2025年人教版中考英语语法综合复习之形容词和副词基本用法讲义

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形容词和副词基本用法
形容词的基本用法
一．形容词的定义与功能
表示人或事物的性质，状态，特征或属性，用来修饰名词或代词。
前置定语：放在名词前 eg. I have a useful book.
(1) 作定语
后置定语：放在不定代词后 eg. My friend wants to tell me something important.
注意：
1) 少数形容词只能作定语，如little， live(活着的)， elder， eldest等
2) 多个形容词修饰名词时，形容词的位置关系：
冠词/指示代词/物主代词 +序数词/基数词 +一般描述性形容词+大小/长短/形状 +年龄/新旧 +颜色
+国籍/出处 +材料 + 用途/类别 +名词中心词。
口诀1：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠
口诀2：好美小高状其新，颜色国材特别亲
eg. her long straight black hair 长直黑 a big modern hospital 一家现代化的大医院
a small round basket 一个小圆篮子 a large yellow Chinese coat一件黄色的中国式大衣
a big green bus 一辆大的绿色公交车 an expensive Japanese sports car一辆昂贵的跑车
(2) 作表语：放在系动词之后 eg. The people in my hometown are very friendly.
注意：
有些adj在句子只能作表语，不作定语，
这类词有alive，awake，asleep，afraid，alone，alike, sorry,sure, well，glad，ill，frightened，worth等
(3) 作宾补：形容词作宾语补足语时，应放在宾语之后，表示宾语的性质、状态或身份等
eg. My sister always makes her mother angry.
(4) 作状语:两个形容词用and连接起来放在句末。eg. They returned from the war， safe and sound.
形容词的构成
(1) 常见的形容词后缀
名词 构成方法 意义 举例
表示天气的名词 -y 充满...的 多..的 cloud-cloudy wind-windy
表示称谓的名词 -ly ...般的 friend-friendly mother-motherly
表示时间的名词 -ly 每…的 week -weekly month-monthly
表抽象意义的名词 -ful -y -less ...的 ...的 无...的 use-useful luck-lucky hope- hopeless
表示大洲与国家的名词 -n ...的 ...人的 Asia-Asian America-American
表示物质的名词 -en ...材制的 wood-wooden gold-golden
表示方位的名词 -ern ...方位的 朝……方的 west-western east-eastern
1）加_________或_________：interesting，interested， boring，bored，exciting，excited
2）加__________：comfortable，usable，reliable，drinkable；eatable；valuable；reasonable
3）加__________：actual，general，international，medical，mental，natural，official，several，special, usual
4）加__________：instant，distant，important，pleasant
5）加__________：absent，different，excellent，patient，present.
6）加__________：physical，political，practical，technical
7）加__________：curious，famous，dangerous，obvious，poisonous，serious，various，humorous
8）复合形容词：
a.数词 + n + adj. eg. a 500-meter-long bridge
b. adj./ 数词 + n. + ed eg. a fifteen–storyed building a middle-aged man
c. adj + v.-ing eg. a good-looking man an easy-going woman
d. n+ v.-ed: eg. a man-made lake a snow-covered mountain
e. adv+v-ed: eg. a well-known writer a newly-built bridge
即时演练：
1.That would be a _______________(reason) thing to do in a big city.
2.Mary felt ________________(please) because there were many empty seats in the room.
3.The proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _______________(nature) course.
4.It was a little far to her car and it was a ______________(fog) day yesterday.
5.The terrible film made the girl stay ______________(wake) all the night.
6.一个八岁大的男孩 _________________________________
(2) 常见的否定前缀
1）dis-（5个）
① like v.喜欢 →_______________ ② ____________ v.同意 →______________
③ ____________ v.出现 →_______________ ④ ____________ n.优点 →______________
⑤ ____________ adj.诚实的 →______________
2）un-（15个）
①friendly adj.有好的 →unfriendly ②happy adj.高兴的 →_______________
③_____________ adj.健康的 →_______________ ④_____________ adj.重要的 →________________
⑤______________ adj.拥挤的 →______________ ⑥_____________ adj.幸运的 →________________
⑦fortunate adv.幸运地 →_______________ ⑧_____________ adj.公平的 →________________
⑨______________ adj.舒适的 →_______________ ⑩able adj.能够的 →________________
pleasant adj.______________ →_______________ ____________ adj.熟悉的 →___________________
usual adj.平常的 → ___________________ ______________adj.可数的 →__________________
________________ adj.成功的 →_______________
3）im-（2个）
①_____________ adj. 礼貌的 →______________ ②________________adj.可能的→_________________
4）in-（3个）
①expensive adj.昂贵的 →________________ ②________________ adj.直接的→_____________
③______________ adj.正确的 →________________
5）ir-（2个）
①______________ adj.规则的 →________________ ②____________adj.有责任心的→_____________
三、注意事项
(1) 以ly结尾的形容词。 Eg.friendly，lively，lonely，lovely，daly
(2) The+有些形容词，表一类人或物。 Eg. the old，the young.
(3) enough位置，形前名后。 Eg.She is confident enough to make enough money.
(4) 表长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。
Eg.The rope is two meters long. = It’s a two-meter-long rope.
(5) 常见的含形容词的句型： It’s +adj. + for sb. to do sth. It’s +adj. + of sb. to do sth.
It’s +adj. +that + 从句. 主语 + be +adj. + to do sth. find/make/think/feel/consider it +adj to do sth.
四、常与介词搭配的形容词
be与of的短语
be proud of 为……感到自豪 be afraid of 害怕 be fond of 喜欢
be certain/ sure of 对……有把握 be tired of 对……厌倦 be full of 充满
be与in搭配
be interested in 对…感兴趣 be weak in 在……方面薄弱缺乏
be successful in 在……方面成功 be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格
be与 about搭配
be sure about 对……有把握 be crazy about 对……着迷 be worried about 对…担忧
be sorry about 对……感到遗憾 be anxious about 对……感到焦虑 be curious about对..感到好奇
be与to搭配
be close to 靠近 be friendly to 对……友好 be polite to 对……有礼貌
be与for搭配
be famous/ known for 因……而著名 be ready for 为…做好准备 be sorry for为…感到抱歉
be good for对……有好处 be bad for对……有坏处 be thirsty for渴望
be thankful for因……而感激
be与with搭配
be angry with 生……的气 be filled with 充满 be satisfied with对..感到满意
be pleased with对…感到满意 be patient with对……有耐心 be strict with sb.对..要求严格
副词的基本用法
一、副词的定义与功能
在句中表示行为或状态特征的词，用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词或整个句子。
(1) 作状语:
副词修饰动词： eg.I speak English well.
副词修饰形容词： eg.She was badly ill.
副词修副词： eg.He works very hard.
副词修饰整个句子： eg.Fortunately，he found his son at last.
(2) 作表语:
作表语的副词多数是表示位置或状态的，如：in，out，on，off，up，down，away，upstairs，downstairs
eg.He us in. I must be off now. What’s on this evening
(3) 作宾补: eg.Let them in.
副词的构成
(1) 一般情况下，adj后直接加ly : real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly；
(2) 以y结尾, 1) 读音为/i/,变y为i加ly: busy-busily;angry-angrily;happy-- happily,easy--easily,lucky --luckily
2) 且读音为/ai/,直接加ly :dry- dryly shy- shyly
(3) 以e结尾， 1) 以元音字母加e结尾,去e加ly： true -- truly
2) 以辅音字母加e结尾,直接加ly：wise-wisely; wide--widely
(4) 以轴音字母加le结尾时,去e加y: simple--simply, considerable--considerably, terrible--terribly;possible--possibly
注意：
有些形容词与副词同形。
better，last ，early，more，else，much，far，next，fast，only，hard，little
well， straight，high， deep，wide，firm，colse，daily，enough，long
2) 有些以尾的词并非副词，而是形容词 : friendly， lively，lonely， likely， lovely， brotherly，
三、副词的分类
(1) 时间副词
时间副词有now，then， today， tomorrow， yesterday， before， soon，ltely， already， just等。
时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标，所以一定要牢固掌握不同时态的时间标志。
(2) 地点副词
地点副词有outside， inside， upstairs， here， there，home，near，away，in，back，off，up，anywhere等。 地点副词和动词连用时不加介词。
(3) 方式副词
方式副词有 quickly，happily， loudly， badly easily，fast等。方式副词大多由“形容词+ly”构成。
(4) 程度副词
程度副词有 very， quite， rather， too， much，so等。
有些程度副词可以修饰形容词、副词的原级，有些能修饰形容词、副词的比较级。
(5) 频度副词
频度副词有ofen， usually， never等。
(6) 疑问副词
疑问副词有when， where，why，how， how long， how soon，how often， how far等。
疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。
(7) 关系副词
关系副词有when， where，why。关系副词常用来引导定语从句。
(8) 连接副词
连接副词有how，where，why，whether等，连接副词常用来引导名词性从句，主要是宾语从句
四、副词的其他考点
(1) 在英语学习中，常见一些形容词或副词（词组）形近或意近，是考查的重点。
alone/ lonely; especially/ specially/ especial/ special
alive/ living/ lively/live; maybe/ possibly/ perhaps;
aloud/loud/ loudly; too/also/ either/nor;
already/yet; enough/too/so/ quite/very/ very much;
most/ mostly; too much/ too many/ much too;
too.. to.../ enough ... to... / so ... that ... / such... that...
some time(一段时间)/some times(几次)/ sometime（某时）/ sometimes（有时）
how引导的疑问副词。How,how often,how long,how soon,how far,how many,how much等
(2) 兼有两种形式的副词
late 与lately deep与deeply high与highly
wide与widely close与closely near与nearly, hard与hardly.
eg. 1. I can catch up with my friend, even I study as as him. (hard/ hardly)
2.The plane is flying . / People think of MoYan’s novels. (high/ highly)
3. , he always was for class. (late/ lately)
4.I have homework to do today. (too much/ much too)
A组
一、单选。
( ) 1. He feels now because he stayed up to watch a soccer game last night.
A. awake B. energetic C. sleepy
( ) 2．---It’s very important to be on time when meeting together with your friends.
---Yes. It’s___________ to keep others waiting.
A．polite B．impolite C．necessary
( ) 3.--In Columbia, we are____about time and we enjoy that kind of slow life.
--Things are really different here. It’s very important for us to be on time.
A.worried B. relaxed C. serious
( ) 4. Li Na won the Australia Open Women’s Single Champion. She is a _____tennis player.
A. helpful B. successful C.painful
( ) 5. I _____watch TV on weekdays because of too much homework.
A. always B. usually C.seldom
( ) 6. Mom, I’m an 18-year-old girl. I think I’m _______ to choose my own clothes.
A. old enough B. too old C. enough old
( ) 7.---When can we know the result of the test,Mr.Wu
---As soon as the result comes out, I'll tell you, so please be________.
A.patient B.brave C. active
( ) 8.These flowers grow_______ and smell ________.
A.good,nicely B.nice, well C.well,nice
( ) 9.Nobody else is more_______than my uncle Joe because he is good at telling jokes and always makes us happy.
A. patient B. polite C. humorous
( ) 10.Scot was _____killed in the car accident yesterday. Luckily, he was saved by the doctor.
A. exactly B. nearly C. completely
( ) 11.---Why do you love your new science teacher so much
----Because he is such a(n) _________teacher that he always explains problems in a funny and relaxing way.
A. patient B. humorous C. active
( ) 12. He used to think nothing is more______than playing computer games. But now he keeps himself away from it.
facscinating B. boring C. meaningless
( ) 13.Singles’ Day （Nov. 11）is a good time to shop online. A lot of products are on sale at this time, and you can buy them more ______________.
A. cheaply B. easily C. directly
( ) 14.--I want to take part in after-class activities。
--So do I. I think these activities can make us feel_________.
A.relaxed B.stressed C embarrassed
( ) 15. In China, when your guest's cup is _______，you should fill it with wine(酒).
A. full B. broken C. empty
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Jane looks so ____________ today because she has got an ’A’ in her maths test. (happy)
2. Mobile phones are ____________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China
3. He put on his coat and went out ______________ (quick).
4. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold _____________ (snow) night
5. Allie asked me _____________ (polite) to put the things away
6. Tom's purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. _______________(Fortunate), there was no money in it
7. You must keep your eyes _____________ when you do eye exercises (close)
8. I feel difficult to learn words by heart and I often feel ____________(nervously) when speaking English
9. The cake smells ___________. Please throw it away. (bad)
10.What was the weather like yesterday
------It was terrible. It rained so ______________ (heavy) that people could ____________ (hard) go out
11. Attention please, everybody! Please keep ______________ for a moment. And let me take a photo (silent)
12. Fred is second to hand in maths papers in our class, but believe it or not,
he _________________ passed the last exam (success)
13. Bob never does him homework so _____________ as Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.(care)
14. Your English is good. I’ll try my best to speak it as ____________ as you do. (clear)
15. “We must keep ____________ in the library.”the woman said _____________to me. (quiet)
16. Mobile phones are _____________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.
17. The ________________ (careful) driver drives ________________ (careful).
18. --- One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.
--- Right. The government spoke _______________ of that. (high)
19. --- This digital camera is really cheap! ---The __________ , the better.(cheap)
20. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. ____________ (luck), there was no money in it.
1-5 happy, widely, quickly, snowy, politely 6-10 Fortunately, closed, nervous, bad, heavily-hardly11-15 silent, successfully, careful;clearly, quiet-quietly6.widely; ;7. careful carefully 8. highly 9.cheaper 10.Luckily;
B组
一、单选。
( ) 1.My brother doesn’t like hamburgers ,so he eats it.
A.seldom B.sometimes C always
( ) 2. The ride in Fun Times Park looked ____________, so I didn’t have a try yesterday.
A. exciting B. interesting C. scary
( ) 3. The smile on my father's face showed that he was ________ with me.
A. sad B. pleased C. angry
( ) 4.The Lohas Green Way is very_________my home, so my father and I often exercise there.
A.far from B.close to C.similar to
( ) 5. David used to like playing computer games. He found nothing more _________ than that.
But now he loses himself in reading.
A. harmful B. fascinating C. meaningless
( ) 6. The teacher can see in our eyes that we are__knowledge. She tells us that knowledge will give us wings to fly.
A.responsible for B. similar to C. thirsty for
( ) 7.---It’s ___________to use chopsticks to hit an empty bowl while having dinner.
--- I’m sorry. I won’t do that again.
A. common B. impolite C. traditional
( ) 8. In America, most families have gardens. It’s ___________for teenagers to do a family’s yardwork.
A. normal B. difficult C. amazing
( ) 9. Our P.E. teacher is quite . He always shows us how to play sports over and over again.
A. strong B. humorous C. patient
( ) 10.Laura has been more ____________ and she likes talking with people around her now.
A. serious B. outgoing C. careful
( ) 11.—Nowadays, the doctors can treat patients with the help of 5G technology.
— It’s really______. Patients don't need to travel thousands of miles to see a doctor.
A. private B. terrible C. convenient
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. She is good at swimming. She can swim very ____________ (good).
2. The __________(early) birds get the worms(虫). So, we have to get up ___________(early).
3. Allie asked me _______________ (polite) to put the things away.
4. Susan looked ______________(happy) at the party.
5. He put on his coat and went out ________________ (quick).
6.Sam studies English very ____________, but he ____________ speaks English..(hard)
7.Jack is ______________ in the ____________ book.(interest)
8._____________, he wasn’t late for school in the morning. He really had good ____________.(luck)
9.She was ___________ welcomed. They gave a ______________ welcome.(warm)
10.______________ food can make us have a ____________ life.(health)
11. This kind of t-shirt looks _____________ and sells _______________. (good)
12. The night was very_____________, so she had to take off her shoes ____________(quiet)
13.How _____________ (quick) Betty answered the teacher's question!
14. People in different countries behave______________ (different) when they eat dinner.
15. The plane landed_____________ and we were __________________.(safe)
16. Little Tom can't move that ______________(heavy) box.
17. The man______________(grateful) accepted the present from the girl
18. You can imagine how ___________ I was when I ride to school on my bicycle. (happy)
19. He had time for a _______________(proper )breakfast and was still the first to reach the factory.
20. Lily is used to getting up _____________and she is always _____________for school (late)
1,Well 2 .eraly early 3.politely 4.happy 5.quickly 1.hard,hardly 2.interested,interesting 3.Luckily luck 4.warmly,warm 5.Healthy,healthy1-5 good-well, quiet-quietly, quickly, differently, safely-safe
6-10 heavy, gratefully, happy, Proper, late-late
B卷
首字母填空。
1. Thanks to your s , I have made great progress in my English study.
2. I was touched by the w of their welcome.
3. Tony likes collecting things. He has a v collection of paintings.
4. This year leaders of many countries gathered together to discuss e problems such as air pollution and water pollution.
5. Do you know that tea was invented a by Shen Nong
Keys:1. suggestions 2.warmth 3.valuable 4.environmental 5.accidentally
完成对话。
A: Hey, Li Ming! You seem quite nervous, what's wrong ？
B: Hello, Huang Yu! I’m worried about my English learning. I 1 to play computer games very often. And now, I fall behind others. Every class is like a bad dream. I just hide behind my textbook and never say anything. Could you give me some advice
A: Of course! I think the most important thing is to take each 2 to open your mouth in Class. Every Monday, our English teacher always asks us to talk about what we do over the weekend. Everyone has to sand up and speak. Nobody could 3 that. The first couple Mondays, the 4 weren’t anything special. Most were pretty boring, and the class had more of a “let's just get this done"attitude instead of an"I like this activity"attitude.
B: That sounded difficult. Then were there any special 5 .
A: The third Monday, however, this all changed. One of the students stood up and told an extremely 6 story that nobody thought of, using a lot of interesting phrases and some truly funny vocabulary. After this, the class all 7 this as the new norm(标准,规范) and nobody said no. And every week became a contest to see which competitor could tell the funniest, most creative story. As a result, going to class on Monday became something to really look forward to. B: The activity really helped out your language ability
A: Sure! No 8 were we just taking words and phrases out of the book, we were looking for other places, trying to be the most creative. Not only was it really fun, without 9 it also encouraged us to work harder!
B: You are so 10 to tell me so much. I have a long way to go. But I'm sure I can make progress if I practice my pronunciation a lot
A: That's true. Fighting .
Keys:used chance avoid stories happenings meaningful accepted longer doubt kind
三、短文填空。
accept appear fail gradual graduate he invent instead invite one receive with
A challenge is what we cannot solve easily without trying very hard. As we all know, our life is full of challenges. Challenge to get into a good high school, good college, good job, everything. Some of them are long term(期限), and can 1 be solved as time passes. Some of them are short term, and need immediate attention, for example, to finish a very important task at school, or to get a job after 2 . Short term challenges create a sense of tension(紧张)in us, and when they are solved, we feel happy. They also keep us busy until they 3 .
People love to face challenges because challenges make our life become more interesting and changeable 4
of being boring. Also challenges let people try to face what they do not want to face 5 . It is a process of self-improving and self-realizing.
When facing with these challenges, we should knock them back with the attitude(态度)that"you cannot change what you refuse to face.” Thomas Edison is a good example to show the importance of facing challenges with a strong mind. He had done a lot of experiments before the 6 long-lasting light bulb was invented. Among those experiments, there were thousands of times of 7 . If he had chosen to give up, he wouldn't have brought so many important 8 to the world. His life is the best evidence(证据)to prove that 9
challenges and overcoming(克服)difficulties are what life is all about. So, you see, our life will become so boring and our society cannot move on 10 challenges.
Keys:gradually graduation disappear instead themselves first failure inventions accepting without