中考英语宾语从句讲义（无答案）

宾语从句讲义
宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。
展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。
主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。
陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。
非凡问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。
三关过后莫自得，人称、标点需注重。
留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。 [歌诀解码如下]
一、三姊妹
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：
We knew （that）we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？ 　　
二、三关
1. 引导词关
假如从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；假如从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；假如从句是非凡疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
2. 语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.②一般疑问句和非凡疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 时态关
①假如主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：
I have heard（that）he will come back next week.
②假如主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.
注意：假如宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
1. 从句的主语假如是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；假如是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；假如是第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？
四、两副面孔
if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，碰到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：
If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（时间状语从句）
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） www.
五、从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？ 专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5．Are the children playing games Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7．How many people can you see in the picture Who knows
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture
8．Where did she park her car Do you know
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car
9．What does he often talk about The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10．Who knocked at the door so loudly I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name I asked him.
I asked him what _____ _____ _____.
13. When does the train arrive Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14. Do they want fried chicken He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
15. Was the watch made in Shanghai I don't know.
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
二、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what color was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris
( )5. Could you tell me ___________
A. where do you live 　 B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
　A. why she left 　 B. why did she leave
　C. why she had left　 D. why had she left
( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
　 A. rise 　B. rose 　C. rises 　D. had risen
( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got
( )9. The manager came up to see __________.
　 A. what was the matter 　 B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
( )10. He asked his father _______.
　 A. where it happens B. where did it happen
　 C. how it happened D. how did it happen
( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
　 A. how we should do B. what should we do
　 C. how to do it D. what to do it
( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set
─ Sorry, I've no idea.
　 A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought
( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
　 A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another
( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______ ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.
　 A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
　 C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
　 ─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.
　 A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain
　 C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains
( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
　 A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive
C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives
( )19.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
( )20. He asked me _______.
A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup
B. when was the APEC meeting held
C. when China became a member of the WTO
D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held
( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
( )22. You must remember _______.
A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
( )23. I don”t know ______ .
A. which room I can live B. which room can I live
C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in
( )24.－－Do you know when he ______ back
－－Sorry , I don”t . When he _______back , I”ll tell you .
A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come
C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come
( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( )26 Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( )27 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. are
( )28. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( )29.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( )30. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening
A. what B when C why D how
三、用合适的连接词填空
1. Jim told me ___ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
2. Do you know _____else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)
7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)
9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)
10. Do you know ______ you are studying for (why, what)
四、句型转换。
1. “Do you want to try it ” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→
Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.
2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） →
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） →
　Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） →
I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ (改为反意疑问句)
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)
4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).
7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.
8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.
10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.