牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 4 A good read 知识梳理

Unit 4 A good read
重点单词：
spare空闲的；多余的 writer作者
read读物 touch感动，触动
against紧靠，碰 stomach胃
finger手指 tiny极小的
army大批 shoulder肩膀
review评论 return归还
success成功 copy副本；一本（份，册）
habit习惯 opposite在...对面，与...相反
重点短语：
怎样处理这些书 what to do with these books/ how to deal with these books
对历史书感兴趣 be interested in history books
增进我对过去的了解 improve my knowledge of the past
撞击岩石 crash against the rocks
筋疲力尽 be tired out
入睡/感到瞌睡 fall asleep/ feel sleepy
被拴在地上 be tied to the ground
继续做某事 continue doing sth.
试着挣脱一只手 try to pull one hand free
设法做某事 manage to do sth.
一大群小人儿 a huge army of tiny people
发现他自己不能动弹 find himself unable to move
在如此短的时间内环游世界 travel around the world in such a short time
按时还书 return the books on time
拒绝出版这本书 refuse to publish the book
一次巨大的成功 a great success
我不再像以前那样害羞了。 I am not as shy as I used to be.
向某人征求关于书本的建议 ask sb. for advice on books
在我家对面 be opposite my home
向我开启一个全新的世界 open up a whole new world to me
重点句型：
1.After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.在我们的船撞到礁石损坏之后，我奋力前游。
2.My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground.我的胳膊、腿和头发都被拴在地上。
3.He was the same size as my little finger.他不过就我小手指那么点大。
4.However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.然而，他们很快又爬起来，继续在我身上走动。
5.I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.我试着挣脱一只手，最后终于弄断了绳索。
6.I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people.我向下望去，看见一大群小人儿。
7.You don't have to come to our desk every time, just renew them online.你不必每次都来我们服务台办理在线续借即可。
温馨提示：
1.疑问词+动词不定式
①我们可以用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作动词的宾语。疑问词包括疑问代词what、which、who和疑问副词how、when、 where等。常和“疑问词+动词不定式”结构连用的动词及动词短语有: know、learn 、see、 hear、 ask、 tell、advise 、decide 、explain、find out、forget、 remember、think 、understand 、wonder等。如:
I do not know what to say next.我不知道接下来说什么。
I cannot decide which to take. 我不能决定该拿哪一个。
②有些动词，如advise、ask、show、teach、tell等，其后可以接双宾语。如：
Please tell me how to get there.请告诉我怎么去那儿。
Sandy showed Millie how to start the online tour.桑迪给米莉演示了如何开始这个在线旅游。
③有些疑问词，如what、 which、whose、 how many、how much等，其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。如:
She wondered how many subjects to choose.她不知道该选几门学科。
④在“疑问词+动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是如sure、clear等的形容词。如:
I am not sure which way to take.我不确定走哪条路。
⑤“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句子中还可以作主语和表语。如:
How to deal with the problem is most important to us.
如何处理这个问题对我们来说最重要。
The problem is when to leave the place.问题是何时离开这个地方。
⑥“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。如:
I don’t know what to do.我不知道该做什么。
= I do not know what | should do.
＊注意：所有疑问词中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。
2.must/have to的用法
①must表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思是“必须，得，要”。如:
You must finish your homework today.你今天必须完成家庭作业。
②must的否定形式must not表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。如:
You must not smoke here.你不能在这里抽烟。
③have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”。have to有人称和数的变化。如:
It is getting dark. He has to go home now.天快黑了。他现在得回家了。
Mum is out, so I have to look after the shop.妈妈出去了，因此我不得不照看商店。
④have to的否定形式是do not have to。如:
They do not have to buy a computer at the moment.他们目前没有必要买电脑。
He does not have to go.他不必走。
＊注意：must还可以表示肯定猜测，意思是“一定”。如:
You must be hungry after all that walking.走了这么远的路，你一定饿了吧。