2025届高考英语二轮复习专题二： 名词、形容词和副词、数词课件(共103张PPT)
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(共103张PPT)
第二部分 学透语法
基础词法篇 专题二 名词、
形容词和副词、数词
目 录
Contents
01
高考帮 研透命题
02
语法帮 考点通关
03
练习帮 课时提能
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副
词的比较 等级及其他 数词
其他→名 其他→形/副 2023 新Ⅰ 56.tasty 64.rarely
新
Ⅱ 61.interviews 56.arrival 57.confident 63.Basically
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副
词的比较 等级及其他 数词
2023 甲 69.warning 67.Different 62.sixth
乙 64.wonders 69.remarkable
2022 新Ⅰ 62.populations 63.eventually
新
Ⅱ 64.son’s 58.asleep 60.accidentally
甲 65.protection 66.meaningful 68.highest
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副词的比较等级及其他 数词
2022 乙 65.responsibility 64.largest
浙
江 58.photographer 64.independence 60.existing 61.sighted
2021 新Ⅰ 57.humans 58.undoubtedly 60.astonished 59.hotter(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副
词的比较 等级及其他 数词
2021 新Ⅱ 64.representative 61.harmful 62.excited 56.seventh
甲 69.watchtowers 70.daily 65.better
乙 69.Activities 62.development 61.educated 68.financial
浙江 58.marriage 59.smaller
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副
词的比较 等级及其他 数词
2020 新Ⅰ 64.accuracy 56.wealthy
新Ⅱ 59.professions 58.requirement 57.educational
Ⅰ 64.interest(interesting) 62.extremely 69.much(how much)
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副词
的比较等级及
其他 数词
2020 Ⅱ 61.celebration 66.Certainly 69.beautiful
Ⅲ 64.curiosity 68.gently 62.finest
浙
江 62.seasons
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副词
的比较等级及
其他 数词
2019 Ⅰ 66.belief 62.poorly 68.higher
Ⅱ 63.finally 70.wonderful
Ⅲ petition 67.traditional 68.hugely 61.so(so...that...)
浙
江 64.connection(s) 60.easily 65.traditional
考向1 名词的数和格 [全国卷5年8考]
1. [2023新高考Ⅱ，61]They also need to be ready to give (interview) in
English with international journalists.
2. [2022新高考Ⅱ，64]＂He saved my (son) life，＂ said Mrs. Brown.
interviews
son’s
1. 考查名词的数时，通常根据名词是否可数以及空前的修饰词判断；
2. 高考对名词所有格的考查相对较少，需判断空处与空后名词是否为所属
关系。
1. [2023 全国乙，64]But for all its ancient buildings， Beijing is also a place that/which
welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life， with 21st-century
architectural (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the
past.
2. [2023 浙江1月，64]Thanks to Beijing’s long history as the capital of China， almost
every hutong has its stories， and some are even associated with
historic (event) .
wonders
events
3. [2021新高考Ⅰ，57]The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind
you how tiny we (human) are.
4. [2021全国甲，69]Supposedly you can do it in two hours， but we stopped at the
different gates and (watchtower) to take pictures...
5. [2021全国乙，69] (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking
(远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
6. [2021北京，11]Why do we dream？ Scientists aren’t completely sure， and they have
diverse (idea).
humans
watchtowers
Activities
ideas
7. [2020浙江，62]Later， they learned to work with the (season)， planting
at the right time and， in dry areas， making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their
fields.
8. [2020北京，7]Now， lots of (country) and regions are taking action to
ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
seasons
countries
考向2 词形转换 [全国卷5年41考]
3. [2023新高考Ⅱ，56]Since June 2017， right before the (arrive) of the two
new pandas， Meng Meng and Jiao Qing， I have been helping the panda keepers at the
zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
4. [2023浙江1月，57]The term ＂hutong＂， (original) meaning ＂water
well＂ in Mongolian， appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
5. [2023浙江1月，61]The hutongs they formed were orderly， lined
by (space) homes and walled gardens.
arrival
originally
spacious
高考以词形转换的形式来考查名词、形容词和副词最为常见，做题时要注意分
析空处在句中所作成分。常考形式有＂a/an＋adj.＋n.＂＂the ＋n.＋ of＂等；空处修
饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子时，用副词。
一、其他→名词
(一)动词→名词
1. [2022浙江，58]John Olson， a former (photograph)， and his team
turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
2. [2022浙江1月，64]When the answer was no， she declined the (invite).
3. [2021新高考Ⅱ，64]A company (represent) wrote back and told me
the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1，200 daily flights.
photographer
invitation
representative
4. [2020全国Ⅱ，61]Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of
the winter season and the beginning of spring.
5. [全国Ⅰ，66]In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in
bear sightings around human settlements， leading to a (believe) that
populations are increasing.
6. [全国Ⅲ，66]When they were free from work， they invited us to local events and let
us know of an interesting (compete) to watch， together with the story
behind it.
7. [浙江高考，64]Other American studies showed no (connect)
between uniforms and school performance.
8. [浙江高考，64]Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase
in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.
celebration
belief
competition
connection(s)
weight
(二)形容词→名词
9. [2022浙江，64]＂I can actually feel what you see when you look at it，＂ he said. For
Luc， this means (independent).
10. [2020新高考Ⅰ，64]At the Jorvik Centre in York，the city’s Viking settlement is
recreated，and people experience the sights，sounds and smells of the old town.
Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
11. [2020全国Ⅲ，64]Filled with (curious)， the artist packed his bags and
left.
independence
accuracy
curiosity
(三)名词→名词
12. [全国Ⅲ，66]My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a (science)who studies
animals such as apes and monkeys.
scientist
二、其他→形容词/副词
(一)名词/动词→形容词
13. [2023新高考Ⅱ，57]Since June 2017...I have been helping the panda keepers at the
zoo to feel more comfortable and (confidence) speaking English.
confident
14. [2023 全国乙，69]The (remark) development of this city， which is
consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world， means
there is always something new to discover here， and I could be photographing Beijing
for the next 50 years.
15. [2023全国甲，67] (difference) from traditional fables， Carson’s story
ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
16. [2022全国甲，66]Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even
more (meaning).
remarkable
Different
meaningful
17. [2022浙江，60 & 61]Blind people recognize shapes with their (exist)
senses， in a way similar to that of (sight) people， says Ella Striem-Amit，
a Harvard scientist.
18. [2021全国乙，61]Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to
undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to
become (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical
conditions and cultural characteristics...
19. [2021全国乙，68]Provide (finance) aid and other benefits for local
peoples.
existing
sighted
educated
financial
20. [2021新高考Ⅰ，60]Strange， isn’t it？ But that’s how nature is — always leaving
us (astonish).
21. [2021新高考Ⅱ，61]I told him how (harm) plastic could be to the
environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
22. [2021新高考Ⅱ，62]I was so (excite) when he wrote back to me.
23. [2020新高考Ⅰ，56]In the 18th and 19th centuries， (wealth) people
travelled and collected plants，historical objects and worksofart.
24. [2020新高考Ⅱ，57]At the same time， computer games are becoming increasingly
popular as major publishing houses continue to develop (education)
computer programs for children in preschool.
astonished
harmful
excited
wealthy
educational
25. [2020全国Ⅱ，69]The (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored
buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
26. [全国Ⅱ，70]We are so proud of her. It’s (wonder).
27. [浙江高考，65]School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain， but some
schools are starting to get rid of them.
28. [全国Ⅰ，69]Running is cheap， easy and it’s always (energy).
29. [全国Ⅱ，67]According to the World Bank， China accounts for about 30 percent of
total (globe) fertilizer consumption.
beautiful
wonderful
traditional
energetic
global
(二)形容词→副词
30. [2023新高考Ⅰ，64]No matter where I buy them， though， one steamer basket
is (rare) enough， yet two seems greedy， and so I am always left wanting
more next time.
31. [2023新高考Ⅱ，63]So， what are they learning？ (basic)， how to
describe a panda’s life.
32. [2023北京，12]I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland， I threw a house-
warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up (exact)
on time.
rarely
Basically
exactly
33. [2021新高考Ⅰ，58]The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must
try after the climb. It will (undoubted) help you get refreshed！
34. [2021北京，16]Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she
could (safe) wait for the police to take her home.
35. [2020全国Ⅱ，66]Chinese love their ＂Lucky Bamboo＂ plants and you will see them
often in their homes and offices. (certain) during the holiday period， this
plant is a must.
36. [2020全国Ⅲ，68]As the small boat moved (gentle) along the river he was
left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
undoubtedly
safely
Certainly
gently
37. [全国Ⅰ，62]It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of
the range has been (poor) studied； however， biologists calculate that there
are about 20，000-25，000 polar bears worldwide.
38. [全国Ⅱ，63]Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowledged after
a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
39. [浙江高考，60]When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark
mornings， car drivers can (easy) see them.
poorly
finally
easily
考向3 形容词和副词的比较等级 [全国卷5年6考]
6. [2022全国乙，64]As a main promoter of the International Tea Day， the birthplace of
tea and the (large) tea-producing country， China has a responsibility to work
with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
7. [2021新高考Ⅰ，59]The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the
temperature gets， the (hot) the spring！
largest
hotter
高考考查形容词和副词的比较等级时，通常需要借助标志词(than，of all等)、
空前修饰词或一些固定句式来判定设空处用比较级还是最高级。有时则需要通过推
测语境中暗含的比较含义来进行判定。
1. [2022全国甲，68]In the last five years， Cao has walked through 34 countries in six
continents， and in 2016， he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，
Africa’s (high) mountain.
2. [2022北京，19]That’s a big problem and it is getting even (bad).
3. [2021全国甲，65]After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at
the wall， we decided it was time for some action and what (good) than to ride
on a piece of history！
highest
worse
better
4. [2020北京，10]They were much stronger than modern humans， but it’s long been
assumed that human ancestors were (smart) than the Neanderthals.
5. [全国Ⅰ，68]Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be
congregating(聚集) around human settlements， leading to the illusion(错觉) that
populations are (high) than they actually are.
6. [全国Ⅲ，63]He screams the (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the
male beats his chest and charges toward me.
smarter
higher
loudest
考向4 数词 [全国卷5年2考]
8. [2023全国甲，62]Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures， and
the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century B. C.
sixth
高考考查数词很少。使用序数词时，空前一般有定冠词the；还要注意固定用法
中的数词，如in his thirties，thousands of等。
特别提醒
高考中出现过一次不给提示词考查副词的情况[2019全国Ⅲ，61考查so(so...that...)]。
一、可数名词
1. 可数名词变复数的规则变化
构成方法 例词
一般在词尾加-s map→maps sea→seas
girl→girls book→books
以-s，-x，-ch，-sh，-
tch结尾的名词后加-es class→classes box→boxes
watch→watches dish→dishes
但如stomach等，词尾-ch的发音为/k/时，要加-s，即
stomachs
构成方法 例词
以-f或-fe 结尾的词 大都变-f或-fe为-v，再加-es leaf→leaves knife→knives
wife→wives wolf→wolves
life→lives thief→thieves
少数直接加-s belief→beliefs chief→chiefs
roof→roofs proof→proofs
构成方法 例词
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名
词，变-y为-i加-es party→parties family→families
story→stories
以元音字母加-y结尾的名
词，加-s toy→toys boy→boys
day→days ray→rays
构成方法 例词
以辅音
字母加-
o结尾的
名词 加-es hero→heroes potato→potatoes
tomato→tomatoes
加-s piano→pianos photo→photos
kilo→kilos
两者皆可 volcano→volcanoes/volcanos
构成方法 例词
以元音字母加-o结尾的名
词加-s radio→radios zoo→zoos
bamboo→bamboos
以-th结尾的名词加-s truth→truths mouth→mouths
month→months
2. 可数名词变复数的不规则变化
构成方法 例词
词尾加-ren或-en child→children
ox→oxen
变更词内元音 man→men
woman→women
foot→feet goose→geese
mouse→mice
单复数同形 sheep deer series means species
构成方法 例词
表示
国籍
的专
有名
词 加-s American→Americans
German→Germans
Greek→Greeks
单复数同形 Chinese Portuguese Japanese
有些词以-man或-woman
结尾，分别改为-men或-
women Englishman→Englishmen
构成方法 例词
复合
名词 将主体名词变为复数 son-in-law→sons-in-law
looker-on→lookers-onpasser-by→passers-by
无主体名词时，通常在最
后一个词的词尾加-s grown-up→grown-ups
构成方法 例词
外来名词 criterion→criteria 标准
phenomenon→phenomena现象
basis→bases 基础 crisis→crises 危机
analysis→analyses 分析
bacterium→bacteria 细菌
medium→media媒体 datum→data 数据
[2023北京，15]Mangroves can help soften waves and protect (city) from
coastal winds.
[2022新高考Ⅰ，62]The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between
eparate (population) and homes of giant pandas， and eventually achieve
a desired level of population in the wild.
(wolf) are very adaptable： they can live in forests， on open plains，
or in the snows of the Arctic.
cities
populations
Wolves
Looking through the newspaper， I’m shocked by (photo) showing the
destruction caused by the hurricane.
One study showed that (woman) who drank a lot of coffee， like eight or
more cups per day， while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with
birth defects.
photos
women
二、不可数名词
1. 物质名词、抽象名词大多为不可数名词，一般没有复数形式。常见的不可数
名词有：
furniture 家具 equipment 设备 news 新闻
information 信息 advice 建议 progress进步
baggage 行李 luck运气 water 水
word消息 wealth财富 knowledge知识
2. 一些名词通常表示抽象概念，是不可数名词，但被赋予了具体含义之后，可作可
数名词，即抽象名词具体化。
词汇 抽象名词(不可数) 具体化后(可数)
beauty 美，美丽 美人，美好的事物
failure 失败 失败的事物或人
success 成功，胜利 成功的事物或人
honour 尊敬，敬意 引起尊敬的事物或人
pleasure 愉快，快乐 乐事
pity 怜悯，同情 憾事
3. 有些名词作可数名词和不可数名词时含义有所不同。
词汇 不可数名词 可数名词
paper 纸 试卷；报纸；论文
chicken 鸡肉 鸡
work 工作 著作，作品
三、名词所有格
所有格作定语，修饰另一名词，表示所有关系。
1. -’s所有格
主要用于表示有生命的事物或人及人类活动的名词，也可用于表示时间、距
离、数量、城市、国家等无生命事物的名词后。构成规则如下：
构成 示例
单数名词词尾通常加-’s；复数名
词不以-s结尾时，也要加-’s the boy’s schoolbag
people’s awareness
构成 示例
以-s结尾的复数名词后直接
加＂’＂ teachers’ office
a thirty minutes’ ride
以-s结尾的单数名词或专有名词
之后加＂’＂或-’s均可 my boss’s/boss’ plan
James’/James’s eyes
复合名词一般在最后一个词的词
尾加-’s my brother-in-law’s birthday
[2021浙江1月，58]It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kg
by their height in meters squared， and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
Proper arrangements should be made so that students can have a good rest after a
whole (morning) hard work.
The (boy) shoes were covered with mud， so I asked them to take their
shoes off before they got into (Tom) car.
person’s
morning’s
boys’
Tom’s
2. 名词所有格的特殊用法
①用于表示店铺、诊所、住宅及公共建筑等的名词时，所有格之后的shop， office，
house等常省去。如：
at the barber’s (shop) 在理发店
at Mr. Green’s (house)在格林先生家
②如果两个名词并列，且分别加’s，则表示＂分别有……＂；若只有后一个名词
加’s，则表示两个＂共有＂。如：
Lily’s and Mary’s teachers 莉莉和玛丽各自的老师
Lily and Mary’s teacher 莉莉和玛丽共同的老师
四、名词的词形转换
动词/形容词可加后缀变为名词，名词也可加后缀变为另一个名词。常见的名词
后缀如下：
[2023 全国甲，69]However， Carson’s theme is a more
weighty (warn) about environmental destruction.
[2020新高考Ⅱ，58]Also， technological know-how has become
a (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world， as the
computer has become a common tool in most professions.
The study surveyed 500 families and found that the main psychological problems
people suffered were (lonely) and (anxious).
[2022全国甲，65]Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road， in order to
promote environmental (protect).
warning
requirement
loneliness
anxiety
protection
1. We always kept bamboo chopsticks along with our (knife)， forks and
spoons， ready for whenever we happened to have Chinese food for dinner.
2. His courage and (persist) with his brilliance and humor inspired people
across the world.
3. To better tell the story， Yu Rong drew inspiration from her several (visit) to
sites of ancient battles and Henan opera.
4. In 1990， about 750 million people in this country lived in
extreme (poor)； today fewer than 10 million do.
knives
persistence
visits
poverty
5. People who are far-sighted have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an
arm’s (long).
6. (curious) is part of children’s nature. They always insist on getting to the
bottom of everything.
7. I trust the historian completely. His (describe) of these events
corresponds to other accounts written at the time.
8. Some restaurants in Guangzhou stimulate (customer) appetite with
many different offerings.
length
Curiosity
description
customers’
考点二 形容词和副词
一、形容词及副词的基本用法及转换
1. 形容词的基本用法
用法 示例
形容词作定语，修饰名词 a white dog
形容词在系动词之后，作表语 I am afraid I can’t go with you.
形容词作宾补 The smell of flowers makes me relaxed.
形容词作状语，表示状态，逻辑主
语为句子主语 Surprised and happy， Tony stood up and
accepted the prize.
[2023新高考Ⅰ，56]Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)， those amazing constructions
of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot， (taste) soup and sweet， fresh
meat， are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
[2022新高考Ⅱ，58]On the day of the accident， Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric
was at home with his father. They both fell (sleep) while watching TV.
From news articles and recipes to yoga classes， you can find almost everything on
the Internet. Many people find this way of life more (convenience).
After the long voyage， they arrived home， (hunger) and thirsty.
tasty
asleep
convenient
hungry
2. 形容词＋-ly变副词的规则
情况 变化规则 例词
一般情况 在词尾加-ly kind→kindly
immediate→immediately
以-y结尾的双音节、多音节
形容词 把-y改为-i，再加
-ly angry→angrily
easy→easily
以-y结尾的单音节形容词 在词尾加-ly shy→shyly dry→dryly
情况 变化规则 例词
以-le结尾 去-e加-y possible→possibly
simple→simply
comfortable→comfortably (例外：
whole→wholly)
以＂元音字母＋-e＂结尾 去-e加-ly true→truly due→duly
情况 变化规则 例词
以-ic结尾 在词尾加-ally basic→basically
energetic→energetically
(例外：public→publicly)
以-ll结尾 在词尾加-y full→fully dull→dully
3. 副词的基本用法
副词通常作状语，主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者整个句子，表示
时间、地点、程度、方式等。位置比较灵活，但enough作副词修饰形容词或副词
时，需置于形容词或副词之后。
[2022新高考Ⅱ，60]When he looked down， he (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.
[2020全国Ⅰ，62]Landing on the moon’s far side is (extreme)
challenging.
accidentally
extremely
(strange) enough， some famous scientists have the qualities of both
being careful and being careless.
Walking at the pace of 4 mph burns around 300 calories per
hour. (consequent)， power walking， in addition to a healthy diet，
helps manage your weight.
Strangely
Consequently
二、形容词和副词的比较等级
1. 规则变化
规则 例词
单音节词和部分双音节词一般直接加-er
和-est fast→faster→fastest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
以-e结尾的单音节词直接加-r和-st late→later→latest
wide→wider→widest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，
先双写辅音字母，再加-er和-est hot→hotter→hottest
thin→thinner→thinnest
big→bigger→biggest
规则 例词
以＂辅音字母＋-y＂结尾的词，变-y为-i
再加-er和-est happy→happier→happiest
easy→easier→easiest
其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more
和most careful→more careful→most careful
easily→more easily→most easily
2. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good， well better best
bad worse worst
many， much more most
little less least
原级 比较级 最高级
far farther(仅指时间、空间距离) farthest(仅指时间、空间距离)
further(指时间、空间距离或程度) furthest(指时间、空间距离或程度)
old older(指年龄或新旧) oldest(指年龄或新旧)
elder(指年纪较长的) eldest(指年龄最大的)
3. 原级比较
The river is as deep as 10 meters. 这条河深达10米。
A lion is just as dangerous and fierce an animal as a tiger. 狮子是和老虎一样危险且凶残
的动物。
Actually，the building looked as (impression) as it did in photographs.
impressive
4. 比较级
①常见的比较级的修饰语有：much， far， a little/a bit， a lot/a great deal， rather，
even，still等。
[2023浙江1月，62]Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple)
in design and decoration， and the hutongs were narrower.
②比较级的常见结构及意义：
常见结构 意义
A＋be＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B A比B……
A＋be＋less＋形容词/副词＋than＋B A不及B……(表示否定比较)
A＋be＋no＋比较级＋than＋B A和B一样不……
A＋be＋not＋比较级＋than＋B A不及B……(表示否定比较)
simpler
常见结构 意义
比较级＋and＋比较级 越来越……
more and more＋多音节词/部分双音节词原级 the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...) 越……越……
the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词复数 两者中较……的那个
The deeper you dive， the (low)the temperature becomes.
Of the two coats， I’d choose the (cheap) one to spare some money for a
book.
③＂not/never/nothing等否定词＋形容词比较级 (＋than...)＂表示最高级意义。
I have never read a better book than this. (＝This is the best book I have ever read.) 我从
未读过比这本更好的书。
I can think of nothing better than a nice cold beer on a hot summer afternoon.在炎热的夏
日午后，我想不出比一杯可口的冰啤更好的东西了。
lower
cheaper
5. 最高级
①常见的最高级的修饰语有：位于the之前的by far， nearly， almost， by no
means， really， quite等以及位于the与最高级之间的序数词等。
I don’t think this film is by far the most boring.我认为这部电影不是最无聊的。
②最高级的常见结构：
[2020全国Ⅲ，62]One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he
called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work， so that he could
choose the best.
finest
This star is absolutely huge. It’s 100 times (big) than the sun and
thousands of times (bright).
The pool stretches 150 metres， three times the (long) of a standard
Olympic swimming pool.
bigger
brighter
length
三、倍数表达法
四、易混副词辨析：同根副词加-ly和不加-ly
有些副词有两种形式：一种与形容词同形，多表具体意义；另一种是＂形容词
＋-ly＂构成的副词，多表抽象、引申意义。它们有时含义相同或略有不同，有时则
完全不同。常见的这类易出错的副词有：
词汇 含义 例句
close closely 接近地 They live quite close.
密切地；仔细地 The two events are closely connected.
词汇 含义 例句
hard hardly 努力地 He worked hard to succeed.
几乎不 He hardly ever goes to bed before midnight.
late lately 晚，迟 I stayed up late last night.
最近，不久前 It’s only lately that she’s been well enough to go out.
most mostly 最；极其，非常 It was most kind of you to meet me.
通常，主要地 We’re mostly out at weekends.
词汇 含义 例句
wide widely 充分地 The door was wide open.
广泛地 The method is widely used.
deep deeply 在深处 The miners were trapped deep underground.
深刻地； 非常，
极其 Don’t be nervous！ Lie down and breathe deeply.
He loved his younger brother deeply.
词汇 含义 例句
high highly 在高处，高 His desk was piled high with papers.
高标准地；非常；赞赏地 He spoke highly of the novel.
Acupuncture(针灸) and moxibustion(艾灸) have been (wide) practiced in
China for thousands of years.
widely
1. Even today， no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak， they
can all still communicate (easy) in writing.
2. Also， coffee drunk on an empty stomach is not recommended because it can
be (harm) to your body.
3. Therefore， after graduating from university， I decided to achieve something
more (benefit) that would help the wider community.
4. When the Spanish set out to explore the region， they hoped to find land
as (value) as what they had found earlier in Mexico.
easily
harmful
beneficial
valuable
5. On the other hand， plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the
ability to store water in their cells require (frequent) watering.
6. Computers and mobile phones， though indeed making our life (easy) and
more efficient， have reduced the need for face-to-face communication.
7. In Chinese cuisine， tomatoes are (frequent) used as decorations，
adding a refreshing sour-sweet flavor to meaty dishes.
8. [全国Ⅲ，67&68]They also shared with us many (tradition) stories
about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with tourists.
less frequent
easier
frequently
traditional
hugely
考点三 数词
一、基数词
表达＂在某人几十多岁＂时 用＂in one’s＋整十基数词的复数(十除外)＂
表达＂在几十年代＂时 用＂in the＋整十基数词的复数＂
hundred，thousand与million等
前有数词或several时 不能用复数形式，且其后不加of
表示不确切的数目时 应用hundreds/thousands/millions of＋复数名词
Bill Clinton was the US president in the (ninety).
nineties
二、序数词
1. 基数词变序数词的规律
一般由基数词加-th构成 sixth， seventh， tenth， eleventh， hundredth等
以-ty结尾的基数词，先把-
y变为-i，再加-eth twentieth， thirtieth等
不规则变形 first， second， third， fifth， eighth， ninth， twelfth
等
2. 序数词的基本用法
序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词等限定词。序数词前也可加不
定冠词，表示＂又一，再一＂。
[2021新高考Ⅱ，56]In the (seven) grade， I started volunteering at the
Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
seventh
1. Guan Yu，general of the second and the (three) century AD，was an iconic
figure in Chinese history，well-known for his bravery and loyalty.
2. The book is very interesting； I want to read it a (two) time.
3. There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late (eighty).
4. It is reported that the floods have left (thousand) of people homeless.
third
second
eighties
thousands
一、单句语法填空
1. [2024山西大同10月考试]Radiation levels on the surface of Mars are two and a half
times (high) than those on the International Space Station.
2. [2024河北衡水期中]You may have noticed that almost all female figures
in (tradition) Chinese paintings carry a silk fan.
3. [2024安徽合肥一中校考]These small talks can open doors that lead to larger，
more (meaning) conversations.
higher
traditional
meaningful
一
二
4. [2024福建厦门阶段练]Group members would (definite) make every
effort to assist one another and solve problems.
5. [2024广东佛山一中9月月考]Silk is strong， but it isn’t stretchy(有弹性的). If it is
stretched， it doesn’t return to the previous (long).
6. [2024东北师大附中二模]The courses are very popular because they create chances for
students to participate in various (activity).
7. [2024广东深圳期中]Meanwhile， some believe this kind of traveling
is (simple) an expression of youthful impulse.
8. There are various clubs offering students different activities to enrich their school life
and satisfy their (curious).
definitely
length
activities
simply
curiosity
一
二
9. The number of tourists to the beach declined by 10％ last year due to
the (pollute) in the surrounding area.
10. French is actually considered among the (easy) languages for an English
speaker to learn.
pollution
easiest
一
二
11. [2024河南豫北名校联考]Through the event， the world can get closer to China，
and China can (well) carry out cultural exchanges and learning.
12. [2024湖南师大附中月考]The sun， however， was not still， and
it (steady) rose from the horizon， reached the (high) point and
then set to the west.
13. [2024四川绵阳南山中学模考]She realized that one of the
greatest (benefit) of the Internet was its ability to remove
the (distant) that usually exists between people.
better
steadily
highest
benefits
distance
一
二
14. [2024湖北四地9月联考]I was really nervous about English class this year because I
was an eleventh grader taking a (twelve) grade class.
【点拨】 注意twelve的序数词要变-ve为-f，再加-th，类似的还有five→fifth。
twelfth
15. [2024四川眉山10月考试]China has a large number of Chinese (dish)， a
wide range of flavors， and complex cooking methods， which are (two) to
none in the world.
【点拨】 second to none为固定搭配，表示＂首屈一指，无人能比＂。
dishes
second
一
二
16. [2024湖南郴州一模]The Nanimomo Cafe chain has expanded (rapid) since May 2022 and now has quite a few (branch) in operation.
17. [2024广东深圳10月月考]The UN Chinese Language Day is observed
(annual) on April 20， celebrating the language’s (contribute) to the world and encouraging more people to learn it.
rapidly
branches
annually
contribution
一
二
18. [2024山东名校9月联考] (eventual) I was successfully admitted
following several demanding rounds of (profession) tests.
19. The film has raised the audiences’ (aware) and enhanced their love
and (believe) in Chinese culture.
20. Diet has become a way of life and a fashion that promotes (consume)
and drives the (develop) of the country’s catering industry.
Eventually
professional
awareness
belief
consumption
development
一
二
21. [2024江苏南京六校联考]AI has been used to (automatic) identify
and analyze the tracks of snow leopards from 100，000 photos taken every three months
in national parks， increasing the (accurate) of identification to 98 percent
and strengthening the (efficient) of protection measures.
22. [2024四川成都七中校考]The essence of family (connect) is children
feeling that they’re accepted and nurtured at home， which allows them to learn what
their (strong) and weaknesses are in a (relative)safe
environment.
automatically
accuracy
efficiency
connection
strengths
relatively
一
二
23. [2024重庆一中开学考]Crows have long been observed for their various amazing
displays of (intelligent). They are one of the (smart) groups
of animals on earth， with (remark) problem-solving， toolmaking， and
deductive reasoning(演绎推理) skills.
24. [2024福建厦门阶段练]Offering aid to other countries shows that we are global
citizens (interest) in world (stable) and that we are ready to
build a community with a (share) future for mankind.
25. Visitors do not need to line up for tickets because (advance)
technologies such as face (recognize) and other smart platforms have been
adopted.
intelligence
smartest
remarkable
interested
stability
shared
advanced
recognition
一
二
26. By combining (common) used colors such as pink green， brownish
yellow， sapphire and eggplant purple with black， the originally completely different
colors become (harmony).
27. (surprising)， the (compete) has attracted more
than 3，000 (participate) from around the globe and nearly 5，000 short
video entries since the first edition.
28. It seems that people who always stay up are much (likely) to get sick
than those who have a healthy lifestyle， but we will have a (far) discussion
before we draw a final conclusion.
commonly
harmonious
Surprisingly
competition
participants
more likely
further
一
二
29. These oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文)， the (early) form of
Chinese (character) ever found to this day， are a clear (prove)
that the history of the Chinese writing system stretches back about 3，500 years.
30. They took (nine) place in the competition by their paper-cut that they had
made on their own with (knife).
earliest
characters
proof
ninth
knives
一
二
二、语篇语法填空
[2024广东茂名10月考试]The Analects of Confucius is a fine example of world
literature， and the publication of the Maltese version of the ancient Chinese book will
further enhance cultural exchanges between China and Malta， says Salvatore Giuffre，
Maltese sinologist and 1 (translate) of the book. It is the 2 (one) time that the
book has been translated into Maltese.
一
二
Giuffre spent around two years making the book accessible 3 Maltese
readers. ＂I tried to keep my Maltese version as understandable as possible to enable
a 4 (large) circle of readers to benefit from it，＂ Giuffre says. The Maltese version is
complete with an introduction to the life of Confucius， the era he 5 (live) in， his
teachings and the key concepts， terms， names and figures mentioned in the book.
The idea of translating the book came about 6 China’s Shandong Friendship
Publishing House invited Malta’s SKS Publishers to attend a seminar(研讨会) on
Confucius in 2017 in Shandong Province. The event featured 7 (vary) publications of
the book in different languages， and SKS Publishers wanted to enrich the 8 (collect)
with a Maltese version.
一
二
SKS asked Giuffre to translate the book. Giuffre is fluent in Chinese， has visited
China several times and worked as the Maltese director of Confucius Institute at the
University of Malta. The publication was 9 (partial) financed by the Malta Book
Fund， an initiative 10 (launch) by the National Book Council and the China Cultural
Centre in Malta.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了汉学家Salvatore Giuffre将《论语》翻译为马耳
他语，加强了中国和马耳他之间的文化交流。
一
二
1.
[解析] 名词。空前的 sinologist和该空是作者Salvatore Giuffre的两个身份：汉学家
和译者，所以应填translate的名词形式。故填translator。
2.
[解析] 数词。句意： 这是这本书第一次被翻译成马耳他语。该句为固定句型：it is
the first time that sb./sth. has done sth. 故填first。
3.
[解析] 介词。句意：Giuffre花了大约两年的时间让这本书与马耳他读者见面。 sth.
be accessible to sb. 意为＂某物为某人可使用的/可得到的＂。故填to。
translator
first
to
一
二
4.
[解析] 形容词比较级。句意： Giuffre说： ＂我试图让我的马耳他语版本尽可能容
易理解，以便让更多的读者从中受益。＂ 根据句意可知，空处应用形容词的比较级
作定语修饰名词，a larger circle of表示＂更大范围的＂。故填larger。
5.
[解析] 时态。句意： 马耳他语版本包括对孔子的生平、他所生活的时代、他的学
说以及书中提到的关键概念、术语、名字和人物的介绍。分析句子可知，空处在定
语从句中作谓语，与主语he之间是主动关系，结合句意，此处讲述过去的事情，应
用一般过去时。故填lived。
larger
lived
一
二
6.
[解析] 时间状语从句。句意： 2017年， 中国山东友谊出版社邀请马耳他SKS出版
社参加在山东省举行的孔子研讨会，翻译该书的想法由此产生。根据句意可知，空
后的＂China’s Shandong Friendship Publishing House invited Malta’s SKS Publishers to
attend a seminar(研讨会) on Confucius in 2017 in Shandong Province＂是想法产生的时
间，所以用从属连词when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
7.
[解析] 形容词。句意：该活动以不同语种的各种《论语》出版物为特色，SKS出
版社希望用马耳他语版本丰富该系列。空处作定语修饰名词publications，所以用
vary的形容词形式。故填various。
when
various
一
二
8.
[解析] 名词。空处被冠词the限定，且空后无名词作enrich的宾语，所以空处应填名
词。故填collection。
9.
[解析] 副词。句意：这本书的出版得到了马耳他图书基金的部分资助，该基金是
由马耳他国家图书委员会和马耳他中国文化中心发起的。空处作状语修饰动词
financed，所以用partial的副词形式。故填partially。
collection
partially
一
二
10.
[解析] 非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语修饰名词initiative，
launch与其逻辑主语initiative之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词，表示被动。故填
launched。
launched
一
二
第二部分 学透语法
基础词法篇 专题二 名词、
形容词和副词、数词
目 录
Contents
01
高考帮 研透命题
02
语法帮 考点通关
03
练习帮 课时提能
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副
词的比较 等级及其他 数词
其他→名 其他→形/副 2023 新Ⅰ 56.tasty 64.rarely
新
Ⅱ 61.interviews 56.arrival 57.confident 63.Basically
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副
词的比较 等级及其他 数词
2023 甲 69.warning 67.Different 62.sixth
乙 64.wonders 69.remarkable
2022 新Ⅰ 62.populations 63.eventually
新
Ⅱ 64.son’s 58.asleep 60.accidentally
甲 65.protection 66.meaningful 68.highest
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副词的比较等级及其他 数词
2022 乙 65.responsibility 64.largest
浙
江 58.photographer 64.independence 60.existing 61.sighted
2021 新Ⅰ 57.humans 58.undoubtedly 60.astonished 59.hotter(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副
词的比较 等级及其他 数词
2021 新Ⅱ 64.representative 61.harmful 62.excited 56.seventh
甲 69.watchtowers 70.daily 65.better
乙 69.Activities 62.development 61.educated 68.financial
浙江 58.marriage 59.smaller
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副
词的比较 等级及其他 数词
2020 新Ⅰ 64.accuracy 56.wealthy
新Ⅱ 59.professions 58.requirement 57.educational
Ⅰ 64.interest(interesting) 62.extremely 69.much(how much)
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副词
的比较等级及
其他 数词
2020 Ⅱ 61.celebration 66.Certainly 69.beautiful
Ⅲ 64.curiosity 68.gently 62.finest
浙
江 62.seasons
卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副词
的比较等级及
其他 数词
2019 Ⅰ 66.belief 62.poorly 68.higher
Ⅱ 63.finally 70.wonderful
Ⅲ petition 67.traditional 68.hugely 61.so(so...that...)
浙
江 64.connection(s) 60.easily 65.traditional
考向1 名词的数和格 [全国卷5年8考]
1. [2023新高考Ⅱ，61]They also need to be ready to give (interview) in
English with international journalists.
2. [2022新高考Ⅱ，64]＂He saved my (son) life，＂ said Mrs. Brown.
interviews
son’s
1. 考查名词的数时，通常根据名词是否可数以及空前的修饰词判断；
2. 高考对名词所有格的考查相对较少，需判断空处与空后名词是否为所属
关系。
1. [2023 全国乙，64]But for all its ancient buildings， Beijing is also a place that/which
welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life， with 21st-century
architectural (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the
past.
2. [2023 浙江1月，64]Thanks to Beijing’s long history as the capital of China， almost
every hutong has its stories， and some are even associated with
historic (event) .
wonders
events
3. [2021新高考Ⅰ，57]The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind
you how tiny we (human) are.
4. [2021全国甲，69]Supposedly you can do it in two hours， but we stopped at the
different gates and (watchtower) to take pictures...
5. [2021全国乙，69] (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking
(远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
6. [2021北京，11]Why do we dream？ Scientists aren’t completely sure， and they have
diverse (idea).
humans
watchtowers
Activities
ideas
7. [2020浙江，62]Later， they learned to work with the (season)， planting
at the right time and， in dry areas， making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their
fields.
8. [2020北京，7]Now， lots of (country) and regions are taking action to
ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
seasons
countries
考向2 词形转换 [全国卷5年41考]
3. [2023新高考Ⅱ，56]Since June 2017， right before the (arrive) of the two
new pandas， Meng Meng and Jiao Qing， I have been helping the panda keepers at the
zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
4. [2023浙江1月，57]The term ＂hutong＂， (original) meaning ＂water
well＂ in Mongolian， appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
5. [2023浙江1月，61]The hutongs they formed were orderly， lined
by (space) homes and walled gardens.
arrival
originally
spacious
高考以词形转换的形式来考查名词、形容词和副词最为常见，做题时要注意分
析空处在句中所作成分。常考形式有＂a/an＋adj.＋n.＂＂the ＋n.＋ of＂等；空处修
饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子时，用副词。
一、其他→名词
(一)动词→名词
1. [2022浙江，58]John Olson， a former (photograph)， and his team
turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
2. [2022浙江1月，64]When the answer was no， she declined the (invite).
3. [2021新高考Ⅱ，64]A company (represent) wrote back and told me
the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1，200 daily flights.
photographer
invitation
representative
4. [2020全国Ⅱ，61]Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of
the winter season and the beginning of spring.
5. [全国Ⅰ，66]In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in
bear sightings around human settlements， leading to a (believe) that
populations are increasing.
6. [全国Ⅲ，66]When they were free from work， they invited us to local events and let
us know of an interesting (compete) to watch， together with the story
behind it.
7. [浙江高考，64]Other American studies showed no (connect)
between uniforms and school performance.
8. [浙江高考，64]Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase
in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.
celebration
belief
competition
connection(s)
weight
(二)形容词→名词
9. [2022浙江，64]＂I can actually feel what you see when you look at it，＂ he said. For
Luc， this means (independent).
10. [2020新高考Ⅰ，64]At the Jorvik Centre in York，the city’s Viking settlement is
recreated，and people experience the sights，sounds and smells of the old town.
Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
11. [2020全国Ⅲ，64]Filled with (curious)， the artist packed his bags and
left.
independence
accuracy
curiosity
(三)名词→名词
12. [全国Ⅲ，66]My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a (science)who studies
animals such as apes and monkeys.
scientist
二、其他→形容词/副词
(一)名词/动词→形容词
13. [2023新高考Ⅱ，57]Since June 2017...I have been helping the panda keepers at the
zoo to feel more comfortable and (confidence) speaking English.
confident
14. [2023 全国乙，69]The (remark) development of this city， which is
consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world， means
there is always something new to discover here， and I could be photographing Beijing
for the next 50 years.
15. [2023全国甲，67] (difference) from traditional fables， Carson’s story
ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
16. [2022全国甲，66]Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even
more (meaning).
remarkable
Different
meaningful
17. [2022浙江，60 & 61]Blind people recognize shapes with their (exist)
senses， in a way similar to that of (sight) people， says Ella Striem-Amit，
a Harvard scientist.
18. [2021全国乙，61]Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to
undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to
become (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical
conditions and cultural characteristics...
19. [2021全国乙，68]Provide (finance) aid and other benefits for local
peoples.
existing
sighted
educated
financial
20. [2021新高考Ⅰ，60]Strange， isn’t it？ But that’s how nature is — always leaving
us (astonish).
21. [2021新高考Ⅱ，61]I told him how (harm) plastic could be to the
environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
22. [2021新高考Ⅱ，62]I was so (excite) when he wrote back to me.
23. [2020新高考Ⅰ，56]In the 18th and 19th centuries， (wealth) people
travelled and collected plants，historical objects and worksofart.
24. [2020新高考Ⅱ，57]At the same time， computer games are becoming increasingly
popular as major publishing houses continue to develop (education)
computer programs for children in preschool.
astonished
harmful
excited
wealthy
educational
25. [2020全国Ⅱ，69]The (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored
buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
26. [全国Ⅱ，70]We are so proud of her. It’s (wonder).
27. [浙江高考，65]School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain， but some
schools are starting to get rid of them.
28. [全国Ⅰ，69]Running is cheap， easy and it’s always (energy).
29. [全国Ⅱ，67]According to the World Bank， China accounts for about 30 percent of
total (globe) fertilizer consumption.
beautiful
wonderful
traditional
energetic
global
(二)形容词→副词
30. [2023新高考Ⅰ，64]No matter where I buy them， though， one steamer basket
is (rare) enough， yet two seems greedy， and so I am always left wanting
more next time.
31. [2023新高考Ⅱ，63]So， what are they learning？ (basic)， how to
describe a panda’s life.
32. [2023北京，12]I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland， I threw a house-
warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up (exact)
on time.
rarely
Basically
exactly
33. [2021新高考Ⅰ，58]The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must
try after the climb. It will (undoubted) help you get refreshed！
34. [2021北京，16]Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she
could (safe) wait for the police to take her home.
35. [2020全国Ⅱ，66]Chinese love their ＂Lucky Bamboo＂ plants and you will see them
often in their homes and offices. (certain) during the holiday period， this
plant is a must.
36. [2020全国Ⅲ，68]As the small boat moved (gentle) along the river he was
left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
undoubtedly
safely
Certainly
gently
37. [全国Ⅰ，62]It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of
the range has been (poor) studied； however， biologists calculate that there
are about 20，000-25，000 polar bears worldwide.
38. [全国Ⅱ，63]Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowledged after
a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
39. [浙江高考，60]When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark
mornings， car drivers can (easy) see them.
poorly
finally
easily
考向3 形容词和副词的比较等级 [全国卷5年6考]
6. [2022全国乙，64]As a main promoter of the International Tea Day， the birthplace of
tea and the (large) tea-producing country， China has a responsibility to work
with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
7. [2021新高考Ⅰ，59]The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the
temperature gets， the (hot) the spring！
largest
hotter
高考考查形容词和副词的比较等级时，通常需要借助标志词(than，of all等)、
空前修饰词或一些固定句式来判定设空处用比较级还是最高级。有时则需要通过推
测语境中暗含的比较含义来进行判定。
1. [2022全国甲，68]In the last five years， Cao has walked through 34 countries in six
continents， and in 2016， he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，
Africa’s (high) mountain.
2. [2022北京，19]That’s a big problem and it is getting even (bad).
3. [2021全国甲，65]After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at
the wall， we decided it was time for some action and what (good) than to ride
on a piece of history！
highest
worse
better
4. [2020北京，10]They were much stronger than modern humans， but it’s long been
assumed that human ancestors were (smart) than the Neanderthals.
5. [全国Ⅰ，68]Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be
congregating(聚集) around human settlements， leading to the illusion(错觉) that
populations are (high) than they actually are.
6. [全国Ⅲ，63]He screams the (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the
male beats his chest and charges toward me.
smarter
higher
loudest
考向4 数词 [全国卷5年2考]
8. [2023全国甲，62]Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures， and
the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century B. C.
sixth
高考考查数词很少。使用序数词时，空前一般有定冠词the；还要注意固定用法
中的数词，如in his thirties，thousands of等。
特别提醒
高考中出现过一次不给提示词考查副词的情况[2019全国Ⅲ，61考查so(so...that...)]。
一、可数名词
1. 可数名词变复数的规则变化
构成方法 例词
一般在词尾加-s map→maps sea→seas
girl→girls book→books
以-s，-x，-ch，-sh，-
tch结尾的名词后加-es class→classes box→boxes
watch→watches dish→dishes
但如stomach等，词尾-ch的发音为/k/时，要加-s，即
stomachs
构成方法 例词
以-f或-fe 结尾的词 大都变-f或-fe为-v，再加-es leaf→leaves knife→knives
wife→wives wolf→wolves
life→lives thief→thieves
少数直接加-s belief→beliefs chief→chiefs
roof→roofs proof→proofs
构成方法 例词
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名
词，变-y为-i加-es party→parties family→families
story→stories
以元音字母加-y结尾的名
词，加-s toy→toys boy→boys
day→days ray→rays
构成方法 例词
以辅音
字母加-
o结尾的
名词 加-es hero→heroes potato→potatoes
tomato→tomatoes
加-s piano→pianos photo→photos
kilo→kilos
两者皆可 volcano→volcanoes/volcanos
构成方法 例词
以元音字母加-o结尾的名
词加-s radio→radios zoo→zoos
bamboo→bamboos
以-th结尾的名词加-s truth→truths mouth→mouths
month→months
2. 可数名词变复数的不规则变化
构成方法 例词
词尾加-ren或-en child→children
ox→oxen
变更词内元音 man→men
woman→women
foot→feet goose→geese
mouse→mice
单复数同形 sheep deer series means species
构成方法 例词
表示
国籍
的专
有名
词 加-s American→Americans
German→Germans
Greek→Greeks
单复数同形 Chinese Portuguese Japanese
有些词以-man或-woman
结尾，分别改为-men或-
women Englishman→Englishmen
构成方法 例词
复合
名词 将主体名词变为复数 son-in-law→sons-in-law
looker-on→lookers-onpasser-by→passers-by
无主体名词时，通常在最
后一个词的词尾加-s grown-up→grown-ups
构成方法 例词
外来名词 criterion→criteria 标准
phenomenon→phenomena现象
basis→bases 基础 crisis→crises 危机
analysis→analyses 分析
bacterium→bacteria 细菌
medium→media媒体 datum→data 数据
[2023北京，15]Mangroves can help soften waves and protect (city) from
coastal winds.
[2022新高考Ⅰ，62]The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between
eparate (population) and homes of giant pandas， and eventually achieve
a desired level of population in the wild.
(wolf) are very adaptable： they can live in forests， on open plains，
or in the snows of the Arctic.
cities
populations
Wolves
Looking through the newspaper， I’m shocked by (photo) showing the
destruction caused by the hurricane.
One study showed that (woman) who drank a lot of coffee， like eight or
more cups per day， while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with
birth defects.
photos
women
二、不可数名词
1. 物质名词、抽象名词大多为不可数名词，一般没有复数形式。常见的不可数
名词有：
furniture 家具 equipment 设备 news 新闻
information 信息 advice 建议 progress进步
baggage 行李 luck运气 water 水
word消息 wealth财富 knowledge知识
2. 一些名词通常表示抽象概念，是不可数名词，但被赋予了具体含义之后，可作可
数名词，即抽象名词具体化。
词汇 抽象名词(不可数) 具体化后(可数)
beauty 美，美丽 美人，美好的事物
failure 失败 失败的事物或人
success 成功，胜利 成功的事物或人
honour 尊敬，敬意 引起尊敬的事物或人
pleasure 愉快，快乐 乐事
pity 怜悯，同情 憾事
3. 有些名词作可数名词和不可数名词时含义有所不同。
词汇 不可数名词 可数名词
paper 纸 试卷；报纸；论文
chicken 鸡肉 鸡
work 工作 著作，作品
三、名词所有格
所有格作定语，修饰另一名词，表示所有关系。
1. -’s所有格
主要用于表示有生命的事物或人及人类活动的名词，也可用于表示时间、距
离、数量、城市、国家等无生命事物的名词后。构成规则如下：
构成 示例
单数名词词尾通常加-’s；复数名
词不以-s结尾时，也要加-’s the boy’s schoolbag
people’s awareness
构成 示例
以-s结尾的复数名词后直接
加＂’＂ teachers’ office
a thirty minutes’ ride
以-s结尾的单数名词或专有名词
之后加＂’＂或-’s均可 my boss’s/boss’ plan
James’/James’s eyes
复合名词一般在最后一个词的词
尾加-’s my brother-in-law’s birthday
[2021浙江1月，58]It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kg
by their height in meters squared， and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
Proper arrangements should be made so that students can have a good rest after a
whole (morning) hard work.
The (boy) shoes were covered with mud， so I asked them to take their
shoes off before they got into (Tom) car.
person’s
morning’s
boys’
Tom’s
2. 名词所有格的特殊用法
①用于表示店铺、诊所、住宅及公共建筑等的名词时，所有格之后的shop， office，
house等常省去。如：
at the barber’s (shop) 在理发店
at Mr. Green’s (house)在格林先生家
②如果两个名词并列，且分别加’s，则表示＂分别有……＂；若只有后一个名词
加’s，则表示两个＂共有＂。如：
Lily’s and Mary’s teachers 莉莉和玛丽各自的老师
Lily and Mary’s teacher 莉莉和玛丽共同的老师
四、名词的词形转换
动词/形容词可加后缀变为名词，名词也可加后缀变为另一个名词。常见的名词
后缀如下：
[2023 全国甲，69]However， Carson’s theme is a more
weighty (warn) about environmental destruction.
[2020新高考Ⅱ，58]Also， technological know-how has become
a (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world， as the
computer has become a common tool in most professions.
The study surveyed 500 families and found that the main psychological problems
people suffered were (lonely) and (anxious).
[2022全国甲，65]Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road， in order to
promote environmental (protect).
warning
requirement
loneliness
anxiety
protection
1. We always kept bamboo chopsticks along with our (knife)， forks and
spoons， ready for whenever we happened to have Chinese food for dinner.
2. His courage and (persist) with his brilliance and humor inspired people
across the world.
3. To better tell the story， Yu Rong drew inspiration from her several (visit) to
sites of ancient battles and Henan opera.
4. In 1990， about 750 million people in this country lived in
extreme (poor)； today fewer than 10 million do.
knives
persistence
visits
poverty
5. People who are far-sighted have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an
arm’s (long).
6. (curious) is part of children’s nature. They always insist on getting to the
bottom of everything.
7. I trust the historian completely. His (describe) of these events
corresponds to other accounts written at the time.
8. Some restaurants in Guangzhou stimulate (customer) appetite with
many different offerings.
length
Curiosity
description
customers’
考点二 形容词和副词
一、形容词及副词的基本用法及转换
1. 形容词的基本用法
用法 示例
形容词作定语，修饰名词 a white dog
形容词在系动词之后，作表语 I am afraid I can’t go with you.
形容词作宾补 The smell of flowers makes me relaxed.
形容词作状语，表示状态，逻辑主
语为句子主语 Surprised and happy， Tony stood up and
accepted the prize.
[2023新高考Ⅰ，56]Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)， those amazing constructions
of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot， (taste) soup and sweet， fresh
meat， are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
[2022新高考Ⅱ，58]On the day of the accident， Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric
was at home with his father. They both fell (sleep) while watching TV.
From news articles and recipes to yoga classes， you can find almost everything on
the Internet. Many people find this way of life more (convenience).
After the long voyage， they arrived home， (hunger) and thirsty.
tasty
asleep
convenient
hungry
2. 形容词＋-ly变副词的规则
情况 变化规则 例词
一般情况 在词尾加-ly kind→kindly
immediate→immediately
以-y结尾的双音节、多音节
形容词 把-y改为-i，再加
-ly angry→angrily
easy→easily
以-y结尾的单音节形容词 在词尾加-ly shy→shyly dry→dryly
情况 变化规则 例词
以-le结尾 去-e加-y possible→possibly
simple→simply
comfortable→comfortably (例外：
whole→wholly)
以＂元音字母＋-e＂结尾 去-e加-ly true→truly due→duly
情况 变化规则 例词
以-ic结尾 在词尾加-ally basic→basically
energetic→energetically
(例外：public→publicly)
以-ll结尾 在词尾加-y full→fully dull→dully
3. 副词的基本用法
副词通常作状语，主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者整个句子，表示
时间、地点、程度、方式等。位置比较灵活，但enough作副词修饰形容词或副词
时，需置于形容词或副词之后。
[2022新高考Ⅱ，60]When he looked down， he (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.
[2020全国Ⅰ，62]Landing on the moon’s far side is (extreme)
challenging.
accidentally
extremely
(strange) enough， some famous scientists have the qualities of both
being careful and being careless.
Walking at the pace of 4 mph burns around 300 calories per
hour. (consequent)， power walking， in addition to a healthy diet，
helps manage your weight.
Strangely
Consequently
二、形容词和副词的比较等级
1. 规则变化
规则 例词
单音节词和部分双音节词一般直接加-er
和-est fast→faster→fastest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
以-e结尾的单音节词直接加-r和-st late→later→latest
wide→wider→widest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，
先双写辅音字母，再加-er和-est hot→hotter→hottest
thin→thinner→thinnest
big→bigger→biggest
规则 例词
以＂辅音字母＋-y＂结尾的词，变-y为-i
再加-er和-est happy→happier→happiest
easy→easier→easiest
其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more
和most careful→more careful→most careful
easily→more easily→most easily
2. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good， well better best
bad worse worst
many， much more most
little less least
原级 比较级 最高级
far farther(仅指时间、空间距离) farthest(仅指时间、空间距离)
further(指时间、空间距离或程度) furthest(指时间、空间距离或程度)
old older(指年龄或新旧) oldest(指年龄或新旧)
elder(指年纪较长的) eldest(指年龄最大的)
3. 原级比较
The river is as deep as 10 meters. 这条河深达10米。
A lion is just as dangerous and fierce an animal as a tiger. 狮子是和老虎一样危险且凶残
的动物。
Actually，the building looked as (impression) as it did in photographs.
impressive
4. 比较级
①常见的比较级的修饰语有：much， far， a little/a bit， a lot/a great deal， rather，
even，still等。
[2023浙江1月，62]Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple)
in design and decoration， and the hutongs were narrower.
②比较级的常见结构及意义：
常见结构 意义
A＋be＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B A比B……
A＋be＋less＋形容词/副词＋than＋B A不及B……(表示否定比较)
A＋be＋no＋比较级＋than＋B A和B一样不……
A＋be＋not＋比较级＋than＋B A不及B……(表示否定比较)
simpler
常见结构 意义
比较级＋and＋比较级 越来越……
more and more＋多音节词/部分双音节词原级 the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...) 越……越……
the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词复数 两者中较……的那个
The deeper you dive， the (low)the temperature becomes.
Of the two coats， I’d choose the (cheap) one to spare some money for a
book.
③＂not/never/nothing等否定词＋形容词比较级 (＋than...)＂表示最高级意义。
I have never read a better book than this. (＝This is the best book I have ever read.) 我从
未读过比这本更好的书。
I can think of nothing better than a nice cold beer on a hot summer afternoon.在炎热的夏
日午后，我想不出比一杯可口的冰啤更好的东西了。
lower
cheaper
5. 最高级
①常见的最高级的修饰语有：位于the之前的by far， nearly， almost， by no
means， really， quite等以及位于the与最高级之间的序数词等。
I don’t think this film is by far the most boring.我认为这部电影不是最无聊的。
②最高级的常见结构：
[2020全国Ⅲ，62]One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he
called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work， so that he could
choose the best.
finest
This star is absolutely huge. It’s 100 times (big) than the sun and
thousands of times (bright).
The pool stretches 150 metres， three times the (long) of a standard
Olympic swimming pool.
bigger
brighter
length
三、倍数表达法
四、易混副词辨析：同根副词加-ly和不加-ly
有些副词有两种形式：一种与形容词同形，多表具体意义；另一种是＂形容词
＋-ly＂构成的副词，多表抽象、引申意义。它们有时含义相同或略有不同，有时则
完全不同。常见的这类易出错的副词有：
词汇 含义 例句
close closely 接近地 They live quite close.
密切地；仔细地 The two events are closely connected.
词汇 含义 例句
hard hardly 努力地 He worked hard to succeed.
几乎不 He hardly ever goes to bed before midnight.
late lately 晚，迟 I stayed up late last night.
最近，不久前 It’s only lately that she’s been well enough to go out.
most mostly 最；极其，非常 It was most kind of you to meet me.
通常，主要地 We’re mostly out at weekends.
词汇 含义 例句
wide widely 充分地 The door was wide open.
广泛地 The method is widely used.
deep deeply 在深处 The miners were trapped deep underground.
深刻地； 非常，
极其 Don’t be nervous！ Lie down and breathe deeply.
He loved his younger brother deeply.
词汇 含义 例句
high highly 在高处，高 His desk was piled high with papers.
高标准地；非常；赞赏地 He spoke highly of the novel.
Acupuncture(针灸) and moxibustion(艾灸) have been (wide) practiced in
China for thousands of years.
widely
1. Even today， no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak， they
can all still communicate (easy) in writing.
2. Also， coffee drunk on an empty stomach is not recommended because it can
be (harm) to your body.
3. Therefore， after graduating from university， I decided to achieve something
more (benefit) that would help the wider community.
4. When the Spanish set out to explore the region， they hoped to find land
as (value) as what they had found earlier in Mexico.
easily
harmful
beneficial
valuable
5. On the other hand， plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the
ability to store water in their cells require (frequent) watering.
6. Computers and mobile phones， though indeed making our life (easy) and
more efficient， have reduced the need for face-to-face communication.
7. In Chinese cuisine， tomatoes are (frequent) used as decorations，
adding a refreshing sour-sweet flavor to meaty dishes.
8. [全国Ⅲ，67&68]They also shared with us many (tradition) stories
about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with tourists.
less frequent
easier
frequently
traditional
hugely
考点三 数词
一、基数词
表达＂在某人几十多岁＂时 用＂in one’s＋整十基数词的复数(十除外)＂
表达＂在几十年代＂时 用＂in the＋整十基数词的复数＂
hundred，thousand与million等
前有数词或several时 不能用复数形式，且其后不加of
表示不确切的数目时 应用hundreds/thousands/millions of＋复数名词
Bill Clinton was the US president in the (ninety).
nineties
二、序数词
1. 基数词变序数词的规律
一般由基数词加-th构成 sixth， seventh， tenth， eleventh， hundredth等
以-ty结尾的基数词，先把-
y变为-i，再加-eth twentieth， thirtieth等
不规则变形 first， second， third， fifth， eighth， ninth， twelfth
等
2. 序数词的基本用法
序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词等限定词。序数词前也可加不
定冠词，表示＂又一，再一＂。
[2021新高考Ⅱ，56]In the (seven) grade， I started volunteering at the
Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
seventh
1. Guan Yu，general of the second and the (three) century AD，was an iconic
figure in Chinese history，well-known for his bravery and loyalty.
2. The book is very interesting； I want to read it a (two) time.
3. There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late (eighty).
4. It is reported that the floods have left (thousand) of people homeless.
third
second
eighties
thousands
一、单句语法填空
1. [2024山西大同10月考试]Radiation levels on the surface of Mars are two and a half
times (high) than those on the International Space Station.
2. [2024河北衡水期中]You may have noticed that almost all female figures
in (tradition) Chinese paintings carry a silk fan.
3. [2024安徽合肥一中校考]These small talks can open doors that lead to larger，
more (meaning) conversations.
higher
traditional
meaningful
一
二
4. [2024福建厦门阶段练]Group members would (definite) make every
effort to assist one another and solve problems.
5. [2024广东佛山一中9月月考]Silk is strong， but it isn’t stretchy(有弹性的). If it is
stretched， it doesn’t return to the previous (long).
6. [2024东北师大附中二模]The courses are very popular because they create chances for
students to participate in various (activity).
7. [2024广东深圳期中]Meanwhile， some believe this kind of traveling
is (simple) an expression of youthful impulse.
8. There are various clubs offering students different activities to enrich their school life
and satisfy their (curious).
definitely
length
activities
simply
curiosity
一
二
9. The number of tourists to the beach declined by 10％ last year due to
the (pollute) in the surrounding area.
10. French is actually considered among the (easy) languages for an English
speaker to learn.
pollution
easiest
一
二
11. [2024河南豫北名校联考]Through the event， the world can get closer to China，
and China can (well) carry out cultural exchanges and learning.
12. [2024湖南师大附中月考]The sun， however， was not still， and
it (steady) rose from the horizon， reached the (high) point and
then set to the west.
13. [2024四川绵阳南山中学模考]She realized that one of the
greatest (benefit) of the Internet was its ability to remove
the (distant) that usually exists between people.
better
steadily
highest
benefits
distance
一
二
14. [2024湖北四地9月联考]I was really nervous about English class this year because I
was an eleventh grader taking a (twelve) grade class.
【点拨】 注意twelve的序数词要变-ve为-f，再加-th，类似的还有five→fifth。
twelfth
15. [2024四川眉山10月考试]China has a large number of Chinese (dish)， a
wide range of flavors， and complex cooking methods， which are (two) to
none in the world.
【点拨】 second to none为固定搭配，表示＂首屈一指，无人能比＂。
dishes
second
一
二
16. [2024湖南郴州一模]The Nanimomo Cafe chain has expanded (rapid) since May 2022 and now has quite a few (branch) in operation.
17. [2024广东深圳10月月考]The UN Chinese Language Day is observed
(annual) on April 20， celebrating the language’s (contribute) to the world and encouraging more people to learn it.
rapidly
branches
annually
contribution
一
二
18. [2024山东名校9月联考] (eventual) I was successfully admitted
following several demanding rounds of (profession) tests.
19. The film has raised the audiences’ (aware) and enhanced their love
and (believe) in Chinese culture.
20. Diet has become a way of life and a fashion that promotes (consume)
and drives the (develop) of the country’s catering industry.
Eventually
professional
awareness
belief
consumption
development
一
二
21. [2024江苏南京六校联考]AI has been used to (automatic) identify
and analyze the tracks of snow leopards from 100，000 photos taken every three months
in national parks， increasing the (accurate) of identification to 98 percent
and strengthening the (efficient) of protection measures.
22. [2024四川成都七中校考]The essence of family (connect) is children
feeling that they’re accepted and nurtured at home， which allows them to learn what
their (strong) and weaknesses are in a (relative)safe
environment.
automatically
accuracy
efficiency
connection
strengths
relatively
一
二
23. [2024重庆一中开学考]Crows have long been observed for their various amazing
displays of (intelligent). They are one of the (smart) groups
of animals on earth， with (remark) problem-solving， toolmaking， and
deductive reasoning(演绎推理) skills.
24. [2024福建厦门阶段练]Offering aid to other countries shows that we are global
citizens (interest) in world (stable) and that we are ready to
build a community with a (share) future for mankind.
25. Visitors do not need to line up for tickets because (advance)
technologies such as face (recognize) and other smart platforms have been
adopted.
intelligence
smartest
remarkable
interested
stability
shared
advanced
recognition
一
二
26. By combining (common) used colors such as pink green， brownish
yellow， sapphire and eggplant purple with black， the originally completely different
colors become (harmony).
27. (surprising)， the (compete) has attracted more
than 3，000 (participate) from around the globe and nearly 5，000 short
video entries since the first edition.
28. It seems that people who always stay up are much (likely) to get sick
than those who have a healthy lifestyle， but we will have a (far) discussion
before we draw a final conclusion.
commonly
harmonious
Surprisingly
competition
participants
more likely
further
一
二
29. These oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文)， the (early) form of
Chinese (character) ever found to this day， are a clear (prove)
that the history of the Chinese writing system stretches back about 3，500 years.
30. They took (nine) place in the competition by their paper-cut that they had
made on their own with (knife).
earliest
characters
proof
ninth
knives
一
二
二、语篇语法填空
[2024广东茂名10月考试]The Analects of Confucius is a fine example of world
literature， and the publication of the Maltese version of the ancient Chinese book will
further enhance cultural exchanges between China and Malta， says Salvatore Giuffre，
Maltese sinologist and 1 (translate) of the book. It is the 2 (one) time that the
book has been translated into Maltese.
一
二
Giuffre spent around two years making the book accessible 3 Maltese
readers. ＂I tried to keep my Maltese version as understandable as possible to enable
a 4 (large) circle of readers to benefit from it，＂ Giuffre says. The Maltese version is
complete with an introduction to the life of Confucius， the era he 5 (live) in， his
teachings and the key concepts， terms， names and figures mentioned in the book.
The idea of translating the book came about 6 China’s Shandong Friendship
Publishing House invited Malta’s SKS Publishers to attend a seminar(研讨会) on
Confucius in 2017 in Shandong Province. The event featured 7 (vary) publications of
the book in different languages， and SKS Publishers wanted to enrich the 8 (collect)
with a Maltese version.
一
二
SKS asked Giuffre to translate the book. Giuffre is fluent in Chinese， has visited
China several times and worked as the Maltese director of Confucius Institute at the
University of Malta. The publication was 9 (partial) financed by the Malta Book
Fund， an initiative 10 (launch) by the National Book Council and the China Cultural
Centre in Malta.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了汉学家Salvatore Giuffre将《论语》翻译为马耳
他语，加强了中国和马耳他之间的文化交流。
一
二
1.
[解析] 名词。空前的 sinologist和该空是作者Salvatore Giuffre的两个身份：汉学家
和译者，所以应填translate的名词形式。故填translator。
2.
[解析] 数词。句意： 这是这本书第一次被翻译成马耳他语。该句为固定句型：it is
the first time that sb./sth. has done sth. 故填first。
3.
[解析] 介词。句意：Giuffre花了大约两年的时间让这本书与马耳他读者见面。 sth.
be accessible to sb. 意为＂某物为某人可使用的/可得到的＂。故填to。
translator
first
to
一
二
4.
[解析] 形容词比较级。句意： Giuffre说： ＂我试图让我的马耳他语版本尽可能容
易理解，以便让更多的读者从中受益。＂ 根据句意可知，空处应用形容词的比较级
作定语修饰名词，a larger circle of表示＂更大范围的＂。故填larger。
5.
[解析] 时态。句意： 马耳他语版本包括对孔子的生平、他所生活的时代、他的学
说以及书中提到的关键概念、术语、名字和人物的介绍。分析句子可知，空处在定
语从句中作谓语，与主语he之间是主动关系，结合句意，此处讲述过去的事情，应
用一般过去时。故填lived。
larger
lived
一
二
6.
[解析] 时间状语从句。句意： 2017年， 中国山东友谊出版社邀请马耳他SKS出版
社参加在山东省举行的孔子研讨会，翻译该书的想法由此产生。根据句意可知，空
后的＂China’s Shandong Friendship Publishing House invited Malta’s SKS Publishers to
attend a seminar(研讨会) on Confucius in 2017 in Shandong Province＂是想法产生的时
间，所以用从属连词when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
7.
[解析] 形容词。句意：该活动以不同语种的各种《论语》出版物为特色，SKS出
版社希望用马耳他语版本丰富该系列。空处作定语修饰名词publications，所以用
vary的形容词形式。故填various。
when
various
一
二
8.
[解析] 名词。空处被冠词the限定，且空后无名词作enrich的宾语，所以空处应填名
词。故填collection。
9.
[解析] 副词。句意：这本书的出版得到了马耳他图书基金的部分资助，该基金是
由马耳他国家图书委员会和马耳他中国文化中心发起的。空处作状语修饰动词
financed，所以用partial的副词形式。故填partially。
collection
partially
一
二
10.
[解析] 非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语修饰名词initiative，
launch与其逻辑主语initiative之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词，表示被动。故填
launched。
launched
一
二