Unit 4 Natural disasters>Listening and Speaking Words and Expressions 单词讲解 课件 新人教版必修一

(共43张PPT)
NATURAL DISASTERS
Words and Expresssions
further figure out the usages of such important words and expressions as damage, affect,effort, survive, strike, deliver
Learning objectives
learn to use the right collocations between adjectives and nouns, verbs and their objects, etc.
use what they have learnt into writing
disaster /d zɑ:st (r)/ n. 灾难；灾害
(2023·浙江卷）Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.
熟词生义：彻底失败的人或事
The flood destroyed people’s homes, leaving tens of thousands of people homeless.
Countless comments flooded in saying how hearbroken they were when looking at the polluted beach and ocean.
The store was flooded with customers on the day of the big sale, making it very crowded.
If the pipe bursts, it will flood the whole house.
FLOOD
n. 洪水；大量
vi. 淹没；大量涌入
vt. 使灌满水；淹没
magnitude / m gn tju:d /
n. (地)震级；重大
What are the rescue workers and sodiers doing in the flood-hit area
rescue / reskju:/ n.& vt. 营救；救援
救援人员
→ the rescue workers
救援队
→ the rescue teams
The lifeboat rescued the sailors from the sinking boat.
Which buildings were damaged in Seoul
damage / d m d / vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
损害某人的健康/形象
damage one’s health/the image
严重/轻微受损
be badly/seriously/slightly damaged
As we all know, garbage, unless dealt with in a proper way, will cause damage to the enviroment.
2,400 homes destroyed.
destroy /d 'str / vt. 摧毁 ；毁灭
2,400 homes destroyed.
destroy /d 'str / vt. 摧毁 ；毁灭
被彻底摧毁
be completely/totally destroyed
The wrong decision he made almost destroyed his life and all his hopes.
引申义：毁掉信仰、希望等
destroyer n. → destructive adj. → destruction n.
过去式/过去分词：destroyed
以“元音字母+-y”结尾的动词变为过去式、过去分词时，直接加-ed：
employ - employed annoy - annoyed delay - delayed
evacuate / v kjue t / vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
evacuation n.
helicopter / hel k pt (r)/ n. 直升机
death / deθ/ n. 死；死亡
be bored/scared to death
dead adj. 死的
the dead
deadly adj. 致命的
a deadly disease
82 killed, 500,000 affected
(2024·全国卷II) Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it's actually concentrated to a small number of regional areas.
At the age of 21, the man was affected by a strange disease.
The students were deeply affected by the moving story, with tears welling up in their eyes.
affection n. 喜爱
I have a great affection for Suzhou.
affect / 'fekt/ vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
Shelters set up by the government
shelter /' elt (r)/ n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避 (风、雨或危险)
It’s dangerous to stand under the shelter of a tree when it rains in summer.
It began to rain suddenly, so we had to run into the coffee shop to shelter us from the heavy rain.
crack /kr k/ n. 裂纹；裂缝
vi. &vt. (使)破裂
保护...（免受）...
It seemed as if the world were comig to an end.
as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
= as though
in less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins
ruin /'ru: n/ n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏
Shortly after suffering from a big earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.
Perter got caught in the rain on the way home, and his new sports shoes got ruined.
ruin one’s hope/health/future/fame
被夷为废墟
percent / p sent / n. 百分之……
adj.&adv.每一百中
brick /br k/ n. 砖；砖块
metal /'metl/ n. 金属
People were in shock...
shock / k/ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
The news of his sudden death came as a great shock to the whole nation.
We are all shocked to know that the living environment of the polar bears is worsening so rapidly.
shocked adj. 震惊的；愤慨的
shocking adj. 使人震惊的；令人气愤的
a shocked look/expression
shocking behaviour
electricity / lek tr s ti/ n. 电；电能
trap /tr p/ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
...the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead
The hikers were trapped in the storm and had to seek shelter in a cave.
Parents often fall into the trap of trying to do everything for their children.
bury / beri/ vt. 埋葬；安葬
Some people were buried in the ruins and a great number of houses were destroyed.
She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
The scientist buries himself in/is buried in his research, caring little about his clothes.
Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
breathe / bri: / vi.& vt. 呼吸
We all breathed a sigh of relief when the lost boy was found.
breath n. 呼吸
out of breath lose one’s breath
take a deep breath hold one’s breath
take one’s breath away = to be very surprising or beautiful
令人惊叹
a breathtaking view 激动人心的景色
breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的
revive /r va v/ vt.& vi. 复活；(使)苏醒
revival n. 振兴；复苏
-al （名词后缀）：表示过程或状态
revive → revival 复苏
arrive → arrival 到达
survive → survival 生存；幸存
propose → proposal 提议；建议
approve → approval 赞成；通过
With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people...
I have made up my mind to make every effort to study, for I believe hard work is the key to success.
In an effort to help him understand the importance of studying hard, his father brought him to where he worked.
The parents spare no effort to provide their children with the best education.
It’s a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort.
effort /'ef t/ n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
effortless adj. 不需费力的；容易的
unify / ju:n fa / vi.& vt. 统一；(使)成一体
wisdom / w zd m/ n. 智慧；才智
context / k ntekst/ n. 上下文；语境；背景
-dom （名词后缀）：表示状况或状态
wise → wisdom 智慧
free → freedom 自由
bore → boredom 厌烦
... though they were suffering from terrible injuries...
suffer / s f / vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
suffer from (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
suffer from a bad cold/a serious illness/headache/toothache
The football team suffered a defeat.
遭受；蒙受 (其后常跟抽象名词，相当于experience)
suffer pain/hardship/damage
suffering n. 痛苦；疼痛 sufferings n. 受难者；患病者
VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
supply /s pla / n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给
She was very lucky! She survivded because of a plenty supply of fresh water.
When nutrients are in short supply, the body cannot function properly.
The government has supplied the local people with plenty of food and medicine since the earthquake happened.
= The government has supplied plenty of food and medicine to the local people since the earthquake happened.
typhoon /ta fu:n/ n. 台风
hurricane / h r k n/
n . (尤指大西洋的)飓风
The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything that they could find.
in the open air 露天；在户外
She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.
survive /s va v/ vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过
作及物动词时，其后常跟war, accident, flood, fire, earthquake, air crash等词语
Many birds didn’t survive the severe winter.
How does the family survive on such a small monthly pay
She survived her husband by ten years.
survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 survival n. 生存；存活
= live on 靠...活下来/生存
比某人多活...
Go to an open space away from buildlings, trees, or power lines.
power / pa (r)/ n. 电力供应；力量；控制力
Don’t worry. I will do everything within my power to help you.
Not that I don’t want to help you, but that it’s beyond my power.
The present government came to power last year.
开始掌权
powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的
tap /t p/ vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
pipe /pa p/ n. 管子；管道
whistle / w sl/ vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声
Call an emergency number.
emergency /i m :d nsi/ n. 突发事件；紧急情况
In case of emergency, break the glass and press the button.
emergency room
Stay calm.
calm /kɑ:m/ adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
When in danger, we must stay calm and call the police for help in time.
A hug can sometimes calm a crying child down.
calmness n. 平静；镇静
Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries.
aid /e d/ n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助；援助
In case of emergency, it is of great importance to know basic first aid skills.
Words will be put up around the classroom to aid students with spelling.
kit /k t/ n. 成套工具；成套设备
first aid kit 急救箱
...explain what emergency supplies people should keep on hand.
on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
1. in hand 在手头
at hand 在手边，即将发生
by hand 用手工
on the one hand..., on the other hand... 一方面..., 另一方面...
2. hand in 提交，交上
hand out 分发
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into castlines across Asia yesterday.
crash /kr / vt.& vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞
The car crashed into a tree, but luckily no one was injured.
Thanks to the seat belt, the passengers survived the car crash.
Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnititude of 9.0.
sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. ( swept, swept) 打扫；清扫
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
The tsunami swept away everything in its path, leaving nothing behind.
sweep out 打扫干净，清扫干净
sweep over 涌上心头
Fear swept over him like cold，dark sea water.
恐惧像冰冷、黑暗的海水一样淹没了他。
wave /we v/ n. 海浪；波浪 vi.& vt. 挥手；招手
A wave of grief came over me, as I realized there was no one left to help me. I could only rely on myself. (读后续写：心理描写)
Translation:
一阵暖意涌上詹妮弗的心头。
_________________________________________
My mother was crying as I waved goodbye to her.
A wave of warmth swept over Jennifer’s heart.
The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m. Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.
strike /stra k/ vi.& vt. (struck,struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
Be careful not to strike your head against the door.
The clock has just struck three.
Strike while the iron is hot.
Following that, it gradually struck me that the love of mother is priceless, which nothing can match.
The taxi drivers are all on strike, so we will have to go to the airport by subway.
striking adj. 引人注目的 stricken adj. 受灾的；患病的
It hits/strikes/occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到...
However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
deliver /d l v (r)/ vt. &vi. 递送；传达 vt.发表
Last summer, I took part in voluntary work, delivering meals to some old people living alone.
After the flag was raised, one student delivered a speech titled “ I will do my part to make China more powerful”.
They rushed her to hospital where doctors delivered her baby.
Read the summary of the news report.
summary / s m ri/ n. 总结；概括；概要
In summary, the book is a great read for anyone interested in history.
总的来说，总之
At the end of this activity, the monitor made a brief summary in a few words.
作简单总结
summarise v. 概述；总结
effect / fekt/ n. 影响；结果；效果
During his lifetime, Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems, which have a great effect on Chinese culture.
The new law has come into effect, and the number of wild animals here is on the increase now.
In effect, “Upside down blessing” during the Spring Festival shows an idea that people look forward to “Happiness”.
side effects 副作用
greenhouse effect 温室效应
effective adj. 有效的；实际的
生效，开始实施
实际上
对...有影响
Is the summary the proper length
length /le θ/ n. 长；长度
-en/en- (动词后缀/前缀)：使...
length → lengthen v. 使变长
height → heighten v. 使提高
strength → strengthen v. 增强
wide adj. →widen v. 变宽
deep adj. → deepen v. 变深
courage n. → encourage v. 鼓励
rich adj. → enrich v. 使富有
Practice
1. You can’t imagine the damage that the powerful earthquake does _____ the country.
2. With the government’s aid, those __________ (affect) by the terrible earthquake have moved to the new settlement.
3. Various activities were organised, such as a lecture __________ (deliver) by a famous expertfrom a big hospital in our city.
4. (2022·北京卷）Since people can’t always eat out or cook for themselves, they get takeout or order __________ (deliver).
5. Emotions are easily affected by stress. People who suffer __________ stress often feel nervous.
to
affected
delivered
delivery
from
Thank you！