中考英语重要考点——动名词（Gerund）讲义及练习（含答案）

中考英语重要考点——动名词（Gerund）讲义及练习
Gerund什么是动名词
动名词是动词的另一种非谓语动词形式。动名词看起来和现在分词完全一样，但是理解两者的区别是很有用的。动名词的功能总是和名词一样(虽然看起来像动词)。
动名词的用法
The gerund as the subject of the sentence作主语
动名词短语作主语，属于单数概念
Examples
Eating people is wrong.吃人是错误的
Hunting tigers is dangerous.猎杀老虎是危险的
Flying makes me nervous.飞行让我紧张
Brushing your teeth is important.刷牙很重要。
Smoking causes lung cancer.吸烟会导致肺癌。
The gerund as the complement of the verb 'to be'动名词作为动词“to be”的表语
Examples
One of his duties is attending meetings.他的职责之一是参加会议。
The hardest thing about learning English is understanding the gerund.学习英语中最难的部分是理解动名词。
One of life's pleasures is having breakfast in bed.人生的一大乐趣就是在床上吃早餐。
The gerund after prepositions介词后的动名词
当介词后面跟有动词时，必须使用动名词。一些以介词结尾的短语也是如此，例如“in spite of（尽管）”和“there's no point in（做……没有意义）”。
Examples
Can you sneeze without opening your mouth 你能不张嘴就打喷嚏吗？
She is good at painting.她擅长画画
She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.她为了避免碰到他，特意走在了马路的另一边。
We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.我们开了一整夜车后抵达了马德里。
My father decided against postponing his trip to Hungary.我父亲决定不推迟去匈牙利的旅行。
There's no point in waiting.等下去没有意义。
In spite of missing the train, we arrived on time.尽管错过了火车，我们还是准时到达了。
The gerund after phrasal verbs短语动词后的动名词
Phrasal verbs are composed of a verb + preposition or adverb.动词加上介词或副词组成的短语动词
Examples
When will you give up smoking
She always puts off going to the dentist.
He kept on asking for money.
Jim ended up buying a new TV after his old one broke.
有一些短语动词中包含作为介词的“to”，例如“look forward to（期待）”，“take to（带到……去）”，“be accustomed to（习惯于）”，“get around to（腾出时间做）”，“be used to（习惯于）”。在这些情况下，重要的是要认识到“to”是一个介词，因为它后面必须跟动名词。它不是动词不定式的一部分。你可以检查“to”是介词还是不定式的一部分。如果你能在“to”后面加上代词“it”并形成一个有意义的句子，那么“to”就是介词，后面必须跟动名词。
Examples
I look forward to hearing from you soon.我期待尽快收到你的来信
I look forward to it.
I am used to waiting for buses.我已经习惯了等公交车。
I am used to it.
She didn't really take to studying English.她真的不喜欢学英语。
She didn't really take to it.
When will you get around to mowing the grass 你什么时候会腾出时间来修剪草坪？
When will you get around to it
The gerund in compound nouns复合名词中的动名词
复合名词中的动名词，其意义显然是名词性的，而不是表示持续进行的动词。例如，“swimming pool”（游泳池）指的是用于游泳的池子，而不是正在游泳的池子。
Examples
I am giving Sally a driving lesson.我正在给萨莉上驾驶课。
They have a swimming pool in their back yard.他们后院有一个游泳池。
I bought some new running shoes.我买了一些新的跑鞋。
The gerund after some expressions在某些固定表达之后的动名词
The gerund is necessary after the expressions can't help, can't stand, to be worth, & it's no use.在表示“can't help忍不住;无法控制”、“can't stand受不了”、“to be worth值得”、“it's no use没用”之后，必须用动名词是必要的。
Examples
She couldn't help falling in love with him.她情不自禁地爱上了他
I can't stand being stuck in traffic jams.我受不了被堵在交通拥堵中。
It's no use trying to escape.试图逃跑是没有用的。
It might be worth phoning the station to check the time of the train.打电话到车站确认一下火车的时间可能值得。
练习
Fill in the blanks with gerund or infinitive forms of the given verbs.用给定动词的动名词（gerund）或不定式（infinitive）形式完成句子。
1. My sister doesn't want to come with us because she hates (do) windsurfing.
doing
2. The baby keeps crying. Does his father mind (take) care of him a bit.
3. Jenny has problems with her mother in law. As far as it seems, she is tired of (fight) with her.
4. Two students applied for the Doctorate program and they look forward to (have) a positive reply from the university.
5. After hearing a noise, Ken turned the lights on (see) everything clearly.
6. Experts say that it is pretty dangerous (do) bungee jumping.
7. Even though Brian has many good friends, he sometimes enjoys (be) alone.
8. Harry's wife is fed up with (clean) the house on her own.
Jerry and Loyd enjoyed (play) video games.
10. Foreign students signed up for a language course (learn) English.
to learn
11. A three-year-old child manages (draw) circles, lines and even squares.
12. Children enjoy (do) an activity more if they do it in a group.
13. Same students tend (cheat) in exams if there is no one to supervise.
14. You should avoid (argue) with everybody.
15. Judi claims (be) the top student in her class.
16. I have studied as hard as I could, so I expect (pass) this exam.
17. My father gave up (smoke) a year ago.
18. The teacher refused (give) any further clues about the question.
19. The student denied (break) the window.
20. She decided (move) in next door.
21. GrammarBank is one of the best websites (practice)English grammar.
22. Alicia enjoys (watch) soap operas on television.
23. She refuses (listen) to her father.
24. Students want (get) good grades.
25. Many drivers avoid (drive) in traffic.
26. Do you feel like (eat) a hamburger
27. I can't imagine (jump) out of a flying jet.
28. The president wishes (end) the war.
29. I would love (see) that movie. I heard it's really good.
30.Mrs. Rogala is a really good teacher. She always offers (help) her students.
参考答案
1. doing
2. taking
3. fighting
4. having
5. to see
6. to do
7. being
8. cleaning
9. playing
10. to move
11. to learn
12. to draw
13. doing
14. to cheat
15. arguing
16. to be
17. to pass
18. smoking
19. to give
20. breaking
21.practice
22.watching
23.to listen
24.to get
25.driving .
26. eating
27.jumping
28. to end
29 to see
30.to help