， which helps them communicate， defend territories and hunt for food.
When enough shrimp snap(发出噼啪声) at once， the noise can dominate the soundscape
of coastal waters.
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　　Aran Mooney， a biologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution， suggested
that with increased ocean temperatures， snapping shrimp will snap more often and louder
than before. This could raise the background noise of the global ocean. ＂They make a
sound by closing a claw so fast. This makes a bubble(泡泡) and when that bubble
explodes， it makes that snapping sound，＂ said Mooney.
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　　Mooney detected a strong relationship between warmer waters and deafening， more
frequent snapping shrimp sounds by experimenting with the shrimp in tanks in the lab and
by listening to the shrimp in the ocean at various water temperatures. ＂As the temperature
rises， the snap rate increases，＂ he said. This makes sense because shrimp are essentially cold-blooded animals， meaning their body temperature and activity levels are largely controlled by their living environment. ＂We can actually show in the field that not only do snap rates increase， but the sound levels increase as well，＂ he said.
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　　How the louder snapping shrimp would bother or benefit the surroundings remained
to be seen. ＂We know that fish use sound to communicate，＂ Mooney said. ＂If the
environment gets noisy， it has the potential to influence that communication. That’s
something we have to follow up on.＂ There is also the possibility that the change of
snapping shrimp disturbs instruments humans use to detect mines， which could have
implications for national defense.
　　本文是说明文。鼓虾是一种体型很小却能发出很大声音的海洋生物，随着气候变暖及海水升温，鼓虾发出的声音也日益增大，这可能会影响其他海洋生物和人类。
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（　A　）1. What can we know about the snapping shrimp’s sound？
A. It has multiple uses.
B. It is vital to the ecosystem.
C. It is hard to be detected.
D. It aims to protect the shrimp.
[解析]　细节理解题。由第一段中的＂They create a widespread background noise...which helps them communicate， defend territories and hunt for food＂可知，鼓虾发出的声音有助于它们交流、保卫领土和寻找食物，即其声音有多种作用，故本题选A。
A
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（　D　）2. How does Mooney reach the conclusion？
A. By observing snapping shrimp in the field.
B. By recording snap rates in the lab.
C. By analyzing the way shrimp make noise.
D. By comparing shrimp’s sound in different places.
[解析]　推理判断题。由第三段的＂Mooney detected a strong relationship between
warmer waters...tanks in the lab and by listening to the shrimp in the ocean at various
water temperatures＂可知，Mooney通过实验室的水箱用鼓虾做实验，并听海洋中各
种水温里的鼓虾发出的声音，发现了温暖的水域与震耳欲聋、更频繁的鼓虾声之间
的密切关系，即他通过对比不同地点鼓虾发出的声音得出了结论，所以本题选D。
D
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（　B　）3. What might Mooney research next？
A. Applications of shrimp’s sound.
B. Impacts of the noise on other creatures.
C. Means of communication among fish.
D. Methods of preventing shrimp’s snapping.
[解析]　推理判断题。最后一段提到吵闹的鼓虾会如何干扰或有益于周围环境还有
待观察。如果环境变得嘈杂，它有可能影响鱼类之间的交流，Mooney认为这是他们
必须跟进的研究。还有一种可能性是，鼓虾发出的声音变大会干扰人类用来探测水
雷的仪器。由此可推断，Mooney接下来可能会研究鼓虾发出的声音对其他生物的影
响，故本题选B。
B
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（　C　）4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A. Underwater World Is No Longer Quiet
B. Small Animals Make a Big Difference
C. Warming Oceans Are Getting Louder
D. Snapping Shrimp’s Noise Speaks Much
[解析]　标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了随着气候变暖及海水温
度升高，鼓虾发出的声音也日益增大，发出声音的频率也增加，这可能会影响其他
海洋生物和人类。C项＂变暖的海洋变得更吵闹＂形象贴切地总结了文章内容，做
本文的标题最佳。
C
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B
　　[2023河南名校联考]Scientists have discovered what they believe is the world’s
largest plant， an underwater field of sea grass that stretches for 112 miles off the west
coast of Australia. This huge meadow(草地) has spread widely all through Shark Bay. The
sea grass plant is believed to be around 4， 500 years old.
　　Many plants create new plants by growing flowers and spreading seeds. The DNA of
the plants that grow from these seeds is slightly different from the DNA of the plants that
the seeds came from. By comparing the DNA from their samples， the scientists hoped to
get an idea of how many different sea grass plants there were in the meadow.
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　　What they learned shocked them — all of the grass samples had almost exactly the same DNA. That meant that they were all just one plant， one big sea grass plant spreading out over 77 square miles. This makes it the largest known plant in the world by far.
　　So how has the Shark Bay sea grass grown so large？ Instead of spreading with
flowers and seeds， it spreads by cloning(克隆) itself. As its roots spread out under the sea floor， new plants shoot up from those roots.
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　　The sea grass in Shark Bay is also unusual in another way. It’s a ＂polyploid＂.
Usually， an organism(有机体) has two parents， and gets half of its DNA from each.
But polyploid organisms have all of the DNA from both parents， meaning they have
twice as much DNA. The scientists think the extra DNA may make it easier for the sea
grass to survive in difficult conditions.
　　The Shark Bay sea grass generally grows and spreads about 14 inches a year. Because
of the history of Shark Bay and the rate of growth， the scientists believe that the plant is
about 4， 500 years old.
　　本文是一篇说明文。科学家们发现了他们认为世界上最大的植物：澳大利亚西
海岸绵延1.12英里的一片水下海草田。这片巨大的草地遍布鲨鱼湾。这种海草被认
为大约有4500年的历史。
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（　B　）1.Why did the scientists compare the DNA of the sea plants？
A. To find ways to protect sea plants.
B. To discover the diversity of sea plants.
C. To identify the oldest plants in the sea.
D. To explore the unknown ocean resources.
[解析]　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句＂By comparing the DNA from their samples， the scientists hoped to get an idea of how many different sea grass plants there were in the meadow＂可知，科学家比较海洋植物的DNA是为了发现海洋植物的多样性，故选B。
B
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（　C　）2. What can we learn about the sea grass in Shark Bay？
A. Its DNA cannot be cloned.
B. It blooms and bears many seeds.
C. Its roots are a connected whole.
D. It is the fastest growing grass in the world.
[解析]　推理判断题。由第四段最后一句＂As its roots spread out under the sea floor，
new plants shoot up from those roots＂可推知，鲨鱼湾的海草的根是一个相连的整
体，故选C。
C
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（　D　）3. What is one of the advantages of polyploid organisms？
A. Gaining the ability to grow bigger.
B. Getting parts of the parents’ DNA.
C. Having an advantage over any other sea plant.
D. Being more adaptable to tough conditions.
[解析]　细节理解题。由第五段最后一句＂The scientists think the extra DNA may make it easier for the sea grass to survive in difficult conditions＂可知，多倍体生物的优点之一是更能适应恶劣的环境，故选D。
D
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（　C　）4. What is the main idea of this text？
A. Genetic changes in sea grass.
B. The ecological status of the sea floor.
C. Scientists found world’s largest plant.
D. New underwater grass is discovered.
[解析]　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段第一句＂Scientists have discovered what
they believe is the world’s largest plant， an underwater field of sea grass that stretches
for 1.12 miles off the west coast of Australia＂为文章的主题句，下面内容是围绕该句
展开的，由此可知，C项切题。
C
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二、完形填空
　　For more than a century， fishermen in Laguna， Brazil， have caught fish with the
help of bottlenose dolphins.
　　The dolphins push schools of fish in the 　1　 of the shore and then jump out of the
water， 　2　 to the fishermen to rapidly cast out their nets. The fishermen make a large
catch， and 　3　 ， the dolphins look around for the fish that have missed the fishing
nets — a quick and easy meal！
　　This dolphin-human 　4　 is especially unique， because it is 　5　 to both humans
and dolphins.
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　　According to a study 　6　 with underwater sound recordings， dolphins occupied
with this relationship with humans are 13％ more likely to 　7　 in the wild. This is
because they stay near the shores of the ocean and are less likely to be 　8　 when fishing
nets are thrown into the open ocean. In Laguna， fishing with fellow dolphins has become
a(n) 　9　 in many families， though the dolphins are not 　10　 trained for this
purpose. From their 　11　， fishermen pass on their knowledge to their children，
teaching them to 　12　 with their partners through clicking noises and how to distinguish
dolphin behaviors.
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　　Interestingly， this is not the first time humans and other species of animals
have 　13　 to hunt for food together. In Africa， the honeyguides， a small bird species
that 　14　 on beeswax， use large noises and calls to communicate， leading humans to
trees where bees’ nests are 　15　.
　　Researchers hope that future generations will be able to carry on this special tradition.
　　本文主要介绍了巴西Laguna的渔民和海豚合作捕鱼的共生现象。
（　C　）1. A. form B. center
C. direction D. position
[解析]　海豚把成群的鱼向海岸的方向(direction)驱赶，然后跳出水面，示意渔民们
快速撒下他们的网，故选C。
C
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（　D　）2. A. reporting B. promising
C. answering D. signaling
[解析]　参见上题解析。signal示意，发出信号。
（　A　）3. A. in return B. in balance
C. in brief D. in advance
[解析]　渔民们捕获了大量的鱼，作为回报(in return)，海豚四处寻找漏网的鱼——
一顿容易且快捷的饭。
D
A
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（　A　）4. A. interaction B. interruption
C. instruction D. education
[解析]　由第一段＂For more than a century， fishermen in Laguna， Brazil， have
caught fish with the help of bottlenose dolphins＂以及第二段的具体描述可知，此处指
的是海豚和人类的互助合作关系，故选A。
（　B　）5. A. restricted B. beneficial
C. dangerous D. challenging
[解析]　这种海豚和人类的互助合作是独一无二的，因为这是对人类和海豚都有益
的(beneficial)事情，故选B。restricted受限制的，dangerous危险的，challenging有挑
战性的。
A
B
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（　B　）6. A. designed B. conducted
C. prepared D. observed
[解析]　根据一项用水下录音进行(conducted)的研究，忙于与人类互助的海豚
在野外活下来的可能性增加了百分之十三，故选B。design设计，prepare 准
备，observe观察。
（　A　）7. A. survive B. develop
C. suffer D. exist
[解析]　参见上题解析。survive幸存。
B
A
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（　C　）8. A. doubted B. controlled
C. harmed D. shocked
[解析]　这是因为它们待在海岸附近，当渔网被扔进海洋里时被伤害(harmed)到的可
能性更小，故选C。
（　B　）9. A. fashion B. tradition
C. information D. impression
[解析]　由第一段＂For more than a century， fishermen in Laguna， Brazil， have
caught fish with the help of bottlenose dolphins＂以及文章最后一句＂Researchers hope
that future generations will be able to carry on this special tradition＂可知，这已经成了
很多家庭的传统，故选B。
C
B
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（　D　）10. A. cautiously B. carefully
C. thoughtfully D. intentionally
[解析]　在Laguna，与海豚共同捕鱼已经成了很多家庭的传统，虽然这些海豚并不
是为了这个目的而刻意(intentionally)训练的，故选D。 cautiously谨慎地，carefully认
真地， thoughtfully考虑周全地。
D
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（　C　）11. A. movement B. schedule
C. experience D. imagination
[解析]　根据他们的经验(experience)，渔民们把他们的知识传递给他们的孩子，教他们通过滴答声与他们的搭档交流并教他们如何区分海豚的行为，故选C。movement运动， schedule时间表， imagination想象。
C
（　C　）12. A. connect B. contact
C. communicate D. mix
[解析]　参见上题解析。
C
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（　D　）13. A. approached B. competed
C. separated D. cooperated
[解析]　有趣的是，这并非人类与动物首次合作捕食，故选D。approach靠近，compete比赛， separate隔开。
（　A　）14. A. feed B. work C. operate D. look
[解析]　在非洲，响蜜鸟，一种以蜂蜡为食的小鸟，用大量的噪音和叫声来与人交流，带着人们找到有隐藏蜂巢的树。feed表示＂以……为食＂，符合语境。
D
A
（　B　）15. A. exposed B. hidden
C. broken D. furnished
[解析]　参见上题解析。hide隐藏。
B
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三、语法填空
　　[2023浙江温州三模]Inspired by the work of William Beebe， Dr.Sylvia Earle began
her work as an oceanographer at an early age when she 　1　(knock) off her feet by a wave. She was fascinated by the ocean and its creatures. Although she struggled 　2　(balance)her studies and family， Earle earned her PhD from Duke University， becoming well-known in the marine science community. Early in her career and while she was four 　3　(month) pregnant， Earle traveled 30.5m below the surface in a submersible. Her experience of
　4　(live) in an underwater marine habitat earned her celebrity status in the scientific community.
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　　With the experience， Earle developed an interest 　5　 deep-sea exploration， and
in 1979 she broke 　6　 record for deep-sea diving at 381m below the surface in a special
suit called the JIM Suit designed to withstand(承受) the 　7　(press). Earle decided to
test the suit as part of her research on a book 　8　(publish) by the National Geographic
Society， and the diving techniques only scratched the surface of the ocean. Following
this adventure， Earle started two companies 　9　 produced deep-sea exploration
vehicles. The continued advancement in the technology of these vehicles has helped open
up areas in the deep sea 　10　(previous) unexplored.
　　本文主要讲述了美国深海探险家Sylvia Earle无畏艰险、探索海洋的事迹。
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1.
[解析]　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语at an early age可知，此处是在陈述过去发生的事情，且主语she和knock之间是被动关系，故填was knocked。
was knocked
2.
[解析]　考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth.意为＂艰难地做某事，努力做某事＂，为固定用法，故填to balance。
to balance
3.
[解析]　考查名词的数。由空前的four可知，空处填months。
months
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4.
[解析]　考查非谓语动词。所填词作介词of的宾语，表示一般情况和主谓关系，故
用living。
living
5.
[解析]　考查介词。develop an interest in...为固定短语，意为＂对……产生兴趣＂，
故填in。
in
6.
[解析]　考查冠词。此处表示特指，故填the。
the
7.
[解析]　考查名词。所填词作宾语，表示＂压力＂，故用不可数名词pressure。
pressure
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8.
[解析]　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词。book和publish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且非谓语所表示动作已完成，再结合空后的by可知，此处应用过去分词published。
published
9.
[解析]　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词为two companies，故填which/that。
which/that
10.
[解析]　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词修饰作定语的unexplored，故填副词previously。
previously
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