中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
单元提升卷06 Unit 5 Languages Around the World
单元基础知识巩固
I.拓展词汇变形
system n．体系；制度；系统→systematic adj. 系统的→systematically adv.系统地
refer vi. 提到；参考；查阅vt. 查询；叫……求助于→reference n. 参考
base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据→based adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basic adj. 基本的；基础的
variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→vary vi. 不同； 变化→various adj. 不同的；各种各样的
appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值→appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；领会；重视
regard n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把……视为；看待→regarding prep. 关于
global adj. 全球的；全世界的→globally adv.全球地；全世界地
specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically adv. 特定地；明确地；具体地
major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究→majority n. 多数；大多数
relate vt. 联系；讲述→related adj. 相关的；有联系的→relation n. 关系；联系
symbol n. 符号；象征→ symbolic adj. 象征的；象征性的→symbolize vt. 象征；是……的象征
civilisation n. 文明；文明世界→civilised adj. 文明的
equal n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的→ adv. 相同地；同样地→equality n. 平等
demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问→demanding adj. 要求高的；苛求的
description n. 描写(文字)；形容→describe vt. 描述；描写
relate vt. 联系；讲述→related adj. 相关的；有联系的→relation n. 关系；联系
II.核心短语互译
attitude towards/to 对……的态度
refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
pay attention to 注意
date back (to...) 追溯到
ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
be known for 因……著名
be seen/regarded as 被看作
be of great importance 至关重要
play a great role in 在……中起重要作用
lead to 导致
point of view 观点；看法
get used to 适应；习惯于
relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
give up 放弃
have trouble with sth. 做某事有困难
depend on 取决于；依靠；依赖
match...with...用……搭配……
official language 官方语言
be connected with 与……有关
at the beginning 一开始
develop into 发展成为
global affairs 全球事务
no matter where, who, what, etc. 不论……；不管……
be considered to be 被认为是
be related to 与……有关
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．Divide the cake into quarters and share it (equal).
2．When we’re on holiday in Canada, we live like the (native).
3．The banana is native Taiwan.
4．Looking after babies is a (demand) job.
5．The workers demanded (tell) what had happened to the factory.
6．No one will appreciate (treat) like a second-class citizen.
7．He begged (tell) the truth,but his mother refused to tell him.
8．The conflict had developed into a stage the two countries were gathering big troops on the border.
9．The couple just gets registered at the government office. Marriage (regard) as a cardinal issue since ancient times.
10．You can refer this dictionary if you have any difficulty in learning English.
11．The (major) of them demand that food and water should be supplied in time.
12．Our school will organize some campus activities, like “English Evening”, a platform students can show their English.
13．“Sponges become bigger and bigger over time; another fossil piece (date) back to around 300 million years ago was also recently discovered in Ireland, for example.
14．A (beg) is someone who lives by asking people for money or food.
15．What he stressed was related teenagers’ education.
16．The position calls for (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.
17．The article gives a detailed (describe) of the beauty of Mount Tianshan.
18．Trends toward the (global) of industry have dramatically affected food production in California.
19．At that time, people (carve) some symbols on animal bones and shells.
20．Every means (have) been used to calm the woman down.
21．On the (base) of your basic knowledge about the history of the Tang Dynasty, I think it easier for you to understand Tang poems.
22．It is a pity that some people can’t go back home at the Spring Festival for (vary) reasons.
23．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings.
24．No matter we are, we are able to keep in contact with loved ones with all sorts of communication software.
25．The of the students look forward to in English because English can find a job easily. (major)
26．I am sorry to hear that you have trouble (improve) your English at the new school.
27． the fact that she was wearing a seat belt, she was thrown sharply forward.
28．In (refer) to the topic we debated yesterday, it is no good saying more.
29．He opens a door which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and heroism.
30．Bones symbols were carved, known as “oracle bones”, have contributed a lot to our understanding of China’s past.
1．equally
【详解】考查副词。句意：把蛋糕分成四份，然后平均分享。设空处修饰动词share，故用副词equally“平等地，相等地”，作状语。故填equally。
2．natives
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：当我们在加拿大度假时，我们像当地人一样生活。此处使用名词native“本地人，当地人”，结合句意可知，当地人不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作like的宾语。故填natives。
3．to
【详解】考查介词。句意：香蕉原产于台湾。 be native to为固定搭配，表示“原产于……”。故填to。
4．demanding
【详解】考查形容词。句意：照看婴儿是一项要求很高的工作。空处修饰名词job，应用形容词demanding作定语，故填demanding。
5．to be told
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：工人们要求知道工厂发生了什么事。此处为固定搭配demand to do sth.“要求做某事”，不定式作宾语，主语The workers与动词tell之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，用不定式的被动语态to be done。故填to be told。
6．being treated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：没有人会喜欢被当作二等公民对待。句中appreciate doing为固定短语，意为“感激做某事”，使用动名词作宾语，句中no one与treat之间是被动关系，故使用动名词的被动结构。故填being treated。
7．to be told
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他请求母亲告诉他实情，但他母亲拒绝告诉他。句中beg to do为固定短语，意为“乞求做某事”，使用不定式作宾语，此处he与tell之间是被动关系，故使用不定式的被动结构。故填to be told。
8．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：冲突已经发展到两国在边境集结大量军队的阶段。空处引导定语从句，先行词a stage，表示抽象地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
9．has been regarded
【详解】考查动词时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：自古以来，婚姻就被视为头等大事。设空处作谓语，marriage与regard之间是被动关系，根据since ancient times可知谓语要用现在完成时的被动语态，主语marriage是不可数名词，助动词用has。故填has been regarded。
10．to
【详解】考查介词。句意：如果你在学习英语时遇到任何困难，可以参考这本词典。refer to“参考，查阅”为固定搭配。故填to。
11．majority
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们中的大多数人要求及时供应食物和水。the majority of为固定短语，意为“大多数…….”，此处需要名词，major的名词形式是majority，故填majority。
12．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们学校将组织一些校园活动，比如“英语之夜”，一个学生可以展示英语的平台。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a platform ，关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
13．dating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，另一块可追溯到约3亿年前的化石碎片最近在爱尔兰被发现。句中was discovered为谓语动词,设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，被修饰词another fossil piece和动词date是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。故填dating。
14．beggar
【详解】考查名词。句意：乞丐是靠向别人要钱或食物为生的人。空处需填名词beggar，作主语，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填beggar。
15．to
【详解】考查介词。句意：他所强调的与青少年的教育有关。结合句意可知，此处应为固定短语be related to意为“与……有关”，所以此处使用介词to。故填to。
16．related
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个职位要求有该领域的相关经验和良好的计算机使用技能。此空为形容词作定语修饰名词experience，relate的形容词为related意为“相关的”符合句意。故填related。
17．description
【详解】考查名词。句意：这篇文章详细地描述了天山的美丽。a后接名词单数description作宾语。故填description。
18．globalization
【详解】考查名词。句意：工业全球化的趋势极大地影响了加州的粮食生产。此空为名词作宾语，global的名词为globalization意为“全球化”，且为不可数名词。故填globalization。
19．carved
【详解】考查时态。句意：那时，人们在动物的骨头和贝壳上刻了一些符号。根据时间状语At that time可知，句子应用一般过去时，空处应用动词的过去式形式。故填carved。
20．has
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：已用尽一切办法使那女人平静下来。此空为句子的谓语部分，结合句意以及提示词可知，此处应为现在完成时的被动语态，主语means意为“方式，方法”为单复数同形，every修饰means表示单数意义，所以谓语动词为单数形式。故填has。
21．basis
【详解】考查名词。句意：基于你对唐朝历史的基本了解，我认为你更容易理解唐诗。分析句子可知，设空处用作介词On的宾语，构成固定短语on the basis of表示“基于”，故填basis。
22．various
【详解】考查形容词。句意：很遗憾有些人因为各种各样的原因不能在春节期间回家。根据空后名词“reasons”可知，空处应用vary的形容词形式various“各种各样的，不同的”，作定语修饰名词reasons。故填various。
23．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的友谊已经到达了可以分享痛苦和幸福的阶段。此处引导定语从句，先行词为stage，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导，故填where。
24．where
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论我们在哪里，我们都可以通过各种通信软件与亲人保持联系。结合句意可知，此处指“无论我们在哪里”，使用no matter where引导让步状语从句，故填where。
25． majority majoring majors
【详解】考查名词和动名词。句意：大多数学生都希望主修英语，因为英语专业的学生很容易找到工作。分析句子结构可知，第一空为固定短语the majority of意为“大多数……”所以第一空为major的名词majority；第二空为非谓语动词作宾语，根据look forward to中的to为介词可知，此处应为动名词形式作宾语，所以第二空应为majoring；第三空为名词作主语，结合句意可知，此处指的是“英语专业的学生”，分析句子结构可知，此处使用名词作主语，空前无限定词，所以使用名词复数形式majors表示泛指，意为“主修学生”，第三空应为majors。故填①majority；②majoring；③majors。
26．improving
【详解】考查动名词。句意：听说你在新学校很难提高英语水平，我感到很遗憾。have trouble doing sth.是固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，因此空格处用动名词improving作宾语，故填improving。
27．Despite
【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管她系了安全带，她还是被猛地向前甩了出去。结合句意可知，空处表示“尽管”，应用介词despite，名词fact作其宾语；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Despite。
28．reference
【详解】考查名词。句意：关于我们昨天辩论的话题，再多说也没用。根据句意可知，此处使用名词reference，作宾语，构查固定搭配in reference to“关于……”。故填reference。
29．through
【详解】考查介词。句意：他打开了一扇门，通过这扇门，我们的想象力进入了一个新世界，一个充满爱、美和英雄主义的世界。分析句子可知，此处用“介词+关系词”引导定语从句，“通过”使用介词through，先行词是door，关系词在从句中作介词through的宾语。故填through。
30．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：雕刻符号的骨头，被称为“甲骨”，为我们理解中国的过去做出了很大贡献。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Bones，指物，且从句中缺少地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。
二、单词拼写
31．She promised to help me move into my new (公寓套房) on the weekend.
32．Would you like to take the (地铁) to get there
33．It was last (学期) that I began to appreciate classic works.
34．I have given a specific (描述) of the symbols carved on the bone.
35．What you said was completely untrue, and I (要求) an immediate apology.
36．For this reason, learning French isn’t a (费力的事) for me at all.
37．The activity not only strengthened their friendship but also built up their (性格).
38． (尽管) the heavy rain, they went on working hard.
39．I tried every (方法) to get children interested in my class.
40．She made a(n) (提及) to her previous experience in the industry during the interview.
41．This (全球的) site is a place for runners to share their stories about running.
42．I would (感激) it if you could pay in cash.
43．China is a country with a long (文明) of 5000 years.
44．This cultural programme is aimed to encourage teenagers to read more (经典作品) .
45．Not only did the race improve our physical and psychological quality, but it also helped us build a positive (态度) towards life.
31．apartment
【详解】考查名词。句意：她答应周末帮我搬进新公寓。设空处使用名词作宾语，表示“公寓套房”用apartment。故填apartment。
32．subway
【详解】考查名词。句意：你想坐地铁去那里吗？设空处使用名词作宾语，表示“地铁”用subway。故填subway。
33．semester
【详解】考查名词。句意：我是在上学期开始欣赏经典作品的。此处应填名词，根据词义“学期”可知，为semester，last semester：上学期，它是原句中的时间状语，作为强调句的被强调部分，故填semester。
34．description
【详解】考查名词。句意：我对骨头上雕刻的符号做了具体的描述。此处使用名词作宾语，根据词义“描述”可知，为description，它前面有a修饰，故填description。
35．demand
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：你所说的完全不是事实，我要求你立即道歉。根据汉语提示“要求”可知，此处为动词demand，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用原形。故填demand。
36．struggle
【详解】考查名词。句意：因此，学习法语对我来说一点也不困难。根据汉语提示“费力的事”，以及句子结构可知，此处需要名词struggle充当表语，根据前面的不定冠词a可知，应使用单数形式。故填struggle。
37．characters
【详解】考查名词。句意：该活动不仅加强了他们的友谊，还塑造了他们的性格。根据句意及汉语提示可知，空处应填可数名词character“性格”作宾语，前面有their修饰，用复数形式。故填characters。
38．Despite
【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管下着大雨，他们还是继续努力工作。此处应填介词，根据词义“尽管”可知，为despite，首字母大写，故填Despite。
39．means
【详解】考查名词。句意：我想尽一切办法让孩子们对我的课感兴趣。根据汉语提示“方法”可知，此处为名词means，作宾语，由every可知，应用单数，means单复数同形。故填means。
40．reference
【详解】考查名词。句意：她在面试中提到了她以前在这个行业的经验。汉语提示“提及”为reference，作宾语。根据a可知，用单数形式。故填reference。
41．global
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个全球网站是跑步者分享他们跑步故事的地方。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词global，作定语修饰名词site。故填global。
42．appreciate
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你能付现金，我会很感激的。根据汉语提示“感激”可知，此处为动词appreciate，位于情态动词would后面，使用动词原形。故填appreciate。
43．civilisation/civilization
【详解】考查名词。句意：中国是一个有着5000年悠久文明史的国家。根据汉语提示可知，空格处需要填入文明，civilisation或者civilization意为“文明”；空格前有a，所以用单数。故填civilisation或者civilization。
44．classics
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个文化节目的目的是鼓励青少年多读名著。根据汉语提示“经典作品”可知，空处需填名词classic，作宾语，more后面接可数名词复数形式。故填classics。
45．attitude
【详解】考查名词。句意：比赛不仅提高了我们的身体和心理素质，还帮助我们建立了积极的生活态度。根据汉语提示可知，attitude“态度”，可数名词，由空前的a可知应用名词单数，作动词build的宾语，故填attitude。
高考能力提升
三、阅读理解
“Learning about one’s own culture, as well as the culture of others, is important,” says Sanam Akhlagh, who set up Pardis for Children. Located in New York City, the nonprofit brings Iranian-American families together and offers after-school programs for children to learn about their heritage. Classes explore Iranian music, art, and history, among other topics.
Akhlagh has always been interested in education, kids, and culture, But she felt a void (空虚) before setting up Pardis in 2011. She hadn’t been able to get together with friends who share her Iranian heritage periodically. She also thought her children needed that community.
“I want kids to know their culture and language,” Akhlagh said, “So if they’re Iranian, they actually know what that means.”
But she also wants them to create a bond. “I want them to build a community that they’ll hopefully keep, and stay fiends together for years to come,” she said, “want them to have a beautiful, positive memory (回忆) related to Iranian culture and the Persian language.”
Learning about your own culture and language, and understanding other cultures from around the world, Akhlagh explained, makes you a richer and more tolerant (宽容的) person. It also makes you appreciate other people’s way of life.
“The exchange of cultures is of great importance,” Akhlagh said. “It is much harder to call people of certain countries or cultures your enemy when you actually know them. When you eat their food, or when you dance to their music together, when you read their literature, it becomes more real, and you start appreciating everyone.”
When asked her advice for young people, Akhlagh encouraged exploration and discovery. “If you have the opportunity, always be curious to make friends,” she said. “Get to know people from different cultures and be curious. Always try to know more and travel.”
46．What is the purpose of Pardis for Children
A．To enrich children’s social life. B．To improve children’s artistic abilities.
C．To educate children on Iranian culture. D．To develop children’s love for their country.
47．What does the underlined word “bond” mean in paragraph 4
A．Custom. B．Program. C．Relationship. D．Schedule.
48．What does Akhlagh think of the exchange of cultures
A．It is a way of life. B．It can promote peace.
C．It is a chance to grow D．It increases your wealth.
49．What is Akhlagh’s advice for young people
A．Caring more about their friends. B．Being open to different cultures.
C．Taking every opportunity to study. D．Feeling confident about making friends.
The prodigious ability of our species to rapidly assimilate vocabulary, expanding from a mere 300 lexemes by the tender age of two to an impressive repertoire exceeding 1,000 by the age of four, remains a subject of profound enigma. Certain scholars in the realms of cognitive science and linguistics have posited that the human mind enters the world equipped with innate cognitive predispositions and logical parameters that facilitate this linguistic feat. However, recent advancements in the sphere of machine learning have unveiled the potential for swift acquisition of semantic understanding from sparse data, eschewing the need for preconceived, hardwired assumptions.
An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data — previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013 and 2014. Though this represents but a minuscule fraction of a child’s developmental chronicle, it transpires that this was sufficiently informative to prompt the AI in discerning the significance of select vocables.
These revelations intimate that the process of linguistic acquisition may be more straightforward than hitherto presumed. It is conceivable that the juvenile mind does not necessitate a tailor-made, sophisticated linguistic apparatus to adeptly apprehend the essence of words, posits Jessica Sullivan, an adjunct professor of psychology at Skidmore College. “This is an exceptionally elegant inquiry,” she articulates, as it presents corroborative evidence that rudimentary data extracted from a child’s perspective is sufficiently abundant to initiate the processes of pattern recognition and lexical assimilation.
The recent scholarly endeavor also illustrates the plausibility of machines emulating the learning modalities inherent to human cognition. Vast linguistic models are typically nurtured on colossal datasets encompassing billions, if not trillions, of lexical permutations. In stark contrast, human beings manage with a significantly reduced informational intake, as articulated by the principal scribe of the study, Wai Keen Vong. With the appropriate genre of data, the chasm separating machine and human learning could be substantially bridged.
Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted in select dimensions of this pioneering research. The savants concede that their findings do not conclusively elucidate the mechanisms by which children amass vocabulary. Additionally, the study’s purview was confined to the identification of nouns pertaining to tangible entities.
Despite these limitations, this represents a stride toward a more profound comprehension of our own cognitive faculties, which may ultimately contribute to the enhancement of human pedagogical practices, according to Eva Portelance, a scholar in computational linguistics. She remarks that AI research has the potential to shed light on enigmatic queries about our essence that have persisted over time. “We can harness these paradigms in a salutary manner, to the advantage of scientific discovery and societal progress,” Portelance further elaborates.
50．What is a significant finding of machine-learning research
A．Vocabulary increases gradually with age.
B．Vocabulary can be acquired from minimal data.
C．Language acquisition is tied to built-in expectations.
D．Language acquisition is as complex as formerly assumed.
51．What does the underlined word “prompt” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Facilitate. B．Persuade. C．Advise. D．Expect.
52．What is discussed about the new research in paragraph 5
A．Its limitations. B．Its strengths.
C．Its uniqueness. D．Its process.
53．What is Eva Portelance’s attitude to the AI research
A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Dismissive. D．Positive.
46．C 47．C 48．B 49．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了Sanam Akhlagh创立儿童乐园来让孩子们了解伊朗文化。
46．细节理解题。根据第三段““I want kids to know their culture and language,” Akhlagh said, “So if they’re Iranian, they actually know what that means.”(“我想让孩子们了解他们的文化和语言，”阿赫拉格说，“这样，如果他们是伊朗人，他们就会知道这意味着什么。”)”可知，儿童乐园的目的是对孩子们进行伊朗文化教育。故选C。
47．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文““I want them to build a community that they’ll hopefully keep, and stay fiends together for years to come,” she said, “want them to have a beautiful, positive memory (回忆) related to Iranian culture and the Persian language.”(她说：“我希望他们能建立一个社区，希望他们能在未来的岁月里保持朋友的关系，希望他们能拥有一段与伊朗文化和波斯语有关的美好、积极的记忆。”)”可知，她希望孩子们之间可以创建关系。故划线词意思是“关系”。故选C。
48．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It is much harder to call people of certain countries or cultures your enemy when you actually know them.(当你真正了解某些国家或文化的人时，把他们称为敌人要困难得多)”可知，Akhlagh认为文化交流能促进和平。故选B。
49．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When asked her advice for young people, Akhlagh encouraged exploration and discovery. “If you have the opportunity, always be curious to make friends,” she said. “Get to know people from different cultures and be curious. Always try to know more and travel.”(当被问及她对年轻人的建议时，Akhlagh鼓励探索和发现。她说：“如果你有机会，永远保持求知欲，去交朋友。了解来自不同文化背景的人，保持好奇心。永远试着去了解更多，去旅行。”)”可知，Akhlagh对年轻人的建议是对不同文化持开放态度。故选B。
50．B 51．A 52．A 53．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。我们人类拥有惊人的词汇量，能够快速吸收词汇，从两岁时的 300 个词汇量，到四岁时词汇量超过 1000 个，这仍然是一个谜。然而，研究表明语言习得过程可能比迄今为止所认为的更为简单。研究表明，机器学习领域的最新进展揭示了从少量的数据中快速获取语义理解的潜力，避免了对先入为主的、僵化的假设的需求。文章主要介绍了机器学习人类语言的优点及其缺陷。
50．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, recent advancements in the sphere of machine learning have unveiled the potential for swift acquisition of semantic understanding from sparse data, eschewing the need for preconceived, hardwired assumptions.(然而，机器学习领域的最新进展揭示了从少量的数据中快速获取语义理解的潜力，避免了对先入为主的、僵化的假设的需求。)”和第二段中“An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data—previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013 and 2014. (一组研究人员成功地完善了一个基本的人工智能结构，将视觉表征与相应的词汇实体关联起来，只利用了 61 小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据——这些数据是 2013 年和 2014 年期间从一个名叫 Sam 的人那里收集的。)”可知，机器学习领域的最新进展揭示了从少量的数据中快速获取语义理解的潜力，且一组研究人员成功地完善了一个基本的人工智能结构，将视觉表征与相应的词汇实体关联起来，只利用了 61 小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据，由此可知，机器学习领可以从最少的数据中获取词汇。故选B。
51．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data—previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013 and 2014. (一组研究人员成功地完善了一个基本的人工智能结构，将视觉表征与相应的词汇实体关联起来，只利用了 61 小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据——这些数据是 2013 年和 2014 年期间从一个名叫 Sam 的人那里收集的。)”和划线单词所在句子“Though this represents but a minuscule fraction of a child’s developmental chronicle, it transpires that this was sufficiently informative to prompt the AI in discerning the significance of select vocables.(虽然这只代表了儿童成长历程的一小部分，但事实证明，这足以prompt人工智能辨别出特定词汇的重要性)”可知，研究人员通过观察一个名为Sam的个体在2013年和2014年收集的61小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据，足以促使AI辨别出特定词汇的意义，由此可知，划线单词意为“促使”，故选A。
52．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted in select dimensions of this pioneering research. The savants concede that their findings do not conclusively elucidate the mechanisms by which children amass vocabulary. Additionally, the study’s purview was confined to the identification of nouns pertaining to tangible entities.(尽管如此，这项开创性研究的某些方面仍需要进一步研究。这些学者承认，他们的研究结果并不能最终阐明儿童积累词汇量的机制。此外，这项研究的范围仅限于识别与有形实体有关的名词)”可知，第五段主要讨论了新研究的局限性，包括研究范围仅限于识别与有形实体有关的名词，以及研究结果并不能最终阐明儿童积累词汇量的机制，故选A。
53．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite these limitations, this represents a stride toward a more profound comprehension of our own cognitive faculties, which may ultimately contribute to the enhancement of human pedagogical practices, according to Eva Portelance, a scholar in computational linguistics.(计算语言学学者伊娃·波特兰斯 (Eva Portelance) 表示，尽管存在这些局限性，但这代表着我们朝着更深刻地理解自身认知能力迈出了一步，最终可能有助于提高人类的教学实践。)”可知，Eva Portelance认为AI研究有助于我们更深刻地理解自身认知能力，并可能有助于提高人类的教学实践，由此可推知，她对AI研究的态度是积极的，故选D。
四、完形填空
Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple 54 .
Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 55 do with it We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out and why; how to deal with difficult 56 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.
So why are we keen on gossiping Are we just natural wasters of both time and words Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life It’s not 57 according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 58 issues.
Dunbar 59 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— 60 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.
Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 61 of the higher primates (灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming — cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 62 from outside it.
As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 63 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 64 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 65 the pressure and calm everybody down.
But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 66 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 67 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal (有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 68 contact.
54．A．mission B．radiation C．comparison D．gossip
55．A．occasionally B．merely C．habitually D．originally
56．A．social B．political C．historical D．leisurely
57．A．the case B．the question C．the issue D．the key
58．A．financial B．sensitive C．royal D．vital
59．A．confirms B．outlines C．dismisses D．broadens
60．A．for instance B．on the contrary C．in addition D．as a result
61．A．motivation B．motive C．emotion D．behaviour
62．A．inspection B．harmony C．attack D．assistance
63．A．convinces B．comprises C．confesses D．concludes
64．A．prospect B．protection C．maintenance D．luxury
65．A．discipline B．bother C．maintain D．ease
66．A．cast B．consumed C．extended D．floated
67．A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．thoughtful
68．A．invisible B．daily C．constant D．physical
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are about 6, 500 languages in the world, but did you know that a language disappears every two weeks International Mother Language Day, 21 February, is 69 day to celebrate and protect all the languages of the world.
In 1999, a special day to promote mother languages 70 (create): International Mother Language Day. The day was also intended to raise 71 (aware)of just how many languages we have on this planet and to protect them. The idea for this special day came from the country of Bangladesh, 72 Bangladeshis mark 21 February when the Bangla language was 73 (official)accepted. Bangladeshis celebrate the day 74 holding literary competitions and singing songs. Other 75 (country)have also set up special projects to mark this day.
Language is much more than just a way of 76 (communicate). Language, particularly our mother tongue, is an essential part of our culture. Everyone has the right 77 (use)their own mother language and to keep the traditions and ways of thinking that their language represents. And this is 78 International Mother Language Day is all about.
54．D 55．C 56．A 57．A 58．D 59．C 60．B 61．D 62．C 63．D 64．B 65．D 66．C 67．B 68．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文，研究表明人们的话题大多不是重大的话题讨论和研究，而很多是闲聊，这些闲聊是不是浪费时间和语言呢？Robin Dunbar教授认为事实并非如此，他认为闲聊是非常重要的，是人类发展过程中非常重要的交流方式。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人类三分之二的谈话不是讨论当天的文化或政治问题，也不是对我们刚刚看过的电影或刚刚读完的书进行激烈的辩论，而是简单的闲聊。A. mission任务；B. radiation辐射；C. comparison比较；D. gossip流言蜚语，闲聊。根据上文“two-thirds of human conversation”可知，此处指谈话内容是闲聊，下文也多次出现gossip一词，故选D。
55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为一个物种，语言是我们最大的财富，我们习惯用它做什么？A. occasionally偶尔；B. merely仅仅，只不过；C. habitually习惯性地，经常地；D. originally起初。根据“Language is our greatest treasure as a species”可知，语言是我们最大的财富，我们习惯用它做什么？故选C。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于别人的行为和私人生活，比如谁和谁在一起做什么，谁在里面，谁不在里面，为什么；如何处理与孩子、爱人和同事有关的困难社交场合。A. social社会的，社交的；B. political政治的；C. historical历史的；D. leisurely不慌不忙的，慢悠悠的。根据“situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues”可知，此处指社交场合，故选A。
57．考查固定短语辨析。句意：根据Robin Dunbar教授的说法，情况并非如此。A. the case情况；B. the question问题；C. the issue问题；D. the key关键。上文“Are we just natural wasters of both time and words Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life (我们只是天生的时间和语言的浪费者吗？或者我们谈论很多没有什么特别的事情只是为了避免面对生活中真正重要的问题？)”提出问题，结合下文谈到闲聊的重要性可知，事实并非如此，It’s not the case“事实/情况并非如此”，固定句型，故选A。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这位心理学家在他的新书Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language中说，闲聊是这些真正重要的问题之一。A. financial金融的，财务的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. royal皇家的；D. vital至关重要的。根据上文“the really important issues of life”可知，Robin Dunbar认为闲聊并不是浪费时间和语言，而是这些真正重要的问题之一，故选D。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar驳斥了传统观点，即语言是由男性在社会发展的早期阶段发展起来的，是为了更有效地组织他们的男性狩猎活动，甚至是为了促进关于他们的起源和超自然现象的诗歌故事的交流。A. confirms证实；B. outlines概述；C. dismisses驳斥；D. broadens变宽。根据下文“Instead he suggests that language evolved among women.”可知，Dunbar驳斥了语言是由男性在社会发展的早期阶段发展起来的传统观点，故选C。
60．考查固定短语辨析。句意：Dunbar认为，我们花三分之二的时间闲聊并不仅仅是因为我们会说话，相反，他接着说，语言的进化就是为了让我们闲聊。A. for instance例如；B. on the contrary相反；C. in addition此外；D. as a result因此。结合“We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar”可知，我们花三分之二的时间闲聊并不仅仅是因为我们会说话，相反，语言的进化就是为了让我们闲聊，故选B。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar通过研究猴子等高等灵长类动物的行为得出了他的快乐理论。A. motivation动机，动力；B. motive动机，目的；C. emotion情感；D. behaviour行为。根据下文“grooming — cleaning the fur by brushing it”可知，Dunbar研究动物的行为，故选D。
62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过梳理毛发——通过刷毛来清洁毛发，猴子与其他个体组成群体，在群体内部发生冲突或受到外部攻击时，它们可以依靠这些个体来获得支持。A. inspection检查；B. harmony和谐；C. attack攻击；D. assistance帮助。根据“they can rely for support”以及“conflict within the group”可知，此处指在群体内部发生冲突或受到外部攻击时，它们可以依靠这些个体来获得支持，故选C。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于我们人类是从灵长类家族的一个特定分支进化而来，Dunbar得出结论，在我们的历史上，我们曾经做过同样的事情。A. convinces使确信；B. comprises包括；C. confesses供认，坦白；D. concludes得出结论。上文“As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family”提到原因，故空后是得出的结论，故选D。
64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：成群聚集在一起是有意义的，因为团体越大，它提供的保护就越大；另一方面，群体越大，与他人生活在一起的压力就越大。A. prospect前景；B. protection保护；C. maintenance维持，保养；D. luxury奢侈。上文“monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support”提到猴子与其他个体组成群体来相互支持，故群体可以提供保护，故选B。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：梳毛有助于缓解压力，让大家平静下来。A. discipline管教；B. bother打扰；C. maintain保持，维持；D. ease缓解，宽慰。根据“calm everybody down”可知，梳毛可以减轻压力，故选D。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着群体变得越来越大，花在梳毛活动上的时间也必须延长，以保持其有效性。A. cast投射，扔；B. consumed消费，消耗；C. extended延长，延伸；D. floated漂浮。根据“But as the groups got bigger and bigger”以及下文“and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal (有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals(因此语言进化为一种有声的梳毛，使人类能够通过更广泛的个人网络交换信息，而不是一对一的身体接触，与更大的群体发展关系)”可知，群体越大，花在梳毛活动上的时间也必须延长，以保持其有效性，故选C。
67．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，需要一种更有效的梳毛方式，因此语言进化为一种有声的梳毛，使人类能够通过更广泛的个人网络交换信息，而不是一对一的身体接触，与更大的群体发展关系。A. common普通的；B. efficient有效的；C. scientific科学的；D. thoughtful周到的。根据上文“to maintain its effectiveness”可知，需要一种更有效的梳毛方式，故选B。
68．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. invisible看不见的；B. daily日常的；C. constant不断的；D. physical身体的。根据上文提到的梳毛活动可知，语言使人类能够通过更广泛的个人网络交换信息，而不是一对一的身体接触，故选D。
69．a 70．was created 71．awareness 72．and 73．officially 74．by/through 75．countries 76．communicating/communication 77．to use 78．what
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论了世界语言的现状，以及国际母语日的设立和意义。文章提到，世界上有大约6500种语言，但每两周就有一种语言消失。国际母语日旨在庆祝和保护世界上所有的语言。
69．考查冠词。句意：国际母语日，2月21日，是一个庆祝和保护世界上所有语言的日子。分析句子结构，day是可数名词，此处泛指“一个日子”，且day是以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
70．考查时态和语态。句意：1999年，一个推广母语的特殊日子被创立：国际母语日。分析句子结构，create与主语a special day之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语In 1999可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was created。
71．考查名词。句意：这一天也是为了提高我们对地球上有多少种语言的认识，并保护它们。分析句子结构空白处在句子中作动词raise的宾语，故填awareness。
72．考查连词。句意：这个特殊日子的想法来自孟加拉国，孟加拉人在2月21日庆祝孟加拉语被官方接受。分析句子结构，根据上文“The idea for this special day came from the country of Bangladesh(这个特殊日子的想法来自孟加拉国)”以及下文“Bangladeshis mark 21 February(孟加拉人在2月21日……)”可知，前后两句为并列关系，故填and。
73．考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空处修饰动词accepted作状语，应用副词，故填officially。
74．考查介词。句意：孟加拉人通过举办文学比赛和唱歌来庆祝这一天。分析句子结构，空处表示方式，by/through意为“通过”，符合语境，故填by/through。
75．考查名词的数。句意：其他国家也设立了特别项目来纪念这一天。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做主语，使用名词，谓语have所以用名词复数，故填countries。
76．考查非谓语动词。句意：语言不仅仅是交流的一种方式。分析句子结构，of是介词，后接动名词或者名词作宾语，故填communicating/communication。
77．考查非谓语动词。句意：每个人都有权使用自己的母语，并保留他们的语言所代表的传统和思维方式。分析句子结构，have the right to do sth.是固定短语，意为“有权做某事”，故填to use。
78．考查表语从句。句意：这就是国际母语日的全部意义所在。分析句子结构，空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作about的宾语，所以用连接词what引导表语从句。故填what。
五、书信写作
79．假如你是李华，你在网上看到李明发的帖子，他说他的英语口语不好，希望得到大家的帮助，你给他回帖。内容要点提示：
1．给李明提建议；
2．你的练习英语口语的成功做法；
3．你在英语学习中遇到的困难一并请求帮助。
注意：词数80左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
79．
Hi, Li Ming! How to improve your spoken English is really a problem. I used to meet such a problem but now I speak English well. I listen to high-quality spoken English every day and record my own speech. Playing it back, I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine and correct my wrong pronunciation. Besides, I practice speaking English in public as often as possible, which helps me gain confidence and fluency. I hope these suggestions will benefit you.
However, I have trouble in reading. Though I know the meanings of most words, I can’t understand the whole sentence because of some set phrases and idioms.
Any advice I am eager for your help.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生在网上看到李明发的帖子，他说他的英语口语不好，希望得到大家的帮助，考生给他回帖。
【详解】1.词汇积累
问题：problem→issue
此外：besides → what’s more
建议：suggestion→advice/tip
因为：because of→ due to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：However, I have trouble in reading.
拓展句：However, I have trouble in reading, which has bothered me for a long time.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Playing it back, I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine and correct my wrong pronunciation. （运用了现在分词作状语的结构）
【高分句型2】 Besides, I practice speaking English in public as often as possible, which helps me gain confidence and fluency. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
1
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)单元提升卷06 Unit 5 Languages Around the World
单元基础知识巩固
I.拓展词汇变形
n．体系；制度；系统→ adj. 系统的→ adv.系统地
vi. 提到；参考；查阅vt. 查询；叫……求助于→ n. 参考
vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据→ adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→ adj. 基本的；基础的
n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→ vi. 不同； 变化→ adj. 不同的；各种各样的
vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值→ n. 欣赏；感激；领会；重视
n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把……视为；看待→ prep. 关于
adj. 全球的；全世界的→ adv.全球地；全世界地
adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的→ adv. 特定地；明确地；具体地
adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究→ n. 多数；大多数
vt. 联系；讲述→ adj. 相关的；有联系的→ n. 关系；联系
n. 符号；象征→ adj. 象征的；象征性的→ vt. 象征；是……的象征
n. 文明；文明世界→ adj. 文明的
n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的→ adv. 相同地；同样地
→ n. 平等
n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问→ adj. 要求高的；苛求的
n. 描写(文字)；形容→ vt. 描述；描写
vt. 联系；讲述→ adj. 相关的；有联系的→ n. 关系；联系
II.核心短语互译
对……的态度
指的是；描述；提到；查阅
注意
追溯到
浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
因……著名
被看作
至关重要
在……中起重要作用
导致
观点；看法
适应；习惯于
与……相关；涉及；谈到
放弃
做某事有困难
取决于；依靠；依赖
match...with..
official language
be connected with
at the beginning
develop into
global affairs
no matter where, who, what, etc.
be considered to be
be related to
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．Divide the cake into quarters and share it (equal).
2．When we’re on holiday in Canada, we live like the (native).
3．The banana is native Taiwan.
4．Looking after babies is a (demand) job.
5．The workers demanded (tell) what had happened to the factory.
6．No one will appreciate (treat) like a second-class citizen.
7．He begged (tell) the truth,but his mother refused to tell him.
8．The conflict had developed into a stage the two countries were gathering big troops on the border.
9．The couple just gets registered at the government office. Marriage (regard) as a cardinal issue since ancient times.
10．You can refer this dictionary if you have any difficulty in learning English.
11．The (major) of them demand that food and water should be supplied in time.
12．Our school will organize some campus activities, like “English Evening”, a platform students can show their English.
13．“Sponges become bigger and bigger over time; another fossil piece (date) back to around 300 million years ago was also recently discovered in Ireland, for example.
14．A (beg) is someone who lives by asking people for money or food.
15．What he stressed was related teenagers’ education.
16．The position calls for (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.
17．The article gives a detailed (describe) of the beauty of Mount Tianshan.
18．Trends toward the (global) of industry have dramatically affected food production in California.
19．At that time, people (carve) some symbols on animal bones and shells.
20．Every means (have) been used to calm the woman down.
21．On the (base) of your basic knowledge about the history of the Tang Dynasty, I think it easier for you to understand Tang poems.
22．It is a pity that some people can’t go back home at the Spring Festival for (vary) reasons.
23．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings.
24．No matter we are, we are able to keep in contact with loved ones with all sorts of communication software.
25．The of the students look forward to in English because English can find a job easily. (major)
26．I am sorry to hear that you have trouble (improve) your English at the new school.
27． the fact that she was wearing a seat belt, she was thrown sharply forward.
28．In (refer) to the topic we debated yesterday, it is no good saying more.
29．He opens a door which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and heroism.
30．Bones symbols were carved, known as “oracle bones”, have contributed a lot to our understanding of China’s past.
二、单词拼写
31．She promised to help me move into my new (公寓套房) on the weekend.
32．Would you like to take the (地铁) to get there
33．It was last (学期) that I began to appreciate classic works.
34．I have given a specific (描述) of the symbols carved on the bone.
35．What you said was completely untrue, and I (要求) an immediate apology.
36．For this reason, learning French isn’t a (费力的事) for me at all.
37．The activity not only strengthened their friendship but also built up their (性格).
38． (尽管) the heavy rain, they went on working hard.
39．I tried every (方法) to get children interested in my class.
40．She made a(n) (提及) to her previous experience in the industry during the interview.
41．This (全球的) site is a place for runners to share their stories about running.
42．I would (感激) it if you could pay in cash.
43．China is a country with a long (文明) of 5000 years.
44．This cultural programme is aimed to encourage teenagers to read more (经典作品) .
45．Not only did the race improve our physical and psychological quality, but it also helped us build a positive (态度) towards life.
高考能力提升
三、阅读理解
“Learning about one’s own culture, as well as the culture of others, is important,” says Sanam Akhlagh, who set up Pardis for Children. Located in New York City, the nonprofit brings Iranian-American families together and offers after-school programs for children to learn about their heritage. Classes explore Iranian music, art, and history, among other topics.
Akhlagh has always been interested in education, kids, and culture, But she felt a void (空虚) before setting up Pardis in 2011. She hadn’t been able to get together with friends who share her Iranian heritage periodically. She also thought her children needed that community.
“I want kids to know their culture and language,” Akhlagh said, “So if they’re Iranian, they actually know what that means.”
But she also wants them to create a bond. “I want them to build a community that they’ll hopefully keep, and stay fiends together for years to come,” she said, “want them to have a beautiful, positive memory (回忆) related to Iranian culture and the Persian language.”
Learning about your own culture and language, and understanding other cultures from around the world, Akhlagh explained, makes you a richer and more tolerant (宽容的) person. It also makes you appreciate other people’s way of life.
“The exchange of cultures is of great importance,” Akhlagh said. “It is much harder to call people of certain countries or cultures your enemy when you actually know them. When you eat their food, or when you dance to their music together, when you read their literature, it becomes more real, and you start appreciating everyone.”
When asked her advice for young people, Akhlagh encouraged exploration and discovery. “If you have the opportunity, always be curious to make friends,” she said. “Get to know people from different cultures and be curious. Always try to know more and travel.”
46．What is the purpose of Pardis for Children
A．To enrich children’s social life. B．To improve children’s artistic abilities.
C．To educate children on Iranian culture. D．To develop children’s love for their country.
47．What does the underlined word “bond” mean in paragraph 4
A．Custom. B．Program. C．Relationship. D．Schedule.
48．What does Akhlagh think of the exchange of cultures
A．It is a way of life. B．It can promote peace.
C．It is a chance to grow D．It increases your wealth.
49．What is Akhlagh’s advice for young people
A．Caring more about their friends. B．Being open to different cultures.
C．Taking every opportunity to study. D．Feeling confident about making friends.
The prodigious ability of our species to rapidly assimilate vocabulary, expanding from a mere 300 lexemes by the tender age of two to an impressive repertoire exceeding 1,000 by the age of four, remains a subject of profound enigma. Certain scholars in the realms of cognitive science and linguistics have posited that the human mind enters the world equipped with innate cognitive predispositions and logical parameters that facilitate this linguistic feat. However, recent advancements in the sphere of machine learning have unveiled the potential for swift acquisition of semantic understanding from sparse data, eschewing the need for preconceived, hardwired assumptions.
An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data — previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013 and 2014. Though this represents but a minuscule fraction of a child’s developmental chronicle, it transpires that this was sufficiently informative to prompt the AI in discerning the significance of select vocables.
These revelations intimate that the process of linguistic acquisition may be more straightforward than hitherto presumed. It is conceivable that the juvenile mind does not necessitate a tailor-made, sophisticated linguistic apparatus to adeptly apprehend the essence of words, posits Jessica Sullivan, an adjunct professor of psychology at Skidmore College. “This is an exceptionally elegant inquiry,” she articulates, as it presents corroborative evidence that rudimentary data extracted from a child’s perspective is sufficiently abundant to initiate the processes of pattern recognition and lexical assimilation.
The recent scholarly endeavor also illustrates the plausibility of machines emulating the learning modalities inherent to human cognition. Vast linguistic models are typically nurtured on colossal datasets encompassing billions, if not trillions, of lexical permutations. In stark contrast, human beings manage with a significantly reduced informational intake, as articulated by the principal scribe of the study, Wai Keen Vong. With the appropriate genre of data, the chasm separating machine and human learning could be substantially bridged.
Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted in select dimensions of this pioneering research. The savants concede that their findings do not conclusively elucidate the mechanisms by which children amass vocabulary. Additionally, the study’s purview was confined to the identification of nouns pertaining to tangible entities.
Despite these limitations, this represents a stride toward a more profound comprehension of our own cognitive faculties, which may ultimately contribute to the enhancement of human pedagogical practices, according to Eva Portelance, a scholar in computational linguistics. She remarks that AI research has the potential to shed light on enigmatic queries about our essence that have persisted over time. “We can harness these paradigms in a salutary manner, to the advantage of scientific discovery and societal progress,” Portelance further elaborates.
50．What is a significant finding of machine-learning research
A．Vocabulary increases gradually with age.
B．Vocabulary can be acquired from minimal data.
C．Language acquisition is tied to built-in expectations.
D．Language acquisition is as complex as formerly assumed.
51．What does the underlined word “prompt” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Facilitate. B．Persuade. C．Advise. D．Expect.
52．What is discussed about the new research in paragraph 5
A．Its limitations. B．Its strengths.
C．Its uniqueness. D．Its process.
53．What is Eva Portelance’s attitude to the AI research
A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Dismissive. D．Positive.
四、完形填空
Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple 54 .
Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 55 do with it We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out and why; how to deal with difficult 56 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.
So why are we keen on gossiping Are we just natural wasters of both time and words Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life It’s not 57 according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 58 issues.
Dunbar 59 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— 60 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.
Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 61 of the higher primates (灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming — cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 62 from outside it.
As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 63 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 64 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 65 the pressure and calm everybody down.
But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 66 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 67 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal (有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 68 contact.
54．A．mission B．radiation C．comparison D．gossip
55．A．occasionally B．merely C．habitually D．originally
56．A．social B．political C．historical D．leisurely
57．A．the case B．the question C．the issue D．the key
58．A．financial B．sensitive C．royal D．vital
59．A．confirms B．outlines C．dismisses D．broadens
60．A．for instance B．on the contrary C．in addition D．as a result
61．A．motivation B．motive C．emotion D．behaviour
62．A．inspection B．harmony C．attack D．assistance
63．A．convinces B．comprises C．confesses D．concludes
64．A．prospect B．protection C．maintenance D．luxury
65．A．discipline B．bother C．maintain D．ease
66．A．cast B．consumed C．extended D．floated
67．A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．thoughtful
68．A．invisible B．daily C．constant D．physical
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are about 6, 500 languages in the world, but did you know that a language disappears every two weeks International Mother Language Day, 21 February, is 69 day to celebrate and protect all the languages of the world.
In 1999, a special day to promote mother languages 70 (create): International Mother Language Day. The day was also intended to raise 71 (aware)of just how many languages we have on this planet and to protect them. The idea for this special day came from the country of Bangladesh, 72 Bangladeshis mark 21 February when the Bangla language was 73 (official)accepted. Bangladeshis celebrate the day 74 holding literary competitions and singing songs. Other 75 (country)have also set up special projects to mark this day.
Language is much more than just a way of 76 (communicate). Language, particularly our mother tongue, is an essential part of our culture. Everyone has the right 77 (use)their own mother language and to keep the traditions and ways of thinking that their language represents. And this is 78 International Mother Language Day is all about.
五、书信写作
79．假如你是李华，你在网上看到李明发的帖子，他说他的英语口语不好，希望得到大家的帮助，你给他回帖。内容要点提示：
1．给李明提建议；
2．你的练习英语口语的成功做法；
3．你在英语学习中遇到的困难一并请求帮助。
注意：词数80左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
