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Unit 5 What are the shirts made of Section A Grammar Focus-4c导学案
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学习目标 1.通过观看图片和视频，能够用被动语态完成句子，说出图片和视频的内容。2.通过观察Grammar Focus的句子，能够说出被动语态的用法，谓语动词的构成(主语 + am/is /are + 动词的过去分词），句型结构，如何把主动语态变成被动语态的步骤，能够用被动语态讲故事。3.通过控制性练习(4a)和自由练习(4b)，能将主动语态变为被动语态，在上下文中能正确使用一般现在时的被动语态，通过对话 能够用被动语态谈论身边物品的原材料和产地。
学习重难点 1. 教学重点：被动语态的一般现在时用法。2. 教学难点：1).探究学习询问物品的制作材料、生产地点、生产制作过程等句型。2).主动语态变被动语态。
自学指导 自学检测及课堂展示
课前预习 1. 你的衬衫是棉的吗？____ your shirts _____ ____ cotton 2. 是的, 而且它们产于美国。Yes, they are. And they were _____ ___ the US. 3. 飞机模型是由什么制成？ ______ the model plane ______ of 4. 它是由旧木头和玻璃制成。It’s made of ____ _____ and ______.5. 茶产自中国哪里？______ ___ tea _________ in China 6. 茶产自很多不同的地区。It’s produced in many ________ _____.7. 茶是如何制成的？_____ is tea __________ 8. 茶树种植在山坡上。当茶叶长成后，它们被手工采摘下来，然后送去加工。Tea plants ____ ______ on the sides of the mountains. When the leaves are ready, they ____ ______ by hand and then ____ _____ for processing. 9. 在杭州人们种植茶叶。 People _____ ____ in Hangzhou. Tea ___ ______ (by people) in Hangzhou.
情景导入 I.Fill in the blanks according to the pictures.II.Listen to a song and find out the active voice(主动语态) and passive voice(被动语态) used in the lyrics. Then fill in the blanks.I sing the song. The song ___________ me. You play the song. The song ___________ you.He plays the drums. The drums ____________ him.She sings the song. The song ___________ her. It sings the song. The song ___________ it. We sing the song. The song ___________ us. They play the drums. The drums ____________ them.
学习理解 I.Read the sentences in GF and translate them. Fill in the blanks according to grammar focus.1. 你的衬衫是棉的吗？____ your shirts _____ ____ cotton 2. 是的, 而且它们产于美国。Yes, they are. And they were ____ ___ the US. 3. 飞机模型是由什么制成？ ______ the model plane ______ of 4. 它是由旧木头和玻璃制成。It’s made of ____ _____ and _____.5. 茶产自中国哪里？______ ___ tea _________ in China 6. 茶产自很多不同的地区。It’s produced in many _______ _____.7. 茶是如何制成的？_____ is tea __________ 8. 茶树种植在山坡上。当茶叶长成后, 它们被手工采摘下来，然后送去加工。Tea plants ____ ______ on the sides of the mountains. When the leaves are ready, they ____ ______ by hand and then ____ _____ for processing.9. 在杭州人们种植茶叶。People _____ ____ in Hangzhou. Tea ___ ______ (by people) in Hangzhou.II.Find the sentences in the passive voice(被动语态), and summarize the structures (结构) of the passive voice.略III.Do you know how to change the active voice into the passive voice IV.Please change the active voice into the passive voice. V.Do you know how to change the active voice into the passive voice 略VI.Watch a video and learn how to change the active voice into the passive voice 略VII.The sentence structure of the passive voice.被动语态的句型结构。略VIII.Do you know when to use the passive voice （1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。These books are written for children.
I haven’t been told about it.（2） 需要强调动作的承受着即宾语时。Calculator can't be used in the math exam. 计算器不能用于数学考试。The cup was broken by David.The book is written by Mo Yan.（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态结构。It is\was said\believed\reported +that … …IX.Do you know when not to use the passive voice 略X.规则动词的过去分词：1. Vegetables are ________ (wash) and __________(prepare).2. Eggs are ________(pour) and ________(stir) for 10s.3. Pepper slices and salt are ________(add).4.The recipe is ________(study) by Pam and Liu Jun.XI.Read the story, and learn the structures of different tenses of the passive voice. 略
应用实践-
plete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.1. Children under 18 _____________ (not allow) to watch this show without their parents. 2. We ________ (pay) by the boss on the last Friday of each month. 3. A: What language ___________ (speak) in Germany B: Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too. 4. Most of the earth’s surface ___________ (cover) by water.5. The classroom _________ (clean) by the students every day.II. 4b.Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.1.Farmers plant the tea on the sides of mountains. __________________________________________2. This shop uses the best materials to make dresses. ___________________________________________3. Careless driving causes many traffic accidents. _____________________________________________4. The postman brings letters and postcards to people’s homes. _____________________________________________5. Our family does not use this silver plate very often. _____________________________________________4c.略
课堂练习 句型转换I wash dishes every day. (改为被动语态) ______ ____ _______ ___ ____ every day.2. Most of the farm work is done by machine in China today.(改为一般疑问句) __ ____ __ __ ____ _____ ____ ___ ______ in China today 3. The jacket is made of cotton. (改为否定句) The jacket _____ ______ ____ cotton.4. French and English are spoken in Canada.(对画线部分提问) ______ _________ ____ _______ in Canada 5. He takes good care of the child.(改为被动语态) ____________________________________
作业 请将下列句子变成被动语态。1. We use computers to search information. 2. The teacher often repeats the story. 3. They don’t allow fishing here. 4. Bill looks after his cat carefully. 5. We don’t often speak English at home.
【参考答案】
课前预习
情景导入 I.Fill in the blanks according to the pictures. II.Listen to a song and find out the active voice(主动语态) and passive voice(被动语态) used in the lyrics. Then fill in the blanks.
学习理解 I.Read the sentences in GF and translate them. Fill in the blanks according to grammar focus. II.Find the sentences in the passive voice(被动语态), and summarize the structures (结构) of the passive voice.III.Do you know how to change the active voice into the passive voice IV.Please change the active voice into the passive voice.V.Do you know how to change the active voice into the passive voice VI.Watch a video and learn how to change the active voice into the passive voice 略VII.The sentence structure of the passive voice.被动语态的句型结构。 VIII.Do you know when to use the passive voice 略IX.Do you know when not to use the passive voice 略 X.规则动词的过去分词：XI.Read the story, and learn the structures of different tenses of the passive voice. 略
迁移创新 I.plete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. II. 4b.Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.4c.略
课堂练习
作业 略
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Unit5 Section A Grammar focus-4c分层作业
一、根据首字母填空
根据句意和所给汉语，完成句子。每空一词
1．One of the （邮递员）is my father’s friend.
2．She works at the （本地的）post office
3．We need different （材料）to make the kite.
4．In America, you can find （产品）made in China easily.
5．The Internet has become part of （日常的）life.
6．Chinese people usually use （筷子）to have meals.
7．Qingdao is （广泛地，普遍地）known for Mount Lao.
8．Autumn is coming and the （树叶）are becoming yellow.
9．Shanghai is one of the （生机勃勃的）cities in China.
10．Most （德国人）speak their own language in （德国）
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
用所给词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次
not allow avoid go get produce
11．The factory about 10,000 cars since last year.
12．People in many countries hardly buying products made in China now.
13．Last year he to visit his aunt and uncle in San Francisco.
14．In the future, China better at making high-technology products.
15．Children under 18 to watch this show without their parents.
三、多句选词填空
用所给词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
produce，pack，pick，avoid，know
16．We each other since we were little children.
17．Look！The girls some apples in the garden.
18．Workers over 3，000 mobile phones next month.
19．Tom successfully making the same mistake again.
20．The tea and sent to different countries yesterday.
四、单项选择
21．— What do you think of the shirt
— Very great. It is made of good ___________.
A．brand B．material C．coin D．leaf
22．—Look, what have you done
—Sorry. If I another chance, I’ll do it better.
A．give B．will be given
C．will give D．am given
23．—Daniel is a boy of few words.
— But ___________, he is warm-hearted.
A．in a hurry B．in fact
C．in the end D．above all
24．I find ___________ hard for me ___________ the work in such a short time.
A．it; finish B．it’s; finishing C．it; to finish D．it; finishing
25．Chopsticks ___________ when people eat Chinese food.
A．is used B．are used C．was used D．were used
26．The teacher realized that the boy was trying to avoid ___________ his eyes.
A．see B．looking C．meeting D．to leave
27．To study English, we should speak ____ English ____.
A．every day; every day B．everyday; everyday
C．everyday; every day D．every day; everyday
28．—Do you like reading books
—Yes. Each of us ________ to do more reading in and after class.
A．are encouraged B．encourage
C．is encouraged D．is encouraging
29．David was so excited at the good news that he could _____________ say a word.
A．nearly B．hard C．ever D．hardly
30．We are surprised to know that ___________ many products were made in China.
A．so B．such C．very D．pretty
五、句型转换
31．Whatever you do, I will try to help you.(改为同义句）
you do, I will try to help you.
32．They send the apples to the factory for processing.(改为被动语态）
The apples to the factory for processing.
33．China is famous for the Great Wall.(改为同义句）
China is the Great Wall.
34．Do you wash the dishes every day (改为被动语态）
the dishes by you every day
35．What language do people speak in that country (改为被动语态）
What language in that country
六、完形填空
A robot is a special kind of machine. It is a machine that can follow instructions. 36 it is a machine, it seldom makes mistakes or gets tired. And it 37 complains, unless you tell it to!
Robots are around us. Some robots are used to 38 things. For example, robots can help make cars. Some robots are used to explore dangerous places. Some robots can help clean your house. Some robots can even 39 human languages. They can be used to help answer telephone calls. Some robots look like 40 , but most robots do not. They just look like machines.
Long ago, people imagined 41 . Over 2,000 years ago, Homer, a famous poet, imagined robots. His robots were made of gold, but they were not 42 . Nobody was able to make a real robot at that time. The 43 real robot was made in 1959.
In the future, we will have even more robots. They will do things that we can’t do, or that we don’t want to do, or that are too 44 for us. For example, robots will help us fight fires and illnesses. They will help make our life 45 .
36．A．Although B．If C．Because D．So
37．A．often B．never C．sometimes D．ever
38．A．move B．find C．get D．make
39．A．believe B．understand C．waste D．forget
40．A．humans B．plants C．cars D．planes
41．A．sky B．space C．robots D．stars
42．A．strong B．smart C．good D．real
43．A．next B．other C．first D．last
44．A．dangerous B．easy C．comfortable D．strange
45．A．well B．better C．bad D．worse
七、阅读单选
In your schoolbags, you may have a pencil, some kinds of pens, a ruler and some books. None of these things grow in the fields. They were all made in factories. And, of course, they were invented by some people. There have not always been pencils or pens, a ruler and books. Thousands of years ago no one knew about these things.
Who invented them first How did they have such clever ideas We always don’t know. There have been thousands of inventions, large and small, in the human history. Some of these inventions have changed the world, such as paper, printing, radio, telephone and computer, and we know the inventors. But we have forgotten most of the other inventors.
Who invented the clock, for example, or the lock to the door We don’t know. There have been thousands of inventors and we should be grateful（感激的）to them for their clever ideas. Will you be one of them when you grow up
46．The things in your schoolbags are made in ________.
A．wood B．factories C．metal D．fields
47．Which of these things can’t be found in your schoolbag
A．Books. B．Rulers. C．Pens. D．Cars.
48．The inventors invented these things because __________.
A．their children were at school B．they hoped to save some money
C．they had a lot of clever ideas D．they had good machines
49．We don’t know __________.
A．the name of the inventor of paper B．the name of the inventor of telephone
C．the name of the inventor of printing D．the names of most inventors
50．The writer wonders __________.
A．if you are an inventor B．if you want to be an inventor
C．what’s invented by you D．how many inventors you know
Unit5 Section A Grammar focus-4c 分层作业答案与详解
一、根据首字母填空
【答案】1．postmen 2．local 3．materials 4．products 5．everyday
【解析】1．句意：邮递员中的一个是我父亲的朋友。
one of后跟可数名词复数，意为“……之一”，根据汉语提示可知填postmen。
2．句意：她在本地的一家邮局工作。
此处用形容词作定语修饰post office，根据汉语提示可知填形容词local。
3．句意：我们需要不同的材料来制造风筝。
形容词different后跟可数名词复数，根据汉语提示可知填materials。
4．句意：在美国，你能够容易地发现在中国制造的产品。
product“产品”，为可数名词。根据句意和汉语提示可知用可数名词复数products。
5．句意：互联网已经成为日常生活的一部分。
名词life前面需要由形容词作定语来修饰，根据所给汉语提示可知填形容词everyday。
【答案】6．chopsticks 7．widely 8．leaves 9．liveliest 10． Germans Germany
【解析】6．句意：中国人通常用筷子吃饭。
此空是名词作宾语，chopstick表示“筷子”，筷子通常都用一双，因此用复数形式。故填chopsticks。
7．句意：青岛以崂山而众所周知。
be known for表示“以……而闻名”，根据汉语提示可知，此空是副词，修饰动词。widely表示“广泛地；普遍地”。故填widely。
8．句意：秋天来了，树叶变黄了。
and连接两个并列的句子，“树叶”是后一句的主语，根据系动词are可知，树叶用复数形式。leaf表示“树叶”，复数形式为leaves。故填leaves。
9．句意：上海是中国最生机勃勃的城市之一。
one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数表示“最……之一”。此空为形容词最高级，lively表示“生机勃勃的”，最高级为liveliest。故填liveliest。
10．句意：大多数德国人在德国说他们自己的语言。
第一个空是名词作主语，most接名词的复数形式，“德国人”用German表示，复数形式为Germans。第二个空是表示国家，“德国”用Germany表示。故填Germans；Germany。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
【答案】11．has produced 12．avoid 13．went 14．will get 15．aren’t allowed
【解析】11．句意：从去年以来，这家工厂已经生产了大约一万辆车。
考查动词时态。根据常识可知工厂生产产品，用动词produce，since last year和现在完成时连用，主语factory是单数，故填has produced。
12．句意：现在，许多国家的人们几乎不可能避免买在中国造的产品。
考查非谓语动词用法。短语avoid doing sth避免做某事，动词avoid避免后跟动名词作宾语，故填动词avoid。
13．句意：去年，他去看望了他在旧金山的姑姑和姑父。
考查动词时态。根据last year可知用一般过去时态，短语go to visit去访问，看望，故填went。
14．句意：将来，中国会更擅长制造高技术产品。
考查动词时态。由句子的in the future在将来可知用一般将来时，短语get good at变得擅长，故填will get。
15．句意：18岁以下的儿童在没有家长陪同下，不允许看这种表演。
考查动词的被动语态。短语be allowed to do sth.是被动语态，意为被允许做某事，根据主语children是复数可知be动词用are，故填aren’t allowed 。
【点睛】判断句子的时态除了根据句子的时间状语，还可以根据上下文联系和提示。比如第5小题是根据日常生活规章来判断。
三、多句选词填空
【答案】16．have known 17．are picking 18．will produce 19．avoided 20．was packed
【解析】16．句意：从我们是小孩子的时候我们就认识了。
根据since可知此句表示从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，用现在完成时。此空为谓语动词。know表示“认识”。故填have known。
17．句意：看！这些女孩在果园里摘水果。
look常用在现在进行时中，表示说话时正在进行的动作。pick表示“摘”，主语是the girls复数，谓语动词用are picking。故填are picking。
18．句意：下个月工人们将生产超过3 000部手机。
根据next month“下个月”可知此句时态为一般将来时。此空为谓语动词，produce表示“生产”。故填will produce。
19．句意：汤姆成功避免再犯同样的错误。
此空缺少谓语动词，结合句意“成功避免再犯同样的错误。”可知是这件事是已经发生过的事情，故时态为一般过去时。avoid表示“避免”，过去式为avoided。avoid doing sth表示“避免做某事”。故填avoided。
20．句意：昨天茶叶被包装运送到不同的国家。
根据yesterday可知此句时态为一般过去时。pack表示“包装”，动词，tea与pack之间的关系应该是被动关系，因此此句是一般过去时的被动语态。故填was packed。
四、单项选择
21．— What do you think of the shirt
— Very great. It is made of good ___________.
A．brand B．material C．coin D．leaf
【答案】B
【详解】句意：—你觉得这件衬衫怎样？—很好。它由好布料制作。
本题考查名词词义和句意辨析。brand品牌；material原料，材料；coin硬币； leaf叶子。根据常识可知好衣服取决于制作的材料，故选B。
22．—Look, what have you done
—Sorry. If I another chance, I’ll do it better.
A．give B．will be given
C．will give D．am given
【答案】D
【详解】试题分析：句意：---看，你已经做了些什么？---对不起。如果我被再给一次机会，我就会做得更好。此题考查被动语态，根据句意，应选D。
考点：考查被动语态。
23．—Daniel is a boy of few words.
— But ___________, he is warm-hearted.
A．in a hurry B．in fact
C．in the end D．above all
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——丹尼尔是个话不多的男孩。——但是实际上，他是个热心肠的人。
根据Daniel is a boy of few words.和he is warm-hearted.可知是事实上；in a hurry 意为“匆忙的”；in fact意为“事实上”；in the end意为“最后”；above all意为“首要的是”。故选B。
24．I find ___________ hard for me ___________ the work in such a short time.
A．it; finish B．it’s; finishing C．it; to finish D．it; finishing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我发现，对我来说在如此短的时间完成这项工作是困难的。
本题考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。固定结构it + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，it作find的形式宾语，真正宾语是动词不定式to finish。故选C。
25．Chopsticks ___________ when people eat Chinese food.
A．is used B．are used C．was used D．were used
【答案】B
【详解】句意：当人们吃中餐时，筷子被使用。
考查一般现在时被动语态。is used当主语是第三人称单数时，一般现在时被动语态；are used当主语是复数或第二人称时，一般现在时被动语态；was used主语是单数的一般过去时被动语态；were used主语是第二人称或复数时一般过去时被动语态。本句的主语chopsticks是复数，be动词用are，故选B。
26．The teacher realized that the boy was trying to avoid ___________ his eyes.
A．see B．looking C．meeting D．to leave
【答案】C
【详解】句意：老师意识到那个男孩正试图避免看他的眼睛。
考查非谓语动词用法。短语avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”，可排除A、D两项；look是不及物动词，其后不可直接跟宾语，也可以排除。故选C。
27．To study English, we should speak ____ English ____.
A．every day; every day B．everyday; everyday
C．everyday; every day D．every day; everyday
【答案】C
【详解】句意：“为了学英语，你必须每天说日常英语”。everyday日常的，平常的；every day天天。根据句意，故选C。
点睛：辨析everyday与every day的区别
everyday是形容词，只做定语，表示“日常的、平常的”
The everyday English should be learned by heart.
every day是副词短语，做状语，表示“每天、天天”
We speak English every day.
28．—Do you like reading books
—Yes. Each of us ________ to do more reading in and after class.
A．are encouraged B．encourage
C．is encouraged D．is encouraging
【答案】C
【详解】试题分析：句意：-你喜欢读书吗？-是的。我们每个人都被鼓励在课内外做更多的阅读。encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事，其被动语态形式是sb be encouraged to do sth。Each of us作主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。所以选C。
考点：考查被动语态及主谓一致。
29．David was so excited at the good news that he could _____________ say a word.
A．nearly B．hard C．ever D．hardly
【答案】D
【详解】试题分析：句意：约翰是如此的激动对于这个好消息，以至于他几乎不能说一句话。A. nearly几乎；B. hard 难的；C. ever 曾经；D. hardly几乎不；根据句意故选D
考点：考查副词辨析的用法。
30．We are surprised to know that ___________ many products were made in China.
A．so B．such C．very D．pretty
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们应该知道很多产品在中国制造。
考查副词用法。so是程度副词，如此；such是形容词，意为：如此，用来修饰名词；very很，非常； pretty副词，相当。根据空格后的形容词many可知用程度副词so，故选A。
五、
句型转换
【答案】31． No matter what 32． are sent 33． known for 34． Are washed 35． is spoken
【解析】31．根据上下句，whatever=no matter what，且位于句首，故填No matter what。
32．根据上下句，被动语态的结构为be done，且apples为复数，故填are sent。
33．根据上下句，be known for=be famous for。故填known for。
34．根据上下句，被动语态结构为be done，且dishes为复数，故填Are washed。
35．根据上下句，被动语态结构为be done，且language为单数，故填is spoken。
六、完形填空
【答案】
36．C 37．B 38．D 39．B 40．A 41．C 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．B
【分析】本文是说明文。短文介绍了机器人的特征、用途和它的发展历史，并展望了未来机器人的发展远景：代替人类做很多事情。
36．句意：______它是一种机器，所以它很少出错和疲劳。
考查从属连词和语境用法。Although尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句；If 如果，引导条件从句；Because引导原因状语从句； So引导结果状语从句。根据常识可知，机器人是一种机器是它很少出错和疲劳的原因，故选C。
37．句意：它_____抱怨，除非你告诉它。
考查副词和语境辨析。often经常；never从不，决不；sometimes有时；ever曾经。根据后半句除非你告诉它，可知机器人从不会抱怨，故选B。
38．句意：一些机器人被用于______东西。
考查动词和语境辨析。move移动；find发现；get得到；make制造。根据下文列举了机器人用于造汽车，可知这里说明机器人被用于制造东西，故选D。
39．句意：一些机器人甚至能够________人类语言。
考查动词和语境辨析。believe相信；understand懂得，理解；waste浪费；forget忘记。根据后一句机器人可以接电话可知，它懂得人类的语言，故选B。
40．句意：一些机器人看起来像_________。
考查名词和语境辨析。 humans人类；plants植物；cars汽车；planes飞机。根据本段最后一句的大部分机器人看上去像机器，可知这里说的是一些机器人看上去像人类，故选A。
41．句意：很久以前，人们想象_________。
考查名词和语境辨析。sky天空；space太空；robots机器人；stars星星。根据短文内容可知，人们想象机器人，故选C。
42．句意：他的机器人由金子制造，他们不是_______的。
考查形容词和语境辨析。strong强壮的；smart聪明的；good好的；real真实的。根据本段最后一句可知，真实的机器人在1959年才造出来。所以他的机器人是不真实的，故选D。
43．句意：_______真实的机器人在1959年被造出。
考查数词用法和语境辨析。next下一个； other另外的；first第一的；last最后的。根据上一句“那时候没有人能制造真实的机器人，”可知这是第一台机器人，故选C。
44．句意： 他们将会做我们干不了的事情，或者我们不相干，或者对我们来说太______的事情。
考查形容词和语境辨析。dangerous危险的；easy容易的； comfortable舒服的；strange陌生的。根据下一句机器人帮助我们灭火和跟疾病斗争可知是危险的，故选A。
45．句意：他们将帮助我们的生活变得更美好。
考查形容词比较级和语境辨析。well好地；better更好的，比较级； bad坏的；worse更坏的。根据本段介绍的机器人可以帮助人类做许多事情可推测，他们能使我们的生活更好，故选B。
七、阅读单选
【答案】46．B 47．D 48．C 49．D 50．B
【分析】本文是说明文。世界上有很多发明和发明家，但是没有人知道历史上一些发明的发明人，是他们的发明改变了世界，我们记住了一些发明家，但是更多的是那些不知名的发明家，我们要感谢他们。
46．细节理解题。根据第一段第3句They were all made in factories.可知，学习用品在工厂生产，故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据第一段第1句In your schoolbags, you may have a pencil, some kinds of pens, a ruler and some books.可知，在书包里不能看到汽车，故选D。
48．细节理解题。根据第二段第2句How did they have such clever ideas 可知，发明家发明东西因为他们有聪明的想法，故选C。
49．细节理解题。根据第二段Who invented them first How did they have such clever ideas We always don’t know.可知，我们不知道发明了这些东西的发明人，是怎样发明的。故选D。
50．细节理解题。根据最后一句Will you be one of them when you grow up 可知，作者想知道你是否长大后相当发明家，故选B。
【点睛】阅读理解解题的小诀窍：
1、平心静气审题，切忌粗心。在解答阅读题时，千万不要慌，要静下心来，按照由易到难，由浅入深的思维方式，先从容易的入手，逐渐的打开思路。
2、仔细研读语段，整体感知文章内容。通常阅读一篇文章，第一遍需要速读，首先要重点理解文章的体裁是记叙文还是说明文。在答题时切忌没完整的阅读过短文内容就匆匆忙忙地写答案。最好先把文章从头到尾通读一遍，对文章有一个整体的认识和理解。
3、巧妙借助"原话"，确定解题空间。在通读全文的基础上，将要回答的问题放到阅读的文章中来，再去浏览所要回答的试题，经过初步的思考，确定解决问题的阅读空间。有些试题它要求用文中原话来回答，我们就可以用文中的原话来作答，这时就可以"从文章中直接提取信息"来回答问题。
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Unit 5
What are the shirts made of
Section A (Grammar focus-4c)
教-学-评一致性语法课示范课
人教新目标版 九年级(上册)
1.通过观看图片和视频，能够用被动语态完成句子，说出图片和视频的内容。
2.通过观察Grammar Focus的句子，能够说出被动语态的用法，谓语动词的构成(主语 + am/is /are + 动词的过去分词），句型结构，如何把主动语态变成被动语态的步骤，能够用被动语态
讲故事。
Learning Objectives
3.通过控制性练习(4a)和自由练习(4b)，能将主动语态变为被动语态，在上下文中能正确使用一般现在时的被动语态，通过对话 能够用被动语态谈论身边物品的原材料和产地。
Look and fill
Activity 1
Lead to objective 1 test it
评价标准：根据2d对话和图片，完成句子，填对1个空格得1分。本活动共5分。 我得（ ）分。
Fill in the blanks according to the pictures.
Do you like drinking tea
How is the tea produced
First, tea plants _________.
are grown
Next, tea leaves _______________.
are picked by hand
Then, tea leaves
_________________.
are sent for processing
After that, tea _________.
is packed
Finally the tea _________many countries and places around China.
is sent to
评价标准：认真看视频，注意主动语态和被动语态的句子，根据主动语态的谓语动词，填写被动语态的谓语动词，填写正确1个空格得1分。本活动共8分。 我得（ ）分。
Watch and fill
Activity 2
Lead to objective 1 test it
Listen to a song and find out the active voice(主动语态) and passive voice(被动语态) used in the lyrics. Then fill in the blanks.
I sing the song.
You play the song.
He plays the drums.
She sings the song.
It sings the song.
We sing the song.
They play the drums.
The song ___________ me.
The song ___________ you.
The drums ____________ him.
The song ___________ her.
The song ___________ it.
The song ___________ us.
The drums ____________ them.
Active Voice【主动语态】
Passive Voice 【被动语态】
is sung by
is played by
are played by
is sung by
is sung by
is sung by
are played by
当主语为动作的执行者时，谓语形式为主动语态
当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语形式为被动语态
被动语态的基本形式：
be+动词的过去分词
Look and say
Read and translate
Lead to objective 2
Read the sentences and translate them.
评价标准：根据GF完成句子，前1-7句每个句子填写正确得1分，错1个空扣0.5分；第8句填写正确得3分，错1个空格扣0.5分；第10句得2分。本活动共12分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and fill
Activity 3
Lead to objective 2 test it
Fill in the blanks according to grammar focus.
Grammar Focus
1. 你的衬衫是棉的吗？____ your shirts _____ ____ cotton
2. 是的, 而且它们产于美国。Yes, they are. And they were ____ ___ the US.
3. 飞机模型是由什么制成？ ______ the model plane ______ of
4. 它是由旧木头和玻璃制成。It’s made of ____ _____ and _____.
5. 茶产自中国哪里？______ ___ tea _________ in China
6. 茶产自很多不同的地区。It’s produced in many _______ _____.
7. 茶是如何制成的？_____ is tea __________
8. 茶树种植在山坡上。当茶叶长成后, 它们被手工采摘下来，然后送去加工。
Tea plants ____ ______ on the sides of the mountains. When the leaves are ready, they ____ ______ by hand and then ____ _____ for processing.
9. 在杭州人们种植茶叶。
People _____ ____ in Hangzhou. Tea ___ ______ (by people) in Hangzhou.
made in
Are made of
What’s made
Where is produced
used wood glass
different areas
How produced
are grown
are picked
are sent
grow tea
are grown
评价标准：找出被动语态的句子，找出1个得0.5分，共5分；能够总结出被动语态的谓语结构得2分，能够说出一般现在时的被动结构得1分。本活动共8分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and say
Activity 4
Lead to objective 2 test it
Find the sentences in the passive voice(被动语态), and summarize the structures (结构) of the passive voice.
被动语态谓语动词的构成
一般现在时的被动语态:
主语+be+ done(过去分词)
+其他成分
主语+am\is\are+ done(过去分词)
+其他成分
被动语态
主动语态
其中be动词有人称、时态和
数的变化
评价标准：能够说出主动语态变为被动语态的四步，说正确4步得4分。本活动共4分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and say
Activity 5
Lead to objective 2 test it
Do you know how to change the active voice into the passive voice
主动语态
被动语态
主动语态：主语People是动作grow 的执行者。
被动语态：主语Tea是动作grow 的承受着。
People grow tea in Hangzhou.
Tea is grown (by people) in Hangzhou.
主动语态
被动语态
主(执行者)
谓
宾(承受者)
主(承受者)
谓
by介词短语
主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1. 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。
2. 把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，
3. 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格，如不需要则可省略。
4. 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
评价标准：看图片，把主动语态变成被动语态，填正确1个空格得1分。加上下一页4分，本活动共8分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and fill
Activity 6
Lead to objective 2 test it
Please change the active voice into the passive voice.
Thomas Edison invented the electric bulb.
The electric bulb _____________ by Thomas Edison.
was invented
We clean the classroom every day.
The classroom _________ (by us) every day.
is cleaned
Mike do the homework in the evening.
The homework _______ (by Mike) in the evening.
is done
My mother sweeps the floor every day.
The floor _______ (by my mother) every day.
is swept
评价标准：如果你到国外旅行，会做些什么事情，根据图片回答或者用自己的实际回答，回答1个方面得1分。本活动共5分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and fill
Activity 6
Lead to objective 2 test it
Lucy takes care of the cat .
The cat _______ care of (by Lucy) .
is taken
Please change the active voice into the passive voice.
He plays football on Sunday.
Football _______ (by him) on Sunday .
is played
She waters flowers every day.
Flowers __________ (by her) every day .
are watered
He killed a hen yesterday.
A hen _________ (by him) yesterday .
was killed
评价标准：认真观察含有双宾语的主动语态如何变成被动语态，然后做练习，做正确1个得1分。本活动共2分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and say
Activity 7
Lead to objective 2 test it
Do you know how to change the active voice into the passive voice
在主－谓－双宾结构(直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指
人))变为被动语态时 只将其中一个宾语变为被动句中的主语，另一个宾语不变，如：
He told her a long story.
间宾 直宾
She was told a long story.
A long story was told to her.
2)Mother bought me a new coat.
间宾 直宾
I was bought a new coat.
A new coat was bought for me.
We are told the truth by Jack.
练习：变被动语态
Jack tells us the truth.
The truth is told (to) us by Jack.
当指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变；如果把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接语前加to或for
评价标准：认真观察上述2种结构主动语态变成被动语态的方法，然后做练习，做正确1个得1分。本活动共2分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and say
Activity 8
Lead to objective 2 test it
2、“主－谓－宾－宾补”句型变为被动结构时，只将句中的宾语变
为被动句中的主语，宾补不变。如：
I found him lying on the floor.
宾 宾补
He was found lying on the floor.
We call her Rose.
宾 宾补
She is called Rose.
3、当主动句中有see/hear/feel/watch/notice/make/have sb. do sth. 变为
被动句时，do 前要加上to .如：
I often hear him sing. He is often heard to sing.
They made the boy go to bed early. The boy was made to go to bed early.
Do you know how to change the active voice into the passive voice
练习：变被动语态
I saw him reading in the library.
He ________reading in the library.
was seen
I see a heavy man enter the house.
A heavy man _________enter the house.
is seen to
主动句中感官动词see / hear / watch / feel等和使役动词make / let / have等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式标志to
评价标准：仔细观察所给例句，总结被动语态肯定句和否定句的句型结构，能够总结出来各得1分。加上下一页的2个句型结构，本活动共4分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and say
Activity 9
Lead to objective 2 test it
The positive sentence structure of the passive voice.被动语态的肯定句句型结构
I am allowed to watch TV on Sunday.
This meal is cooked by Tom.
They are regarded as the best students all the years.
主语
be动词
过去分词
其它
构成： 主语 + 助动词be(am,is,are)+过去分词+(by+ 动作执行者）+其它
The negative sentence structure of the passive voice.被动语态的否定句句型结构
I am not allowed to watch TV on Sunday.
This meal is not cooked by Tom.
They are not regarded as the best students all the years.
主语
be动词
过去分词
其它
构成： 主语 + 助动词 be(am,is,are)+ not + 过去分词 + (by+ 动作执行者）+其它
评价标准：仔细观察所给例句，总结被动语态一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的句型结构，能够总结出来各得1分。加上上一页的2个句型结构，本活动共4分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and say
Activity 9
Lead to objective 2 test it
The Yes–no question structure of the passive voice.被动语态的一般疑问句句型结构
Is English spoken by many people
Are you allowed to watch TV every night
Are they regarded the best students all the years
Be动词
主语
过去分词
其它
构成： 助动词 be(am,is,are)+主语+过去分词+ (by+ 动作执行者）+其它
Where is a sweet song sung by her
When is the meeting held
Who are the articles written by
be动词
主语
过去分词
其它
疑问词
构成： 特殊疑问词+助动词be(am,is,are)+主语+过去分词+ (by+ 动作执行者）+其它
Look and say
Lead to objective 2
Do you know when to use the passive voice
（1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。
These books are written for children.
I haven’t been told about it.
（2） 需要强调动作的承受着即宾语时。
Calculator can't be used in the math exam.
计算器不能用于数学考试。
The cup was broken by David.
The book is written by Mo Yan.
（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态结构。
It is\was said\believed\reported +that … …
Look and say
Lead to objective 2
Do you know when not to use the passive voice
1). 系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有： be动词, look, seem, appear, feel, sound, smell, taste等 It smells terrible.
2).下列动词(词组)没有被动式： happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, take An accident happened yesterday.
3). 不及物动词sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book sells well. 这本书畅销。
The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。
4). 在英语口语中，有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。如：
I got dressed as quickly as l could. 我尽快穿上衣服。
这样结构比较常见的搭配有：get arrested, get caught, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get lost, get married等。
评价标准：先根据语境和所给单词完成句子，填正确1个空格得1分，共6分；总结出规则动词变过去分词的变化规律，总结1条得1分。本活动共10分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and fill
Activity 10
Lead to objective 2 test it
规则动词的过去分词：
1. Vegetables are ________ (wash) and __________(prepare).
4.The recipe is ________(study) by Pam and Liu Jun.
3. Pepper slices and salt are ________(add).
2. Eggs are ________(pour) and ________(stir) for 10s.
prepared
washed
poured
stirred
added
studied
1) 在动词原形后加ed
2) 以不发音e结尾的加d
3) 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加ed
4) 以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加ed
Read and learn
Lead to objective 3
Read the story, and learn the structures of different tenses of the passive voice.
遥远的小岛上，住着一个倒霉蛋，它叫豆豆，那里的人有三件事要忙，吃饭，睡觉，打豆豆。你看，它总是被打，还不知道是谁打的。
Doudou is always beaten by someone.
昨天晚上，夜黑凤高，它又被打了。
Doudou was beaten yesterday evening.
明天，豆豆还会面临n顿暴打，可怜的豆豆啊。
Tomorrow, Doudou will be beaten several times.
Read and learn
Lead to objective 3
可怜的豆豆，已经被这样打了许多年。命运一直没有改变。
Poor Doudou has been beaten for many years.
我们亲爱的豆豆现在在干嘛，不用问，一定是正在被打。
Our dear Doudou is being beaten now.
随时可能被打的豆豆啊，谁来救救它啊。
Poor Doudou may be beaten anytime.
评价标准：根据语境用所给单词的适当形式填空，填正确1个空格得1分。本活动共5分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and fill
Activity 11
Lead to objective 3 test it
4a
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. Children under 18 _____________ (not allow) to watch this show without their parents.
2. We ________ (pay) by the boss on the last Friday of each month.
3. A: What language ___________ (speak) in Germany
B: Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.
4. Most of the earth’s surface ___________ (cover) by water.
5. The classroom _________ (clean) by the students every day.
aren’t allowed
are paid
is spoken
is covered
is cleaned
评价标准：如果你到国外旅行，会做些什么事情，根据图片回答或者用自己的实际回答，回答1个方面得1分。本活动共5分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and write
Activity 12
Lead to objective 3 test it
4b
Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.
1.Farmers plant the tea on the sides of mountains.
__________________________________________
2. This shop uses the best materials to make dresses.
___________________________________________
3. Careless driving causes many traffic accidents.
_____________________________________________
4. The postman brings letters and postcards to people’s homes.
_____________________________________________
5. Our family does not use this silver plate very often.
_____________________________________________
The tea is planted on the sides of mountains by farmers.
The best materials are used to make dresses by this shop.
Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving.
Letters and postcards are brought to people’s homes by the postman.
This silver plate isn’t used very often by our family.
评价标准：俩俩对话，询问同学穿的衣服和书包里的物品，询问材料和产地，询问1个学生得2分，询问2个学生得4分，以此类推。本活动共10分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and ask
Activity 13
Lead to objective 3 test it
4c
n. (尤指有帽舌的) 帽子
n. (分手指的) 手套
评价标准：俩俩对话，询问同学穿的衣服和书包里的物品，询问材料和产地，询问1个学生得2分，询问2个学生得4分，以此类推。本活动共10分。 我得（ ）分。
Look and ask
Activity 13
Lead to objective 3 test it
What’s your cap made of
It’s made of cotton.
Where was it made
It was made in Beijing.
What are your gloves made of
They are made of wool.
Where were they made
They were made in Xinjiang.
Look and say
Lead to objective 3
Without doubt, China is a great country with colorful cultures. They are the crystallization(结晶) of the wisdom (智慧) of the Chinese people. Of course, we take pride in our cultures. And we should value, develop and spread them to the world.
Class test
Activity 14
评价标准：根据要求变换句型，每个题填写正确得2分，错1个单词扣0,5分，扣完为止。本活动共10分。 我得（ ）分。
I wash dishes every day. (改为被动语态)
______ ____ _______ ___ ____ every day.
2. Most of the farm work is done by machine in China today.(改为一般疑问句)
__ ____ __ __ ____ _____ ____ ___ ______ in China today
3. The jacket is made of cotton. (改为否定句)
The jacket _____ ______ ____ cotton.
4. French and English are spoken in Canada.(对画线部分提问)
______ _________ ____ _______ in Canada
5. He takes good care of the child.(改为被动语态)
____________________________________
句型转换
Dishes are washed by me
Is most of the farm work done by machine
isn’t made of
What language are spoken
The child is taken good care of by him.
Self-evaluation
本节课共93分 ，我共得（ ）分。
我的评价等级（在等级括号内打钩）：
获得至少80分 ，优秀（ ）；
获得至少70分 ，良好（ ）；
获得至少60分 ，合格（ ）。
【学后反思】
一、完成自我评价表：
1.本节课我共新学单词和短语有___________个，能完全记住并会初步使用的有：___________________________________________________; 还不能记住和使用的有：______________________________________________________________________________
2.对我有帮助的学习方法有（请在括号里打钩）：
( )(1)能够通过完成句子，观察句子来自己总结出语法规律。
( )(2)能够积极参与课堂，学会了知识得总结和归纳
( )(3)通过总结语法规律能够说出被动语态的谓语构成，句式结构和哟啊。
( )(4)能够利用所学语法来完成词形填空和谈论产品的原材料和产地。
Homework
请将下列句子变成被动语态。
1. We use computers to search information.
2. The teacher often repeats the story.
3. They don’t allow fishing here.
4. Bill looks after his cat carefully.
5. We don’t often speak English at home.
谢谢
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