2025届高考英语二轮复习 专题一： 冠词、代词、介词、并列连词课件(共134张PPT)

(共134张PPT)
第二部分　学透语法
基础词法篇　专题一　冠词、
代词、介词、并列连词
目 录
Contents
01
高考帮　研透命题
02
语法帮　考点通关
03
练习帮　课时提能
　　编者按：考向的考查次数为该考点近5年全国卷及近4年新高考全国卷(共20套
卷)累计考查次数。
卷别 冠词 代词 介词 并列连词
2023 新Ⅰ 63.a(a touch of＂
少许，微量＂) 62.their 60.by(by hand) 58.or(whether...or...)
新Ⅱ 59.the 58.to/with(speak
to/with) 64.and
卷别 冠词 代词 介词 并列连词
2023 甲 68.for(take
responsibility for)
乙 61.to(from...to...) 65.but/yet
2022 新Ⅰ 57.the(倍数表达) 64.as(serve as) 61.and
新Ⅱ 57.The 61.and
甲 64.A 69.from(...to...)
乙 62.the 70.its 61.by 67.and
浙江 59.the(the blind) 62.at(at age seven) 65.and
卷别 冠词 代词 介词 并列连词
2021 新Ⅰ 65.a(a must to do) 64.mine(介
词后宾语) 62.and
新Ⅱ 65.from(...to...) 60.and
甲 68.the(all the way) 62.in(＋朝代) 67.but
乙 65.the 63.its 64.until 66.of(various types
of)
卷别 冠词 代词 介词 并列连词
2021 浙江 64.The(the＋姓氏
复数) 61.herself(of
宾语) 57.for(buy sth. for
＋ 金额) 62.neither
2020 新Ⅰ 62.themselv
es(动词宾语
imagine sb.
doing) 65.for(compete for) 57.or
新Ⅱ 61.a 65.our 62.and
Ⅰ 70.its 65.than
卷别 冠词 代词 介词 并列连词
2020 Ⅱ 70.the(first) 64.than(more than) 67.with(be
associated with)
Ⅲ 70.on(on earth)
浙江 64.the(with the rise
of) 56.in 58.than
卷别 冠词 代词 介词 并列连词
2019 Ⅰ 69.the 63.of/for(methods
of/for)
Ⅱ 69.a 67.but(not...but...)
Ⅲ 63.of(a pack of)
浙江 57.the(the same) 61.to (the answer
to this question)
考向1　冠词　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[全国卷5年13考]
1. [2023新高考Ⅰ，63]The meat should be fresh with touch of sweetness， and the
surrounding soup hot， clear and delicious.
2. [2022新高考Ⅰ，57]Covering an area about three times size of Yellowstone
National Park， the GPNP[Giant Panda National Park] will be one of the first national
parks in the country.
3. [2022新高考Ⅱ，57] Brown family live in an apartment building outside
Toronto.
a　
the　
The　
4. [2022全国甲，64] friend of his， Wu Fan， volunteered to be his companion
during the trip.
5. [2021全国甲，68]It took us about 3 hours to go all way around the Xi’an City
Wall.
A　
the　
　　若空后的＂(形容词＋)名词＂前没有形容词性物主代词、指示代词等限定词，
考虑填冠词。若该名词是可数名词，且在语境中第一次出现，空处可翻译为＂一个
(名、本等)＂，一般填a/an；若该名词在前文出现过，空处可翻译为＂这/那个，这/
那些＂，一般填the。
　　另外，还要注意固定搭配中的冠词及冠词的特殊用法(抽象名词具体化等)。
1. [2023新高考Ⅱ，59]Not the pandas， even though language used for the
medical training instructions is actually English.
2. [2023 浙江1月，65]In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by
the Forbidden City， the Summer Palace， and the Temple of Heaven， the hutongs
reflect culture of grassroots Beijingers.
3. [2022全国乙，62]To celebrate festival， a number of events took place at the
Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
the　
the　
the　
4. [2022浙江1月，63]Cobb， for her part， started to ask conference organizers who
invited her to speak if she could do so remotely； about three-quarters of time，
they agreed.
5. [2020新高考Ⅱ，61]Each volume in the set explores wide range of materials，
explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems...
6. [2020浙江，64]Then， with rise of science， changes began.
the　
a　
the　
考向2　代词　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[全国卷5年7考]
6. [2023 新高考Ⅰ，62] Nanxiang aside， the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，
allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any
of (they) contents.
7. [2021新高考Ⅰ，64]As the song goes， this long and winding road ＂will never
disappear＂， and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I).
8. [2021全国乙，63]Ecotourism has (it) origin with the environmental movement
of the 1970s.
9. [2020新高考Ⅰ，62]As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer
simulations(模拟) and imagine (they) living at a different time in history
or walking through a rainforest.
their　
mine　
its　
themselves　
　　有提示词时，空处若作宾语，则用人称代词的宾格(him/her/them等)；空处若作
定语，则用形容词性物主代词(its/our/their等)；空处若作主语、宾语、表语，且表示
所有物，则用名词性物主代词(its/mine等)；空处若作宾语、表语且又和句子的主语
指同一人或物，则用反身代词(herself/themselves等)。
　　无提示词时，空处若作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；还要注意一些固定句式
(强调句型等)。
1. [2022北京，17]Since people can’t always eat out or cook for (they)，
they get takeout or order delivery.
2. [2020新高考Ⅱ，65]Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world
with the guidance of (we) Further Resources section featured in each volume.
3. [全国Ⅲ，68]When the gorillas and I frightened each other， I was just glad to
find (they) alive.
4. [浙江高考，58]Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own
countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.
themselves　
our　
them　
it　
考向3　非谓语动词作状语　　　　　　　　　　　　　[全国卷5年18考]
10. [2023全国甲，68]She warns of the environmental dangers facing society， and she
teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment.
11. [2022全国乙，61]May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day， which
was named officially the United Nations on November 27th， 2019.
for　
by　
12. [2021全国甲， 62]It (the Xi’an City Wall) was built originally to protect the
city the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
in/during　
　　高考主要考查介词的基本用法和固定搭配中的介词。
　　解题时：1.注意分析句子结构，如果空处在名词、代词或动名词前，考虑
填介词；2.注意固定搭配中的介词；3.注意有特殊用法的介词，如with/without
的复合结构。
1. [2023 新高考Ⅰ，60]There， you’ll find them prepared differently — more dumpling
and less soup — and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.
2. [2023新高考Ⅱ，58]Since June 2017...I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo
to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. And who do they speak
English ？
by　
to/with　
3. [2023 全国乙，61]From Buddhist temples to museums， narrow hutong royal
palaces， it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its
layout， with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
to　
4. [2023北京，17]Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding
purpose： to call attention global water issues.
5. [2023浙江1月，63]Thanks to Beijing’s long history the capital of China，
almost every hutong has its stories， and some are even associated with historic events.
6. [2022全国甲，69]He flew 4，700 kilometers Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20，
planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
to　
as　
from　
7. [2022浙江，62]Luc Gandarias， who’s now thirteen， went blind suddenly age
seven.
at　
8. [2022北京，11]Helen was walking down the street late the evening， her arms
filled with grocery bags.
9. [2021全国乙，66]...various types trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
10. [2020新高考Ⅰ，65]Museums must compete people’s spare time and money
with other amusements.
11. [2020全国Ⅰ，65]The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because
it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)， more so the familiar near side.
in　
of　
for　
than　
12. [2020全国Ⅱ，64]Orange trees are more decoration； they are a symbol of
good fortune and wealth.
than　
13. [2020北京，6]Over time， the bags fall apart countless tiny pieces， and
fish can accidentally eat some of them.
14. [全国Ⅰ，63]Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been
employed only since the mid-1980s， and are expensive to perform consistently over a
large area.
15. [全国Ⅲ，63]We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dogs， seven to
be exact.
to/into　
of/for　
of　
16. [浙江高考，61]But can uniforms help improve school standards？ The answer
this question is not clear.
注意　其后常跟介词to的名词还有key，solution，approach等。
to　
考向4　数词　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[全国卷5年12考]
13. [2023全国乙，65]It is a distinct visual contrast(反差) that shouldn’t
work， somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
14. [2022新高考Ⅱ，61]He hung on for a few minutes screamed for his father，
but his father didn’t hear him.
15. [2022全国乙，67]The ＂First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative
Initiative＂ issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to
come together to promote international cooperation cultural exchanges.
16. [2021浙江，62]Although Mary loved flowers， she nor her husband was
known as a gardener.
but/yet　
and　
and　
neither　
　　高考主要考查并列连词的基本用法和固定结构中的并列连词。
　　解题时，要根据句子意思及结构，厘清句子的逻辑关系。表示并列、递进、顺
承常用and；表示转折常用but(但不能与although/though连用)或yet；表示选择常用
or；表示结果常用so。
　　还要注意一些固定句式及结构。如＂祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句＂，
either…or…， neither…nor…， not…but…， both…and…等。
1. [2023 新高考Ⅰ，58]To eat one， you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it
first， releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出)， to put the whole dumpling
in your mouth， letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).
2. [2023 新高考Ⅱ，64]It’s been an honor to watch the panda programmes develop
to see the pandas settle into their new home.
3. [2023浙江1月，56]During China’s dynastic period， emperors planned the city of
Beijing arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
or　
and　
and　
4. [2022新高考Ⅰ，61]The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of
“protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems， preserving
biological diversity， protecting ecological buffer zones， leaving behind
precious natural assets(资产) for future generations＂.
5. [2022浙江，65]＂The feeling of being able to see it to form my opinion is
like breaking down another wall as a blind person.＂
6. [2021新高考Ⅱ，60]I found the contact information of the company emailed
its president.
7. [2020新高考Ⅰ，57]They kept their collection at home until it got too big until
they died，and then it was given to a museum.
8. [全国Ⅱ，67]I work not because I have to， because I want to.
and　
and　
and　
or　
but　
考点一　冠词
一、不定冠词a/an
　　不定冠词有a， an两种形式，用来表示不特定的人或事物，一般修饰可数名词
单数。当紧跟冠词的词以辅音音素开头时，用a；当紧跟冠词的词以元音音素开头
时，用an。
基本 用法 表示＂一＂，但不强调数量概念，或数量概念没有one强烈。 Rome was not built in a day. 罗马非一日
建成。
基
本 用
法 用于指首次提到的对方不
知道的人或物。 Occupied in carrying out an experiment， he can’t spare
time to look after his son. 因为忙着做一个试验，他抽
不出时间来照看他的儿子。
a/an＋可数名词单数，泛
指一类人或事物，或指同
类人或事物中的＂一
个＂。 In America， if a friend has invited you to drop in at any
time， it is best to call before visiting. 在美国，如果一
个朋友邀请你随时拜访他，你最好去之前打个电
话。
基
本 用
法 a/an＋序数词，表示＂又
一，再一＂；a most＋形
容词，表示＂非常，
很……＂。 In order to find a better job， he decided to study a
second foreign language. 为了找到一份更好的工作，
他决定再学一门外语。
It must be a most unusual exhibition.这一定是一次非常
不寻常的展览。
不定冠词a/an表示＂某一
个＂，相当于some/a
certain。 A Mr. Green called just now.刚刚有一位格林先生打电
话。
基
本 用
法 用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常
考的有：success， failure，
danger， surprise， pleasure，
beauty， comfort， honour等。 I don’t think the experiment is a failure. At
least we have gained experience for future
success. 我认为这次试验不是失败的。至
少，我们为以后的成功获得了经验。
固 定 搭 配 as a result/consequence结果 as a whole总体上　　 as a matter of fact事实上
at a loss不知所措　　 in a hurry匆忙　　 in a word总之
in a sense在某种意义上　　 in a way在某种程度上　 in a short while不久
at an early age在幼年时　　keep an eye on照看，留意 pay a visit to拜访
put an end to使……结束　 once in a while偶尔　　 have a gift for有……天赋
all of a sudden突然　　 have/take a rest休息　　 do sb. a favour帮某人一个忙
give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车　　 be/go on a diet节食
It is a pity/shame that...真可惜/遗憾……
It is an honour to do...深感荣幸做……
The Wilsons live in European-style house near the coast. It is
eighteenth-century cottage.
I earn my living as supermarket cashier on weekdays.
People develop preference for a particular style of learning at early
age.
Mrs. Taylor has an 8-year-old daughter who has gift for painting — she has
won two national prizes.
a　
an　
a　
a　
an　
a　
To tell the truth， John is at loss what to do currently.
I’m still hungry. Could you please give me second piece of cake？
You have been working for ten hours. Take rest and eat something.
[2021新高考Ⅰ，65]While you’re in China， Mount Huangshan is must to
visit！
a　
a　
a　
a　
教师尊享·点拨
　　此处must表示＂必须做或看的事物＂，为可数名词，常用单数，此处表示
泛指。
二、定冠词the
基 本 用 法 表示双方都知道的或上文提
到过的人或物。 Six of the thirty-eight people were U. S. citizens. 那
38人中有6个人是美国公民。
用于表特指的由短语或从句
修饰的名词前。 I really enjoyed the book I’ve just finished reading.
我真的很喜欢我刚刚读完的这本书。
表示一类人或事物(用于形容
词或分词前)。 He knows he is waiting for the impossible. 他知道自
己在期盼不可能的事。
基 本 用 法 用于指世界上独一无二的事物。 Paris is a beautiful city， where you can see the famous
Eiffel Tower. 巴黎是一个美丽的城市，在这里你能看
到著名的埃菲尔铁塔。
用于演奏乐器名称前。 As far as I know，he likes playing the piano but doesn’t
like playing football. 据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜
欢踢足球。
基 本 用 法 the＋表示姓氏的复数名
词，表示一家人或夫妇二人。 The Jacksons are coming to visit us on Saturday. 杰克逊
一家周六要来看我们。
用于序数词、最高级以及only，
very，same等词之前。 It was the first time that Helen had understood
such a complex word. 这是海伦第一次理解了
如此复杂的单词。
基 本 用 法 用于表示世纪、年代、朝代的名
词以及逢十的复数数词前(指世纪
中的几十年代或人的大约岁数)。 The Tang Dynasty is considered a golden age of
Chinese arts and culture. 唐朝被认为是中国艺
术和文化的黄金时期。
用于表计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the day，by the dozen，by the meter等。但如果是在抽象名词前，则不用冠词，如：by weight，by time，by length，by size等。 I got paid by time. To be exact，I got paid by the hour. 我按时间拿报酬。确切地说，我是按小时拿钱。
固 定 搭 配 in the south在南方　　 on the right在右边　　make the most/best of充分利用
in the end最后　　 by the way顺便说一下　　in the distance在远处
on the whole总的说来　　 at the same time同时　on the other hand另一方面
to tell (you) the truth说实话　for the time being 暂时　　on the spot在现场
not in the least一点也不　　 the other day前几天　　 take the place of代替
to the point中肯，切题　　 in the charge of由……负责
in/over the past＋时间段 在过去的……时间里
take/catch/hit sb. by/in/on the＋(身体部位)名词 抓住/打某人的……
With assistance of doctors and nurses，the patient recovered quickly.
[2022浙江，59]The tactile(可触知的) paintings work as a way to show art
to blind because we don’t see with just our eyes： We see with our brains.
[2021浙江，64] Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to
meet the needs of their growing family.
The little pupil took his grandma by arm and walked her across the street.
the　
the　
The　
the　
With the college entrance examination approaching， we have to make most
of the time left.
Over past twenty years， China has developed swiftly.
[2020全国Ⅱ，70]The plum trees are first to flower even as the snow is
melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
[浙江高考，57]Everybody wears same style of clothes. Uniforms can be
useful in unexpected ways.
the　
the　
the　
the　
三、零冠词
基 本 用 法 不可数名词和可数名词复
数表示泛指时。 Water is necessary to life. 水是生命所必需的。
Books are my best friend.书是我最好的朋友。
名词前已有this， my，
some， each， no， any等
限定时。 We are doing this all without any support from the
hospital. 我们在没有得到医院任何支持的情况下做
着这一切。
基 本 用 法 学科、语言、球类、棋
类、日期、一日三餐、月
份、星期、季节、节假日
和以人名或地名命名的大
学等名词前。 They can choose other subjects like Art， Computer
Science or languages such as Spanish and German. 他
们可以选择其他的科目，如艺术、计算机科学或西
班牙语、德语之类的语言课。
与by连用，位于表示交通/
通信工具的名词前。 I will contact you by letter. 我会写信跟你联系。
基本 用法 表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词(如captain，manager，
monitor，president等)在句中作表语、同位语或补语时。 Mr. Smith， president of the new company，
will be in charge of research and marketing
operations. 新公司的总裁史密斯先生，将负
责调研和市场运作。
固定 搭配 at present目前　　 take part in参加　　by chance/accident偶然 by mistake错误地，无意中　 on purpose故意　　 ahead of time提前 by law根据法律　　 make use of利用　 lose heart灰心 out of work失业　　 in danger处于危险中 at daybreak/dawn/noon/dusk/night/midnight 在拂晓/黎明/正午/黄昏/夜晚/午夜
1. China’s war epic The Battle at Lake Changjin rocketed to top of China’s box
office during the opening days of the country’s long National Day holiday.
2. Poyang Lake， which is China’s largest freshwater lake，is winter shelter for
plenty of migratory birds every year.
3. Later， when people had ability to use their imagination to express ideas，
woodcarving became a kind of art.
4. A religious and cultural crossroads on the Silk Road， Dunhuang has number of
caves that house a vast collection of murals describing religious stories and life scenes.
the　
a　
the　
a　
5. Last month， researchers from Boston University published article， which
analyzed photo editing apps’ bad impacts on people’s self-esteem and the potential for causing appearance anxiety.
6. We are living in Information Age， time of new discoveries and great
changes.
an　
the　
a　
考点二　代词
一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
代词 作用 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
人称代
词主格 作主语 I we you you he　she　it they
人称代
词宾格 作宾语或表语 me us you you him　her　it them
代词 作用 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
形容词
性物主代词 相当于形容词，置于名词前作定语 my our your your his　her　its their
代词 作用 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
名词性 物主代
词 相当于＂形容词性物主代词＋名＂，常作主语、表语和宾语，也可用＂of＋名词性物主代词＂结构作后置定语 mine ours yours yours his　hers its theirs
代
词 作用 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
反
身
代
词 作宾语，常用在
enjoy， teach， hurt， behave等动词后和by， for， to等介词后 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves
代
词 作用 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
反
身
代
词 作同位语，用于加强语气，强调＂亲自，本人，亲身＂ myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves
代
词 作用 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
反
身
代
词 作表语，常用于be， feel， look等系动词后，表示身体状况等 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves
It was that helped me when I traveled in Madrid， and I’ve kept in touch
with ever since.(he)
[2022全国乙，70]The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)
at the ceremony， opening (it) first exhibition： The Avenue of Truth — A
Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
At first she took my hand in (her) and listened patiently as I mentioned my
worries.
Then the driver stood up and asked，＂Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last
stop？ ＂ A woman on the bus shouted， ＂Oh， dear！ It’s (I).＂
he　
him　
its　
hers　
mine/me　
Now I’m much more experienced as a driver. Although I still don’t consider
(I) a perfect one， I’m much more confident behind the wheel than I
was when I started.
He’s writing this e-mail to ask for sick leave because he’s not feeling (he)
today.
Every year when Grain in Ear(芒种) comes， people make different types of bread
with wheat flour and color (they) with vegetable juice.
myself　
himself　
them　
教师尊享·点拨
　　空处用名词性物主代词mine，表示那个箱子是＂我的＂；也可用I的宾格形式
me，表示是＂我＂在上一站丢失了手提箱。
二、不定代词
1. both， either， neither， all， any， none
代词 含义 作主语时谓语动词的数
两
者 both ＂都＂，肯定 复数
either ＂任何一个＂，肯定 单数
neith
er ＂都不＂，否定 常用单数
代词 含义 作主语时谓语动词的数
三
者
或
更
多 all ＂都＂，肯定 与all指代的人或事物保持一致
any ＂任何一个＂ 单复数均可(常与of短语连用)
none ＂都不＂，否定 注意　＂any/none of＋不可数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow， why don’t you take both？ I
won’t read them this week.如果你不能决定借这两本书中的哪一本，为什么不两本都
借呢？我这周不看这两本书。
—Do you want tea or coffee？你想喝茶还是咖啡？
—Either is OK. I really don’t mind.任何一种都可以。我真的不介意。
2. each
①each可直接作主语，也可接＂of＋代词的复数形式＂或＂of＋the/these/形容词性物
主代词＋名词复数＂作主语，此时，谓语动词用单数。
Each (of the students) has a dictionary. 每位学生都有一本词典。
②each可作同位语，放在主语(复数)后，谓语动词用复数。
They each have a dictionary.他们每人有一本词典。
注意　each还可作限定词，修饰可数名词单数，常与every进行辨析。
There are lots of flowers on each side of the road. 路两边有许多花。
She knows nearly every student in the school. 她几乎认识学校里的每个学生。
3. the other， another， the others， others
代词 用法 例句
the other 特指两者中的另一个，常用在＂one...the
other...＂结构中 I have two daughters. One is a doctor， and the other
is a teacher.我有两个女儿，一个是医生，另一个
是教师。
another 指三者或三者以上中
的＂另一，再一＂ I got another of those calls yesterday.昨天我又接了
一个那样的电话。
代词 用法 例句
the others 相当于＂the other＋可数名词复
数＂，特指其余全部的人或物，
常用在＂some...the others...＂结构中 Two boys will go to the zoo， and the
others will go to the museum.两个男孩将
去动物园，其余的去博物馆。
others 相当于＂other＋可数名词复
数＂，泛指别的人或物，常用
在＂some...others...＂ 结构中 Some students are cleaning the classroom； others are playing in the
playground.一些学生在打扫教室，另一
些在操场上玩。
4. many，much，(a)few，(a)little
含义 替代可数名词复数 替代不可数名词
＂多＂ many much
＂少＂，否定意义 few little
＂一些/点＂，肯定意义 a few a little
注意　
Most surprisingly， quite a few said they didn’t intend to vote at all.最让人吃惊的
是，相当多的人说他们根本不打算参加投票。
三、用作替代词的one， the one， that， it
代词 用法 所替代的名词的单复数
one 替代上文出现的＂同类＂人或事
物中的一个，表泛指 必须是可数名词单数
表示复数时用ones
the
one 替代上文出现的＂同类＂人或事
物，表特指 必须是可数名词单数
表示复数时用the ones
代词 用法 所替代的名词的单复数
that 替代上文出现的＂同类＂事物，
表特指，其后常跟介词短语作后
置定语 可数名词单数/不可数名词
表示复数时用those
it 替代上文出现的＂同一＂事物，
还可以指代时间、地点、距离、
天气、季节等 可数名词单数/不可数名词
[天津高考，3]A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities
are happier than who are not.
The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea since ancient times， and
they use to treat various diseases such as headaches and depression.
those　
it　
四、it的常考用法
1. it作形式主语的常用句型
①It＋be＋adj.＋(for/of sb.) to do sth.
②It＋be＋n.＋(for sb./sth.)to do sth.
③It takes/took sb.＋一段时间＋to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。
④It is worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做某事。
⑤It is useless/no use/no good doing sth.做某事没用。
⑥It is a pity/shame that... 真可惜/遗憾……
⑦It is no wonder that... 难怪……
⑧It is obvious/clear/evident that... 显然……
⑨It is said/reported/believed that...据说/据报道/人们相信……
⑩It occurs to/hits/strikes sb. that... 某人突然想起……
It seems/appears that... 似乎……
It is very kind of you to provide me with generous help and support. 你真是太好了，给
予我慷慨的帮助和支持。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。/后悔无益。
It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth.显然，人
类活动对地球上所有其他物种已经产生了负面影响。
2. it作形式宾语的常用句型
①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/find/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.)
to do/that...
②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/find/make/keep...＋it＋
useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time...＋doing sth.
She made it clear that she objected. 她明确表示反对。
I find it quite necessary to tell her beforehand. 我觉得很有必要事先告诉她。
I consider it worthwhile watching/to watch this movie. 我认为这部电影值得一看。
3. it的相关短语和常用句型
make it 成功，做到　 believe it or not 信不信由你
as sb. puts it 　正如某人所说
take it for granted that...　认为……是理所当然的
Take it easy.别紧张。　Don’t mention it.不客气。
When it comes to...　当涉及/谈及……(to为介词)
It is/was...that/who...(强调句型)
1. Rather than adding extra class time， schools may find more productive to
consider carefully the range and quality of activities provided.
2. According to Wang， the platform not only helps with production but also promotes
sales， as (it) tracking system can collect first-hand marketing feedback data.
3. The famous rock singer-songwriter is a legendary figure in Chinese rock music， the
media calling (he) ＂the godfather of Chinese rock and roll＂.
4. As the world leaders continue to commit (they) to monitoring our ＂
sick＂ planet， we need to continue to take small steps to ＂heal＂ the world.
it　
its　
him　
themselves　
5. In addition， it is always wise to compare your results with of other group
members.
6. is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.
7. WFP(世界粮食计划署) works closely with governments， organizations and
individuals whose love for helping hungry people equals (our).
those　
It　
ours　
考点三　介词
一、表示＂时间＂的介词
at 表示在某一时刻 at 2 o’clock
表示在进餐时间 at breakfast/lunch/supper
表示在一天中的某个时间点 at midnight　at dawn
at sunset　at nightfall
on 表示在特定的某一天 on Tuesday
on New Year’s Day
表示在某一天的或某种类型的早晨、中
午或晚上 on a cold night
on the morning of July 15
用于＂on＋动词-ing/动作名词＂结构 on arriving/on his arrival at the hotel
for 表示＂长达……(时间)＂，后接时间
段，常与完成时连用 She has been ill for two days.
from 表示＂从……开始＂，后接时间点，多
用于＂from...to/till/until...＂结构 You can come anytime from
Monday to Friday.
since 表示＂自……以来＂，后接时间点，常
与完成时连用 We have known each other since
2008.
before 表示＂在……之前＂，与after相对 Please come before ten o’clock.
by 表示＂不迟于，在……之前＂ I’ll have it done by tomorrow.
until (till) 表示＂直到……为止＂，在肯定句中常与
延续性动词连用 You must wait until/till tomorrow.
在否定句中常与非延续性动词连用 I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock.
in 表示＂在……之后＂或＂在……之
内＂，＂in＋时间段＂常与将来时连用 I’ll come to see you again in a
few days.
after 表示＂在……之后＂，可用于过去时和将
来时 We’ll leave after lunch.
They arrived after 5 p.m.
within 表示＂在……之内＂，强调事情发生的全
过程不超出某一段时间 I can finish it within an hour.
during 表示＂在……期间＂，指整个时间段或一段时间内的某个时候，有时可与in互换 What did she say during/in my
absence？
through 表示＂自始至终＂，指整个时间段 They worked through the night.
over 表示＂在吃(或喝)……的时候＂，强调间
隙 We had a pleasant chat over a
cup of tea.
表示＂在……期间＂，可与during互换 Will you be home over/during
the summer vacation？
November 2020， Marshall saw a person lying in the street after being hit by
a car.
The store， every agreed day， will pack the food well and send it to the
customer’s home.
mid-March to mid-April every year is the best time to enjoy the beautiful
cherry blossoms.
More than 50，000 ancient artifacts have been found at Sanxingdui the
1920s， when a local farmer accidentally came upon a number of relics at the site.
　In　
on　
From　
since　
It was not 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.
A company says it has created a new battery that people can fully
charge just five minutes. This is the same amount of time it takes to fill a
tank of petrol.
Tuesday morning， Shen Dong was about to walk into the bank when he
spotted something falling down from a building across the street.
[2021北京，14]While riding his bike home 　 a cold night，he came across
a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.
until　
in/within　
On　
on　
二、表示＂地点或方位＂的介词
at 其后一般接小地方，接地名时，
常将此地视为空间的一点 He arrived at the famous town in Jiangsu
at dusk.
on 表示两地接壤 Guangdong is on the east of Guangxi；
Fujian lies to the south of Jiangsu and all
of them are in China.
to 表示两地的相对位置，不接壤 in 其后一般接大地方或表示在某个
范围之内 off 表示＂(时空上)离，距＂ He lives on an island off the coast.
on 表示＂在……上＂，强调两个物
体表面相接触 There is a glass on the table， a map of
the world on the wall， and a clock above
the map.
above 表示位置高于某物，但不一定在
正上方，反义词是below over 表示＂在某物的正上方＂，反义
词是under There is a lamp hanging over the desk，
and under it is a waste-paper basket.
along 表示＂沿着＂某一路径在水平方
向上行进 I saw them running along the road.
through 意为＂穿过＂，表示从内部空间通过 They walked across the square and then
through the dark forest.
across 表示＂横穿＂，强调从某一物体的表面横过 He ran across the zebra crossing(斑马
线)， rushing into the shop across the
street.
表示＂在……对面＂ by/past 意为＂经过＂，表示从某人/某物的旁边经过 He walked by/past me without speaking.
between 表示＂在……之间(指两者)＂，
常和and连用；也可指三者或三
者以上的每两者之间的相互关系
和差别 I sat down between Jo and Diana.
The boy has already known the difference between gases， solids and liquids.
among 表示＂在……之间(指三者或三
者以上的同类事物，或笼统的一
群人或一些物之间)＂ I found the letter among his papers.
The erhu is similar to the violin， but there are many significant differences them.
When we first arrive a different country， everything about the new culture is
strange and exciting.
[2020全国Ⅲ，70]The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist
earth， Mother Nature.
[2020浙江，56]Some time after 10，000 BC， people made the first real attempt to
control the world they lived ， through agriculture.
between　
in　
on　
in　
三、表示＂工具或手段＂的介词
by 表示＂靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……＂，
后可接名词、代词或动词-ing We can realize our dreams by
working hard.
＂by＋表示交通工具的名词＂表示交通方式，此
时名词前不加冠词 by bike/bus/train/plane/ship
＂by＋表示水、陆、空的名词＂表示交通方式 by water/sea/land/air
with 表示＂用，使用(某种工具、物品或材料等)＂，所接名词前应加冠词、形容词性物主代词等限定词 We see with our eyes， hear
with our ears， and walk with
our legs.
in 表示＂使用(某种语言、材料等)＂ The book was written in
Chinese.
on 表示＂通过，使用，借助于＂ She learns English on the
radio/on TV.
Nowadays many people travel across China 　 means of high-speed trains，
and the rail traffic is quite busy especially during festivals.
In India， for example， most people traditionally eat their hands.
by　
with　
四、表示＂原因或理由＂的介词
for 常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义的形容词或
动词连用，如famous，known，praise，
punish等 Xi’an is famous for its high status in
the long history.
at 常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词
(如angry，delighted等)连用，表示产生
这种情感的原因 He was surprised at the news.
with 常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的抽象名词连用，表示因为某种感情而使某人有某种表现或行为 He shouted loudly with anger.
from 表示伤、病或事故等原因 She felt sick from tiredness.
of 多用于表示自身的原因；也常用于某些与情感相关的形容词后 Her friend died of cancer.
His father is proud of him.
The Smiths are praised the way they bring up their children.
The number of road accidents and the deaths resulting those accidents has
increased over the past years.
for　
from　
五、表示＂范围＂的介词(短语)
besides ＂除……之外(还)＂，除去的
部分也包括在整体之内 There are three more visitors besides me.除我之外，还有三位访客。
except ＂除……之外＂，除去的部分不包括在整体之内，一般表示同类之间的关系 You can take any of the apples except this one.除了这个，你可以拿走这些苹果中的任何一个。
except for ＂除……之外＂，用于引出细节以修正或补充句子的主要意思 The roads were empty except for a few cars.除了几辆小汽车，马路上空荡荡的。
apart from 具有多重意义，既可代替
besides，也可代替except for或except Apart from(＝Except for) the kitchen， the
house is very nice.这座房子除了厨房，哪儿
都很好。
六、常见的介词短语
1. at构成的短语
at first起先，首先 at last 最后
at once立刻 at work在工作；起作用
at the age of在……岁时 at the end of在……末尾
at the foot of在……脚下 at the same time同时
at a loss困惑，不知所措
2. by构成的短语
by chance碰巧 by design故意地
by force用武力 by hand手工
by nature天生地 by the way顺便提一下
by oneself独自地
3. beyond构成的短语
beyond description无法形容
beyond control无法控制
beyond one’s reach够不着
beyond one’s understanding无法理解
4. in构成的短语
in advance事先，预先 in case如果，万一
in charge主管，掌管 in common共有，共同
in comfort舒适地 in conclusion最后
in despair绝望地 in detail详细地
in doubt不确定 in effect实际上；有效
in fact事实上 in general 大体上
in need在贫困中 in order正常，妥当
in return作为回报 in no way决不
in peace平静地，安宁地 in short 简言之；总之
in place在正确位置，准备妥当；准备就绪
in sight看得见　　in turn依次；转而　　in vain徒劳
5. on构成的短语
on display陈列，展出 on holiday在度假
on leave在休假 on sale出售；减价出售
on time准时 on average平均
on behalf of代表 on the contrary与此相反
6. under构成的短语
under consideration在考虑中
under construction在建设中
under pressure承受着压力
7. out of构成的短语
out of balance失去平衡 out of breath喘不上气
out of control失去控制 out of date过时的
out of order出故障 out of place不适当；位置不当
out of the question不可能 out of reach够不着
out of sight看不见 out of style不时髦的
out of touch失去联系 out of work失业
8. ＂in＋名词＋其他介词＂结构
in case of以防 in celebration of 庆祝……
in charge of 负责，主管
in course of在……的过程中
in front of 在……前面 in favour of 赞同，支持
in fear of担心，害怕 in memory of为纪念……
in need of 需要 in place of代替
in possession of 拥有 in praise of 赞美
in respect of 关于，就……而言
in search of寻找 in spite of 不管，尽管
in support of支持 in terms of就……而言
in view of 鉴于，考虑到
in honour of为向……表示敬意
in exchange for 作为……的交换
in preparation for 为……做准备
in return for 作为对……的回报
in reward for 作为……的报酬
in addition to 除……之外
in response to 回答，响应
in contrast to与……形成对比
in harmony with 与……协调
in touch with 和……接触；和……有联系
9. 其他介词短语
due to/owing to/thanks to/on account of/as a result of/because of因为
instead of 代替，而不是
regardless of 不顾，不管
ahead of 在……的前面；领先于……
according to 根据 next to 紧挨着
along with 与……一起 together with 连同
rather than 而不是 but for 要不是
for fear of唯恐 up to 直到；由……决定
The book describes detail the process of planting tea plants， harvesting tea
leaves， and preparing for tea making.
The store was renamed Shakespeare and Company in 1964 honour of a
bookseller he admired， Sylvia Beach.
[2021天津3月，5]Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning，
rather just depending on the teacher.
Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact someone who shares
your interests.
in　
in　
than　
with　
七、动词/名词/形容词与介词的常见搭配
1. ＂动词＋介词＂类
搭配 动词
动词＋about care， dream， talk， think， worry等
动词＋at aim， glare， glance， knock， laugh， look， point， shout， stare
等
动词＋for call， care， hunt， long， look， pay， search， stand， wait，
allow等
搭配 动词
动词＋from benefit， date， differ， hear， recover， result， suffer等
动词＋in believe， hand， join， lie， participate， result等
动词＋of approve， be， complain， consist， die， dream， think等
动词＋on call， carry， concentrate， depend， focus， insist， rely等
动词＋to appeal， attend， belong， contribute， lead， refer， respond等
动词＋as serve， work， act等
2. ＂名词＋介词＂类
搭配 名词
名词＋for desire， reason， sympathy等
名词＋in faith， interest， confidence等
名词＋on effect， impact， influence等
名词＋to access， answer， key， approach， attitude， devotion， solution等
3. ＂形容词＋介词＂类
搭配 形容词
形容词＋about anxious， careful， curious， particular， serious， sorry， worried
等
形容词＋at angry， good/bad， disappointed， surprised等
形容词＋in absorbed， experienced， interested， involved等
形容词＋for eager， famous， fit， prepared， ready， responsible， sorry，
thankful等
搭配 形容词
形容词＋from absent， different等
形容词＋of afraid， ashamed， aware， fond， proud， short， tired， worthy等
形容词＋to close， contrary， equal， familiar， opposite， polite， relative，
similar等
形容词＋with busy， content， patient， pleased， associated， satisfied等
4. 常见的＂动词＋名词/代词＋介词＂类短语
搭配 动词
动词＋sb./sth.＋of＋
sth. accuse， cheat， cure， inform， remind， rob， warn，
suspect， persuade， convince等
动词＋sb./sth.＋for
＋sth. blame， criticize， forgive， excuse， pardon， punish，
scold， thank， praise， respect， admire等
动词＋sb./sth.＋
from＋(doing) sth. prevent， stop， keep， protect， preserve， defend， ban，
prohibit， shelter等
搭配 动词
其他 take care of照顾　 take advantage of利用
take control of控制　take part in参加
pay attention to注意
contribute...to...向……捐赠/贡献……
devote oneself to致力于，专心于
devote...to...把……用于
expose...to...使遭受；使接触；向……显露……
provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物
An exhibition which opened on August 30 in Xi’an displayed 121 colored terracotta
relics(遗物)， dating the Qin dynasty.
Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which
calls a clear road map and timetable.
Undoubtedly， excessive gaming is purely a waste of time and energy and has a
negative effect 　 both physical and mental health.
[2020全国Ⅱ，67]Bamboo plants are associated health， abundance and a
happy home.
from　
for　
on　
with　
1. In Chinese history， writing brushes(毛笔) served an essential tool for cultural
heritage.
2. The Chinese Farmers’ Harvest Festival falls the Autumnal Equinox(秋分) each
year.
3. Woodcarving serves practical purposes and at the same time is decorative value.
4. Unlike the modern dam， where the water is blocked with a huge wall， Dujiangyan
still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally， making the ecosystem and
fish populations exist peace.
as　
on　
of　
in　
5. Because native plants are original to the ecosystem， they provide the best
habitats local insects， birds and other animals.
6. Restaurants of considerable sizes may have fully prepared more than a hundred
refreshments for customers to choose .
7. Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not
widely accepted as a travel concept the late 1980s.
for　
from　
until　
考点四　并列连词
　　并列连词用来连接两个或更多的单词、短语或分句。由并列连词连接两个或两
个以上分句的句子叫并列句。
一、表示不同逻辑关系的并列连词
表示并列、顺承
或递进关系 and， both...and...， neither...nor...， not only...but also...，
not...but...， as well as等
表示转折关系 but(不能与从属连词although，though连用)
yet(既可作并列连词，也可作副词)
表示选择关系 or， or else， either...or...等
表示因果关系 so(不能与because连用)
for(表示原因，引出的分句一般用逗号与前句隔开，表示补充说
明)
表示对比关系 while
[2023浙江1月，56]During China’s dynastic period， emperors planned the city of
Beijing arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
Notices in the waiting room request that you should neither smoke shout
loudly.
[2021全国甲，67]My bike was old and shaky did the job.
Small amounts of caffeine — a cup two of coffee a day — seem safe for most
people.
and　
nor　
but　
or　
二、含有并列连词的固定句式
1. 祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
　　在此句式中，and表示顺承关系，or表示＂否则＂。 ＂祈使句＋and＋陈述句＂
有时可用＂名词(词组)＋and＋陈述句＂表示，名词词组中常含有more， another，
further， earlier等词。
Dive down 650 feet， you will notice that light starts fading rapidly.
We’d better go now， we’ll miss the train.
One more hour， I’ll get my assignment finished.
and　
or　
and　
2. when作并列连词时的常用句式
when也可作并列连词，意为＂这时，那时＂，相当于and at this/that time。其常
用于下列句式：
We were having a meeting when he broke in. 我们正在开会，这时他闯了进来。
I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出门，这时电话响了。
I had just left when it began to rain. 我刚离开，天就开始下雨了。
1. The spare room can be designed as an excellent entertainment center， a playroom， a large home office.
2. The house has high ceilings and many windows， it is always very bright.
3. Some children may seek comfort in hugs， others prefer physical space.
4. Cathy’s drawing may not be excellent， I know she has done her best.
5. Stick to it， you will think more quickly，move more swiftly and even see
more clearly.
6. Classical Chinese is not only a code or a tool， the cultural backbone of all the
great philosophies， spirituality， and even arts in China and all over Asia.
or　
so　
while　
but/yet　
and　
but　
7. Shi Lei was cycling to work he spotted an elderly woman fell into the icy
water.
when　
一、单句语法填空
1. [2024安徽皖江名校10月联考]Su embroidery (Su Xiu) is most celebrated of
the four main styles of Chinese silk embroidery.
2. [2024山西大同10月联考]Being exposed high levels of radiation may increase
the risks of contracting cancer and other diseases.
3. [2024四川眉山阶段练]The ＂eight major cuisines＂ have their own systems， which
represent different customs cultural characteristics of different places.
the　
to　
and　
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二
4. [2024江苏无锡期中]Wuzhen offers wide variety of traditional Chinese dishes，
allowing tourists to sink their teeth into the mouth-watering experiences.
5. [2024浙江绍兴9月检测]Thanks Sichuan hotpot， the spicy flavors have tickled
the taste buds of diners all over the country.
【点拨】　tickle意为＂(使)发痒＂， 本句中tickle one’s taste buds意为＂刺激某人的
味蕾＂。
a　
to　
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二
6. [2024重庆巴蜀中学月考]The results of the study suggest there is unique and
powerful classroom experience when play is valued and used in the learning process.
7. During my freshman year， the teacher would pick the best essay in our class to be read
out loud， but (my) was never chosen.
8. It’s not always safe to pay over the Internet， you should be careful.
9. In Song Dynasty， an instrument was also invented to indicate direction，
called the compass fish， which floated on the water.
10. Fortunately， neither the driver the passengers were hurt in the car crash.
a　
mine　
so　
the　
nor　
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二
11. [2024江苏扬州统考]Tom was about to jump into the swimming pool he
realized it was too shallow.
12. [2024上海格致中学考试]On Thursday， Holden Thorp， editor-in-chief of
America’s leading journal Science， announced an updated editorial policy， banning the
use of text from ChatGPT clarifying that the program could not be listed as an
author.
13. [2024江苏无锡期中]Whether taking boat trips on the canal just exploring the
narrow streets of the town， the travel experience in Wuzhen is guaranteed to be as
impressive as its history.
when　
and　
or　
一
二
14. Learn more English words and expressions， you will find it easier to read
and communicate.
15. Some of our ancestors chose to pursue unknown — and this curiosity led them
to， for instance， discover use of fire.
16. Talented musicians from around the world brought (they) unique cultural
influences and artistry to create unforgettable musical experience.
17. The main difference our brains and those of monkeys is
that (we) are bigger.
18. They plan to promote the cards among all residents aged over 60 and students in all
schools kindergartens to senior high schools.
and　
the　
the　
their　
an　
between　
ours　
from　
一
二
19. Yue Opera， one of the five major Chinese operas and second most influential
opera nationally， is known ＂Chinese drama＂ abroad.
20. Much my astonishment， my mother appeared with number of my old
friends who I recognized immediately when I opened the door on my birthday.
the　
as　
to　
a　
一
二
21. [2024广东佛山联考]Tang suits， worn by overseas Chinese people during the Spring
Festival each year， appeal many foreigners.
22. [2024黑龙江哈师大附中开学考]If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student
loans， shouldn’t they have say in how their money is used？
【点拨】　have a say in sth.意为＂在某事上有发言权＂。
to　
a　
一
二
23. [2024四川绵阳一诊]Xie Junwei， who co-directs the movie Chang’an with Zou
Jing， says that he made multiple trips to Xi’an in search inspiration during the
production， adding that the small statues and ancient paintings exhibited at the Shaanxi
History Museum provided them valuable ideas for the film.
24. This could be actually a threat the other species within the environment as the
alien animals enter the area and compete food sources.
25. If you are walking down the mountain in the dark， you should always have
headlamps with you， it will become too dangerous.
26. For much of Chinese history， what most people thought of money were small
coins holes in the middle.
【点拨】　think of...as...意为＂把……看作……，把……视为……＂；此处为what引
导的主语从句，且引导词what在从句中作of的宾语。
of　
with　
to　
for　
or　
as　
with　
一
二
27. The Daoqing shadow puppetry(皮影戏) used to be welcomed people of all
ages in rural areas. However， in 1980s， with the popularity of films and TV
shows， it started to lose (it) shine and many performers moved on to other jobs.
28. By means studying the workings of wildlife， we’ve come up some
pretty brilliant inventions.
29. Tears are more salty water — they deliver oxygen and nutrients to our
eyes， remove waste and serve the first line of defense against disease.
30. See every mistake as an important life lesson instead of failure， and you will
find you have nothing to be afraid of on your way success.
by　
the　
its　
of　
with　
than　
as　
a　
to　
一
二
二、语篇语法填空
　　[2024辽宁丹东阶段测]The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings
Through the Ages， a book 　1　(write) by the Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan，
in which he described Xuan paper as 　2　 ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting.
Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county， East China’s Anhui Province， was listed
as a tribute(贡品) to the imperial court 　3　 its supreme quality during the period.
一
二
　　The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is 　4　(extreme) demanding. The bark
of sandalwood， a plant native to southern China， goes through 108 　5　(procedure)
together with rice straw over the course of three years before it can be transformed into
fine Xuan paper. The entire procedure is so complex 　6　 even the most skilled
craftsman can only master a limited number of steps.
The flow of ink， both guided 　7　 resisted by water， determines the output of
Chinese art， and Xuan paper goes beyond others with 　8　(it) excellent ability to give
full play to ink. It is this durability that has made the preservation of many 　9　(value)
works from ancient China possible.
一
二
Papermaking is a crystallization of 　10　(wise) of the ancient Chinese， and Xuan
paper is the peak of papermaking.
　　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些关于中国宣纸的知识。
一
二
1.
[解析]　非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， 动词write和其逻辑主语a book之间是被
动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填written。
2.
[解析]　冠词。这里泛指一个理想的书画载体， 且空后的ideal发音以元音音素开
头， 所以应用不定冠词an。故填an。
3.
[解析]　介词。句意：这一时期， 来自中国东部安徽省泾县的手工宣纸因其质量上
乘而被列为朝廷贡品。空处表示＂因为＂。故填for。
written　
an　
for　
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二
4.
[解析]　副词。句意：制作宣纸的传统工艺要求极高。空处应用副词修饰形容词
demanding。extreme的副词形式为extremely，意为＂极其， 非常＂。故填
extremely。
5.
[解析]　名词复数。procedure意为＂步骤， 程序＂， 为可数名词， 且其前有数词
108限定， 所以这里应用名词复数。故填procedures。
extremely　
procedures　
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二
6.
[解析]　状语从句。句意：整个过程非常复杂， 即使是最熟练的工匠也只能掌握有
限的步骤。分析句子结构可知，这里是so...that...结构，引导结果状语从句，意为 ＂
如此……以至于……＂。故填that。
7.
[解析]　连词。句意： 墨的流动，既有水的引导， 也有水的阻碍，决定了中国艺术
的输出，而宣纸因为其出色的润墨性超越了其他纸。both...and...意为＂两者都；
既……又……＂， 为固定搭配。故填and。
that　
and　
一
二
8.
[解析]　代词。空后为名词短语excellent ability， 所以空处应填形容词性物主代词，
it的形容词性物主代词为its。故填its。
9.
[解析]　形容词。分析句子结构可知， 空后为名词works， 所以空处应填形容词作
定语。value的形容词形式为valuable。故填valuable。
10.
[解析]　名词。句意： 造纸术是中国古代人民智慧的结晶，而宣纸是造纸术的巅
峰。空处应填名词， 作空前介词of的宾语。wise的名词形式是wisdom， 意为＂智
慧＂， 为不可数名词。故填wisdom。
its　
valuable　
wisdom　
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二