牛津译林版8下 Unit 1 Past and Present 语言点
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| 更新时间 | 2016-02-24 16:56:12 | ||
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8B Unit 1 Past and Present 语言点
Welcome to the unit
1.Past and present 过去和现在
(1) past 名词，“过去”in t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he past e.g. :We can’t change the past ,but we can try to forget it.我们不能改变过去，但是我们可设法忘掉它。
People lived a hard life in the past .过去人们过着艰苦的生活。
（2）past 形容词，“过去的，昔日的” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e.g. In the past years ,we have built too many houses.在过去的几年里，我们已经建造了太多的房子。
(3) past 副词，“过”额。E.g. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) : A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.一位妇女路过时，看见了事情的发生。
（4）pass 动词 “通 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过，经过，递给”固定结构：pass sb sth= pass sth to sb ”把某物递给某人。E.g. : Can you pass the exam, Tom 汤姆，你能通过考试吗？
（5）present 名词“现在，目前”at present =now(在现在) e..g. :
People live a happy life at present.现在人们过着幸福的生活。
（6）present 名词“礼物”=g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ift e.g.: I received many nice presents at the Spring Festival.
2.It was in the bowl an hour ago.一小时前它还在碗里。
an hour ago 一小时前，只用在一般过去时中。E.g. :
She left thirty minutes ago 它三十分钟前离开了。
3. I’ve just have eaten it .我刚刚吃了它。
（1）主语+have/has +动词的过去分词+其他 （现在完成时） e.g. :
She has finished her homework. 她已完成了作业。
I have seen the film twice. 我已看过那部电影两遍了。
（2）just 可用于现在完成时中，置于动词与助动词之间，意为：刚才 e.g. :
---Where ‘s Jim 吉姆在哪？
---He has just gone out. 他刚刚出去了。
I have just seen Mr Liu in the street.我刚刚在街上看见了刘老师。
（3）just now 刚才，常常用于一般过去时，放在句尾。
--- Did you clean ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the room just now ---Yes, I did.你刚才打扫过房间了吗？是的，打扫过了。
（4）just 还可意为“正好，仅仅，就是”e.g.
She lives just around the corner. 她就住在拐角附近。
4.You used to share food with me! 你过去常常与我分享食物。
(1) Used to 情态动词“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过去常常” 表示过去存在但现在已经不存在的情况或习惯。固定结构：used to do sth 意为“过去常常做某事，过去曾经做某事”没有人称和数的变化。E.g.:
张亮曾经是一名厨师。Zhang Liang used to be a cook.
过去我常常步行上学，现在我乘校车上学。I u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed to go school on foot. Now I go to work by school bus..
他以前是歌手，现在是演员。He used to be a singer. Now he is an actor.
There used to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be a river in front of the gate of your house. 你家门前以前有条河。
(2) be/get used to “ 习惯于，适应于“ to 为介词，后接名词。动词和动名词。如：
I am not used to my new job.我不习惯我的新工作。
She is/gets used to running in the morning.她习惯早上跑步。
招考链接：
He used to _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____ in a small village ,but now he has been used to _____a big city.
A. live, living B.live , live C. living ,living D. living , live
5.I used to go to school by bike/why didn’t you take a bus
Take 作动词可表示搭乘（交通工具）
Go to sp by +交通工具=take a/the …to sp.
go to sp. by train =take a/the train to sp.
go to sp. by plane =take a/the plane to sp.
go to sp.by bike =ride a /the bike to sp.
她乘地铁上班。
She goes to work by underground.=She takes an underground to work.
6.it takes sb. some time to do sth.
（1）Take 意为“需要占用花费” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常常用于 “it takes sb some time to do sth” 意思是”做某事花了某人多少时间“。如:
昨天他做作业化了一个小时。It took him an hour to finish his homework
要花多长时间？答曰十分钟。---How long will it take ---About ten minutes.
该句型可以换成：sb + spend +时间+（in）doing sth / on sth .
It took the four children half an hour to finish the job.
=The four children ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )spent half an hour finishing the job. 那四个孩子花了半个小时完成了那项工作。
Reading
Do you know Sunshine Town very well, Mr Chen
know sb /sth well “非常了解某人或某物”如：
Do you know your parents very well 你非常了解你的父母亲吗？
I know the area v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ery well because I have lived here since I was a child.我对这个地方很熟悉，因为我从小就生活在这里。
2. I’ve lived here since I was born..
句子结构：现在完成时+since 引导的时间状语从句。
（1）since 连词“自…以来” 引导时间状语从句，和现在完成时连用，从句中用过去式。如：
We have been friends since we met at school.我们自从学校认识以来就是朋友。
I have written home only once since I came here.自从我来这里就只写过一封家信。
（2）since 介词“自…以来，自从”。常常用于现在完成时，后接过去的一个时间点。（如具体的年月日或钟点）。
He has lived here since 2000.他从2000以来就一直住在这里。
Many things have changed since then. 从那时以来许多事情都变了。
（3）since 作介词，后还可接“时间段+ago” 如：
Haodi has been in China since five years ago.
中考链接：
---How long have you lived here in the new flat --- _____ 2010.
A.In B.After C.Since D.For
3.Have you ever moved house 你曾经搬过家吗？
ever 副词“ 曾经”， 常常用于疑问句中 其答语如是否定常用never 回答如:
---Have you ever been to Tibet 你去过西藏吗？
----No， never. 不。从没有。
This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
4. When I got married in 1965,当我在1965年结婚时，
（1） married 形容词“已婚的， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结婚的”常常用于be动词或get 后作表语。Be/get married (to sb) 表示“与…结婚” 如：
The old couple hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e already been married for fifty years.那年老夫妇已结婚50年了。
She got married to a man from her home town.她和一个同乡结婚了。
（2）marry 动词 “娶，嫁，(与…)结婚”
Will you marry me 你愿意嫁给我吗？
She married a teacher.她嫁给了一个老师。（=She got married to a teacher.）
(3) marry和get marri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed 都是非延续性动作，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若表示结婚已有一段时间，应该用be married. 如：
They have been married for ten years.他们结婚有十年了。
中考链接：Jack ______ to Alice for more than sixty years.
A.has been married B.married C.got married D.has married
5. Has the town changed a lot over the years 那个地区过去几年变化大吗？
(1)Over 作介词，意为“在…期间）其后接一段时间，表示动作持续发生或存在于该时间段，常常用于现在完成时态。
I have stayed in Beijing over the weeks.这几周我一直呆在北京。
Over the years Jay Chou has made many good songs.这些年周杰伦出了很多好歌曲。
(2) over 作介词：在… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上方，Don’t put heavy things over you’re your bed.别把重物放在床上。
（3）over表示数量，意思：多于，超过，
I have over forty s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tamps but I want to collect more.我有四十多张邮票，但是我想收集更多的邮票。
6 Now the government ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has turned part of the town centre into a new park.现在，政府已把镇中心的一部分变成了一个新公园。
turn…into…把…变成，把…翻译成
Water can turn into ice.水可以变成冰。
Will you please turn the sentences into Chinese 请你把这些句子翻译成中文号吗？
拓展：打开turn on ， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )关掉turn off ，移交翻过来turn over ，折回 turn back ，旋转 turn around.
7.Later the government realized the problem 后来政府意识到这个问题。
Realize 动词， 意思是：实现认识到 后直接接宾语。
The villagers didn’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish in the river died.直到河里的鱼都死了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。
She realized her dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eam when she became a college student.她实现了自己的梦想成为了一名大学生。
8.Well in some ways it is.
In some ways “在某种程度，某种方面“
In some ways, our parents are right.在某些方面我们的父母亲是对的。
Way 名词“路，道路，方法，方式”如：
I don’t know the way to the zoo.我不知道去动物园的路。
We worked out the problem in different ways.我们用不同的方法解决了这个问题
Way 的常用短语：
All the way 一路上，一直， this way ,please 这边走。
In different ways,用不同的方法 in the same way 用相同的方法
On one’s way to某人去…的路上 by the way 顺便问一下，
lose one’s way迷路
9. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.现在我时常感到孤独。
（1）lonely 形容词 孤独的，寂寞的，偏僻的
When his wife and two children left him ,he felt very lonely.
当他的妻子和两个小孩离他而去时他很孤独。
This is a lonely mountain village .这是一个偏远的山村。
Alone 形容词或副词
Welcome to the unit
1.Past and present 过去和现在
(1) past 名词，“过去”in t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he past e.g. :We can’t change the past ,but we can try to forget it.我们不能改变过去，但是我们可设法忘掉它。
People lived a hard life in the past .过去人们过着艰苦的生活。
（2）past 形容词，“过去的，昔日的” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e.g. In the past years ,we have built too many houses.在过去的几年里，我们已经建造了太多的房子。
(3) past 副词，“过”额。E.g. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) : A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.一位妇女路过时，看见了事情的发生。
（4）pass 动词 “通 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过，经过，递给”固定结构：pass sb sth= pass sth to sb ”把某物递给某人。E.g. : Can you pass the exam, Tom 汤姆，你能通过考试吗？
（5）present 名词“现在，目前”at present =now(在现在) e..g. :
People live a happy life at present.现在人们过着幸福的生活。
（6）present 名词“礼物”=g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ift e.g.: I received many nice presents at the Spring Festival.
2.It was in the bowl an hour ago.一小时前它还在碗里。
an hour ago 一小时前，只用在一般过去时中。E.g. :
She left thirty minutes ago 它三十分钟前离开了。
3. I’ve just have eaten it .我刚刚吃了它。
（1）主语+have/has +动词的过去分词+其他 （现在完成时） e.g. :
She has finished her homework. 她已完成了作业。
I have seen the film twice. 我已看过那部电影两遍了。
（2）just 可用于现在完成时中，置于动词与助动词之间，意为：刚才 e.g. :
---Where ‘s Jim 吉姆在哪？
---He has just gone out. 他刚刚出去了。
I have just seen Mr Liu in the street.我刚刚在街上看见了刘老师。
（3）just now 刚才，常常用于一般过去时，放在句尾。
--- Did you clean ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the room just now ---Yes, I did.你刚才打扫过房间了吗？是的，打扫过了。
（4）just 还可意为“正好，仅仅，就是”e.g.
She lives just around the corner. 她就住在拐角附近。
4.You used to share food with me! 你过去常常与我分享食物。
(1) Used to 情态动词“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过去常常” 表示过去存在但现在已经不存在的情况或习惯。固定结构：used to do sth 意为“过去常常做某事，过去曾经做某事”没有人称和数的变化。E.g.:
张亮曾经是一名厨师。Zhang Liang used to be a cook.
过去我常常步行上学，现在我乘校车上学。I u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed to go school on foot. Now I go to work by school bus..
他以前是歌手，现在是演员。He used to be a singer. Now he is an actor.
There used to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be a river in front of the gate of your house. 你家门前以前有条河。
(2) be/get used to “ 习惯于，适应于“ to 为介词，后接名词。动词和动名词。如：
I am not used to my new job.我不习惯我的新工作。
She is/gets used to running in the morning.她习惯早上跑步。
招考链接：
He used to _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____ in a small village ,but now he has been used to _____a big city.
A. live, living B.live , live C. living ,living D. living , live
5.I used to go to school by bike/why didn’t you take a bus
Take 作动词可表示搭乘（交通工具）
Go to sp by +交通工具=take a/the …to sp.
go to sp. by train =take a/the train to sp.
go to sp. by plane =take a/the plane to sp.
go to sp.by bike =ride a /the bike to sp.
她乘地铁上班。
She goes to work by underground.=She takes an underground to work.
6.it takes sb. some time to do sth.
（1）Take 意为“需要占用花费” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常常用于 “it takes sb some time to do sth” 意思是”做某事花了某人多少时间“。如:
昨天他做作业化了一个小时。It took him an hour to finish his homework
要花多长时间？答曰十分钟。---How long will it take ---About ten minutes.
该句型可以换成：sb + spend +时间+（in）doing sth / on sth .
It took the four children half an hour to finish the job.
=The four children ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )spent half an hour finishing the job. 那四个孩子花了半个小时完成了那项工作。
Reading
Do you know Sunshine Town very well, Mr Chen
know sb /sth well “非常了解某人或某物”如：
Do you know your parents very well 你非常了解你的父母亲吗？
I know the area v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ery well because I have lived here since I was a child.我对这个地方很熟悉，因为我从小就生活在这里。
2. I’ve lived here since I was born..
句子结构：现在完成时+since 引导的时间状语从句。
（1）since 连词“自…以来” 引导时间状语从句，和现在完成时连用，从句中用过去式。如：
We have been friends since we met at school.我们自从学校认识以来就是朋友。
I have written home only once since I came here.自从我来这里就只写过一封家信。
（2）since 介词“自…以来，自从”。常常用于现在完成时，后接过去的一个时间点。（如具体的年月日或钟点）。
He has lived here since 2000.他从2000以来就一直住在这里。
Many things have changed since then. 从那时以来许多事情都变了。
（3）since 作介词，后还可接“时间段+ago” 如：
Haodi has been in China since five years ago.
中考链接：
---How long have you lived here in the new flat --- _____ 2010.
A.In B.After C.Since D.For
3.Have you ever moved house 你曾经搬过家吗？
ever 副词“ 曾经”， 常常用于疑问句中 其答语如是否定常用never 回答如:
---Have you ever been to Tibet 你去过西藏吗？
----No， never. 不。从没有。
This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
4. When I got married in 1965,当我在1965年结婚时，
（1） married 形容词“已婚的， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结婚的”常常用于be动词或get 后作表语。Be/get married (to sb) 表示“与…结婚” 如：
The old couple hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e already been married for fifty years.那年老夫妇已结婚50年了。
She got married to a man from her home town.她和一个同乡结婚了。
（2）marry 动词 “娶，嫁，(与…)结婚”
Will you marry me 你愿意嫁给我吗？
She married a teacher.她嫁给了一个老师。（=She got married to a teacher.）
(3) marry和get marri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed 都是非延续性动作，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若表示结婚已有一段时间，应该用be married. 如：
They have been married for ten years.他们结婚有十年了。
中考链接：Jack ______ to Alice for more than sixty years.
A.has been married B.married C.got married D.has married
5. Has the town changed a lot over the years 那个地区过去几年变化大吗？
(1)Over 作介词，意为“在…期间）其后接一段时间，表示动作持续发生或存在于该时间段，常常用于现在完成时态。
I have stayed in Beijing over the weeks.这几周我一直呆在北京。
Over the years Jay Chou has made many good songs.这些年周杰伦出了很多好歌曲。
(2) over 作介词：在… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上方，Don’t put heavy things over you’re your bed.别把重物放在床上。
（3）over表示数量，意思：多于，超过，
I have over forty s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tamps but I want to collect more.我有四十多张邮票，但是我想收集更多的邮票。
6 Now the government ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has turned part of the town centre into a new park.现在，政府已把镇中心的一部分变成了一个新公园。
turn…into…把…变成，把…翻译成
Water can turn into ice.水可以变成冰。
Will you please turn the sentences into Chinese 请你把这些句子翻译成中文号吗？
拓展：打开turn on ， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )关掉turn off ，移交翻过来turn over ，折回 turn back ，旋转 turn around.
7.Later the government realized the problem 后来政府意识到这个问题。
Realize 动词， 意思是：实现认识到 后直接接宾语。
The villagers didn’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish in the river died.直到河里的鱼都死了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。
She realized her dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eam when she became a college student.她实现了自己的梦想成为了一名大学生。
8.Well in some ways it is.
In some ways “在某种程度，某种方面“
In some ways, our parents are right.在某些方面我们的父母亲是对的。
Way 名词“路，道路，方法，方式”如：
I don’t know the way to the zoo.我不知道去动物园的路。
We worked out the problem in different ways.我们用不同的方法解决了这个问题
Way 的常用短语：
All the way 一路上，一直， this way ,please 这边走。
In different ways,用不同的方法 in the same way 用相同的方法
On one’s way to某人去…的路上 by the way 顺便问一下，
lose one’s way迷路
9. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.现在我时常感到孤独。
（1）lonely 形容词 孤独的，寂寞的，偏僻的
When his wife and two children left him ,he felt very lonely.
当他的妻子和两个小孩离他而去时他很孤独。
This is a lonely mountain village .这是一个偏远的山村。
Alone 形容词或副词