学习任务单
课程基本信息
学科 高中英语 年级 高一 学期 春季
课题 动词不定式作定语和状语（Book3, Unit4 Discovering Useful Structures）
教科书 普通高中教科书英语必修第三册
学习目标
After this lesson, we will be able to identify infinitives as adverbials and as attributes understand the meanings of infinitives as adverbials and as attributes in context master the differences between infinitives, participles and clauses when used as attributives and adverbials use attributive and adverbial infinitives to express ideas and intentions precisely and creatively in spoken and written English
课前学习任务
Find out the infinitives in the texts in this unit and discuss their functions and meanings.
课上学习任务
【学习任务一】
Discuss the functions and meanings of the infinitives in the following sentences. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream to explore space. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
【学习任务二】
Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicized parts accordingly. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. During a space walk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control. 【学习任务三】 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, ____________ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _________ (get) to the closet planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _________ (know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way _____________ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey Is it possible to travel faster than light No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as ______________ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. 【学习任务四】 Micro-writing Exercise: Describe space facts and efforts to explore space. Include infinitives as attributes or adverbials. Example: China's initiative to explore Mars with the Tianwen-1 mission, which includes an orbiter, lander, and rover, demonstrates the country's expanding capabilities in planetary science.
推荐的学习资源
Documentaries and TV Series: Visual storytelling can be incredibly engaging. Some notable documentaries and series include: "Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey" "The Planets" by BBC "Apollo 11" and "For All Mankind" on Apple TV+ Online Courses: Platforms like Coursera, edX, and FutureLearn offer courses on astronomy, space science, and space exploration history. Websites and Blogs: NASA, ESA (European Space Agency), and provide up-to-date news, articles, and educational content on space exploration. Podcasts: Listening to podcasts can be a great way to learn on the go. Some popular space-related podcasts include: "StarTalk Radio" with Neil deGrasse Tyson "The Space Show" "Ask an Astronaut" by Richard Garriott(共13张PPT)
动词不定式作定语和状语
(Book3 Unit4 Discovering Useful Structures)
杭州市临平实验中学
高中英语（人教版）
Space Exploration
Book3 Unit4 Discovering Useful Structures
Infinitives as the attribute and the adverbial
Learning Objectives
Upon completing this lesson, you’ll be able to
IDENTIFICATION identify infinitives as adverbials and as attributes
MEANING IN CONTEXT understand the meanings of infinitives as adverbials and as attributes in context
COMPARISON master the differences between infinitives, participles and clauses when used as attributives and adverbials
INFINITIVES IN USE use attributive and adverbial infinitives to precisely and creatively in spoken and written English
What is an Infinitive
launch
orbit
explore
to
noun
attribute
adverbial
Our journey into space is not just about survival; it is about growth, about learning to live with the infinite.
object (noun)
as
as Attribute
as Adverbial
comes immediately after the noun
movable
modifies the noun/pronoun it follows
plan/intention
modifies the verb/adverb/adjectives
meaning
position
function
Infinitive as Attribute and Adverbial
plan/intention
They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.
Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand.
To find out the secrets of the universe, they make vehicles to carry brave people into space.
as Attribute
as Adverbial
Discuss the functions and meanings of the infinitives in the following sentences.
I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream to explore space.
On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
as Attribute
as Attribute
as Adverbial
as Adverbial
as Adverbial
Turn the Clauses into Infinitives
In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.
In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.
In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.
In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use.
Attributive clause
Attributive infinitive
Adverbial clause
Adverbial infinitive
Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicized parts accordingly.
Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.
Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
During a space walk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.
Exercise
=have the dream to fly into space one day
=to/in order to/ so as to stay healthy
=to/in order to/so as to keep everything from floating off
=to/ in order to/ so as to keep their bodies under control
simultaneous action/manner/result
result from a past action
infinitive
present participle
past participle
Other forms of attributes and adverbials
plan/intention
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, ____________ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _________ (get) to the closet planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _________ (know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way _____________ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey Is it possible to travel faster than light No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as ______________ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
to achieve
using
to get
known
to store
to help
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Micro-Writing Exercise
China's initiative to explore Mars with the Tianwen-1 mission, which includes an orbiter, lander, and rover, demonstrates the country's expanding capabilities in planetary science.
…
The SpaceX Starship is being developed to revolutionize space travel, with the ambition of making Mars colonization a reality within our lifetime.
The future of space exploration lies in international collaboration and private enterprise, working together to overcome challenges and to set foot on new worlds.
Describe space facts and efforts to explore space. Include infinitives as attributes or adverbials.
Self-Evaluation
Can you distinguish between infinitives as attributes and adverbials
Do you understand the meanings of infinitives in these roles
Can you select the correct form of verbs (participles and infinitives) in context
Can you effectively use attributive and adverbial infinitives in English
Homework
Write a paragraph about your anticipation for the future space exploration using infinitives as attributes or adverbials.
Homework—A Possible Version
Write a paragraph about your anticipation for the future space exploration using infinitives as attributes or adverbials.
As we gaze towards the cosmos with a sense of wonder and anticipation, the future of space exploration promises to be a realm of boundless discovery and innovation. The dream of colonizing distant planets, with Mars as our next frontier, is driven by the ambition to establish human settlements beyond Earth. The quest to unravel the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy will propel us into a deeper understanding of the universe's fabric. The pursuit of advanced propulsion systems, to travel farther and faster than ever before, is fueled by our natural desire to explore the unknown. The mission to find signs of life on bodies in space, such as Europa, is an endeavor that could redefine our place in the cosmos. With each new launch, we edge closer to a future where space travel is as common as air travel is today, allowing us to witness the awe-inspiring beauty of our galaxy from a vantage point beyond our own world.教学设计
课程基本信息
学科 高中英语 年级 高一 学期 春季
课题 动词不定式作定语和状语（Book3, Unit4 Discovering Useful Structures）
教科书 普通高中教科书英语必修第三册
教学目标
After this lesson, students will be able to identify infinitives as adverbials and as attributes understand the meanings of infinitives as adverbials and as attributes in context master the differences between infinitives, participles and clauses when used as attributives and adverbials use attributive and adverbial infinitives to express meanings and intentions precisely and creatively in spoken and written English
教学内容
教学重点： Identifying infinitives as adverbials and as attributes will be the major focus of this class.
教学难点： Using infinitives as adverbials and attributes precisely and effectively in oral and written English will be a challenge for students.
教学过程
What is an Infinitive To +the base verb=Infinitive Note: Although infinitives are verbs, they function differently, often acting as nouns, adjectives, or adverbials. Understand its meanings and functions in a quote. Focus on infinitives as Attributes and Adverbials While both convey a plan or intention, they differ in position and function. An infinitive as an attribute directly follows the noun it modifies, whereas an adverbial can be moved around and modifies the verb. Practice distinguishing them in sentences. Sentence 1: "Mystery creates wonder, and wonder is the basis of man's desire to understand." Sentence 2: "They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe." In the first sentence, "to understand" follows the noun "desire" and modifies it, indicating the nature of man's desire, thus functioning as an attribute. In the second sentence, "to find out" is movable and modifies the verb "make," explaining the purpose behind creating the vehicles, hence functioning as an adverbial. Turning Clauses into Infinites "Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space" can be rephrased using an attributive infinitive: "the first person to get married in space." Participles vs. Infinitives Participles can also function as attributes and adverbials, but they differ in meaning with infinitives. An infinitive suggests a plan or intention, a present participle indicates a simultaneous action, manner, or result, and a past participle denotes a result from a past action. Micro-Writing Exercise Describe space facts and efforts to explore space, incorporating infinitives as attributes or adverbials. Students will get an example to mimic: "China's initiative to explore Mars with the Tianwen-1 mission, which includes an orbiter, lander, and rover, demonstrates the country's expanding capabilities in planetary science." This step helps students apply the grammatical rules and use them to facilitate meaning expressions. Homework Write a paragraph about your anticipation for future space exploration, using infinitives as attributes or adverbials. In this step, students will use grammar structures to help express ideas. Self-Check Questions Can you distinguish between infinitives as attributes and adverbials Do you understand the meanings of infinitives in these roles Can you select the correct form of verbs (participles and infinitives) in context Can you effectively use attributive and adverbial infinitives in English
