Unit 1 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．________(暴露)to so many advertisements, we can't help being persuaded to buy something we don't really need.
2．Has the government________(宣布) that they will build a new highway to the mountain?
3．The babies are well________(照顾) in the popular nursery.
4．Finding a solution to this problem is one of the greatest________(挑战)faced byscientists today.
5．He________(结束) his speech with an interesting story.
6．He works in a sports centre i______ people in the use of the gym equipment.
7．The army was well－trained and well－armed, and had little difficulty d______the enemy.
8．The drug is s______of causing over 200 deaths.
9．The doctor is well－known for having c______ some people of the deadly disease.
10．Those who can f______difficulties on their way to success may keep calm when they really appear.
答案：1.Exposed 2.announced 3.attended 4.challenges
5．concluded 6.instructing 7.defeating 8.suspected
9．cured 10.foresee
Ⅱ.选词填空
be exposed to，draw a conclusion，look into，put forward，be absorbed into，be to blame
1．The cream________the skin easily.
2．The idea you________at the meeting yesterday is more practical than his.
3．The public want to know who________for the accident.
4．The doctor examined the patient carefully and then________.
5．The police promised to________the accident.
6．It is very dangerous to________patients with Ebola viruses(埃博拉病毒)without any protection.
答案：1.is absorbed into 2.put forward 3.is to blame 4.drew a conclusion 5.look into 6.be exposed to
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Why did you ________ ________ (提出) such a view at yesterday's meeting?
2．I ________ ________ ________ ________ (正入神地读) this book that I didn't hear you come in.
3．Were you________ ________(注意听)what she was saying?
4．They ________ ________ ________ (得出了不同的结论) from the facts.
5．We must send someone to ________ ________ (调查) the matter.
6．It is a serious illness, but ________ ________ ________ (能被治愈)．
7．________ ________(每次)I catch a cold, I always drink much water.
8．We don't know who is________ ________ ________(负责)the accident.
答案：1.put forward 2.was so absorbed in 3.attending to 4.draw different conclusions 5.look into 6.can be cured 7.Every time 8.to blame for
Ⅳ.完形填空
I recently heard a story about afamous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs(突破)．He was being interviewed by a reporter who asked him__1__he thought he was able to be so much more__2__than the average person.
He responded that it all came from a(n)__3__with his mother that occurred when he was about 2. He had been trying to__4__milk from the fridge when he__5__the slippery(光滑的) bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor.
When his mother came in，__6__shouting at him or giving him a lecture, she said, “Robert，what a great and wonderful__7__you have made! I have__8__seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been__9__. Would you like to get down and__10__in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？”
Indeed, he did.After a few minutes, his mother said, “Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge(海绵), a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer？” He chose the sponge.
His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a__11__experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two__12__hands. Let's go out in the backyard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can__13__.”The little boy learned that if he__14__the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful__15__！
This scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be__16__to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just __17__for learning something new, which is, __18__，what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn't__19__”， we usually learn something__20__from it.
文章大意：一位科学家为什么能够与众不同？这与他母亲的教育有关。两岁时，他把奶瓶掉在地上，牛奶撒了一地，妈妈没有批评他，反而鼓励他尝试如何把瓶子抓好，因为错误往往是学习新知识的良机。妈妈的做法也培养了他勇敢地面对失败、敢于担当的品质。
1．A.why B．what
C．when D．how
答案：A 句意：记者采访他，为什么他认为他能够比一般人更有创造力。代入四个选项可知，why(为什么)符合句意，故选A。
2．A.clever B．able
C．creative D．honest
答案：C 第一句话说了他有几项重要的医学突破，这应该离不开一种创造力。clever“聪明的”；able“有能力的”；creative“有创造力的”；honest“诚实的”，故选C。
3．A.lesson B．experience
C．accident D．conflict
答案：B 句意：他回应道：这完全来自于他两岁时和妈妈在一起的一次经历。根据后面科学家的一段经历可知，B项符合句意。lesson“教训”；experience“经历”；accident“事故”；conflict“冲突”。
4．A.carry B．bring
C．remove D．fetch
答案：C 句意：他一直尽力把牛奶从冰箱里拿出来，此时瓶子从手中滑落。carry“携带”；bring“带来”；remove“移动”；fetch“取来”。remove...from是固定搭配，意思是“从……地方拿走/移开”，故选C。
5．A.fell B．lost
C．escaped D．dropped
答案：D 根据后文语境“he could carry it without dropping it”可知，他把瓶子掉到地上了。故选D。drop与fall两者都可表示“掉，落”，区别如下：fall表示“落下”，多指无意识的行为，有自然坠落之意，且通常是不及物动词；drop既可指无意的行为，即表示“落下(不及物)”，也可指有意的行为，即表示“投下(及物)”。
6．A.rather than B．instead of
C．other than D．in place of
答案：B 妈妈没有因为奶瓶掉了，牛奶撒了一地而对他喊叫或者讲一番道理。rather than“而不是”；instead of“代替，而不是”；other than“除了，不同于”；in place of“人或物替代其他人或物”。
7．A.picture B．mass
C．map D．mess
答案：D 句意：你弄得可真够乱的。下文妈妈提到“make a mess”。make a mess是固定搭配，意思是“搞得乱七八糟”。故选D。picture“照片”；mass“团，块”；map“地图”；mess“脏乱；混乱”。
8．A.rarely B．happily
C．frequently D．angrily
答案：A 句意：“我”很少见到这么一大摊牛奶。rarely“很少地”；happily“高兴地”；frequently“经常地”；angrily“生气地”。
9．A.got B．suffered
C．done D．received
答案：C 句意：既然已经造成了损害。suffer“遭受”；do damage是固定搭配，意为“损害”，这里用了被动形式，故选C。
10．A.jump B．play
C．enjoy D．lay
答案：B 句意：你愿意在牛奶中玩一会儿然后我们再收拾干净吗？jump“跳”，play“玩”；enjoy“喜欢”；lay“放置”。get down and play 相当于get down to playing，故选B。
11．A.failed B．successful
C．fantastic D．painful
答案：A 他把奶瓶掉在地上，所以应该说是一次失败的经历。failed“失败的”；successful“成功的”；fantastic“不可思议的”；painful“痛苦的”，故选A。
12．A.strong B．tiny
C．thin D．weak
答案：B 前文提到他当时只有两岁，所以他的手应该是小的：tiny“小的”。故选B。strong“强壮的”；thin“瘦的”；weak“弱的”。
13．A.get it B．put it
C．try it D．make it
答案：D 句意：咱们到院子里，把瓶子里装满水，看看你能不能做好。get it“明白了”；put it“放”；try it“试试看”，make it“成功”。
14．A.controlled B．possessed
C．broke D．grasped
答案：D 句意：小男孩学会了如果他两只手抓住上边靠近瓶口的地方，他就可以抓住奶瓶不掉落了。control“控制”；possess“拥有”；break“打碎”；grasp“掌握，抓住”，故选D。
15．A.example B．teaching
C．lesson D．instruction
答案：C 通过自己亲手做让孩子知道怎么做，这一课上得很精彩。example“例子”；teaching“教学”；lesson“课，教训”；instruction“命令；指示”，故选C。
16．A.anxious B．nervous
C．fearful D．afraid
答案：D 句意：科学家在那一刻也明白了他不必害怕犯错误。anxious“焦虑的”；nervous“紧张的”；fearful“可怕的”；afraid“害怕的”。固定短语be afraid to do sth.意为“不敢做某事”，故选D。
17．A.situations B．opportunities
C．times D．turns
答案：B 句意：他懂得了错误只是他学习新东西的机会。situation“局面”；opportunity“机会”；time“时代，次数”；turn“转弯”，故选B。
18．A.after all B．above all
C．first of all D．in all
答案：A 句意：通过以上的经历，科学家的感受是：科学实验终究是试验一个又一个的错误。after all“毕竟；终究”；above all“最重要的是”；first of all“首先；第一”；in all“总共；合计”。
19．A.do B．finish
C．go D．work
答案：D 句意：即使实验不成功，我们通常也可以学到有价值的东西。work“工作；起作用”，故选D。do“做”；finish“完成”；go“去；前往”。
20．A.worthy B．costly
C．valuable D．interesting
答案：C 句意：即使实验不成功，我们通常也可以学到有价值的东西。worthy“值得的”；costly“昂贵的”；valuable“贵重的，有价值的”；interesting“有趣的”，故选C。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist, invented “pasteurization”．In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major center for wine and beer－making, and some of the local wine－makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh.At that time, it was believed that food and drinks went “bad” because of a purely chemical process (变化过程). But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物) caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer, the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母)that caused the fermentation(发酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air，and that they would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.
The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows' milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle－fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(婴儿腹泻) and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. Thissimple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.
文章大意： 本文主要介绍了法国人路易斯·巴斯德通过实验，探索出巴氏杀菌法的过程，以及这一方法对食品储存保鲜方面作出的巨大贡献。
1．Pasteur became________in 1854.
A．the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille
B．the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille
C．the general manager of a large beer－making company
D．the president of the University of Lille
答案：A 细节理解题。从第一段第二句话“In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille...”一句可知答案。
2．According to the passage，Lille was a major center for________in the mid－19th century.
A．growing grain crops
B．making beer and wine
C．doing chemical research
D．producing various kinds of yeasts
答案：B 细节理解题。从第一段中第三句话“Lille was a major center for wine and beer－making, and some of the local wine－makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh.”可知答案
3．In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, the underlined word “they” refers to________.
A．wine and beer B． food and drinks
C．the various yeasts D．other organisms
答案：B 词义指代题。从第一段最后一句话可知they指的是food and drinks。
4．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat Pasteur's discovery________.
A．is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products
B．did not bring much profit to the wine－makers in Lille
C．has done a lot of good to children in the world
D．has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world
答案：C 推理判断题。短文的最后一段讲述了在1900年巴斯德所发明的防止食物和酒变质的方法广泛应用于儿童所饮用的瓶装牛奶，使世界上成千上万的儿童免于死亡。
Ⅵ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Forgiveness
To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.
__1__Try the following steps：
Calm yourself.__2__You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.
Don't wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. __3__Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.
Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者). Rethinking about you hurt gives power to the person who causes you pain. Instead of focusing on your mounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.
__4__If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.
Don't forget to forgive yourself.__5__But it can rob you of your self－confidence if you don't do it.
A．Why should you forgive?
B．How should you start to forgive?
C．Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.
D．Try to see things from your offender's angle.
E．For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F．To make your anger die away, try a simple stress－management technique.
G．If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.
答案：1—5 BFGDE
课件168张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修5 Great ScientistsUnit 1Section Ⅰ Warming up；Pre－reading, Reading & ComprehendingⅠ.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？
1．根据要求写出下列单词
(1)_____________ (n.)特征；特性
(2)________ (vt.)打败；战胜；使受挫 (n.)失败
(3)________ (vt.)照顾；护理；出席；参加
(4)________ (vt.)暴露；揭露；使曝光
(5)________ (n.)治愈；痊愈 (vt.)治愈；治疗
(6)________ (n.)挑战 (vt.)向……挑战
(7)________ (vt.)吸收；吸引；使专心
(8)________ (vt.)认为；怀疑 (n.)被怀疑者；嫌疑犯characteristic
defeat
attend
expose
cure
challenge
absorb
suspect(9)________ (vt.)预见；预知
(10)________ (vt.)责备；谴责 (n.)过失；责备
(11)________ (n.)柄；把手 (vt.)处理；操纵
(12)scientific (adj.)科学的→________ (n.)科学
(13)conclude (vt. & vi.)结束；推断出→____________ (n.)结论；结束
(14)pollute (vt.)污染；弄脏→________ (n.)污染
(15)announce (vt.)宣布；通告→______________ (n.)宣布；通告
(16)________ (vt.)命令；指示；教导→instruction (n.)命令；指示foresee blame handle science conclusion pollution announcement instruct
2．短语互译
(1)____________ 提出
(2)____________________ 得出结论
(3)expose...to ________________
(4)be to blame ____________
(5)link...to... _____________________________put forward draw a conclusion 使显露；暴露 应受责备 将……和……联系或连接起来 Ⅱ.重点句式
1．________its cause ________its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
2．So many thousands of terrified people died ____________ there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。Neithernorevery timeⅢ.根据课文内容补全短文
John Snow was a famous doctor in London. In his time, cholera was the 1.________disease. So John Snow made up his mind to help ordinary people 2.________to cholera. At that time, no one knew its cause or 3.________.He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. He thought people got attacked by this disease 4.________into their bodies. He tried to prove this.So when another outbreak hit London in 1854，he5.________information and madea map，marking where all the dead people had lived. It was valuable. And finally he 6.________that the water was to blame.Then John Snow looked into the 7.________of the water.He found two other deaths were 8.________to the polluted water. So he wasableto announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To 9.________this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies didn't expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was 10.________1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案：1.deadly 2.exposed 3.cure 4.absorbed 5.gathered 6.concluded 7.source 8.linked 9.prevent 10.defeated 1.discover v. 发现；发觉
①Columbus discovered America in 1492.
哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲大陆。
②Did you ever discover who sent you the flowers?
你到底有没有弄清楚是谁送花给你？比较网站
discover，invent，create活学活用
用invent，discover或create的适当形式填空
(1)Gilbert ________ electricity, but Edison ________ the light bulb.
(2)Shakespeare ________ many tragedy characters in his plays.
(3)She never ________ how to open the little box.
答案：(1)discovered；invented (2)created (3)discovered2．characteristic n. & adj.
(1)n. 特征；特性
Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?
谁利用豌豆来展示身体特征是怎样从父母传给他们的孩子的？
Honesty is one of his characteristics.
诚实是他的特点之一。(2)adj. (of)特有的，典型的
She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.
她说话带着特有的热情。
The vase is characteristic of the 16th century Chinese art.
这只花瓶是16世纪中国艺术的典型代表。characteristically adv.特有地
characterize v．是……的特征，以……为典型，使……具有特点
character n．品质；特点，特性；人物知识拓展Characteristically, she paid for everyone.
按照她惯常的做法，她为每一个人付了钱。比较网站
characteristic, feature, character
以上各词均有“特色，特征”的含义。
(1)characteristic指“特殊的、易于辨认的特性或特征”；即：某人或某物天生有别于他人或他物的内部特质或外表特征。
①A useful characteristic of the car is its ability to see in the dark.
这种汽车的一个有利特点是在黑暗中能看清东西。②A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.
骆驼的特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。
(2)feature指“引人注意的显著特征或细节”，多用来说明人的容貌特征或地理特征。
①Teamwork is a key feature of the training programme.
团队合作是这项训练计划的重要特色。
②His eyes are his most striking feature.
他面部最突出的部分是那双眼睛。
(3)character多指一类人或事物所具有的独特的典型的特征。
①He has a strong but gentle character.
他有坚强但温柔的性格。
②The new buildings have changed the character of the village.
新建筑改变了这个村庄的特点。活学活用
用恰当形式填空
Apart from blue eyes, blonde hair is also ________ (character)of Swedish people.
答案：characteristic be characteristic of为固定用法，意思是“是……的特点，是……特有的”。句意为“除了蓝眼睛外，金发也是瑞典人的特点”。3．conclusion n.结论
①According to the result, I draw a conclusion that she doesn't work hard enough.
根据结果我得出结论：她工作还不够努力。
②We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。reach/make/draw/arrive at/come to a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion最后，总之
bring sth. to a conclusion使……结束
lead to a conclusion得出结论
jump/leap to conclusions匆忙下结论
conclude vt.&vi.结束；得出结论；断定知识拓展①They came to the conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.
他们断定是小偷偷走了他们的钻石项链。
②In conclusion, I think there is hope for the future.
总之，我认为将来还有希望。
③We will conclude our concert with the National Anthem.
我们将以国歌结束我们的音乐会。
④From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.
从证据看，我敢断定你错了。活学活用
(1)用恰当形式填空
After two years' talk, the two countries finally came to a(n) ________(conclude)that they should give up their prejudice and work together for their peaceful development.
答案：conclusion come to a conclusion意为“得出结论”。句意：经过两年的会谈之后，那两个国家最后达成共识，他们应该放弃他们的偏见，为了他们的和平发展而共同奋斗。(2)用恰当介词填空
________conclusion, I would like to say a few words to those who have worked so hard to bring about this good result. Thank you all.
答案：In 句意：最后，我想对那些努力工作而带来这个好结果的人说几句话。谢谢你们所有的人。考查介词短语。根据句意可判断，这是演讲即将结束时表示感谢的话，所以用in conclusion。4．analyse vt.分析，剖析
①We analysed the causes of our failure.
我们分析了失败的原因。
②By analysing the parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.
通过分析句子成分我们就能了解更多的英语语法知识。
③He tried to analyse his feelings.
他试图分析自己的感情。
注意：analyse是英式英语的写法，美式英语中写作analyze。①You can ask for a chemical analysis of your tap water.
你可以要求给你的自来水作化学分析。
②In the final analysis, it's a matter of personal choice.
归根结底，这是个人的选择。analysis n．分析；(成分)分析 (pl.)analyses
in the last/final analysis总之，归根结底知识拓展活学活用
补全句子
对这个问题，我们要抓紧调查研究，作出正确的分析。
We must investigate andstudy this question right away and________________________.
答案：analyse it correctly5．infectious adj.
(1)传染的，感染的
What do you know about the infectious diseases?
关于这些传染疾病你知道什么？
(2)(情感、笑声等)极富感染力的
He expressed infectious enthusiasm to his voters.
他对他的选民表现出了很有感染力的热情。infect v. 感染，传染
infected adj. 受到感染的
infection n. 感染
infectiously adv.感染地
highly infectious 极强传染性的
be infected with...感染上……知识拓展The young teacher infected the whole class with her enthusiasm.
这位年轻的老师以她的热忱感染了全班。活学活用
用恰当形式填空
________(infect)by the teacher, the students studied more carefully.
答案：Infected 过去分词短语作原因状语。句意：被老师所感染，学生们学习更加仔细认真。6．defeat
(1)v.打败；战胜；使受挫
The army was well－trained and well－armed, and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.
这支部队装备精良而且又受过良好的训练，打败敌人没有困难。
Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome, she never let her problems defeat her.
虽然有许多困难要克服，但她从不让困难打败自己。(2)n.失败
Tom suffered defeat in the English examination.
汤姆英语考试失败了。
比较网站
win/defeat/beat①Hard work won him the first prize in the music competition.
艰苦努力使他在这场音乐比赛中获得了一等奖。
②We beat their team by 10 points.
我们以10分的优势战胜了他们队。
③The Americans defeated the British in 1781.
美国人在1781年打败了英国人。活学活用
(1)选词填空
No difficulty could ________(win/defeat)this brave man since he is so confident and capable.
答案：defeat 根据句意可知此人勇敢、自信、有能力，所以可以推断出他肯定不会被困难“打垮，打败(defeat)”。而win一般表示“赢得(比赛项目或奖励)”，不符合语境。(2)完成句子
①我肯定红队会赢得比赛。
I'm sure the red team will________the game.
②最终，暴风雨逐渐减弱，金色的海浪不断拍打着平静的海岸。
The storm died away at last with the golden waves ________ the sea shore in peace.
答案：①win ②beating7．attend v.
(1)看护，照顾
There was no one to attend him but Tian.
除了Tian外，没有人照顾他。
(2)出席，参加
Will you attend the wedding ceremony tomorrow?
你要参加明天的结婚典礼吗？
(3)经常去，定期去(某处)
Our children attend the same school.
我们的孩子上同一所学校。
注意：作“照顾，护理”讲时，可用attend，也可用attend on/upon；作“出席，参加”讲时，attend多作及物动词。图解助记
多义：attend[at－(ad－，向)＋tend(伸)]原义“伸向”：心向着某人或某事为“注意，照顾”；脚步向着某一地方为“出席，参加”。attendance n．出席，到场；出席人数；照顾，护理
attendant n．服务人员，侍者 adj.伴随的知识拓展比较网站
attend, join, join in, take part inI attended the meeting at which some Young Pioneers were accepted to join the League, all of whom made up their minds to take an active part in school activities and entered the coming round－the－city race.
我参加了少先队员的入队宣誓大会。大家都决心积极参加学校各项活动，并报名参加了即将举办的环城赛跑。活学活用
(1)用恰当形式填空
It is the most instructive lecture that I________(attend)since I came to this school.
答案：have attended 句意：这是自从我到这所学校以来听过的最有启发性的讲座。本题考查在特定语境中正确使用时态的能力。根据主句的谓语动词is和从句since I came to this school可以判断空格部分应用现在完成时。
(2)用attend，join，join in，take part in完成句子
①I'll persuade him to________our club.
②Will you________the English Evening?
③Would you________us ________the discussion?
④Did you________Mary's wedding?
答案：①join ②take part in ③join；in ④attend8．expose v.
(1)暴露，显露，露出
Their scheme was exposed.
他们的阴谋暴露了。
(2)揭露，揭穿
Lu Xun exposed the evil of the old society in his works.
鲁迅在他的作品中揭露了旧社会的罪恶。
(3)expose sb. to sth.使接触，使体验
The student has been exposed to English for some six years.
这个学生接触英语六年左右了。
(4)expose sb./sth./oneself(to sth.)使面临，使遭受(危险或不快)
Do not expose your babies to strong sunlight.
不要让婴儿受到强烈的日光照射。图解助记She was left feeling exposed and vulnerable.
她感到自己孤立无助，非常脆弱。
注意：expose的过去分词用作状语时，强调主句的主语处于无遮蔽的状态，相当于“主语＋be＋exposed to sth.”。exposed adj.暴露的，无遮蔽的；无保护的知识拓展活学活用
用恰当形式填空
(1)(2015·湖南长郡中学月考)The radiation amount of a mobile phone for two half－hour periods per day is equal to ________(expose) to an X－ray for ten seconds.
答案：being exposed 句意：一部手机每天接触两次，每次半小时的辐射量相当于照射X射线10秒钟的辐射量。考查非谓语动词。be equal to中to为介词，故空格上填动名词形式。expose为及物动词，根据be exposed to(暴露于……)可知答案。(2)When ________(expose ) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure，________( feel) nervous and anxious.
答案：exposed；feeling 句意：人在面对危险和冲突时，往往会血压升高，感到紧张、焦虑。考查非谓语动词。expose为及物动词，时间状语从句的完整结构为When they are exposed to danger and conflict，根据省略规则可知省去从句的主语和be动词，故第一空填exposed；第二空在句中作伴随状语，主语与feel之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式。9．cure
(1)n.治愈，痊愈
①Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道其起因，也不知道其治疗方法。
②There is no cure for AIDS at present.
目前仍没有治愈艾滋病的良药。
(2)vt.治愈，治疗
①I'm sure the pure girl's wound will be cured.
我确定这个纯洁的女孩的伤会被治愈的。
②That fatal disease can't be cured.
那种致命的疾病治不好。①The doctors cured her of cancer.
医生治好了她的癌症。
②She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.
她想尽一切办法试图改掉她孩子的这个恶习。cure sb. of＋疾病名称 治愈某人的疾病
cure sb. of＋不良行为 矫正某人的不良行为知识拓展比较网站
cure，treat，heal，recover
这些动词都有“治疗，医治”之意，但是cure主要指治愈疾病；treat指接收并诊治病人，只强调过程，不强调结果是否“痊愈”；heal侧重指治愈伤口、伤痛，如灼伤等；recover意为“痊愈，复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。
①90% of patients can be cured of the disease.
90%的患有这种疾病的人都可以痊愈。②As soon as he was sent to the hospital, the doctors began to treat his disease.
他一被送到医院，医生们就开始治疗他的疾病了。
③It took three months for my arm to heal properly.
我胳膊上的伤口过了三个月才愈合。
④He's now fully recovered from his bad cold.
他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。
活学活用
(1)用treat或cure的恰当形式填空
—Has the doctor ________the old woman of her illness?
—No, he ________ her but didn't ________her.
答案：cured；treated；cure(2)用恰当介词填空
(2015·福建四地六校月考)His son is very naughty and has formed some bad habits.I think he should cure him________them.
答案：of 句意：他儿子很淘气，养成了一些坏习惯。我认为他应该矫正他的这些坏习惯。cure sb.of sth.矫正某人的不良行为；治愈某人某疾病。10．challenge
(1)v.向……挑战
I challenged him to a game of chess.
我向他挑战下象棋。
(2)n.挑战
The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.
这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。face a challenge 面临挑战
meet a challenge 迎接挑战
challenge sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事
challenging adj. 具有挑战性的知识拓展活学活用
用恰当词语填空
H7N9 control and prevention is________challenge to China as well as the whole world.
答案：a 句意：H7N9的控制和预防对于中国和全世界都是一个挑战。考查冠词。challenge在句中为可数名词，根据语境可知此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。11．absorb v.
(1)吸收(液体、气体等)
Aspirin is quickly absorbed into the body.
阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了。
(2)使并入，吞并，同化
The surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city.
周围的村庄已经并入了那不断扩展的城市。(3)理解，掌握
Children absorb knowledge quickly.
孩子接受知识快。
(4)吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注
This work had absorbed him for several years.
这项工作曾使他沉迷了好几年。①He was absorbed in writing a letter and didn't even look up when I came in.
他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。
②The novel was so absorbing that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.
这本小说非常引人入胜，她一口气读了下去，甚至废寝忘食。absorbed adj.集中精神的
absorbing adj.引人入胜的
be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心致志于知识拓展活学活用
(1)用恰当介词填空
The writer was so absorbed ________ his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.
答案：in 句意：作家全神贯注地进行写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。be absorbed in为固定搭配，意思是“全神贯注于”。(2)用恰当形式填空
①When deeply________(absorb)in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
②________(absorb)in his online games，I am afraid，may lead to his failure in this midterm exam.
答案：①absorbed 句意：当他集中精力工作时，他总是废寝忘食，这种情况时常发生。考查非谓语动词。be absorbed in全神贯注于，when后省略主语和be动词，完整结构为When he was deeply absorbed in work。
②Being absorbed 句意：恐怕沉迷于网络游戏会导致他这次期中考试的失败。考查非谓语动词。be absorbed in...专心于……；设空处作主语，故用动名词的被动形式。12．severe adj.
(1)severe (on/with sb.)严厉的，重的
I think you are too severe on the boy.
我认为你对那个男孩子太严厉了。
(2)十分严重的
There is severe shortage of fuel.
燃料严重短缺。
(3)严厉的，苛刻的
His severe look frightened me.
他严厉的表情使我恐慌。(4)艰难的，艰巨的，难度很大的
The pace of the race was too severe to be maintained for long.
比赛的速度极快，很难持久。
活学活用
(1)用恰当介词填空
We must not be too severe________her. After all, she is still a child.
答案：on 句意：我们对她千万不要太严厉。她毕竟还是个孩子。severe用于人时表示“严格的；严厉的”，常用于be severe on sb.搭配，符合题意。(2)选词填空
Mankind is facing ________(severe/crazy)challenges in the seeking of development because of energy and food shortage and poverty.
答案：severe 句意：因为能源、食物短缺和贫困，人类在追求发展的同时面临严峻挑战。severe“严重的；严峻的”，符合题意。crazy“疯狂的”。13．blame
(1)vt.责备，谴责
①Don't blame me for that; it's not my fault.
不要因为那件事责怪我，那不是我的错。
②He always blamed that fault on me.
他总是把那个错归咎在我身上。
(2)n.过失，责备
Why do you always put/lay the blame for everything that goes wrong on me?
为什么一有事你总认为是我的过失？知识拓展
(1)be to blame(for sth.)对(坏事)负有责任
Which driver was to blame for the accident?
这事故是哪个司机的责任？
(2)bear/take/accept/get the blame(for sth.)(对某事)承担责任
The government will have to take the blame for the riots.
政府将不得不对骚乱承担责任。
(3)lay/put the blame(for sth.)on sb.＝blame sb. for sth.把某事归咎于某人
We shouldn't lay the blame for our failure on him.
我们不应该把失败归咎于他。比较网站
blame，scold①When he arrived late, Mr. Drake blamed the bad traffic.
由于德雷克迟到了，他抱怨糟糕的交通。
②He was scolded for being lazy.
他因懒惰而受到斥责。活学活用
用恰当形式填空
(1)Some experts believe it is the grandparents who are ________ (blame) for the spoiled children.
答案：to blame 句意：有些专家认为孩子们被宠坏了是(外)祖父母的责任。本句中的宾语从句为强调句型，被强调部分为the grandparents，be to blame for sth.为固定短语，意为“应为某事承担责任；该为某事受责备”。(2)I feel it is you rather than the boy who ________ (blame) for being late for the speech.
答案：are to blame 句意：我觉得你应该对演讲迟到负责，而不是那个男孩儿。考查主谓一致和固定结构。本句中feel后的宾语从句为强调句型，you是主语，根据feel和is可知此处为一般现在时态。be to blame for sth.为某事而承担责任。14．pollute vt.污染，弄脏
①He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.
他发现它(水源)来自被伦敦的污水污染的河流。
②The river has been polluted by factory waste.
这条河已被工厂废料所污染。pollution n．污染；玷污
polluter n．污染者；污染源知识拓展She was shocked by all the pollution on the beach.
她对海滩上的污染感到震惊。活学活用
用恰当形式填空
Parents are afraid that their children's minds will ______(pollute)with the violence that they see on television.
答案：be polluted 句意为“父母担心电视上的暴力行为会对孩子产生精神上的污染”。pollute“污染，弄脏”。根据句意，应填被动语态形式。15．handle
(1)v.处理；操纵
①He refused to allow his secreatary to handle confidential letters.
他不让秘书处理机密文件。
②His wise father knows how to handle him.
他睿智的父亲知道如何管教他。(2)n.柄；把手
①Hold on to the handle, or you might fall off.
抓紧把手，不然你就会掉下去。
②She turned the handle and opened the door.
她转动把手，打开了门。①I can't get a handle on these sales figures.
我真搞不懂这些销售数字。
②I was finally given a handle on the true nature of the problem.
最终我能够理解这个问题的实质。get/have a handle on sb./sth.弄懂，理解，搞明白
give sb. a handle (on sth.)(使)弄懂，理解，明白知识拓展活学活用
选词填空
As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ________ (handle/face)the problem.
答案：handle handle“处理；解决”；face“面对；面临”。句意：因为这儿没有人知道机器出了什么故障，所以我们必须去请一位工程师来解决这个问题。根据句意应选handle。16．link
(1)vt.连接；联系
①The highway link Shanghai to/with Beijing.
这条公路连接着上海和北京。
②The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接起来。
(2)n.环；连接；联系；纽带
①A lot of links fitted together form a chain.
许多链环连在一起组成链条。
②One link broken, the whole chain is broken.
一环脱，全链断。图解助记比较网站
join，connect，combine
(1)join指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有“还能分开”之意，常用结构join...to，join up。
(2)connect指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持着，常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运，常用结构connect...with/to。(3)combine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变，但也可能失去其本性，常用结构combine...with。
①Please join this pole to that one.
请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。
②This flight connects with the New York one.
这班飞机在纽约可接上另一趟航班。
③We should combine theory with practice.
我们应该理论联系实际。活学活用
用恰当形式填空
(1)A direct air route________(link)Chongqing and San Francisco is expected to open next month.
答案：linking 句意：从重庆直飞旧金山的航班有望在下个月开通。考查非谓语动词。link...and...意为“连接……和……”，设空处作后置定语，且air route与link之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词形式。
(2)Television stations around the world________(link)by satellite.
答案：are linked 句意：全世界的电视台通过卫星联系在一起。link为及物动词，根据语境可知此处应该用被动语态。17．announce v．宣布；通告
①The government announced the plan to the media yesterday.
昨天政府向媒体宣布了其计划。
②The bright flowers and warm winds announced that spring was here.
鲜艳的花朵和暖和的风已表明春天到来了。announcement n．(一项)公告，布告，通告；(指行动)宣布，宣告
①The government's announcement is seen as a move towards settling the strike.
政府的通告已被视为迈向解决罢工问题的一步。
②Our cook's sudden announcement that she was leaving took us quite by surprise.
我们的厨师突然说要离去，这使我们非常惊奇。知识拓展比较网站
announce，declare①The government announced that all the war prisoners would be set free.
政府宣布将所有的战俘释放。
②I declared at the meeting that I did not support him.
我在会上声明我不支持他。活学活用
(1)用恰当形式填空
(2015·江苏盐城模拟)Chinese scientists ________ (announce) on Tuesday that they had invented a low－cost welding robot，which can help improve welding efficiency for small factories.
答案：announced 句意：周二，中国科学家宣布他们已经发明了一种低成本的焊接机器人，这可以为小工厂提高焊接效率。考查动词时态。根据时间状语on Tuesday可知用一般过去时。
(2)补全句子
你知道二战期间英国是什么时候对德国宣战的吗？
Do you know when Britain________war ________ Germany during the Second World War?
答案：declared；on18．instruct v.
(1)命令；指示；教导
①The young should not instruct their elders.
年轻人不应该对老年人发号施令。
②Greater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.
在指导儿童交通安全方面需要更大的努力。
注意：instruct作“命令；吩咐；指令”讲时，后面的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。(2)通知，告知
①I instructed my lawyer that I wanted to sell the house.
我通知我的律师我想卖掉这所房子。
②We are instructed by our clients that you owe them ￡300.
我们的委托人通知我们说你欠他们300英镑。知识拓展
(1)instruction n．[C，常pl.]指导；指令；操作指南
①They had carried out my instructions to the letter.
他们严格地按我的指示把事办了。
②The instructions for assembling the toy are very clear.
如何组装玩具的说明非常清楚明了。
(2)instructor教练；导师；大学讲师
①The driving instructor told me to pull up at the post office.
驾驶教练让我在邮局停车。
②The college jumped him from instructor to full professor.
大学突然把他从讲师提升为正教授。活学活用
用恰当形式填空
(1)The college will need an additional teacher ______ (instruct) boys in cooking.
答案：to instruct 句意：这所学院还需要一名老师教授这些男孩子烹饪知识。instruct“教导”。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。(2)The medicine，if taken according to the ________ (instruct)，will surely do a great deal of good to your husband.
答案：instructions 句意：如果按照说明来服用这种药，肯定会对你的丈夫有很多好处。考查名词。根据句意可知，此处用名词形式，表示“说明”，此时常用复数形式。19．suspect
(1)vt.怀疑；认为
①Never employ the man you suspect, nor suspect the man you employ.
[谚语]疑人不用，用人不疑。
②What makes you suspect him of stealing the money?
你凭什么怀疑钱是他偷的？
知识拓展(a)I suspect him of the thief.＝
(b)I suspect him to be the thief.＝
(c)I suspect that he is the thief.
我怀疑他就是那个小偷。
(2)n. [C]嫌疑犯
He is a prime suspect in the murder case.
他是这次谋杀案的主要怀疑对象。活学活用
(1)补全句子
没人想和那个被怀疑偷了钱的男孩儿做朋友。
Nobody wants to make friends with the boy______ ________ ________________ ________.
答案：suspected of having stolen money
(2)用恰当词语填空
The man，suspected________having stolen the jewels from the shop，was missing last night，although he was watched over by the police.
答案：of 句意：被怀疑盗取商店珠宝的那个人昨晚失踪了，尽管有警察监视。考查介词。suspect sb.of doing sth.怀疑某人做了某事。1.know about sb./sth. 知道关于……的情况；知道，了解
①I feel that I know about the value of my own work.
我觉得我知道自己工作的价值。
②If someone in the classroom has AIDS, does the teacher know about it?
如果班里有人患了艾滋病，会让老师了解这一情况吗？know of sb./sth.表示“知道有……”，暗指通过他人间接地了解
know sb./sth. as sth.将……称作；把……叫做
be known/famous for 因……而出名
be known as 以……著称，闻名知识拓展①I know of a shop where you can get the things cheaper.
我听说有一家商店，那儿的东西较便宜。
②The drug is commonly known as Ecstasy.
这种致幻药通常叫做摇头丸。
③It is well known for its lead mines.
它因有铅矿而非常出名。
④He is known as a successful architect.
他以成功的建筑师闻名。
活学活用
用know或know about的恰当形式填空
I don't________ him but I________ him, so I can tell you something.
答案：know; know about2．put forward提出，提议；拨快(时钟等)；把……提前
①She put forward a good plan at the meeting.
她在会议上提出了一个好计划。
②Put your watch forward; you are five minutes slow.
把你的手表往前拨；你的表慢了5分钟。
图解助记put...away把……收拾好
put(...) down平息(叛乱等)
put off推迟；除去，消除
put on穿上(衣服)
put out扑灭(火)；关灯；发表
put through接通(电话)
put up挂起；张贴
put up with忍受知识拓展活学活用
(1)完成句子
(真题改编)At the last moment, Tom decided to ______________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (添加一个新人物)make the story seem more likely.
答案：put in a new character to(2)用put短语的恰当形式填空
①Not everybody attending the meeting agreed to the suggestion put________by the chairman.
②Mary couldn't put up________the terrible working conditions in that factory and resigned last week.
答案：①forward 句意：并非出席大会的每个人都同意主席提出的建议。考查动词短语。put forward提出，符合语境。
②with 句意：玛丽无法忍受那家工厂恶劣的工作环境，上周她辞职了。考查动词短语。put up with忍受；忍耐。3．look into
(1)调查，审查
①Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.
另外，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。
②His disappearance is being looked into by the police.
警察正在调查他失踪一事。(2)向……的里面看
①He looked into the box but found nothing.
他往盒子里看了看，但什么也没发现。
②The girl stood on a chair, looking into the room.
那女孩站在椅子上向屋里看。
(3)浏览
I usually look into the book before deciding whether to read it.
我通常先把书浏览一下才决定是否看它。look on 观看，面向，旁观，看待
look over 从……上面看，察看，检查
look round 环顾，观光，察看
look through 看穿，审核，浏览，温习，从……中显露
look up 向上看，尊敬，仰望，查寻
look up and down 仔细打量(某人)
look up to 尊敬，仰望
look out 当心，留神，看守
look after 目送，寻求，照顾，关心
look back 回顾，倒退知识拓展活学活用
用look短语填空
(1)They have________the cause of the accident, but the result is still not known to us.
答案：looked into
(2)—Look________！The light is still on.
—It doesn't matter.I wear rubber gloves.
答案：out
(3)I often ________the words I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet.
答案：look up4．die of/from因……而死
①His mother died of/from lung cancer.
他母亲死于肺癌。
②The old woman died of grief after her only son's death.
这位老女人在她唯一的儿子死后悲痛致死。比较网站
die of与die from
二者都表示“因……而死”。Many old people die from air pollution in winter.
许多老人在冬季死于空气污染。die out 绝种，灭绝
die away 渐渐消失或消逝，淡化
die down 逐渐减弱，降低，察觉不到
die off 相继死去，先后死去
be dying for sth./to do sth. 渴望，极想做某事知识拓展
活学活用
用恰当形式填空
The noise of the train died________in the dark night.
答案：away1.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?
谁写了一本书，解释动植物是怎样随着环境变化而进化的？
(1)explaining how...是分词作定语，修饰book，相当于一个定语从句：which explained how...
①There was a letter on the door saying“wait for you at the school gate at 7∶30 tonight”．
门上有张纸条，写着“今晚7∶30在校门口等你”。②Do you know the old man standing over there?
你认识站在那儿的那个老头吗？
(2)as the environment changed 意为“随着环境的变化”。
注意as作连词的用法：
①像，如同；同等的程度或数量，常与副词so, as组成so/as...as。
The situation is not so bad as you suggest.
情形不像你说的那样糟。②以同样方式，以同样方法
Think as I think.
像我这样去想。
③同时；当……时候
I slipped on the ice as I ran home.
我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。
④由于，因为
I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.
我睡得早，因为我筋疲力尽了。
⑤虽然；尽管，引导让步状语从句(形容词、副词、动词等放在句首，而as置于其后)
Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.
这次意外虽然显得令人不可思议，却没有人受伤。活学活用
(1)真题改编
The room is empty except for a bookshelf ________(stand)in one corner.
答案：standing 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：除了站立在一个角落的书架之外，这个屋子是空的。此处是非谓语动词作定语，与所修饰的词bookshelf之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。(2)用恰当词语填空
Hot ________the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
答案：as/though 句意：虽然晚上很热，但因长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。as“虽然”，引导让步状语从句时，要将表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。空格处也可以填though，但不能填although。2．Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?
谁发明了使矿工在地下安全工作的矿灯？
keep miners safe是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。在此结构中，用作宾补的结构除了形容词以外，还有现在分词、过去分词、介词短语以及副词。注意：在此结构中不采用不定式(短语)。keep表示“保持或继续处于……的状态”。
①These toys will help to keep the baby amused.
这些玩具能让这个婴儿一直很快乐。(过去分词)②Sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起，让你久等了。(现在分词)
③Good food keeps you healthy.
好的饮食使你身体健康。(形容词)
④He always keeps the car in good condition.
他一直使车处于良好状况。(介词短语)
⑤An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
[谚]一天一个苹果，医生不上门(比喻不生病)。(副词)
注意：宾补部分都可以用作表语，可以变式为“宾语＋系动词＋宾补(表语)”的结构。活学活用
用恰当形式填空
“Bill, keep the things________(discuss)here secret，”said the manager after the meeting.
答案：discussed 句意：经理会后说：“比尔，对于我们在这里讨论的事情要保密。”由语境after the meeting可知，此处应该用动词的过去分词discussed作后置定语，修饰the things，表示被动和完成。3．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
(1)neither...nor...既不……也不……用来连接两个并列成分。如果连接的是两个并列主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循“邻近原则”，即与最近的主语的单复数保持一致。
Neither my parents nor I was there.
我父母和我都不在那儿。
(2)neither...nor...可连接两个平行结构。连接两个分句时，两个分句都需倒装。
Neither do I want to know it; nor do I care about it.
我既不想知道这件事，也不想了解这件事。活学活用
(1)用恰当词语填空
(高考真题改编·2014)She'd lived in London and Manchester，but she liked________ and moved to Cambridge.
答案：neither 句意：她在伦敦和曼彻斯特居住过，但是她不喜欢这两座城市，然后搬到剑桥了。本题考查代词。由表示转折的连词but 可知该空表示否定的意思，前面提到两座城市，所以填neither。(2)用恰当形式填空
(2015·河北邯郸联考)Neither he nor I________(be)the right person for the post at present.
答案：am 句意：他和我都不是目前那个职位的合适人选。考查主谓一致。neither...nor...连接两个名词或者代词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”的原则，根据I可知系动词be用am。4．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
every time (that)在本句中担任从属连词，引导时间状语从句。
①I couldn't help being angry every time he laughed at me.
每当他嘲笑我时，我总忍不住生气。
②Every time he plays football he is watched by many fans.
他每次踢球时，都有很多球迷在观看。知识拓展
1)可以用作连词引导时间状语从句的名词短语有以下三类：
(1)表示习惯、经常性：every time, each time, next time, the first/second.../last time等；
(2)表示瞬间变化，意为“一……就……”：the moment, the minute, the instant, the second等；(3)表示具体时间，意为“……的那天/那年/……”：the day, the week, the month, the year, the spring, the summer, the autumn, the winter等。
①He came out of the classroom the moment the class was over.
一下课他就离开了教室。
②Next time you come in, please close the door.
下次进来的时候，请把门关上。2)directly, immediately, instantly等副词也可以引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as。
You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes.
这位绅士一来，你就立即带他进来。
3)介词on/upon＋v－ing或具有动作含义的名词，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
①Some magazines pay on acceptance, others on publication.
一些杂志采用稿件后即付稿酬，另外一些则要到发表后才付。
②On my return from work, I saw the door was open.
我下班回家时，看见门开着。活学活用
(1)补全句子
每次你与别人交谈或写信息时，你都向别人展示了你的技能。
________________you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.
答案：Every/Each time every/each time是用作连词的名词词组，引导状语从句，意为“每次……时”。(2)用恰当词语填空
Mark promised me that he would tell Frank my message the ________he met him when he returned to school.
答案：moment/minute/second/instant 句意：Mark向我承诺，他回到学校后，一见到Frank就把我的口信转达给他。the moment/minute/second/instant有连词词性，引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。5．He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
他知道只有找到霍乱的病因，才能将其控制住。
该句使用了not/never...until...句式，意为“直到……才……”。该句式中的主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。
①—Was his father strict with him when he was at school?
他在上学时，他父亲对他要求严格吗？
—Yes. He had never praised him until he became one of the top students in his grade.
是的，直到他成为年级中拔尖的学生他父亲才表扬他。②He'll never give up until his life comes to end.
他直到死才会放弃。(他永不放弃，直到生命结束。)
③We usually don't have supper until my husband comes back.
我们通常直到我丈夫回来才吃晚饭。
注意：当not until引导的时间状语位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构。
Not until I finished my work did I go home yesterday.
昨天我直到干完工作才回家。知识拓展
对not...until引起的句子进行强调时，要把not提前，即It is/was not until...that...。
I didn't recognize her until she took off her sunglasses.
→It was not until she took off her sunglasses that I recognized her.
直到她把太阳镜摘下来，我才认出她来。活学活用
真题改编
(1)(高考真题改编)Not until he went through real hardship ________ ________ ________(realize)the love we have for our families is important.
答案：did he realize 考查not until的倒装语序。Not until置于句首，主句使用部分倒装语序；realize动作与went同时发生，故填did he realize。
(2)(高考真题改编)It was not until near the end of the letter________she mentioned her own plan.
答案：that 考查强调句。句意：直到接近信的末尾她才提到了她自己的计划。It is/was not until that－clause是not until的强调句句式，故填that。6．The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种(看法)是人们在进食时把这种病(毒)引入体内的。
该句中的suggest意为“表明；暗示”，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气，动词用所需时态。
①The smile on his face suggested that he was glad to give his life for his country.
他脸上的微笑表明他愿意为祖国献出生命。
②Are you suggesting (that) I'm lazy?
你言下之意是说我很懒？知识拓展
(1)suggest意为“建议”，后接从句作宾语时，宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用should do，should可以省略。
①I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.
我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。
②He suggested that we sit down to work out a practical solution.
他建议我们坐下来拟定一个实际的解决办法。
(2)suggest后接动词时要用－ing形式。
The headmaster suggested putting off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.
由于天气不好，校长建议推迟运动会。图解助记
His sleepy look suggested that the man was tired from his work and we suggested he (should)have a rest.
他困倦的表情显示这个人工作累了。我们建议他休息一下。活学活用
用恰当形式填空
(1)The teacher suggested the composition________(hand)in at once.His look suggested he was________(puzzle)．
答案：(should)be handed；puzzled 句意：老师建议立即把作文交上去。他的表情表明他感到迷惑。第一个suggested意为“建议”，故其后面的宾语从句用“(should＋)动词原形”，且根据句意可知此处用被动语态；第二个suggested意为“暗示；表明”，空格处表示“他”的状态，即“感到迷惑的”，用puzzled。(2)Jane's pale face suggested that she________(be)ill，and her parents suggested that she________(have)a medical examination.
答案：was；(should)have 句意：Jane苍白的脸色表明她病了，她父母建议她做一次体检。第一个suggested是“表明，暗示”的意思，后面的be动词视整句时态而定，为一般过去时。第二个suggested是“建议”的意思，后面宾语从句用虚拟语气，固定用法为“(should)do sth.”，其中should可省略。7．...liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
……她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人用水泵打水运到家里来。
have sth. done句型表示“让某事由某人做”或“受到某种影响”“经历”“蒙受”等。
①I had my hair cut yesterday.
昨天我理发了。
②She had her house damaged in the storm.
她的房屋在暴风雨中遭到了破坏。知识拓展
(1)have sb. do表示“用强迫或劝说的办法使某人做某事”，其后通常跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
①Mother had me post the letter at once.
妈妈要我立即将信寄出去。
②Have him see a doctor.
劝他去看看医生。(2)have sb.(sth.)doing 表示“让(使)某人做某事”“让某情况发生”。多强调“使……保持……的状态”这一含义。
①The two men had the lights burning all night long.
那两个人让灯通宵亮着。
②But we have never had women working in this part of company before.
但我们以前从未让妇女在这个部门工作过。
注意：have sb. do 和have sb. doing 都是“动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构。活学活用
用恰当形式填空
(1)(高考真题改编)They might just have a place ______(leave)on the writing course—why don't you give it a try?
答案：left 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们可能在写作课上还留有位置，你为什么不试试？此处为have sth. done结构，故填left。
(2)Mrs.Brown was very disappointed to see the washing machine she had had________(repair)went wrong again.
答案：repaired 句意：布朗夫人看到曾找人修过的洗衣机又坏了很失望。考查非谓语动词。have sth.done指“使某事被做”，本句中含有一个定语从句，先行词为the washing machine，并且从句用过去完成时态，故句中有两个had。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Kindness is one of the young English teacher's ________(特征)．
2．If a doctor c________ someone's illness, he makes the person well again.
3．Don't jump to the c______ before you make a careful investigation.
4．How many people________(参加) your sister's wedding yesterday?
5．They________(怀疑) me of having a hand in the affair.6．No one could________(预见) one's own future accurately.
7．If you________(分析) something, you consider it carefully or use some methods in order to fully understand it.
8．Don't________(暴露)your skin to the sun or you will be burnt.
9．Water and salt are________(吸收) into our blood stream every day.
10．It is difficult to________(操纵) this kind new the machine.
答案：1.characteristics 2.cures 3.conclusion 4.attended
5．suspect/suspected 6.foresee 7.analyse 8.expose 9.absorbed 10.handleⅡ.词语辨析
用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
1．discover; invent; find; find out
(1)As we all know, the electric lamp was________by Thomas Edison.
(2)Have you________why he was late?
(3)I wanted to talk to him but he was nowhere to be________.
(4)The Curies are best－known for________radium.2．attend；join；join in; take part in
(1)A great number of students________May 4 Movement.
(2)My father________the Party many years ago.
(3)He stared at them without________the conversation.
(4)Must you________church weekly?
3．defeat；beat；win
(1)He________the Tour de France last year.
(2)I________him in the contest and________the prize.4．cure; recover; treat
(1) (2015·山东济宁) The new medicine will________him of his cough.
(2) There are only two doctors to________more than 50 patients.
(3)He's now fully________from his bad cold.
答案：1.(1)invented (2)found out
(3)found (4)discovering
详解：discover“发现”，侧重于发现以前就存在的事物；invent“发明”，指创造出以前不存在的事物；find“找到”，侧重于找到期待的人或物；find out“了解，查明”，侧重于得出某个结论。2．(1)took part in (2)joined (3)joining in (4)attend
详解：attend意为“出席”，常指以观众或听众的身份参加，不一定在其中起什么作用。join后面接团体、组织一类的名词时，表示加入某一团体、组织，即成为其中的一员；后面接人作宾语时，表示“与某人一道”。join in sth指参加某项活动，一般指正在进行的活动。take part in sth也表示参加某项活动，但它强调参与者在活动中起一定的作用。3．(1)won (2)beat/defeated；won
详解：defeat和beat都可接sb作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat还可用于指战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。win后接sth，如game，war，prize，love，respect等。
4．(1)cure (2)treat (3)recovered
详解：cure意为“治疗，治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。treat为日常用语。意为“治疗，医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。recover意为“痊愈，复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。Ⅲ.用所给单词或者短语的适当形式完成句子1．Shall we ________ him ________ as the candidate for chairman of the committee?
2．After two hours' waiting, I ________ that Mary wouldn't come at all.
3．Experts are still ________ the DNA evidence in the case.
4．We ________ the other team by six runs.5．He will ________ an important meeting tomorrow.
6．Those who ________ the H1N1 were separated and treated without delay.
7．She tried every means to ________ her girl of the bad habit.
8．She ________ so ________ that book that she didn't realize it had been 12 o'clock.
9．Many children are afraid of ________ for making mistakes in speaking English.
10．The teacher ________ the pupils to come into the classroom.
答案：1.put；forward 2.concluded 3.analysing 4.defeated 5．attend 6.were exposed to 7.cure 8.was；absorbed in 9.being blamed 10.instructedUnit 1 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The role will be the biggest________(挑战) of his acting career.
2．Citizens have demanded a full________(询问)into the government's handling of the accident.
3．He's hoping for a________(事业) in the police force.
4．These seats are________(保留) for the elderly and women with babies.
5．The new building is under c______and it will be completed next month.
6．The old man is respected by the people because he has c______ a great deal to the country.
7．On the strike of 12, f____suddenly exploded into the night sky.
8．The UN wants to send food aid to 10 countries in Africa s______affected by the drought.
答案：1.challenge 2.enquiry 3.career 4.reserved 5.construction 6.contributed 7.fireworks 8.severely
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The man dressing in a blue jacket at theparty was a doctor.
________________________________________________________________________
2．The girl knocks down by a car was dying.
________________________________________________________________________
3．Many things remain unsettling, so we can't be off now.
________________________________________________________________________
4．This is the problem be settled so quickly last evening.
________________________________________________________________________
5．There was an exciting look on his face when the actress appeared.
________________________________________________________________________
6．Many things being considered impossible in the past are common today.
________________________________________________________________________
7．(2014·四川高考题改编) The manager was satisfied to see many new products develop after great effort.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：1.dressing→dressed 2.knocks→knocked 3.unsettling→unsettled 4.去掉be 5.exciting→excited 6.去掉being 7.develop→developed
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1．大量的投资导致了这一地区经济的迅速发展。
Large investment has ________ ________ a rapid economic development in the area.
2．他讲话不多，但言之有理。
He doesn't talk much, but what he says ________ ________.
3．那起交通事故不该责怪司机。
The driver was not________ ________ ________ the traffic accident.
4. 不加任何保护，直接暴露在这些病毒下是十分危险的。
It's very dangerous to ________ ________ ________ these viruses without any protection.
5．我正专心看书，没有听到你的电话。
I ________ ________ ________a book and didn't hear you call.
答案：1.led to 2.makes sense 3.to blame for 4.be exposed to 5.was absorbed in
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Frank Woolworth was born in Rodman, New York, in 1852. His family were very poor farmers, and there was never enough to eat. Frank decided he did not want to be a farmer. He took a short business course, and went to work as a salesman in a large city.
Woolworth realized he had a natural skill for showing goods to attract people's interest, but he soon learned something more important. One day his boss told him to sell some odds and ends (小商品) for as much as he could get. Frank put all these things on one table with a sign which said FIVE CENTS EACH. People fought and pushed to buy the things and the table was soon cleared.
Soon afterwards, Woolworth opened his own store, selling goods at five and ten cents. But he had another lesson to learn before he became successful. That is, if you want to make money by selling low－price goods, you have to buy them in large quantities directly from the factories. Once, for example, Woolworth went to Germany and placed an order for knives. The order was so large that the factory had to keep running 24 hours a day for a whole year. In this way, the price of the knives was cut down by half.
By 1919, Woolworth had over 1,000 stores in the US and Canada, and opened his first store in London. He made many millions and his name became famous throughout the world. He always run his business according to strict rules, of which the most important was：“THE CUSTOMER IS ALWAYS RIGHT.”
文章大意：本文简要介绍了美国连锁商店大亨弗兰克·伍克沃思(Frank Woolworth)的发家史。
1．Frank took a short business course in order to ________.
A．earn more money for his family
B．learn something from a salesman
C．get away from the farm
D．get enough to feed himself
答案：C 细节理解题。由第一段第三、四句“Frank decided he did not want to be a farmer. He took a short business course...”可知他是因为不想成为农民才去上一个短期商业课程的，故选C。
2．Frank sold the odds and ends quickly because ________.
A．he knew how to get people to buy his goods
B．he cut down the price by half
C．he had put the goods on a table in a very nice way
D．the sign he put on the table was well designed
答案：A 推理判断题。由第二段第一句“Woolworth realized he had a natural skill for showing goods to attract people's interest, but he soon learned something more important.”可知。
3．________ make Woolworth a world－famous man.
A．His business skills and his wealth
B．The low prices of the goods he sold
C．His trip to Germany and his huge order of knives
D．His natural skills for showing things
答案：A 推理判断题。由本文的内容及最后一段“By 1919, Woolworth had over 1,000 stores in the US and Canada, and opened his first store in London. He made many millions and his name became famous throughout the world.”可知是他的商业技能和他的财富使得他闻名全世界，故选A。
4．“The customer is always right” suggests that ________.
A．when the customer and shop assistant quarrel, the customer is always right
B．if you want to succeed, the rule is the only way out
C．stores must follow the customer's orders if they want to make money
D．stores should try to meet the customer's needs if they want to succeed
答案：D 推理判断题。由全文的内容可推出他这句话的含义是如果你想成功，必须尽力满足顾客的需要，故选D。
B
A nine－year－old kid was sitting at his desk when suddenly there was a puddle(水洼) between his feet and the front of his trousers was wet. He thought his heart was going to stop because he couldn't possibly imagine how this had happened.It had never happened before, and he knew that when the boys found out he_would_never_hear_the_end_of_it. When the girls found out, they would never speak to him again as long as he lived.
He prayed this prayer, “Dear God, I need help now! Five minutes from now I'm dead meat！” He looked up from his prayer and here came the teacher with a look in her eyes that said he had been discovered. As the teacher was walking toward him, a classmate named Susie was carrying a goldfish bowl full of water. Susie tripped(绊倒) in front of the teacher and dumped(倒) the bowl of water in the boy's lap. The boy pretended to be angry, but all the while he was saying to himself，“Thank you, God！”
Now all of a sudden, instead of being the object of ridicule(嘲笑), the boy was the object of sympathy (同情)．The teacher rushed him downstairs and gave him gym shorts to put on while his trousers dried out. All the other children were on their hands and knees cleaning up around his desk. The sympathy was wonderful. But as life would have it, the ridicule that should have been his had been transferred(转移) to someone else—Susie. She tried to help, but they told her to get out.
When school was over, the boy walked over to Susie and whispered, “You did that on purpose，didn't you？” Susie whispered back, “I wet my trousers once, too！”
文章大意：这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了一个九岁的男孩上课时把裤子弄湿，怕被别人发现，有过同样经历的女孩Susie把一鱼缸水倒在男孩身上，帮他解围，最终得到了同学们的同情和帮助。
5．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means“________”．
A．the boys would never play with him
B．the boys would treat him as usual
C．he would hardly hear any praise from the boys
D．he would be laughed at by the boys endlessly
答案：D 推理判断题。一个九岁的男孩坐在课桌旁，突然发现两脚之间有水，他的裤子前部是湿的。他知道当男孩们发现这个事情时，他将再也不会听见这件事的结束(he would never hear the end of it)，也就是说他将被男孩们无休止地嘲笑，故选D。
6．After Susie dumped water in his lap, the boy was in a state of________.
A．excitement B．relief
C．anxiety D．anger
答案：B 推理判断题。男孩两脚之间有水，他的裤子前部是湿的，他感到尴尬，怕被人发现，当老师向他走来时，—个叫Susie的同学把满满的一金鱼缸水倒在男孩的腿上，帮他解了围。根据第二段最后一句，男孩假装生气，但他一直在自言自语地说：“Thank you，God！”，可知男孩对他的同学很感激，男孩所处的状态应是安心，松了口气，故选B。
7．What did the other kids do after the incident?
A．They offered him dry clothes.
B．They laughed at the boy rudely.
C．They helped the boy do the cleaning.
D．They urged the boy to get out angrily.
答案：C 细节理解题。Susie把水倒在男孩腿上后，他成了同情的对象，根据第三段第三句“All the other children were on their hands and knees cleaning up around his desk.”可知所有其他孩子都在帮助他清理，故选C。
8．Why did Susie dump water in the boy's lap?
A．The boy asked her to do so.
B．She just did it by accident.
C．The teacher tripped her up on purpose.
D．She knew the boy's embarrassment(尴尬)．
答案：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段得知，放学后男孩问Susie是否故意把水倒在他腿上，Susie低声说她也曾经把裤子弄湿过，因此她能体会到男孩所处的尴尬状态，故选D。
Ⅴ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Composed of more than 20,000 Chinese characters，these special sculptures by Zheng Lu are soft and beautiful in__1__(appear) despite their stainless steel make－up. The characters used are all__2__(choose) from Chinese texts and poems. For example，the sculpture that looks like a splash of water is__3__(skillful)crafted from the lines of the poem Wan Zhi Shui (playing with water) written by the Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi. This fun with details can be seen throughout Zheng Lu's works. When__4__(discuss)the use of one of the most original Chinese fonts in a specific piece, he said，“You cannot figure that out from a distant view.__5__， it would not be fun.”
The contemporary Chinese sculptor__6__(interest) in calligraphy for a long time. He__7__(grow) up in a literary family with a strong traditional Chinese cultural background and his father made him__8__(take)up the practice of calligraphy when he was still very young. This skill is now apparent in
many of his artworks__9__the containing of meaningful texts brings a unique feeling and significance __10__Zheng Lu's already elegant sculptures.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文为记叙文。中国雕刻家郑路，出生于具有中国传统文化背景的知识分子家庭，从小热爱书法，这对他从事的雕刻事业产生了深远的影响，他的作品中体现了汉字的美感。
答案：
1．appearance 考查名词。空前是介词in，故填入appear的名词形式appearance。in appearance“在外表上，在外观上”。
2．chosen 考查动词语态。这些字都选自语文课本和诗歌。此句为被动语态，故用其过去分词形式。
3．skillfully 考查副词。此空修饰动词crafted，故用其副词形式。
4．discussing 考查非谓语动词。discuss的逻辑主语是he，且两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。
5．Otherwise 考查副词。根据后面使用了虚拟语气，故用otherwise。
6．has been interested 考查动词时态。根据时间状语for a long time可知，本句用现在完成时态。
7．grew 考查动词时态。根据上下文语境，可知此空应用一般过去时态，故填其过去式。
8．take 考查非谓语动词。使役动词后应用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
9．and 考查连词。前后两分句为并列关系，故填入并列连词and。
10．to 考查介词。固定搭配bring...to...表示“把……带给……”。考生会误填入介词in或of，根据前文，他的作品中融入了这种特殊的元素，再结合bring的用法，可得出答案。
课件71张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修5 Great ScientistsUnit 1Section Ⅱ Learning about LanguageⅠ.单词拼写
1．They thought he had escaped through a specially ____________ (建造) tunnel.
2．I believe that each of us can c________ to the future of the world.
3．The ________ (烟火) exploded in a shower of sparks.
4．These two accidents are closely ________ (连接) together.
5．The old man was laid up with a s________ stroke.
6．The hot weather is partly to ________ (谴责，责备) for the water shortage.constructedontributefireworklinkedevereblame
7．The President is preparing to ________ (宣布) his new plan on Tuesday.
8．No one could ________ (预见) his future accurately.announceforeseeⅡ.选择合适的词或短语完成句子
1．Considering that she did her work as her manager had __________ it was improper to criticize her.
2．The ____________ of the two new railway lines has been completed by now.
3．__________ the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing.instructedconstructionApart from
4．Our athletes had won the most gold medals at 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games, and my colleagues shot ________ to celebrate it.
5．Dwelling Narrowness has succeeded in getting across much to the audience, which has ___________ to its success.fireworkscontributed1.contribute v.
(1)～(sth.)(to/towards sth.)捐献、捐赠(尤指款或物)，捐助
①The writer personally contributed $50,000 to the earthquake fund.
那位作家亲自捐赠了5万美元给地震基金。
②Would you like to contribute to our collection?
你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？(2)～(to sth.)是……的原因之一
①Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death.
据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因之一。
②Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?
吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
(3)～(sth.)to sth.增加，增进，添加(到某物)
Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject.
她的工作极有助于我们对这个困难问题的了解。
(4)～(sth.)(to sth.)(为报纸、杂志、电台或电视节目)撰稿，投稿
She has contributed (several poems) to literary magazines.
她给文学刊物投了(几首诗)稿。图解助记
contribute多层含义
Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.
好多人给那个可怜的孩子捐钱，使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到了报社。contribution n.
①[C]捐款；捐资
All contributions will be gratefully received.
我们对所有捐资表示感谢。
②[C, usually sing.]贡献；促成作用
These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing industrial accidents.
这些措施将会对减少工业事故起重要作用。知识拓展
③[U]捐助；捐赠；(尤指)捐款
We rely entirely on voluntary contribution.
我们全靠自愿捐款。活学活用
(1)用恰当介词填空
Maintaining peace and stability of the South China Sea and the East China Sea will certainly contribute________a more prosperous Asian－Pacific area.
答案：to 句意：维持中国南海和中国东海的和平稳定，一定会使亚太地区更加繁荣。考查动词短语。contribute to促成，导致，符合语境。
(2)完成句子
他对太空发展计划已经作出了很大贡献。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the space development programme.
答案：He has made great contributions to2．construction n．建设；建筑物；结构
①The new airport is still under construction.
新机场仍在修建中。
②This is a fine construction.
这是一座完美的建筑。
③A learner's dictionary should give both the meanings of words and examples of the constructions in which they are used.
学生词典应该既提供词语的含义，又举出应用这些词语的结构的例子。
注意：under construction为固定用法，意思是“修建中”。知识拓展
construct v.
(1)建设，修建
①The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed from 1933 to 1937.
金门桥建于1933至1937年间。
②It took them two years to construct the building.
他们用了两年时间建这座大楼。
(2)创立(学说等)，构(词)，造句
①He constructed a theory with his colleagues.
他与他的同事合作创立了一种学说。
②I have not hesitated to construct arguments in its support.
我毫不踌躇地构思一些支持它的论据。
活学活用
用恰当介词填空
Besides a bridge ________ construction, the construction of the freeway goes well.
答案：under 句意：除了一座正在建造中的桥，这条高速公路的建设进展顺利。under construction“正在建造中”，是固定短语。
3．inspire v.
(1)～sb.(to sth.)|～sb. to do sth.激励，鼓舞
①His superb play inspired the team to a thrilling 5∶0 win.
他的出色表现使球队士气大振，以5∶0大获全胜。
②Such a development inspired us to work still harder.
这一发展鼓舞我们更努力地工作。
(2)赋予灵感，激发想法(尤指艺术的或虚构的)；启发，启示
①His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts.
他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力。
②His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.
他最好的乐曲创作灵感来自对他母亲的怀念。(3)～sb.(with sth.)|～sth.(in sb.)使产生(感觉或情感)
①The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.
＝The falling leaves inspired sadness in her.
落叶触动了她的伤感。
②His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
＝His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.
他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。①It's an inspired work of art.
这是一件得自灵感的艺术作品。
②He is an inspired poet.
他是一位富于灵感的诗人。(1)inspired adj.品质优秀的，能力卓越的，借助于灵感创作的
(2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的知识拓展
③The inspiring music acted on the emotions of the students.
那激昂的音乐使学生们情绪激昂。
④The songs we heard last night were most inspiring.
昨晚我们听的歌曲很令人鼓舞。
活学活用
完成句子
我希望这次成功能激励你更加努力。
I hope this success will________ ________ ________greater efforts.
答案：inspire you to1.apart from除……之外；此外
①Apart from my parents, I have no one to believe in.
除了我父母，我谁也不相信。(not including my parents)
②Apart from the cost, we need to think about how much time the job will take.
除了成本之外，我们还需要考虑这份工作要用多少时间。(including the cost)比较网站
in addition，besides，except，except for，apart from & but
(1)in addition相当于副词besides，表示“另外”；in addition to相当于介词besides。
(2)besides“除……之外(还)”，指在整体中加入一部分。
(3)except从所提到的人或事物中除去，即“从整体中除去一部分”。
(4)except for表示对整体部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正主要部分的作用。
(5)apart from既可表示besides，也可以表示except或except for，还可以表示without的意思。
(6)but在意思上相当于except，但常用在不定代词或疑问词后面。
活学活用
(1)补全句子
①除了上面布置的任务外，你还要写一篇关于环境污染的200字的作文。
________the assignment said above，you have to write a 200－word composition on environment pollution.
②除了学校以外，这个村庄还有一个诊所，它也是在政府的支持下建造的。
________ ________ ________the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.
答案：①Besides ②In addition to(2)选apart from，besides或except for填空
①________English，he has a good command of Russian and French.
答案：Apart from或Besides
②So far, the old villages of New England have changed relatively little ________ a gas station or two in recent decades.
答案：except for
③________ some pennies, I think there are only nine pounds left in my pocket.
答案：Besides/Apart from2．make sure确信，确保；查明，核实
①They scored another goal and made sure of victory.
他们又进了一球，确保了胜利。
②Our staff will do their best to make sure you enjoy your visit.
我们的人员会竭尽全力使您访问愉快。
③He looked around to make sure that he was alone.
他往四下看看是不是只有他一个人。注意：sure通常不用于有形式主语或形式宾语it的句子中，这种情况下一般用certain。make sure that...确保……
make sure of doing sth.确保做某事
be sure to do sth.一定要做某事；务必要做某事
be sure of (doing) sth.一定会(做)某事；某事肯定会发生知识拓展活学活用
补全句子
为了确定他在家，我事先打电话给他。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， I called him up in advance.
答案：Tomake sure that he was at home过去分词作定语和表语
Ⅰ.过去分词作定语
1．作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动意义又表完成意义，但有时仅表示被动意义，不表示时间性。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成意义。
①The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人正在医院受到良好的照料。(被动意义)
②They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。(完成意义)
③Did you accept the invitation given by the tour guide?
你接受导游的邀请了吗？(被动意义以及完成意义)2．过去分词作定语，常常位于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常位于其所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。given, left等少数过去分词作定语修饰名词时，只能后置。这种置于名词之后的过去分词往往具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。此外，过去分词修饰由every，some，any等构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
①The wounded soldier was looked after carefully.
那位受伤的战士受到了细心的照料。②Who were the guests invited(＝who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些客人是谁呀？
③Is there anything unsolved?
还有什么问题没有解决吗？
④There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。知识拓展1
1)过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
①The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.
这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。
②The book, written(＝which was written)in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.
这本书是1957年写的，讲述矿工斗争的故事。 2)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，表示人的表情、眼神、眼泪、声音等。这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。
①The frightened boy ran away.
惊恐的男孩跑开了。
②Hearing the encouraging news, the students gave out excited shouts.
听到这令人鼓舞的消息，同学们发出了热烈的欢呼声。知识拓展2
1)分词、动名词以及不定式在句中担任定语成分的差异：由不及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，而其过去分词形式则强调动作的完成或其逻辑主语所处的一种状态；由及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语，强调主动，而其过去分词形式则强调被动或表示状态。注意：分词的完成式不作定语。
①The man standing under the tree is my uncle.
站在树下的那个人是我叔叔。
②The book published in March sells well.
三月份出版的这本书很畅销。2)动名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词的用途。
The soldiers each have a sleeping bag.
战士们每个人都有一个睡袋。
3)不定式作定语
(1)通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。
(2)当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。
①Madam Curie was the first to discover the element radium.
居里夫人是第一个发现镭的人。
②I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多事要做。Ⅱ.过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态或思想感情等，并无“完成”或“被动”之意。
①He looked worried after reading the letter.
看完信后，他显得很忧虑。
②When we heard of the story, we were deeply moved.
当我们听到这个故事时，被深深地感动了。
③He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。 知识拓展1
常见的作表语的过去分词有：amused (愉快的)；connected (连接的)；broken (碎了的)；closed (关闭的)；astonished (吃惊的)；covered (覆盖的)；crowded (拥挤的)；delighted (高兴的)；disappointed (失望的); dressed (穿着的)；drunk (喝醉的)；experienced (有经验的)；gone (遗失的)；lost (丢失的)；worried (担忧的)；interested (感兴趣的)；tired (疲劳的)；pleased (高兴的); satisfied (满意的); surprised (吃惊的); married (已婚的)；known (著名的)等。 知识拓展2
1)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质和特征；与主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人……的”。
①The story is interesting and I am interested in it.
这故事很有趣，我很感兴趣。
②The problem is confusing so the pupils are confused about it.
这个问题很迷惑，因此学生们感到很困惑。
2)动名词作表语是对主语内容的解释，主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。
①His work is cleaning all the windows of the company every day.
他的工作就是每天把公司的窗户擦干净。
②What they are worried about is being left behind.
他们所担心的是被落在后面。3)不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be, seem, remain, appear, get的后面，用来说明主语的内容。当主语为名词dream, business, wish, idea, plan, job, work, task, duty时，表语也常用不定式，不用动名词。
①The aim is not just to keep busy.
其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。
②He appears to want to leave.
他看来要走。知识拓展3
1)过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态；而被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成。试比较：
①My glasses are broken.
我的眼镜碎了。(状态)
②My glasses were broken by my son.
我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)
③The library is closed.
图书馆关门了。(系表结构)
④The library is often closed at 6：30 in the afternoon.
图书馆通常在下午6：30关门。(被动语态)
2)有些过去分词用作表语，接近被动结构。
①The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.
这座城三面环山。
②I'm pleased with(by/at)what you said just now.
听了你刚才的话，我很高兴。高考真题链接
用词语的恰当形式填空
1．(2015·陕西卷改编)Back from his two－year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ (take)good care of at home.
答案：taken 句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语，所以填taken。
2．(2015·江苏卷改编)Much time________(spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
答案：spent 句意：上班族们坐在办公桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。
3．(2015·重庆卷改编)________(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to become a football star.
答案：Raised 句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是动宾关系，故填raised。
4．(2014·安徽卷改编)While waiting for the opportunity to get________(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
答案：promoted 本题考查的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get＋过去分词”，如“get burnt”被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句意：在等待着被提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。
5．(2014·福建卷改编)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________(connect)．
答案：connected 系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词，如get paid获得报酬。get burnt被烫伤；本句中的stay connected保持联系。句意：对于那些家人在远方的人，电脑和电话在和家人保持联系方面是很重要的。6．(2014·重庆卷改编)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras________(return)to our shop for quality problems.
答案：returned 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：生产商定期来收集因质量问题而退回商店的相机。returned为过去分词，在句中修饰名词cameras，相机与退回为被动关系，故填returned。
7．(2014·北京卷改编)There are still many problems ________(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
答案：to be solved 考查非谓语动词的用法。根据主语problems和solve之间的逻辑关系和从句的内容可知，这些问题还没有得到解决，故应用不定式表示还未发生的动作。句意：在准备好长期待在月球上之前我们还有许多问题需要解决。
8．(2014·浙江卷改编)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________(appoint)to guard her.
答案：appointed 考查非谓语动词。句意：Amie Salmon，残疾，委派一位护士全程陪她上学。分析结构可知，此处是nurse后的定语；appoint与nurse之间为动宾关系，故要用过去分词作定语。专项练习
1．In some languages,100 words make up half of all words________(use)in daily conversations.
答案：used 考查非谓语动词。句意：在一些语言中，100个单词占据了日常对话中所使用的单词的一半。words后用非谓语动词作定语，words与use之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。
2．You cannot accept an opinion ________(offer)to you unless it is based on facts.
答案：offered 考查过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：你无法接受任何观点，除非它以事实为基础。分析句式结构可知，opinion需要定语，且offer与opinion之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。3．Let those in need ________(understand)that we will go all out to help them.
答案：understand 考查非谓语动词。句意：让那些困境中的人们理解我们会尽全力帮助他们的。let sb. do sth.让某人做某事。“三让”let、have、make表示“让某人做某事”时后面要接不带to的不定式作宾补。
4．The airport________(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.
答案：to be completed 考查非谓语动词的用法。complete与airport之间为动宾关系而且根据next year可知动作尚未发生，故填to be completed。
5．Today there are more airplanes ________(carry)more people than ever before in the skies.
答案：carrying 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在天空中比以前有更多的飞机搭载乘客。分析结构可知，此处是there be结构，主语more airplanes后接了非谓语动词；并且，airplanes与carry之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词作定语。
6．The question was so difficult to answer, and the students looked ________(puzzle)．
答案：puzzled 句意：这个问题很难回答，学生们看起来都迷惑不解。过去分词puzzled与连系动词look构成系表结构，表示一种状态，puzzled已形容词化，look puzzled“看起来迷惑”。现在分词作表语常说明主语的性质、特征等；不定式作表语表示将来或主语的具体内容。7．The design ________(appeal)to all the ages and social groups is not easy to make.
答案：appealing 句意：吸引各年龄段和社会群体的设计不容易做。the design与appeal to之间是逻辑上的主动关系，要用现在分词短语作定语。
8．In 1938, Pearl Buck became the first American woman ________(receive)the Nobel Prize for Literature.
答案：to receive 句意：1938年，赛珍珠是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女作家。由序数词修饰的词后，非谓语动词只能用不定式作定语。9．The news that he told us yesterday was ________(encourage)．
答案：encouraging 句意：他昨天告诉我们的消息令人鼓舞。此题中news与encourage之间是主动关系，且表示news的性质和特征，故用现在分词encouraging，表示“令人鼓舞的”。
10．With the government's aid, those ________(affect)by the earthquake have moved into the new settlements.
答案：affected 句意：在政府的帮助下，那些受地震影响的人已经搬进了新的居住区。分词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词。those与affect之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Work has been begun on the c______ of the new airport.
2．This book c______ to our understanding of his theory.
3．Who is r______ for the accident?
4．The ________ (烟花) exploded with a loud bang.
5．Computer users from around the world reported that the ________ (病毒) had invaded their systems.
6．He ________ (预料) that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.
答案：1.construction 2.contributes 3.responsible 4.firework 5.virus 6.foresawⅡ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．(2015·湖南益阳改编) Our school，________(found)in 1955 will celebrate her 60th anniversary this October.
2．As we joined the big crowd, I got________(lose)．
3．The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to________(pollute)water anymore.
4．The woman liked the water so much that she had had it________(deliver)to her house.
5．John told the________ (astonish)people to remove the handle.6．The chairman announced the________news in an ________voice. (excite)
7．There is a red car ________(park) outside the house.
8．(2015·河北保定改编)We all felt ________(relax)as the work ________(complete)．
9．I have such a ________ job that I really felt ________ (tire)．
10．The girl looked up with a ________ (please)expression.
答案：1. founded 2.lost 3.polluted 4.delivered 5.astonished 6.exciting；excited 7.parking 8.relaxed；was completed 9.tiring；tired 10.pleasedUnit 1 Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The________(图表)below shows our top 10 choices.
2．These developments will have a ________(积极的) effect on the stability of our financial market.
3．They actually monitor the________(移动)of the fish.
4．I am looking________(向后地)over my shoulder.
5．My sister can________(旋转) on her toes like a dancer.
6．He doesn't know much about this subject, but he's very ________(热心的)．
7．They've taken a very________(谨慎的) approach.
8．She________(拒绝；不接受) his offer of marriage.
9．The Earth is only one of the planets in the________(宇宙)．
10．She is very________(有创造力的) ；she writes poetry and paints.
答案：1.chart 2.positive 3.movement 4.backward
5．spin 6.enthusiastic 7.cautious 8.rejected 9.universe
10．creative
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．当他思考时他喜欢在房间里来回踱步。
He likes ________ ________ ________ ________in the room as he thinks.
2．(2015陕西改编)你不应该拒绝接受来自你老朋友的邀请。
Youshouldnot________ ________ ________ ________your old friend.
3．(2015河北唐山)只有你把太阳放在那个位置，天空中其他行星的运行才讲得通。
________ ________you put the sun there________ ______ ______of the other planets in the sky________ ________.
4．他粗心大意的驾驶导致了这起严重的交通事故。
His careless driving________ ________the serious traffic accident.
5．我们的英语老师对我们要求严格。
Our English teacher________ ________ ________us.
6．我不相信他迟到的原因。
I don't believe the reason________ ________ he was late.
7．他对陌生人很警惕。
He________ ________ ________strangers.
8．我父母似乎已经知道了真相。
Myparentsseemed________ ________ ________the truth.
9．他站在那儿，一动不动。
He stood there________ ________ ________。
10．不要轻易下结论，你最好再考虑一下。
Don’t________ ________ ________too fast；you'd better think it over again.
答案：1.walking backward(s) and forward(s) 2.reject the invitation from 3.Only if; did the movements; make sense 4.led to 5.is strict with 6.for which 7.is/was cautious about 8.to have known 9.without any movement 10.draw a conclusion
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．Mr Wang is a teacher who is loved by his students.
→Mr Wang is a teacher________ ________his students.
2．Besides some injuries to his face and hands，he broke both legs.
→________ ________some injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.
3．Even though he explained again，I didn't understand his plan.
→Even though he explained again, I didn't________ ________ ________his plan.
4．The local guide led us the way. We climbed the mountain safely.
→________the local guide________us the way, we climbed the mountain safely.
5．We will begin the work immediately.
→We will begin the work________ ________.
答案：1.loved by 2.Apart from 3.make sense of 4.With；leading 5.at once
Ⅳ.完形填空
The simplest way to say it is this: I believe in my mother. My__1__began when I was just a kid. I__2__becoming a doctor.
My mother was a domestic. Through her work, she observed that__3__people spent a lot more time reading than they__4__watching television. She announced that my brother and I__5__watch two to three pre－selected TV programs during the week. In our free time, we had to read two books each from the Detroit Public Library and__6__her written book reports. She would mark them up with check marks and highlighters. Years later we realized her marks were a __7__. My mother was illiterate.
When I entered high school I was a(n)__8__， but not for long. I wanted the fancy clothes. I wanted to__9__the guys. I went from being an A－student to a B－student to a C－student. One night my mother came home from__10__her various jobs and I complained about not having enough Italian knit shirts. She said, “Okay, I'll give you all the money I make this week scrubbing floors and cleaning bathrooms, and you can buy__11__food and pay the bills. With everything__12__， you can have all the Italian knit shirts you want.” I was very__13__with that arrangement but once I got through allocating money, there was__14__left. I realized my mother was a financial genius to be able to__15__our heads and any kind of food on the table，__16__buy clothes. I also realized that immediate satisfaction wasn't going to get me anywhere. Success required intellectual preparation. I went back to my__17__and became an A－student again, and eventually I__18__ my dream and I became a doctor.
My story is really my mother's story—a woman with__19__formal education or property who used her position as a parent to change the lives of many people around the globe. There is no job__20__than parenting. This I believe.
1．A.belief B．work
C．education D．promise
答案：A 从下文可知“我”小时候就开始有了信念。
2．A.majored in B．got used to
C．dreamed of D．got tired of
答案：C 接着指出是什么信念——梦想成为一名医生。
3．A.lazy B．easy－going
C．successful D．reliable
答案：C 据母亲观察，成功人士花在阅读上的时间要比花在看电视上的时间多得多。
4．A.spent B．paid
C．took D．did
答案：D 此处使用did代替前文的spent，避免重复。
5．A.could only B．could not
C．must not D．should often
答案：A 由announced可知，“我”和弟弟每周只能看两到三个预先挑选好的电视节目。
6．A.read to B．present to
C．teach D．explain to
答案：B 由上下文可知，母亲非常严厉。在空闲时，“我们”每人必须阅读从底特律公共图书馆借来的两本书，还要上交读书心得。present sth. to sb.“把某物呈交给某人”。
7．A.joke B．means
C．tool D．trick
答案：D 由My mother was illiterate.可知，此处应选“计谋”。
8．A.A－student B．B－student
C．C－student D．D－student
答案：A 由but可推测出：读中学时，我曾是个优等生，但好景不长。
9．A.get rid of B．hang out with
C．break away from D．keep in touch with
答案：B 我成绩下降的原因是：我想要漂亮衣服，想和别人出去闲逛。hang out“闲逛”。
10．A.making B．stopping
C．working D．getting
答案：C 由下文scrubbing floors and cleaning bathrooms可知，此处意为“母亲干完各种活回到家”。working在此用作及物动词，意为“完成，干完”。
11．A.your brother B．yourself
C．your sister D．the family
答案：D 此处考查buy sb. sth.结构。句意：你来给这个家买食物、付账单。
12．A.left over B．paid off
C．used up D．carried out
答案：A 此处考查“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构。money与leave之间是被动关系。句意：你可以用剩下的钱买下所有你想要的意大利针织衫。
13．A.angry B．pleased
C．disappointed D．bored
答案：B 母亲让我理财，并可以随意支配剩下来的钱，很显然，这样的决定让“我”开心不已。
14．A.anything B．everything
C．something D．nothing
答案：D 由but可知事实并非如我所愿。当“我”把该花的钱都分配完毕，已经没有买衣服的钱了。
15．A.put an idea into B．give an impression on
C．keep a roof over D．have eyes in the back of
答案：C “我”的母亲不愧是个理财能手，她能让“我们”有地方住、有各种各样的食物吃，更不用说买衣服了。keep a roof over one's head“有地方住”；put an idea into one's head“使想起”；give an impression on“给……留下印象”；have eyes in the back of one's head“脑后长眼；眼光敏锐”。
16．A.let alone B．let out
C．let in D．leave alone
答案：A let alone“更不用说”；let out“发出”；let in“使进入”；leave alone“不理会，不理睬”。
17．A.guys B．mother
C．studies D．play
答案：C 通过这件事，“我”还意识到，一时的满足并不会给“我”带来什么成就，而成功需要智力上的准备。于是“我”又发奋努力学习了。
18．A.made B．fulfilled
C．changed D．tried
答案：B 最终“我”实现了自己当医生的梦想。fulfill“履行义务，完成任务，实现愿望”。
19．A.little B．much
C．few D．high
答案：A 由上文可知，“我”母亲是这样一位女性：她粗通文墨、家境贫寒，却利用家长的身份改变了很多人的生活。
20．A.more interesting B．less important
C．more important D．less interesting
答案：C 由上文可知，没有哪件事比对子女的养育更重要了。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，”says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass－roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.
According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.
Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.
Twenty－five years ago, there werehardlyanyeducation programs for environment. Today，it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.
文章大意：本文为说明文，题材是节能环保类。作者阐述了自1970年以来，美国在环境保护方面所取得的成就。
1．According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea about________.
A．the social movement
B．recycling techniques
C．environmental problems
D．the importance of Earth Day
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知在1970年以前，美国人对于环境问题知之甚少。let alone意为“更不必说”。
2．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?
A．The grass－roots level.
B．The business circle.
C．Government officials.
D．University professors.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中and especially millions of grass－roots Americans可知，对于环保的支持主要来自于基层民众。
3．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection？A.They have cut car emissions to the lowest.
B．They have settled their environmental problems.
C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.
D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures.
答案：D 推理判断题。根据第三、四两段的数据例证可推断出，美国人已经通过有效的措施降低了污染。根据第三段第一句可知A项过于绝对；根据第三段第三句可知B项与文章意思相悖；根据第三段第二句可知一氧化碳排放超标的城市由40个减少到了9个，故C项错误。
4．What is especially important for environment alprotection according to the last paragraph?
A．Education. B．Planning.
C．Green living. D．CO reduction.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，特别是education programs for environment(环境教育培训)可知答案选A。
Ⅵ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)。并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不记分。
Ten years ago, I had worked as a night guard in a factory. On a rainy night, all the lights of a factory went out all of a sudden. I rushed out and could see nothing. Lucky for me, the warning system was directly connected by the police station. Three or four minutes late, four police car arrived at the factory gate.They searched the factory carefully, tried to find something unusual. In the end，I told that the rain had brought about the short circuit，that caused the accident.
答案：
Ten years ago, I had worked as a night guard in a factory. On a rainy night, all the lights of factory went out all of a sudden. I rushed out could see nothing. for me, the warning system was directly connected the police station. Three or four minutes ， four police arrived at the factory gate.They searched the factory carefully， to find something unusual. In the end，I told that the rain had brought about the short circuit, caused the accident.
课件79张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修5Great ScientistsUnit 1Section Ⅲ Using LanguageⅠ.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？
1．用所给单词的适当形式填空
(1)The workers are ____________ the bridge damaged by the flood, and the bridge under ____________ connects the road with the town.(construct)
(2)The famous star has ___________ a lot of money to the school and has made a great ___________ to the building of the school.(contribute)
(3)The girl student has a ________ attitude towards life, and I'm ________ that she will have a happy life all her life.(positive)constructingconstructioncontributedcontributionpositivepositive(4)In the dim light, something ________ fast in the distance, whose quick ___________ made us shocked.(move)
(5)She is ___________ about designing beautiful dresses, and she also admires all kinds of beautiful clothes with great ___________.(enthusiastic)
(6)__________， she drove her car to the main road. Because of the crowd, she drove all the way with great ________.(cautious)
(7)As soon as his design was ________， he also ________ the idea that he would stay here for his rest life.(reject)
(8)It is __________ known that the _______ is vast.(universal)movedmovemententhusiasticenthusiasmCautiouslycautionrejectedrejecteduniversallyuniverse2．补全下列短语
(1)come ________ an end 结束
(2)apart ________ 除……之外；此外
(3)________ one's own 某人自己的
(4)(be) strict ________ 对……严格的
(5)lead ________ 导致；通向
(6)________ sense 讲得通；有意义tofromofwithtomakeⅡ.重点句式
Only if you put the sun there ________ the movements of the other planets in the sky________________.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。didmake senseⅢ.阅读课文，回答下列问题
1．What did Nicolaus Copernicus's mathematical calculations lead to?
2．Why couldn't Nicolaus Copernicus tell others about his discovery?
3．When did Nicolaus Copernicus publish his ideas?
4．Did the Christian Church support Nicolaus Copernicus's theory?
5．How many scientists are mentioned in this passage? Who are they?答案：1.They led to a conclusion that the earth was not the center of the solar system.
2．Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.
3．As he lay dying in 1543.
4．No, it didn't. Instead, it rejected his theory.
5．Four scientists. Nicolaus Copernicus, Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.1.positive adj.
(1)～(about sth.)自信的，积极乐观的
She tries to be more positive about her new job.
她力求对新工作更有信心。
(2)积极的，建设性的，朝着成功的
He has a positive attitude towards life.
他对生活持有积极的态度。
(3)表示赞同的，拥护的
We've had a very positive response to the idea.
我们对这个想法反应很好。(4)良好的，有益的，正面的
His family have a very positive influence on him.
他的家庭对他有十分良好的影响。
(5)～(about sth.)|～(that...)有绝对把握，确信，肯定
She was quite positive about the amount of money involved.
她对所涉及的钱数十分肯定。be positive of/about对……有把握
positively adv.确实地；肯定地；毫无疑问地
passive adj.消极的；被动的知识拓展比较网站
positive，certain，definite与sure
(1)positive：语气强烈，指对自己的看法或作的结论的正确性有不可动摇的信念。
(2)certain：与sure同义，但语气比sure强，着重指有确切理由或不容置疑的证据所支持的确信。
(3)definite：指已毫无怀疑的余地。
(4)sure：侧重主观上对某事确信无疑。
①There is positive proof that he did it.
有确凿的证据证明他做了这件事。②We are sure of his innocence.
我们确信他是无辜的。
③I'm quite certain of that.
对那事我完全可以肯定。
④It's definite that he'll be late again.
他肯定又要迟到了。活学活用
用恰当词语填空
Her ________character didn't help her become an actress.
答案：positive 句意：她积极向上的性格对她成为一名演员来说没有什么帮助。positive表示“积极的，向上的”，符合语境。2．movement n.
(1)[U & C](身体部位的)运动，活动，转动
She observed the gentle movement of his chest as he breathed.
她观察着他呼吸时胸部的微微起伏。
(2)[U & C]移动，迁移，转移，活动
Troop movements can be observed from space by a satellite.
借助卫星可观察到部队的调动。 比较网站
movement，move与motion
(1)movement：通常抽象地指有规则的动作或定向运动，也可用于特指政治性的运动。
(2)move：着重指开始的行动或变化。
(3)motion：指不处于静止状态而在移动的过程中，强调运动本身，而不涉及其动因。
①We are starting a movement to clean up the city.
我们正在发动一个清洁城市的运动。②He made a move toward the door.
他朝门口走去。
③The object is no longer in motion.
该物体已不处于运动状态。
活学活用
完成句子
我们在树林里寻找走动的痕迹。
We watched the________ ________ ________in the trees.
答案：signs of movement3．backward adv. & adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)
①He took a step backward to let her pass.
他向后退了一步，让她过去。
②The technology was backward, but the system worked.
虽然技术落后，但系统还有效。(1)backward(s)and forward(s)来来回回
(2)bend/lean over backwards(to do sth.)(＝make a great effort)尽力，竭力
(3)forward adv. & adj.向前地(的)知识拓展①She rocked backwards and forwards on her chair.
她坐在摇椅上前后摇晃着。
②Although we bent over backwards to please her, our new manager was still very critical of our work.
尽管我们竭力讨好新经理，但她仍然对我们的工作百般挑剔。
③Move forward carefully or you'll slip.
小心地往前走，不然会滑倒。
④He is forward in his English.
他的英语有进步。图解助记活学活用
补全句子
他的话让她很生气，于是她头也不回地走了。
She went without ________ ________ ________because she got very angry with his words.
答案：a backward glance4．spin
(1)vi. & vt.(spun，spun)(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)
①She got up and spun a little turn.
她站起来转了一圈。
②The wheels of the car were spinning.
轿车的轮子飞速旋转。
③Can you spin thread?
你会纺线吗？(2) n.
①[C & U]高速旋转
Give the washing a short spin.
把洗过的衣服稍稍甩一下。
②[U] (网球、板球)旋转
The pitcher gave spin to the ball.
投手使球旋转。
③[C] (乘汽车等)兜风
Get your bicycle and come for a spin.
骑上你的自行车去兜一圈。
活学活用
补全句子
妈妈过去自己纺线。
Mother ________ ________ ________ her own thread.
答案：used to spin5．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的
①His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Coopernicus was cautious.
他的朋友们很热情，鼓励他把想法公诸于世，但哥白尼却小心谨慎。
②You don't sound enthusiastic about the idea.
你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣。(1)be enthusiastic about sth. 对某事很热衷，热爱
(2)be crazy/nuts about sb./sth.对某人很迷恋；对某事很热衷，很狂热
(3)enthusiasm n. 热心，热情，狂热
enthusiast n. 热衷于……的人，爱好者
enthusiastically adv. 热情地，热烈地知识拓展①He's always been enthusiastic about sports.
他一直对运动很热衷。
②He's crazy/nuts about basketball.
他热爱篮球。
活学活用
用恰当形式填空
She kept silent at first and I gathered from the way she replied that she wasn't very ________(enthusiasm)．
答案：enthusiastic 句意为“起初她保持沉默，而且我从她回答的方式判断，她并不热心”。此处需用形容作表语。
6．cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
①Losses make us more cautious.
损失使我们更谨慎。
②A cautious mind is the half of wisdom.
谨慎小心近于明智。caution n．谨慎，小心；警告，告诫
vt.警告，告诫
cautionary adj.劝告的，告诫的
cautiously adv.谨慎地，小心地知识拓展比较网站
cautious, careful
这两个形容词均含有“小心的，谨慎的”之意。
(1)cautious指人因担心某事危险或不明智而缓慢行事或小心谨慎；着重考虑事情的后果，谨慎留意，防止出差错。
People are now more cautious about buying luxuries.
现在人们购买奢侈品都经过认真考虑。
(2)careful侧重做事谨慎、留心，特别注意一些细节地方。其内涵为确保万无一失而做事小心仔细，并非担心害怕。
Be careful not to wake the baby.
注意别吵醒了宝宝。活学活用
(1)用恰当形式填空
Dad always drives with________(cautious)．He always says safety is the most important thing in the world.
答案：caution 句意：爸爸开车一直十分小心。他总是说安全是世界上最重要的事情。考查名词。with caution小心地，介词with后需接名词形式。cautious为形容词，意为“谨慎的；小心的”，不符合语境。
(2)补全句子
政府始终对这种问题持谨慎态度。
The Government have always treated this kind of issues ________ caution.
答案：with7．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃
①The suggestion was firmly rejected.
这个建议被断然否决。
②She rejected telling us the truth.
她拒不对我们讲实情。
③He rejected the old records.
他丢弃了那些旧唱片。
特别提示
reject后面通常跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不跟不定式。比较网站
reject, refuse, decline, deny
这些动词均含“拒绝”之意。
(1)reject多指由于某物、某事或某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝。
They rejected damaged goods.
他们拒收损坏的货物。
(2)refuse语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝。
He refused to take the money.
他拒绝接受此款。
(3)decline指正式地，婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。
I declined their offer of help.
我谢绝了他们提出的帮助。
(4)deny指坚决地拒绝接受、给予或承认。
She was angry at being denied the opportunity to see me.
因不准她见我，她非常生气。活学活用
(1)用恰当形式填空
I threatened to report the taxi driver for illegally ________ (reject)a passenger，but he pointed at his“Not for Hire”sign and drove away.
答案：rejecting 句意：我威胁说要举报出租车司机，因为他非法拒载乘客，但是他指了指“非出租”的牌子，然后开车走了。
(2)补全句子
社工的诚心建议最终使他摒弃了每天喝酒的坏习惯。
The social worker's sincere advice finally made him ________ his bad habit of drinking every day.
答案：reject1.be strict with...对……严格的
①He is very strict with his students.
他对学生很严格。
②Our manager is very strict with us.
我们的经理对我们要求很严格。be strict in/about (doing) sth.对(做)某事严格知识拓展①The teacher is strict about his work.
这位老师对工作严格要求。
②The hospital is quite strict about visiting hours.
该医院对探望时间的规定相当严格。活学活用
(1)用恰当介词填空
Our parents are very strict ________ us, but never too hard ________ us.
答案：with; on 句意：父母对我们要求非常严格，但从来不对我们太苛刻。be strict with sb.“对某人要求严格”；be hard on sb.“对某人苛刻”。(2)补全句子
①严格来说，西红柿并不是蔬菜。
Tomatoes are not，________(strict)speaking，vegetables.
②她不仅对我们所有人都很严格，对她自己的工作要求也很严格。
She is very strict not only________all of us，but________all her own work.
答案：①strictly ②with；about/in2．lead to
(1)导致，造成(结果)
①This will lead to great trouble.
这将导致极大的麻烦。
②Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
(2)通向，通往
The path leads to the village.
这条小路通向村庄。lead sb. to do sth.使得某人做某事；引导某人做某事
lead up to sth.是……的先导；是导致……的原因
lead (sb./sth.) in sth.(在某活动或领域中)领先
result in导致，造成
result from由……造成；因……而发生
bring about导致，造成知识拓展活学活用
用恰当形式填空
It is sleeping late in the evening that leads to________(late)for work.
答案：being late 句意为“正是晚上睡得晚才导致了上班迟到”。lead to意为“导致”，其中to为介词，后跟动词－ing形式。该句为强调句型，是Sleeping late in the evening leads to being late for work.的强调形式。3．make sense
(1)有道理，有意义，讲得通
I don't think what he said makes any sense.
我认为他的话没有意义。
(2)是明智的，是合情理的
It makes good sense to grow fruit trees on the hillside.
在山坡上种果树是明智的。
(3)表述清楚，易于理解，道理明显
John wasn't making much sense on the phone.
约翰在电话里说得不大清楚。(1)make sense of sth. 理解，弄懂(不易理解的事物)
Can you make sense of this poem?
你能明白这首诗的含义吗？
(2)bring sb. to one's senses使某人醒悟过来
Only failure can bring her to her senses.
只有失败才能使她醒悟过来。
(3)come to one's senses恢复理性，苏醒
He waited for Dora to come to her senses and return.
他盼着多拉冷静下来后回来。知识拓展
(4)in a sense在某种意义上说
In a sense(＝in one way) it doesn't matter any more.
在某种意义上说，这事已无关紧要了。
(5)in no sense决不
In no sense can you do it.
你决不能做此事。活学活用
补全句子
(1)有时候需要重新组织故事的段落以使我们弄懂。
Sometimes paragraphs need to be rearranged for the story________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：to make sense to us
(2)不要再说了。比起你说的话，我们更相信事实。你的解释没有意义。
Don't say that any more.We all believe the facts rather than your words.What you have explained_____________________.
答案：makes no sense1.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
这是一个由only加状语从句放在句首引起的倒装句。句子的正常语序为：The movements of the other planets in the sky made sense only if you put the sun there.。“only＋状语或状语从句”置于句首时主句要使用部分倒装，即把主句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。但only如果不是修饰状语，即使放在句首，句子也不倒装。
①Only in this way can we solve the problem.
只有通过这种方式，我们才能解决这个问题。
②Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.
只有在1949年战争结束后，他才能返回家乡。
③Only some of the children seemed to have understood it.
似乎只有一部分孩子明白。比较网站
if only, only if
(1)if only“但愿……，要是……就好了”，常引导含虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。
(2)only if“只要……”，only if本身是一个固定词组。only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若用于句首，后接从句，主句要部分倒装。
If only I had gone by taxi.
我要是乘出租车去就好了。活学活用
用恰当形式填空
Li Wei failed the job interview because of his poor English. Only then ________(realize)how important it was to learn English well.
答案：did he realize “only＋状语”放于句首时，句子应用部分倒装的形式。根据then可知时态应用一般过去时。2．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
本句中with the planets going round it and... the earth是with复合结构，在句中作状语。
with复合结构为“with＋宾语＋宾补”，在句中作状语或定语。其常见形式如下：(1)with＋名词(或代词)＋现在分词
With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起奢侈品。(原因状语)
(2)with＋名词(或代词)＋过去分词
The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.
小偷被带了进来，双手捆在背后。
(3)with＋名词(或代词)＋形容词
I like to sleep with the windows open.
我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。(伴随情况)(4)with＋名词(或代词)＋介词短语
①They often go climbing with bags on their backs.
他们经常背着书包去爬山。
②We live in a house with many flowers around it.
我们住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。(定语)
(5)with＋名词(或代词)＋副词
With the manager away, no one knew what to do.
经理不在，没有人知道该做什么。
(6)with＋名词(或代词)＋动词不定式，此时，不定式表示将发生的动作。
With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.
因为有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。(原因状语)活学活用
(1)完成句子
①他站着，手插在衣袋里。
He stood __________________________.
②这个男孩低着头站在那里。
The boy stood there ____________________.
答案：①with his hands in his pockets ②with his head down
(2)用恰当词语填空
________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
答案：With 句意：担心着两次考试，这个周末我必须努力学习了。“with＋名词＋不定式”为with复合结构，不定式表示将要发生的动作，表示原因。(3)用恰当形式填空
With the rain ________(fall)so heavily, it becomes more and more difficult to carry on the rescue work.
答案：falling 句意：雨下得这么大，使救援工作的进行越来越困难。“with＋名词/代词＋不定式/分词/形容词等”可在句中作伴随、时间、原因等状语，本题中with复合结构作伴随状语，此处指雨还在下，表示正在进行的动作，故用现在分词形式。with复合结构中，名词/代词后用不定式表示将要发生的动作，用过去分词表示被动或完成的动作。写作指导人物类写作指导一、写作内容
1．age，sex，birth－place，background(概况)
2．appearance，character(外表、性格)
3．education(教育背景)
4．big events in his or her life(in order of time)(经历、生平)
5．evaluation(评价)二、写作技巧
1．介绍概况：同位语结构、分词结构，使文章简洁。如：
(1)Ye Shiwen，a world champion in swimming (一位游泳世界冠军)，is a girl of 17 from Zhejiang.(同位语)
(2)Born in Maryland，USA in 1985 (他1985年出生于美国马里兰州)，Michael Phelps is a famous swimmer.(分词短语)
2．描写外貌：巧用with短语。如：
My history teacher is a beautiful woman，with long hair and big eyes (她长着两只大眼睛，留着长发)．3．生平事迹：尽量用复合句、并列句、非谓语动词短语和倒装等高级语句。如：
(1)In his life，he got many honours，one of which is the 2012 CCTV Moving China Award (其中包括获得“2012感动中国年度人物”的称号)．(定语从句)
(2)In 2012，having broken the world record and got the gold medal (在他打破世界纪录并获得金牌之后)，he became the idol of the youth.(分词短语)
(3)Not only does he show interest in science (他不但对科学极有兴趣)，but also he has a gift for music.(倒装句式)
4．评价：尽量运用短语。如：
Zhang Lili set an good example to us(给我们树立了一个良好的榜样)，so all the people show great respect to her (很敬重她)．实战演练
根据下列提示，写一篇介绍我国著名的水稻专家袁隆平的文章。
1．袁隆平， 1937年9月7日出生在重庆的一个贫困农民家庭。
2．1953年毕业于西南农学院，毕业后被分配到湘西农校任教。
3．1964年开始从事水稻研究。1981年荣获我国第一个国家发明特等奖，被国际上誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
4．生活简朴，不计名利。
注意：(1)要有标题。
(2)介绍须包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
写作要求：只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
______________________________________________
______________________________________________参考范文：
Father of Hybrid Rice
Born on September 7, 1937 in Chongqing, Yuan Longping was from a poor farmer's family. Having graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953, he was sent to work as a teacher in the Agriculture School in the west of Hunan. He began his research in rice in 1964 and got the First National Special Prize for Invention in 1981. He is honored as “Father of Hybrid Rice” by the international friends. Famous as he is, he cares little for money and fame.Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She had a great eye for color and came up with some ________ (有创造力的) ideas for our house.
2．He is p________ to believe in the being of God.
3．Scientists watch the moon to get data about its ________ (运动，移动)．
4．Yesterday one told me that there is a kind of bird; it's the only one which can fly b________.
5．Let's s________ the coin to decide whether to go or not.
6．A lot of people in Shanghai are e________ football fans.7．We shouldn't r________ his offers because the time is running out.
8．She p_____ told the secret to me and I promised to keep it.
9．In the _____ (革命的) practice, he went for truth all the way.
10．She is an ________ (专家) on these incredible animals and has made it her life work to study them.
答案：1.creative 2.positive 3.movement 4.backward 5.spin 6.enthusiastic 7.reject 8.privately 9.revolutionary
10．expertⅡ.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空1．Our coach________us when we practiced driving cars.
2．I tend to accept any idea________by experts on TV.
3．You can be really annoying________ you know.
4．Eating too much sugar can________health problems.
5．He was________refusing to answer their questions.
6. ________you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.7．It doesn't________to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
8．For a few weeks in the summer, visitors are able to________Buckingham Palace.
9．I don't have time to________you about this.
10. I had a good impression of Tom when I met him________.
答案：1.was strict with 2.put forward 3.at times 4.lead to 5．punished for 6.Only if 7.make sense 8.go round 9.argue with 10.for the first timeⅢ.用适当的介词或副词填空
1．The quarrel led ________ the fighting between the two villagers.
2．He is always positive ________ trying new ideas.
3．His father is very strict ________ him and ________ his studies too.
4．We should base our theory ________ facts.
5．The photo calls up the memory of his childhood ________ times.
答案：1.to 2.about 3.with；in/about 4.on 5.at课件12张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修5Great ScientistsUnit 1(2015·课标全国Ⅱ·C)
More students than ever before are taking a gap－year (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off”between school and university.The gap－year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)．
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well－planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”he said.But not everyone is happy.Owain James，the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.
文章大意：本文讲述了在美国，越来越多的高中毕业生通过休学一年的方式(gap year)来积累经验，为未来的大学生活做准备，但是也有人认为，在这一年里很多学生不得不被迫打工赚取上学的费用。1．What do we learn about the gap year from the text?
A．It is flexible in length.
B．It is a time for relaxation.
C．It is increasingly popular.
D．It is required by universities.
答案：C 细节理解题。由第一段第一句More students than ever before are taking a gap－year (间隔年)before going to university.及第三段第一句That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.可知，间隔年越来越受到欢迎，故选C项。2．According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year______.
A．are better prepared for college studies
B．know a lot more about their future jobs
C．are more likely to leave university in debt
D．have a better chance to enter top universities
答案：A 推理判断题。由题干中的人名Tony Higgins定位到文章第三段，根据他所说的话“Students who take a well－planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”可知，他认为，花费一年时间计划的学生更成熟和有责任感，由此可以推断出他认为他们能更好地为大学学习做准备，故选A项。3．How does Owain James feel about the gap－year phenomenon?
A．He's puzzled. B．He's worried.
C．He's surprised. D．He's annoyed.
答案：B 推理判断题。由题干中的Owain James定位到文章最后一段，根据第二句．..young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.可知，越来越多的学生会在结束学业之前被迫去挣钱，他对此是担忧的，故选B项。4．What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?
A．Attend additional courses.
B．Make plans for the new term.
C．Earn money for their education.
D．Prepare for their graduate studies.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods...可知此处应选C项。Unit 1 综合测试题
时间：120分钟，满分：150分
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题； 每小题1.5分， 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．When will the man pick up the woman?
A．At 10?30. B．At 10?50.
C．At 11?05.
2．What does the man think of the jacket?
A．Small. B．Heavy.
C．Big.
3．Where is Mary?
A．She is in her bedroom.
B．She is out somewhere.
C．She is in the kitchen.
4．Where is the woman now?
A．In a gym.
B．In a store.
C．In a restaurant.
5．How much will the man pay in total?
A．$4. B．$6.
C．$8.
第二节(共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．What kind of hotel is the man looking for?
A．An inexpensive hotel.
B．A comfortable hotel.
C．A modern hotel.
7．How long will the man stay in the hotel?
A．One night.
B．Two nights.
C．Three nights.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8．What day is it today?
A．Friday. B．Thursday.
C．Wednesday.
9．How many people are going to the restaurant?
A．Three. B．Four.
C．Five.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Who is the man probably?
A．A foreign student.
B．Kate's boyfriend.
C．The woman's friend.
11．What is Kate doing now?
A．Watching a film.
B．Reading a book.
C．Making a phone call.
12．Why is the man asking so many questions tonight?
A．To know more about the family.
B．To improve his spoken English.
C．To get close to Kate.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What did the woman plan to study at first?
A．Law. B．Art.
C．Business.
14．Why does the woman decide to study medicine now?
A．Because doctors are highly paid.
B．Because people always respect doctors.
C．Because there are not enough doctors in China.
15．What is the man studying?
A．Marketing. B．History.
C．English.
16．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The two speakers are classmates.
B．The man has also changed his mind.
C．The woman gives the man some useful advice.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What does Sean do?
A．A farmer. B．A student.
C．A businessman.
18．What did Sean do recently?
A．He bought a land.
B．He did some research.
C．He created a website.
19．How long did it take twenty volunteers to turn a grassy land into a farm?
A．Six weekends.
B．Two weeks.
C．Within a week.
20．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to run a farm well.
B．A new type of farming.
C．Starting a farm.
答案：1－5 AABCB 6－10 AACBA 11－15 CBACC
16－20 BBCAB
听力原文
Text 1
W：Are you coming to pick me up?
M：It's 10?15. I'll be there in 15 minutes.
Text 2
M：May I have a look at the bigger jacket? This one is a little small.
W：Yes，of course! What size do you wear?
Text 3
W：Hello，is that Mary speaking?
M：Sorry，she is out. May I take a message?
Text 4
M：Can I help you?
W：Yes，I'd like a table on the second floor.
M：For how many people?
W：Two. Thank you.
Text 5
M：How much does one ticket cost?
W：Two dollars for adults and children's tickets are half price.
M：I want two tickets for my children and two tickets for me and my wife.
W：OK. Here you are.
Text 6
W：Good evening. A table for two?
M：No，thank you. But we have a small problem. Can you help us?
W：Sure. What can I do for you?
M：We are looking for a hotel. Are there any hotels near here?
W：Yes. There are some hotels on this street. The nearest one is next to the bank. It's quite modern.
M：Do you think there are any inexpensive ones nearby? We are leaving tomorrow morning.
W：Yes. Drive west for about two minutes and you will find a grey building on the right side. It is a traditional family style hotel, very comfortable，and the price is quite reasonable.
M：It sounds nice. Thank you very much for your help.
W：That's all right.
Text 7
W：Good afternoon. Sunflower Restaurant. Can I help you?
M：Good afternoon. This is Carl Wong from the AFL Insurance. I'd like to reserve a table for tomorrow afternoon.
W：No problem. So that is Thursday, the 24th of March. What time will you arrive?
M：One o'clock.
W：OK. And how many people?
M：Mr. Simple and I and two of our clients.
W：OK. Anything else?
M：Could we have a table by the window? We always enjoy the view there.
W：Sure, no problem.
M：By the way, we would prefer the special Italian menu. And we will pay by Visa, as usual.
Text 8
M：Hello, Mrs. Green. Can you help me? I'm doing my homework and I can't understand this question.
W：Which one? Oh ... that is difficult. I can't help you right away. I'm watching something on TV.
M：Oh? What are you watching?
W：I'm watching a cowboy film.
M：Can Mr. Green help me?
W：No，he can't now，Jack. He is reading.
M：What is he reading?
W：He is reading a magazine.
M：What about Kate?
W：Oh, she can't help you, either. She is making a phone call now.
M：Oh? Who is she calling?
W：She is calling her boyfriend. You are asking a lot of questions tonight, Jack.
M：Am I? Well，I'm practicing my English.
Text 9
M：Hi，Lucy! It's nice to see you again.
W：You know, Jack, I have intended to call you for a long time.
M：Me，too. How have you been?
W：Pretty good.
M：Last time I saw you, you were planning to go to law school, weren't you?
W：Yes, I was. But as it turned out, I changed my mind.
M：Oh, really? What changed your mind?
W：Well, the simple reason is that at the moment doctors are badly needed in China. So I've decided to go to medical school instead.
M：Medical school? That's very interesting.
W：And how about you? Do you still intend to study business?
M：No, I have also changed my mind.
W：What are you studying now?
M：English.
W：Why?
M：If I master the English language well, I'm sure I can do better in the future.
W：Oh，that sounds great!
Text 10
For many years, people in American cities have depended on farmers in rural areas to grow fruits and vegetables. But now a new generation of farmers is planting crops in urban areas.
Sean is a college student. He wants to start a farm in the middle of Seattle, Washington. He says there are a lot of neighborhoods that don't have ways to get healthy, fresh produce. And if they do, it can be very expensive. So he sees unused space as a great place to grow food that will make it more easy for people to get good food.
Recently Sean created a website to get volunteers and donations. Within a week, they were offered a plot of land between two houses. Twenty volunteers worked for six weekends to turn the grassy land into a farm.
Seattle has declared 2010 “The Year of Urban Agriculture”. But the growth of these farms is limited. That is because Seattle, like a lot of other cities，has restrictions on urban farms. The City Council is now considering changing those laws.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
He is regarded as having one of the brightest minds on the planet. But outstanding astrophysicist(天体物理学家) Stephen Hawking has admitted that he did not learn to read until he was eight years old.
In a public lecture at the Royal Albert Hall，Professor Hawking also admitted that he was not active in studying while at Oxford University，where he studied physics，and that only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neurone(神经元) disease made him concentrate on his work.
Professor Hawking said: “My sister Philippa could read by the age of 4 but then she was definitely brighter than me.”He said that he was unexceptional at school and was never further than halfway up his class.“My classwork was very untidy，and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers，”he said.“But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein，so presumably they saw signs of something better.”
But he said that it was when doctors told him that he probably only had a few years to live at the age of 21 that galvanized him into focusing on his work and a period of productivity that resulted in some of his early breakthroughs. He said，“When you are faced with the possibility of an early death，it makes you realize that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.”
文章大意：文章向我们介绍了传奇科学家霍金。
21．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Stephen Hawking is the second Einstein in the world.
B．Stephen Hawking couldn't read at the age of 7.
C．Stephen Hawking's handwriting was once terribly bad.
D．Stephen Hawking's sister once performed much better than him.
答案：A 细节理解题。由第三段的But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein，so presumably they saw signs of something better.可知绰号“爱因斯坦”是同学给起的，但并不意味着他就是第二个爱因斯坦。故A项不符合文意。
22．What made Stephen Hawking devote himself to his work?
A．Patience. B．Knowledge.
C．Disease. D．Laziness.
答案：C 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句．..only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neurone disease made him concentrate on his work.可知，是“运动神经元疾病”促使他有所作为。故选C项。
23．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Stephen Hawking didn't realize his dreams in physics.
B．It was possible for Hawking to face the early death.
C．The purpose of the doctor's diagnosis was to encourage him to work hard.
D．His life might be taken away by long hard work.
答案：B 段落大意题。由最后一段，特别是信息句He said，“When you are faced with the possibility of an early death，it makes you realize that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.”可知，他有可能要面对英年早逝的不幸事实。故选B项。
24．From whom did Hawking get a relatively just estimation when he was at school?
A．His sister. B．His classmates.
C．His teachers. D．His parents.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后霍金的话可知，尽管老师不看好他，同学们仍给他“爱因斯坦”的绰号，他们从他身上看到好的一面。
B
It was a late Wednesday night when the dreading(可怕的) phone call reached our home. I sat up, so I could hear the phone call better. To my surprise, I heard my mom burst into tears. “Get the car Dean! Andrea has been in a car accident.”
We_ran_every_stop_sign_on_the_way_to_the_hospital_and_our_tiresscreeched_around_every_corner.We got to the hospital, but were not allowed to see Andrea. The next morning, after wearing masks, we were allowed to go to the ICU to see Andrea. Well, the least I could say was that everything was injured in her body and she lost all of her memories. It was a fatal accident.
Over the next two months, I lived more at the hospital than I did at my house.I watched as Andrea worked so hard to gain back everyday motor skills. She never once complained or pitied herself，and her determined spirit was shining through. After two weeks in the ICU and two months of the regular hospital treatment, Andrea was able to come home. She missed several months of school, so it was hard for her to catch up.Andrea had tasks to accomplish, and no matter how hard it was, she stuck with them until the job was done. Though busy with dealing with pain and therapy, she always found time to love and play with me.
I'll never forget the impact that this incident made on my life.I admire her strong－willed personality and her determined spirit. Today she is perfectly normal, despite the scars and the pins holding her leg in place. I couldn't ask for a better sister, hero, or best friend.
文章大意：本文讲述了作者的姐姐在事故后如何坚强地克服困难，顽强地生存下来的故事，以及这样的经历对作者的深刻影响。
25．The writer sat up to hear the call because he ________.
A．sensed that something terrible had happened
B．might be very concerned about who phoned so late
C．wanted to scold the people who phoned so late
D．was not sure whether the telephone concerned him
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话中作者提到电话铃声是“可怕的”，于是就坐起来听到底是什么事情，可推知他可能感觉到有不好的事情发生，故选A项。
26．From the underlined sentence in the second paragraph, we can infer that________.
A．the family did not obey the traffic rules
B．the writer's father was not good at driving
C．the whole family were too anxious to see Andrea
D．their house was very far from the hospital
答案：C 推理判断题。画线部分的字面意思为“在去医院的路上我们闯过一个个红灯，我们的轮胎在每一个拐角处都发出尖锐刺耳的声音。”可推知家人非常着急赶往医院，由此可知选C项。
27．________mainly made her recover from the car accident.A. The family's encouragement
B．Andrea's strong will
C．The treatment
D．The eagerness for study
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She never once complained or pitied herself，and her determined spirit was shining through.”以及最后一段中的内容可知是Andrea的坚强意志使得她从事故中康复。
28．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．A Miracle Happening to My Sister
B．My Sister—the Hero in My Life
C．An Accident Which Changed My Sister
D．An Incident Which Influenced Me Much
答案：B 主旨大意题。整篇文章讲述了姐姐Andrea在出车祸后，勇敢地面对生活，凭借坚强的意志恢复健康，对作者产生了非常深刻的影响。这在最后一句中可以看出来，他称姐姐是他最好的姐姐、最好的英雄、最好的朋友。故选B项。
C
Samuel Osmond is a 19－year－old boy student from Cornwall, England. He never studied thepiano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts. Then he thinks about the notes in his head. Two years ago, he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata(奏鸣曲) by Beethoven. He surprised everyone around him.
Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly, his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable. They say his ability is very rare, but Samuel doesn't even realize that what he can do is special. Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studied law and music.
Samuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised. “I grew up with music. My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me—I hear the notes and can bear them in mind—each and every note.” says Samuel.
Recently, Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college. The piece had more than a thousand notes. The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can't play it. Samuel says confidently, “It's all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.”
However, Samuel's ability to remember things doesn't stop with music. His family says that even when he was a young boy, Samuel heard someone read a story, and then he could retell the story word for word.
Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesn't know what he wants to do in the future. For now，he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.
文章大意：本文是记叙文，介绍了一位有罕见的音乐天才的少年Samuel Osmond。
29．What is special about Samuel Osmond?
A．He has a gift for writing music.
B．He can write down the note he hears.
C．He is a top student at the law school.
D．He can play the musical piece he hears.
答案：D 细节理解题。由第一段中的However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them可知他能演奏他听过的乐曲，故选D。
30．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.
B．Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.
C．Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.
D．Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.
答案：B 细节理解题。由第二段最后两句 “Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. 可知他原本想要当律师而不是音乐家，故选B项。
31．What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4?
A．He became famous during a special event at his college.
B．He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.
C．He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.
D．He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.
答案：B 推理判断题。由第四段最后一句话，Samuel says confidently, “It's all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.”可以看出Samuel以拥有超强的记忆力而骄傲。故选B项。
32．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．The Qualities of a Musician
B．The Story of a Musical Talent.
C．The Importance of Early Education
D．The Relationship between Memory and Music
答案：B 主旨大意题。每段都有Samuel，全文都是说有音乐天才的Samuel的故事，故选B项。
D
Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees (雇员)and profits (利润) of over $2 million per year. He's never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. “Your working uniform is your shelter，” he told her. “Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be.”
Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions (情绪). Most importantly, it taught him willpower.
At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all－important habit: willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person's success.
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people with great self－control aren't working hard—but that's because they've made it automatic，” Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. “Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it.”
The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self－control. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers' lives. Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.
文章大意：本文介绍了一个公司中对员工进行意志力的训练和要求。
33．We learn from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must ________.
A．learn to give lectures
B．attend education programs
C．design a working uniform
D．develop a common hobby
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文中的an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation可知本题答案为B项。
34．Willpower will become a habit when employees can ________.
A．focus on the profits
B．benefit from the job
C．protect themselves well
D．control their feelings well
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第四段的Sometimes it looks like people with great self－control aren't working hard—but that's because they're made it automatic可知本题答案为D项。
35．What can we infer from the passage?
A．G&G has grown into a large company.
B．G&G will spend half its profits training employees.
C．G&G may become more successful in the future.
D．G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第五段的最后一句话Those courses are，in part... thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year 可知，这个公司注重员工意志力的培养，从一个疲软的公司成为利润很高的公司，可知，将来也会更成功。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I'm 30 years old, and there are several things that life has taught me that I want to share with you. Here are the 4 lessons that life has taught me in the past 30 years.
1. Take Care of Your Body
Life is “unfairly” biased(偏向的) towards people who “look good”， like it or not. So it's important that you do all that is in your power to look your best.__36__You will live longer，and you will live happier, if you take care of your body; you may even get promoted faster on your job. Remember that your health is really your greatest wealth.
2．__37__
No one taught me to save when I was growing up; no one told me the importance of saving. Fortunately I was able to learn the value of saving through reading great books like The Millionaire Next Door. What I want to teach others is to save at least twenty percent of your income. If you are to be wealthy, you must not just earn a lot, you must save a lot.
3．Think long－term
In high school I was thinking about college；in college I was thinking about life after college. I'm designing my life and I'm making decisions today that will enable me to live the life I desire when I'm in my 40's, 50's and 60's. You have to think long－term；you have to see the “big picture.”__38__
4. Realize the Power of Focus
Focus, focus, focus...__39__If you fail in this lifetime, you will fail because of broken focus. If you focus on the goals that are most important to you, you will achieve them. The problem is that there are so many distractions.__40__Winners decide to major on majors, and they even let important things slip，because they just focus on achieving what is critical to their goals.
A．The importance of saving.
B．If you plan your future properly，you will live into your plans.
C．Save Your Money.
D．Nothing is more critical than focus.
E．What separates the winners from the losers is that the winners learn to focus on their goal.
F．I mean dressing nicely, working out and eating right.
G．It's critical that you pursue relationships with individuals who are good first.
答案：
36．F 根据下面“You will live longer，and you will live happier”说明本句是说要穿得好，吃得好，还要经常锻炼。故F项符合上下文。
37．C 根据本段“What I want to teach others is to save at least twenty percent of your income.”倡导我们要存钱，以防意外情况的出现。
38．B 本段的标题是Think long－term即我们要有长远打算，要有恰当的未来计划，如果我们有了这样的计划，我们就能实现自己的目标。
39．D 根据该空前三个词，说明本段强调的是要集中注意力于我们的目标。
40．E 根据本句的上一句和下一句都是在强调要想成功就得把注意力集中于我们的目标上，这正是失败者和成功者最大的区别。故E项符合要求。
第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节；满分45分)
第一节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)，选出最佳选项。
“Mum, I want to make you a bet，” I said. “If I go a whole year without TV, will you give me a hundred dollars？”
“Well, if you can __41__ do it, ...”
“Of course I can，” I replied, __42__ to believe myself.
__43__， all this started from my __44__ of a picture in the newspaper. I couldn't stand looking at that boy, __45__to have gone one year without TV for a hundred dollars, staring at me with mocking(嘲笑的) eyes. He seemed to __46__ at me! “I did it, __47__ you can't！” he said. I __48__ at the boy's face angrily.
That year I did a lot of things. __49__， my father taught me to ski, which became my favourite sport. Many winter afternoons snowball wars with my neighbours __50__ daily drama. I went on bike trips with my friends and __51__as much as a fish.
It was unbelievable how much__52__ I had without TV. I learned so many new games. I guess the biggest thing I learnt, __53__， was self－motivation(自我激励)．
I started to do my __54__.I went from a D student to an A student within a couple of weeks.
I __55__ hate reading if there were no __56__， but now I began to read and enjoy it. I could make up all the __57__ just the way I wanted them—my own little __58__， right inside my head!
I'm __59__ what I did. I got a lot more from the __60__ than just the 100 dollars!
文章大意：本文讲的是“我”与母亲打赌，一年之内不看电视。这对原本很喜欢看电视的“我”来说简直是不可思议的事。不过那年“我”真的做到了，而且也有了很大变化：“我”由一个经常不及格的学生变成了一个优秀的学生，由原来不爱看书变成现在喜欢看书。
41．A.only B．really
C．occasionally D．finally
答案：B 上文提到“我”与母亲打赌，根据语境可看出妈妈对“我”戒掉看电视的习惯还有些怀疑。
42．A.trying B．advising
C．needing D．asking
答案：A 从下文谈到报纸上的那个男孩及“我”的感受来看，“我”在回答妈妈的话时，想极力表现出自信，故用trying(分词短语作状语)。
43．A.However
B．What's more
C．As a result
D．In fact
答案：D 前面说“我”与妈妈打赌，此处通过in fact引出打赌的原因，即与妈妈打赌事实上是由报纸上的一幅图画引起的。
44．A.joy B．disbelief
C．anger D．curiosity
答案：C 从后面的小男孩嘲笑的眼神等可推测，报纸上的那幅画让“我”感到气愤。
45．A.managed B．expected
C．said D．had
答案：C 上文说“我”通过读报获悉一男孩因为一年没看电视而得到100美元的故事，此处是对这种情况的具体展开。由于逗号前没有连词，故此处用过去分词，即用said作定语，相当于who was said to have gone one year without TV...。
46．A.glare B．laugh
C．come D．shoot
答案：B 由上文．..staring at me with mocking eyes可推测，此处填laugh才能在语意上保持一致。laugh at意为“嘲笑”；glare at意为“盯着”；come at意为“向……扑去”；shoot at意为“向……开枪”。
47．A.and B．but
C．or D．besides
答案：B 前面说“我做到了”，与后面的you can't构成转折关系，故用but。
48．A.watched B．listened
C．saw D．looked
答案：D 前面说“我”好像被那男孩嘲笑了，心里非常生气，故用looked at the boy's face angrily才能在语意上与其保持一致。
49．A.Worse still B．Such as
C．For example D．In place
答案：C 前面说那年“我”做了很多事，从下文的爸爸教“我”ski，还有snowball wars，bike trips等来看，此处是举例来说明，故用for example。
50．A.replaced B．formed
C．offered D．joined
答案：C 此处通过例子说明，为摆脱看电视，“我”从事了各种各样的有趣的活动，其中打雪仗给“我”带来了很多的紧张和刺激。
51．A.ran B．swam
C．breathed D．jumped
答案：B 由a fish可联想到“游泳”，故用B。
52．A.difficulty B．knowledge
C．fun D．trouble
答案：C 此处是对上面内容所做的总结，“不可相信的是没有电视我也可以玩得那么有趣”，即一年来“我”所从事的各种丰富多彩的活动给“我”带来很多乐趣。
53．A.though B．but
C．luckily D．even
答案：A “我”没有看电视却学到了很多新游戏，与后面的“我”学到的最重要的东西就是自我激励为转折关系。由于此空在句中且有逗号分开，故此处应用though(但是)，但不能用but。
54．A.washing B．shopping
C．sports D．homework
答案：D 由后面的考试成绩由D到现在的A可推测，“我”现在开始做作业了。
55．A.came to B．used to
C．stopped to D．happened to
答案：B 由后面的but now可推测，此处说的是“过去”的事情，这与“现在”形成对比，故用used to。
56．A.pictures B．explanations
C．plots D．praises
答案：A 从本段来看，此处谈论的是读书问题。由上文可知“我”过去喜欢看电视(画面)，若看书就看有图画的书，没有图画就不愿看。此处选pictures才与“我”过去的实际相吻合。
57．A.stories B．sports
C．pictures D．games
答案：C “我”现在不看电视而喜欢读书，把读到的东西构想出图画，让它们以自己的方式在大脑里形成画面。picture图画。
58．A.TV B．books
C．work D．drama
答案：A 把读书看到的东西以自己的方式编造或构想成画面，从而在大脑中形成自己的小“电视”。这是一种比喻。
59．A.surprised at B．interested in
C．proud of D．changed by
答案：C 原认为不可思议的事，而“我”却真的做到了，因此说“我”对自己所做的事情感到非常自豪和骄傲。
60．A.experience B．bet
C．incident D．picture
答案：A 整整一年不看电视，做了很多其他的事，从而使生活更加丰富多彩，从这样的“经历”中得到的东西远比100美元多。
第二节：(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
William Henry Gates III was born on October 28,1955. He is one of the world's richest people and perhaps the most successful businessman ever.
Gates was fascinated by__61__(electronic) at a early age. In 1975 he read about a small technology company. He contacted them to see if they were interested in a computer programme he __62__(write) , which led to the creation of Microsoft. Gates __63__(late) struck a deal with IBM that put Microsoft's Windows on IBM computers. This deal made Microsoft a major player in the IT industry.
Gates was __64__charge at Microsoft from 1975 to 2006.He was an active software developer at the __65__(begin)．He had a vision __66__computers could change everyone's life. He helped make this vision come true and developed many __67__(produce)that are now part of modern life. His management style has been studied__68__copied around the world these years. He now spends his time with his wife, Melinda, __69__(focus) on their charitable foundation. They provide funds for__70__(globe)problems that are ignored by governments and other organizations. Time magazine voted Gates as one of the biggest influences of the 20th century.
61．______ 62.______ 63.______ 64.______ 65.______
66．______ 67.______ 68.______ 69.______ 70.______
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主要为我们叙述了比尔·盖茨三世的一些情况。盖茨是一名美国著名企业家、软件工程师、慈善家以及微软公司的董事长。
答案：
61．electronics考查名词。electronic为形容词，表示“电子的”，根据句意“盖茨很小的时候就对电子学着迷了”可知，此处答案为名词形式electronics“电子学”。
62．had written考查动词时态。此处he had written为定语从句，修饰a computer programme，根据此句话用一般过去时可以得知，此处用过去完成时had written，表示在过去某个时间以前已经完成的动作。
63．later考查副词。此处表示“后来，盖茨与美国国际商用机器公司达成了协议”，故用later表示“后来”。
64．in 考查介词。in charge为固定搭配，表示“主管；负责”。
65．beginning考查名词。根据此处提示可以得知，此处表示“一开始时”，故用begin的名词形式beginning。
66．that考查连接词。根据空格前后语境可以得知，此处考查that引导同位语从句，解释说明vision的具体内容。
67．products考查名词。此处表示“研制开发了很多产品”，produce为动词“生产”，作名词时意为“农产品”，此处表示工业产品，故用products。
68．and考查连词。句意：这些年，在全世界，他的管理方式一直被研究并被模仿。studied与copied之间为并列关系，故用连词and。
69．focusing考查非谓语动词。根据此句话中的spends his time...可以得知，此处考查spend time doing sth，故答案为focusing。
70．global 考查形容词。globe为名词，意为“地球”，此处用其形容词global作定语，修饰problems。
第四部分：写作(满分35分)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号∧，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉。
修改：在错词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear editor，
I am a self－taught student. I study very hard to pass all my exams with high scores.Many of friends are self－taught students, either. We often discuss our lessons together and we helped each other. So few of them are confident(自信)．They feel ashamed to be known for self－taught. In my opinion, whatever education we get, we all try to work hard to be useful for the society. If you are a self－taught student，please be confident and studying hard. If you are not, the next time you will meet them, don't look down upon them. Try to encourage them and make friend with them.
Yours，
Charles Yan
答案：
Dear editor，
I am a self－taught student. I study very hard to pass all my exams with high scores. Many offriends are self－taught students, . We often discuss our lessons together and we each other. few of them are confident(自信)．They feel ashamed to be known self－taught. In my opinion, whatever education we get, we all try to work hard to be useful the society. If you are a self－taught student，please be confident and hard. If you are not, the next time you will meet them, don't look down upon them. Try to encourage them and make with them.
Yours，
Charles Yan
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
请以Madame Curie为题，写一篇100词左右的英语短文。要点如下：
1．Madame Curie(1867—1934)是世界上著名的女科学家。
2．她出生在波兰的一个教师家庭，从小就爱学习，并希望成为女科学家，16岁中学毕业，24岁赴巴黎就读于巴黎大学，生活俭朴，学习刻苦。
3．她一生致力于科学研究，于1903年和1911年分别获得诺贝尔物理奖和诺贝尔化学奖。
4．居里夫人作为一名伟大的女性将永远为人们所怀念。
参考词汇：波兰Poland诺贝尔物理奖the Nobel Prize for Physics诺贝尔化学奖the Nobel Prize for Chemistry
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Madame Curie
Madame Curie (1867－1934)was a famous woman scientist.
She was born in a teacher's family in Poland. From her early childhood, she loved to study and hoped to become a scientist. She finished middle school at the age of 16. At 24 she left for Paris and entered Paris University. She lived a very simple life and studied very hard.
Madame Curie devoted her whole life to the study of science. She won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 and for Chemistry in 1911.
It is not easy for a woman to succeed in her work. It is even more difficult for a woman to win the Nobel Prize twice. So Madame Curie will always be remembered as a great woman.
