2024-2025学年高中英语版必修第一册北师版 Unit 1 单元专项提升 课件

(共120张PPT)
Unit 1 Life Choices
单元专项提升
英语版必修第一册北师版
单元语法归纳
巧梳理·知识框图
挖教材·语法示例
判断下列句子中画线的动词不定式所作的成分
1.Teens has invited two students to write about their daily life in senior secondary
school.
____________
宾语补足语
2.It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different
online shops before I buy.
______
主语
3.I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term. ______
4.My aim is to do well in every subject this term. ______
5....I can have more free time to do other things that I'm interested in after school.
______
6.To achieve all I want, I must use my time well. ______
宾语
表语
定语
状语
细归纳 语法精讲
动词不定式
动词不定式由"to+动词原形"构成（在某些情况下可以省略to），其否定形式为
"not+动词不定式"。
知识点1 动词不定式的时态和语态形式
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,但仍保留动词的部分特征，有时态和语态的变
化。具体形式如下表所示（以do为例）：
语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
知识点2 动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、
定语、状语和宾语补足语等多种成分。
1.作主语
（1）动词不定式作主语时，在很多情况下都可以用动词-ing替代，但表示某些具体
情况，或在某些固定说法中，通常不用动词-ing替代。
（2）单个的动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
（3）若动词不定式太长,则往往用it作形式主语,动词不定式后置，以使句子结构平衡。
To err is human.［谚］金无足赤，人无完人。/人非圣贤，孰能无过。
To finish this job in one day is impossible.要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。
（表示某次具体的情况）
It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter.冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
(2023·浙江1月)I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing
how cool I thought it would be ________（buy） groceries with jars, and have so
little trash!
to buy
【解析】句意：我记得我给父母看了一段贝亚·约翰逊的视频，分享我认为用罐子买
杂货有多酷，而且产生的垃圾这么少!分析句子结构可知，此处为句型"It
+be+adj.+to do sth."，it为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to buy。
2.作表语
动词不定式置于be动词后面作表语时，常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用，其
主语常常是dream、wish、idea、plan、task、purpose、duty、job等表示意向、打算、
职责等意义的词。
His dream is to become an astronaut.他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。
My main task is to get this company running smoothly.我的主要任务是使这家公司
运转顺利。
当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，可以省略动词不定式符号to。
What he wanted to do was （to） become a skillful worker.他的愿望是成为一个技
术熟练的工人。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
(新高考Ⅰ卷)His job is ______（sit） beside the pianist and turn the pages of the
score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it
themselves.
to sit
【解析】空处作表语解释主语His job的具体内容，应用动词不定式。
3.作宾语
（1）一些动词之后常跟动词不定式作宾语，此类词有：
动词 记忆口诀
offer、choose、plan 主动提出选计划
agree、ask、wait 同意请求等一等
want/would like/expect/hope/wish、learn、 decide/determine 想要学会有决心
happen、fail 可能碰巧会失败
refuse、pretend、manage 拒绝假装必成功
I asked to see the manager. 我要求见经理。
My dad has offered to pick us up. 我爸爸主动提出开车来接我们。
I do not wish to be disturbed in my work. 我不希望有人打搅我的工作。
She failed to pass her driving test.她未能通过驾照考试。
（2）在一些动词后既可以加to do形式作宾语，也可以加动词-ing作宾语，但意义不
同。如：
forget/remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要做某事
forget/remember doing sth. 忘记/记得做过某事
regret to do sth. 遗憾地做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
（3）用于"动词+it+adj./n.+动词不定式"结构中，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真
正的宾语。能用于该结构的动词有feel、find、think、believe、consider、make等。
I find it pleasant to work with him.我发现跟他一块儿工作挺愉快的。
I think it useful to learn a foreign language.我认为学一门外语是有用的。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking（远足）and
accommodations aim ________ （have） a low impact on the natural environment.
to have
【解析】固定用法aim to do意为"力求做到"。
2.(山东高考)The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult _______ （tell）
one from the other.
to tell
【解析】分析句子结构可知，句中的it为形式宾语，此处应用动词不定式作真正的宾语。
4.作定语
动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。
（1）动词不定式作定语的几种情况：
①序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the only/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常
用动词不定式作定语。
He is the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
②抽象名词ability、attempt、chance、opportunity、promise、reason、time、way 等
后常用动词不定式作定语。
Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand, even more so.对于学习
来说，兴趣同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。
He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.他许诺明天按时来这儿。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(2023·全国甲卷)And the only way for us _______（get） into the habit of
waiting is to practice.
to get
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语修饰抽象名词way，且其前有the only
修饰，所以要用动词不定式。
2.(北京高考)Volunteering gives you a chance__________（change） lives, including
your own.
to change
【解析】抽象名词chance后常用动词不定式作定语。
③something、anything、nothing等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。
Do you have anything to say 你有什么要说的吗？
④动词不定式作定语可表示将来的、还没发生的动作。
He said he had an important meeting to attend. 他说他有一个重要的会议要参加。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on
the moon.在我们准备好长时间停留在月球上之前，还有许多问题要解决。
（2）动词不定式中的动词与被修饰词之间的关系
①动宾关系
动词不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，这取决于动词不定式所表示的动
作是否是由句子的主语发出的。试比较：
Do you have anything to send 你有什么东西要寄吗？（动词不定式to send所表示
的动作的执行者是主语"you"）
Do you have anything to be sent 你有什么东西要（我或别人）寄吗？（动词不定
式to be sent所表示的动作的执行者不是主语，而是"我"或"别人"）
如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应有介词，与被修饰的中心词构
成动宾关系。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一所舒适的房子住。
②主谓关系
被修饰词是动词不定式中的动词的逻辑主语时,动词不定式相当于关系代词作主语的
定语从句。
We need someone to help with the work.=We need someone that can help with the
work.我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。
In our school she is the only student to attend the important meeting.=In our
school she is the only student that is to attend the important meeting.她是我们学校
唯一一名要去参加这次重要会议的学生。
③同位关系
动词不定式说明被修饰的词语的内容。
There is no need to worry about tomorrow; what you need to do is make the most
of today.没有必要担心明天，你需要做的是充分利用今天。
链高考 真题精练
1.(天津高考)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ___.
C
A.catching B.caught C.to catch D.to be caught
【解析】句意：整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。本空表示将来的、
还没发生的动作，train 和catch之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且catch这一动作由句子主
语I发出，故选C。
2.语法填空
①(四川高考)The airport ________________（complete） next year will help
promote tourism in this area.
to be completed
【解析】句意：明年竣工的机场将有助于推动这个地区旅游业的发展。由next year
可知，空处所表示的动作尚未发生，故用动词不定式；又因为complete与The airport
之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词不定式的被动式。
②(重庆高考)We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision____________
（make） at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
to be made
【解析】根据前面的"We're having a meeting in half an hour"可知，会议还没开始，
故The decision后面的定语应用动词不定式，表示将要发生的动作；又因为make与
The decision之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此要用动词不定式的被动式。
5.作状语
动词不定式可用作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。
（1）作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语时，其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，一
般放在句子后部，表示强调，也可位于句首；其前可加in order和so as，但加so as
时不能放在句首。
I came here to say goodbye to you.我来这儿是为了向你告别。
He ran fast all the way so as to/in order to catch the first bus.他一路快速奔跑以
便赶上第一班公共汽车。
In order to pass the exam, he studied hard till midnight.为了通过考试，他努力学习
到半夜。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables（寓言） _________
（teach） a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
to teach
【解析】句意：几千年来，人们讲述寓言，目的是给人以教训或传递智慧。空处作
目的状语，应用动词不定式。注意：后面的"or to pass"也是提示。
（2）作原因状语
动词不定式常跟在作表语的形容词和动词-ed转化来的形容词之后，用来说明产生某
种情绪或作出某种评价的原因。此类词有happy、lucky、surprised、sorry、glad、
delighted、eager、anxious、ready、foolish、interested、careless等。
We're quite glad to meet you here.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。
They were very surprised to be informed of the news.得知这个消息他们很吃惊。
You were careless to leave your bike unlocked.放下自行车不锁，你真粗心。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
(全国Ⅱ卷)The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy
__________ （watch）anything that happened to be on.
to watch
【解析】分析句子结构可知，逗号后面的内容在句中作状语,形容词happy后应接动
词不定式作原因状语，表示高兴的原因。
（3）作结果状语
常用于too...to do sth.、so ...as to do sth.、such...as to do sth.结构中。若表示意想
不到或是不愉快的结果，则常在动词不定式前加only。
She was so excited as to be unable to say a word.她激动得一句话也说不出来。
He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.他到了车站，却被告知火
车已经开走了。
动词-ing（短语）作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果。
Jack has made great progress，making his parents very happy.杰克取得了巨大的进
步，这让他的父母很高兴。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
(天津高考)Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only
________ （find） it didn't fit.
to find
【解析】句意：她迫不及待地从包裹里拿出裙子并试穿了一下，结果发现它不合身。
动词不定式常与only连用表示意料之外或使人不愉快的结果。
6.作宾语补足语
（1）ask、tell、invite、get、advise、allow、want、permit、warn、order、encourage、
prefer、expect、force、wish、beg等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意
义的动词后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
My teacher encouraged me to study German.我的老师鼓励我学习德语。
Her parents don't allow her to go out at night.她父母不允许她晚上出去。
（2）believe、consider、declare、find、imagine、judge、prove、think等表示意见、
认可、判断、料想、声明等意义的动词后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
I believe him to be honest.我相信他是诚实的。
They found him to be charming.他们觉得他很有魅力。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had
allowed me ___________（present） my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by
acting out a play, where I played all the parts.
to present
【解析】此处allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，动词不定式作宾语补足语。
有些感官（短语）动词（如feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, notice）和
使役动词（如make, have, let）后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，to经常被省略。但
被动语态中需加上to。
It's quite interesting to look at other people play chess. 看别人下棋很有趣。
The teacher made me wait while she was talking to other students.（=I was made
by the teacher to wait while she was talking to other students.）老师在她和其他同
学谈话时让我等着。
知识点3 "疑问词/whether+动词不定式"结构
（1）常见的疑问词：疑问代词who、what（无选择范围）、
which（有选择范围）和疑问副词how、when、where。
（2）语法功能：作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
（3）作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式。
（4）该结构中的动词不定式常用主动形式。
How to improve English is often discussed among the students.这些学生们经常讨论
如何提高英语水平。（作主语）
The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just
communicate with them. 成功闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人产生共鸣，而不仅仅是
与他们沟通。（作宾语）（链高考|全国Ⅱ卷）
This room is too small. The problem now is where to put this bookshelf. 这间屋子
太小了。现在的问题是该把这个书架放在哪儿。（作表语）
I have no idea when to tell her the bad news. 我不知道什么时候告诉她这个坏消
息。（作同位语）
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
(2023·全国甲卷)So, it's been useful to know how _________（cover） up holes
and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out.
to cover
【解析】句意：当我搬出去时，为避免产生任何费用，知道如何掩盖洞和重新粉刷
房间很有用。"how ___ （cover） up"是"疑问词+动词不定式"结构，在句中作know
的宾语。
语法练 专项提升
Ⅰ 用括号内词的适当形式填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using
chemicals __________ （control） weeds.
to control
2.(北京高考)He reached inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so
he could contact（联系） the driver, only ____________（discover） it contained
￡400 in notes.
to discover
3.The ability ___________（express）an idea is as important as the idea itself.
to express
4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The program aims ________（help） students develop science
skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
to help
5.The activity is scheduled to be held on May 15 in the form of class meetings,
which will be a good opportunity _________（learn） about traditional Chinese
culture.
to learn
6.Please let me know where the meeting is ___________（hold）tomorrow.
7.(2023·浙江1月)But no matter when you travel, it's a good idea _________（make）
your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
to be held
to make
8.(全国Ⅲ卷)He is the first Chinese citizen ________（win） this award.
to win
9.(2023·浙江1月)____________（calculate） your speed as you do, divide 3,600
（the number of seconds in an hour） by the number of seconds it takes you
_________（travel） one mile （the distance between two mileposts）.
To calculate
to travel
10.The next time you are deciding on what_________（wear）or what color to
decorate your room, think about the color carefully.
to wear
Ⅱ 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, Chinese is becoming more and more popular among foreign kids.
But Chinese can be more difficult 1. .（learn）.Although many foreign
kids think that Chinese characters（汉字） have too many strokes（笔画）， they
still want to learn them. Some students in South Korea begin to learn2. .
（write） Chinese characters on their first day at school.3. .（help）
students learn Chinese，South Korea holds competitions for high school students
every year.
to learn
to write
To help
The Ministry of Education in our country 4. .（say） in an interview that
last year, more than 20 million people abroad 5. .（learn） Chinese.
Some even try6. .（write） and speak in a Chinese way in their spare
time.
China is developing 7. . fast that foreign countries want 8. .
（understand） China better so as to help them with their business. The Chinese
government is also helping the world learn Chinese. Nowadays, more and more
Confucius Institutes 9. . （set） up in foreign countries. By the end
of 2020, more than 180 countries and regions 10. .（introduce）
Chinese language education.
said
were learning
to write
so
to understand
are being set
had introduced
写作方法指导
如何写非正式的电子邮件
电子邮件一般篇幅短小，语言简洁明了，这样既便于阅读，又能使意思更清楚。
如果内容较多，可就重点部分做一些介绍，而把详细内容以"附件"的形式发出。电
子邮件一般包括以下几个部分：
收件人 在"收件人"框中输入收件人的电子邮箱
主题栏 邮件内容的简要概括——一个单词、一个短语或一个完整的句子
正文 （正文包括 称呼、开头 语、主体、 结束语、结 尾语和署 名。） （1）称呼：自成一行，顶格写。收件人多是熟悉的人，可以直呼其
名。但如果是发给老师、长辈或上级的邮件，最好在称呼前加上称
谓、职位或头衔，可用Doctor，Professor等，如Professor Li。男性用
Mr；女性可用Miss（未婚），Mrs（已婚）， Ms（不知婚否）。如
果不知道收信人是男是女，可以用"Dear Sir or Madam"。
（2）开头语：可先表达思念之情、询问近况等，也可直接开门见山
引入话题，指出写信的目的。
续表
正文 （正文包括 称呼、开头 语、主体、 结束语、结 尾语和署 名。） （3）主体：针对话题展开详细叙述。比如介绍自己的生活或学，针对某问题提出几点建议，告知某项活动的具体信息等。
（4）结束语：语气要友好。
（5）结尾语：大多数人会在自己的名字前写结尾语，如Yours
sincerely/faithfully/truly, Sincerely yours, Yours等。
（6）署名：即写信人的名字，写在结尾语的下一行。
续表
常用表达
1.开头语
Hi, there!/How are you doing /How are things going on
How are you getting on with your health/work/study
As I have not heard from you for long, I feel anxious.
I must apologize for not having written to you earlier.
Please pardon my not replying to your letter earlier.
I feel very sorry for not being able to reply to your last letter.
2.引入话题
I'm writing to invite you to...
I'm writing to inform you that...
I'm writing to tell you something about...
I'm writing to introduce...to you.
3.描述重要信息
The exhibition starts at 7:00 and ends at 18:00 on Sunday.
Here is my advice on how to...
Here, I'd like to offer you some advice/tips on how to...
4.结束语
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Please give my regards to your family.
Hope you will have a pleasant trip！/Wish you a pleasant journey！
I wish you a happy New Year！
Best wishes/regards!
巧运用 典例详析
书面表达
假定你是高一新生李华，你的美国笔友David来信询问你的近况，请你用英文给
他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.难忘的军训；
2.结识的新朋友，遇到的新老师；
3.个人感悟。
注意： 1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：军训 military training
Dear David,
__
Yours,
Li Hua
A 教你审题
本篇书面表达是一篇关于向好友描述近况的应用文，同学们需要用英语将提供
的信息完整流畅地表达出来。写作时需要用第一人称、第三人称，时态以一般现在
时为主，一般过去时为辅。
B 教你选词
1.在……的开始 _____________________
2.增强……的体质 ___________________
3.提供做某事的机会 _______________________________
4.全面，深入 _________
5.关于，至于_______
6.适应_________
at the beginning of...
build sb./oneself up
provide opportunities to do sth.
in depth
as for
adapt to
C 教你造句
1.我感到很累。
____________
2.它增强了我的体质，考验了我的意志。
__________________________________
3.新的学校生活提供了结交新朋友的机会。
_________________________________________________________
4.可以与新朋友深入交流意见。
_________________________________________________
5.有各种各样的课外活动，它们可以极大地丰富我的学校生活。
_________________________________________________________________________
_____
I was tired.
It built me up and tested my will.
New school life provides opportunities to make new friends.
Views can be exchanged in depth with new friends.
There are various after-school activities, which can greatly enrich my school life.
D 教你升级
1.用even though引导让步状语从句合并句1和句2。
【答案】Even though I was tired, it built me up and tested my will.
2.用定语从句合并句3和句4。
【答案】New school life provides opportunities to make new friends, with
whom views can be exchanged in depth.
E 教你成篇
Dear David,
I'm glad to receive your letter asking me about my high school life.
At the beginning of this new term, a strict but exciting seven-day military
training was held. Even though I was tired, it built me up and tested my will.
New school life provides opportunities to make new friends, with whom views
can be exchanged in depth. Besides, there are various after-school activities, which
can greatly enrich my school life【*】. As for my new teachers, it seems that they
all can make their lessons lovely and interesting. As you can see, the new life is
really challenging, and I'm adapting to it. How about you
Best regards!
Yours,
Li Hua
［名师点评］范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯。文中连接词、高级短语和高级
句式的运用显示了作者较高的语言驾驭能力。
【*】which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子。
［总结］ 范文中使用的本单元新学表达：
词汇_____________________________
句式_______________________
语法__________________________
challenging、various、adapt to
"make+宾语+宾补"结构
动词不定式短语作后置定语
提能力 迁移训练
书面表达
(全国Ⅱ卷)假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期
将参加比赛，内容包括：
1.比赛信息；
2.赛前准备；
3.表达期待。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__
【参考答案】
Dear Chris,
Are you excited about our coming volleyball game against Yucai Middle
School next Friday Here I'd like to inform you of some detailed information
so that you can make full preparations for it.
First and foremost, the competition will begin at 2 pm in our school
stadium. The game is so important that everyone is required to show up on
time. Further, it is necessary for you to take a good rest, which will make you
refreshed and energetic. I hope you can go all out for it and I firmly believe
hard work will pay off!
Looking forward to our victory!
Yours truly,
Li Hua
高考题型突破
如何做细节理解题
真题在线 阅读理解
(2023·浙江1月)Explorers Camp
●Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
●Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9 am-4 pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
●Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
●Fees : $365 per week.
●The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund（退款） is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers
have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme （9 am to 12
noon） and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging
with an afternoon theme（1 pm to 4 pm）. Snack periods are held throughout
the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks.
Camp Content
Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in
every class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning,
exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created with age-
appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn.
Camp Staff
Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the
age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields
and have undergone training and a background check.
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了探险家营地的相关信息。
21.On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration with a full
refund ( )
A
A.June 12. B.June 22. C.July 19. D.July 26.
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章开头部分中的"The last day to cancel registration
and receive a full refund （退款） is June 15 "可知，取消注册并获得全额退款的
最后一天是6月15日，再对比选项可知，你可以在6月12日取消注册并全额退款。
22.How are campers divided into different groups ( )
D
A.By gender. B.By nationality. C.By interest. D.By age.
【解析】细节理解题。根据Camp Structure部分中的"The day is divided into two
thematic sessions per age group"可知，露营者按年龄划分成不同的小组。
23.How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single
week ( )
C
A.15. B.21. C.30. D.42.
【解析】数字计算题。根据文章开头部分中的"Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9 am-4
pm"可知，每周安排5天的活动；又根据Camp Structure部分中的"Campers have a
three-hour morning class…an afternoon theme （1 pm to 4 pm）"可知，露营者上
午的课程是从上午9点到中午12点，下午的课程是从下午1点到下午4点，即全天有6
个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30个小时的课程。
词语摘抄
①register for为……注册（或登记）；报考……
register / red st （r）/ vt.& vi. 登记，注册n.［C］登记簿，登记表
②multiple / m lt pl/ adj.数量多的，多种多样的
③fee/fi:/ n.［C］费，费用；酬金
④structure / str kt （r）/ 熟词生义 n.［U，C］周密安排
⑤thematic /θ m t k/ adj.主题的，专题的
拓展 theme n.［C］主题，题目，主题思想
⑥session / se n/ n.［C］（某项活动的）一段时间，一场；一节；会议
⑦engage with认真关注
⑧snack /sn k/ n.［C］点心，小吃
⑨a range of一系列
range /re nd /n. ［C, usually sing.］一系列
⑩emphasize / emf sa z/ vt.强调，重视；使突出
be tailored to为……专门制作
tailor vt.专门制作，定做
staff /stɑ:f/ n.［C，U］员工
passionate / p n t/ adj.热情的
passion/ p n/n.［C, U］强烈的情感，激情；［C］强烈的爱好，热爱
undergo / nd ɡ / vt.经历，经受
难句突破
1.Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme
（9 am to 12 noon） （动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰a three-hour morning class）
and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an
afternoon theme（1 pm to 4 pm）（动词-ed短语作状语,其中engaging...（1 pm to 4
pm）为动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰another three-hour class.）
［译文］露营者上午有三个小时的特定主题课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一小时的
午餐休息时间，然后下午是
另外三个小时的特定主题课程（下午1点到下午4点）。
2.Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7（动词-ing短语作后置
定语，修饰a staff-to-child ratio）
depending on the age group（动词-ing短语作状语.）
［译文］员工与孩子的比例根据年龄组别而定，从1∶4至1∶7不等。
通方法 技巧点拨
如何做细节理解题
细节理解题，是指原文提到了某事物、某现象或某理论，题干针对原文的具体
内容进行提问（如who、when、where、which、why、what、how many和how much
等）。该题型已由过去简单地从文中找到相应细节直接得出答案转向通过对语句进
行同义或反义转换间接得出答案来考查考生对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度呈上
升趋势。
一、题型特点
题型 特点
直接信息题 在原文中可直接找到答案，不需要对信息进行分析、概括或推理判
断。
综合细节题 1.在原文中找不到与正确选项相同的词语或句子；
2.常利用同义词、近义词或反义词替换的方式来增加题干或选项的干
扰性；
3.命题方式较为概括，需要归纳信息后才能得出答案。
数字计算题 主要考查对具体细节信息的定位和识别，涉及简单的计算。
二、解题技巧
1.直接信息题
做此类题时，可以采取以下步骤，快速解题：
Step 1：阅读题干,找到关键词或关键信息,明确答题方向；
Step 2：运用略读及查阅技巧在文中迅速找到相关信息词或信息句；
Step 3：比较选项和原文信息,锁定正确答案。
如上面的第21题，根据题干中的关键信息cancel your registration with a full
refund，可以定位到语篇开头部分中的"The last day to cancel registration and
receive a full refund（退款） is June 15"，由此即可得到正确答案。
2.综合细节题
做这类题时，需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，
这是介于直接信息题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，有一定难度。
3.数字计算题
此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，但要经过具体的计算才能得出正
确答案的题。解题方法如下：
Step 1：明确题干中的条件,弄清题干问的是什么；
Step 2：快速定位到文章中的相关内容,找到相对应的数据；
Step 3：进一步分析这些数据,弄清其中的逻辑关系,结合题干确定所需数据与计算方法,得出正确答案。
如上面的第23题。题干询问如果注册一周，总共有多少课时。根据原文开头部
分中的"Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9 am-4 pm"可知，每周安排5天的活动；又根据
Camp Structure部分中的"Campers have a three-hour morning class…an afternoon
theme （1 pm to 4 pm）"可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此即可得到正
确答案。
细节理解题在高考阅读理解题中所占比例较大，是易得分的题型。这一题型主
要考查考生对文章细节信息的捕捉、理解和分析能力，体现了"语言能力"这一学科
核心素养。
提能力 迁移训练
阅读理解
Here comes 4 most popular clubs in our school! Join us, and we will help
you to find your own shining points and make your campus life enjoyable.
Yoga Club
Yoga not only improves flexibility（柔韧性）, but also helps people relax.
Students will have the chance to exercise while reducing some stress from life. The
club will be open to 10-16 members from Grade 7 to Grade 12, and will meet
once weekly （on Tuesday）.
Basketball Club
Students will be able to develop their basketball skills and have the
opportunity to compete in basketball games with members from other international
schools. The club will be open to 10-16 members from Grade 5 to Grade 8, and
will practice twice weekly.
Public Speaking Club
The Public Speaking Club will be centered around the personal development of
students along with developing public speaking skills. The club will focus on all
skills in giving better speeches and improving communication skills. The club will
be open to 10-12 members from Grade 7 to Grade 12, and will meet once weekly
（on Wednesday）.
Media Club
The Media Club teaches students the basics of journalism. The club has a
wide range of activities like interviewing teachers and students, writing about big
events on campus, and operating the weekly school radio broadcasts. The club will
be open to 8-12 members from Grade 6 to Grade 12 and will meet once weekly
（on Monday）.
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了学校最受欢迎的四个俱乐部的相关信息。
1.Which of the following students can join the Yoga Club ( )
C
A.Fifth grade students. B.Sixth grade students.
C.Eighth grade students. D.Third grade students.
【解析】综合细节题。根据Yoga Club部分中的"The club will be open to 10-16
members from Grade 7 to Grade 12"可知，该俱乐部将对7至12年级的学生开放。结
合选项可知，只有C项在这个范围内。
2.How often do the members of the Basketball Club practice ( )
B
A.Once a week. B.Twice a week.
C.Three times a week. D.Four times a week.
【解析】直接信息题。根据Basketball Club部分中的"The club will be open to 10-
16 members from Grade 5 to Grade 8, and will practice twice weekly"可知，篮球
俱乐部的成员一周练习两次，故选B。
3.What will club members do at the Media Club ( )
D
A.Set up a school radio. B.Write their own stories.
C.Learn public speaking skills. D.Interview teachers and students.
【解析】直接信息题。根据Media Club部分中的"The club has a wide range of
activities like interviewing teachers and students, writing about big events on
campus, and operating the weekly school radio broadcasts"并结合选项可知，只有D
项"Interview teachers and students"是俱乐部成员在该俱乐部可以做的事。
如何做推理判断题
真题在线 阅读理解
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods
around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for
example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where
tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process
could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries（n.［C］水产养殖业） in
college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain
plants trap harmful bacteria（细菌） Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured ,
maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he
would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some
sludge（污泥）. First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass（n.［U］玻璃纤维）
tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams
and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and
waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and
formed their own ecosystem . After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took
the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested ,
and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a
greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage（污水） from 1,600 homes in South
Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a
city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does."Life on Earth is
kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，" he says.
"You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then
you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了John Todd从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的自净
能力所折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，John通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，
发明出了生态设计，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。
24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs ( )
C
A.He was fond of traveling. B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的"observing how nature solved problems"和
"When he got older, John started to wonder...making"，第二段中的"John went back
to observing nature and asking questions"以及第二段中的几个问题可以看出，John
是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项正确。
25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks ( )
D
A.To feed the animals. B.To build an ecosystem.
C.To protect the plants. D.To test the eco-machine.
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词"sludge"以及"tanks"可先定位至文章第三
段。由"The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some
sludge（污泥）"可知，John建造生态机器的目的是清理污泥中的有害物质。第四段
描述了实验结果，其中也有关键信息点。"all that was left was pure water"表明了
将污泥放入水箱之后的变化效果，据此可以推断，John在水箱里放入污泥主要是为
了检验他的生态机器的效果，故D项正确。
26.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou ( )
B
A.To review John's research plans.
B.To show an application of John's idea.
C.To compare John's different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John's invention.
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词"Fuzhou"可定位至文章第五段。根据第
五段的内容可知，John在南伯灵顿和福州的工程中应用了他的生态理念。因此可推
知作者第五段中提到John设计生态机器来清理福州运河的水是在举例，以说明John
的理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。
27.What is the basis for John's work ( )
A
A.Nature can repair itself. B.Organisms need water to survive.
C.Life on Earth is diverse. D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【解析】推理判断题。本文主要围绕John的疑问"A dirty stream...if this process
could be used to clean up the messes people were making"展开，正是在这个疑问
的指引下，John发明了生态设计，因此，John这项发明的基础就在于自然的自我修
复能力。并且最后一段中的"Then you...ways to self-repair"也印证了John的发明基础
就在于"大自然能自我修复"这一理念，故A项正确。A项中的"repair itself"与最后一
段中的"self-repair"为同义转述。
词语摘抄
①cancer-causing chemical 致癌化学物
chemical / kem k（ ）l/ n.［C］化学品，化合物 adj.化学的
②a/the combination of... ……的结合
词链 combine（vt.& vi.结合，联合）—combination（n.［U,C］结合，联合）
③figure / f ? （r）/ vt. 认为，认定（某事将发生或属实） n.［C］人物； ［C，
usually pl.］数字
搭配 figure （that）... 认为/认定……
figure out 弄清楚；计算
④substance / s bst ns/ n.［C］物质，物品，东西
⑤go around/round （to...） 到处走动；去往附近某处
⑥ecosystem / i:k s st m/ n.［C］生态系统
构词法 前缀eco-常置于名词、形容词和副词之前，如ecotourism（n.生态旅游），
eco-friendly（adj.环保的）等。
⑦digest /da d est/ vt.& vi.消化
派生词 digestion n.［U］ 消化
⑧take on 决定做，同意负责，承担（责任）
⑨facility /f s l ti/ n.［C］设施，设备;特别装置
⑩canal /k n l/ n.［C］运河
organism / :? n z m/ n.［C］生物，微生物
inquiring / n kwa r / adj.好奇的，爱探索的；探究的
long to do sth.渴望做某事
erase/ re z/ doubts消除疑虑
语篇梳理
难句突破
［译文］当John长大后，他开始想要知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏
乱环境。
通方法 技巧点拨
如何做推理判断题
推理判断题是历年高考阅读理解的必考高频考点，也是阅读理解中的难点。此
类题目要求考生根据文章中的信息（某个或某些句子、段落或全文的信息）进行适
当合理的逻辑推断，从而推断出作者没有直接说明的内容。
一、设问角度
1.What can be inferred from the passage
2.What can we learn from the passage
3.What does the passage imply
4.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage
5.What does the author indicate/want to say/want to show by...
6.What is the author's purpose in mentioning...
二、选项特征
最佳选项 干扰选项
1."同义转述"：有时最佳选项会通过同义词、反 义词、近义词或派生词等多种形式和原文在意义 上进行呼应。 2."整合概括"：一些推理判断题侧重考查考生的 深层理解能力，最佳选项是对文中碎片信息的整 合与概括。 1."无中生有"：与常识相吻合，
但并不是从短文内容推知的，不
是基于文章得来的。
2."偷换概念"：看似从原文推断
出来的结论，实际上却与原文不
符。
最佳选项 干扰选项
3.选项中一般不含有表示绝对概念的词语，如 absolutely、all、never、only等。最佳选项的表述 一般有些模糊，会用一些表达不太绝对的词汇， 如can、could、may、might、often、possibly、 probably、some、sometimes、usually等。 3."不当推理"：推理过头，引申
过度。偏离文章主题，属主观臆
断的结论。
4."混淆逻辑"：是短文内容的简
单重述，而非推断出来的结论，
把直接表达当作间接推理。
续表
三、解题技巧
做此类题时，一定要忠于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。千万不能主
观臆断、凭空想象，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。考生可用"三步推断法"
进行解题：
第一步：依据题干精准定位
根据题干中的关键词精确定位原文信息句/段。如上面的第25题以及第26题。
第二步：依据原文合理推断
1.首先正确理解关键词所在处信息的意思，这是推理的前提和基础；
2.其次对文字的表面信息进行分析、综合判断等，并利用"寻读法"归纳文中其他
相关信息，进行深层次的处理和合乎逻辑的推理；
3.最后结合自己已掌握的相关背景知识或常识来进行分析、推敲，从而得出符
合文章原意的结论。如上面的第25题，在定位至文章第三段后，还需要对第四段中
的相关细节进行梳理、思考，才能得出结论；上面的第26题，锁定第五段内容并分
析后可知，第五段表面信息是在介绍John在南伯灵顿和福州的工程中做的事情，但
其实是为了说明John的理念在实践中的应用；上面的第27题，要带着第一段中John
的疑问，看到最后一段中的"these new systems develop their own ways to self-
repair"才能得到印证。
第三步：对比选项锁定答案
认真比对，排除具有"无中生有""偷换概念""不当推理""混淆逻辑"特征的干扰项，
选择与合理推断一致的表述。
推理判断题主要考查考生根据材料寻找细节信息，并对其进行分析、梳理、同
义转换、概括，进而提取出关键信息，最终找出选项语句与所给材料信息内在的一
致性的思维能力，这体现了核心素养中对学生思维品质的要求。
提能力 迁移训练
阅读理解
(2024·江苏宿迁质检)In June 2023, Curtis Whitson, Krystal Ramirez, and their
son Hunter decided to go on a four-day hiking and camping trip along central
California's Arroyo Seco River. Things went well for the first two days. On June
16, Whitson led the trip to a waterfall.
Whitson planned for the group to rappel（绕绳下降） down the side of the
waterfall along the river. However, when the hikers reached the top of the waterfall,
Whitson realized that unlike his trip through the area before, the water currents
（水流） were too strong. To make matters worse, their rope was missing.
Since going back the way they had come was dangerous as well, they tried to
find other routes to get around the waterfall but kept hitting dead ends. There was
no other way out.
The three tried shouting from behind the huge rocks each time they heard
voices and even threw a stick. When neither worked, Whitson decided to carve（刻）
a "GET HELP" message on the side of his water bottle and threw it across the
waterfall in the hope that someone would find it. Fearing the carved message was
easy to miss, he also put a dated note inside the bottle. Then Whitson and his
family went back up the river to a small beach to camp out for the night. Before
settling down, they spread out their blue carpet in an open place and spelled out
"SOS" using white rocks. To make sure it could be seen at night, they used a
headlight to lighten the sign. Sometime after midnight, the three were awakened by
a welcome sound—a helicopter flying overhead. Soon after, someone shouted over
the loudspeaker, "This is Search and Rescue. You have been found."
Shortly after being picked up, Whitson was told that two hikers had discovered
their water bottle and, upon seeing the message for help, reported it to the officials.
Whitson said, "They didn't leave their names or phone numbers. They just did what
was right in their heart, and took it seriously. They couldn't have done it faster or
more selflessly, and I can't thank them enough."
本文讲述了Whitson一家人徒步旅行时被困于瀑布顶部，他们采取了一切能想到的措
施求救，最终他们顺瀑布扔下的刻有求救信息的水瓶帮助他们获得了援救。
1.What do we know about the three hikers ( )
C
A.They got lost on their way back.
B.They went to the wrong destination.
C.They were trapped on the top of a waterfall.
D.They were stuck on the top of a mountain.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的"reached the top of the waterfall"及第三段中
的"they tried to find other routes to get around the waterfall but kept hitting dead
ends"可知，他们三人被困在瀑布顶部。
2.What's the main reason for the three being rescued ( )
D
A.Their headlight was seen by someone.
B.Their "SOS" on the beach was noticed.
C.Their text message to the rescue team was read.
D.Their bottle with the message asking for help was found.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，Whitson在水瓶上刻有"寻求帮助"的
字样，还在瓶子里放了一张写有日期的纸条，然后扔下瀑布，希望有人能找到它。
再根据最后一段中的"Whitson was told that two hikers...reported it to the officials"
可知，两名徒步旅行者发现了他们的水瓶并向官员报告了此事。由此可知，他们被
救的主要原因是有人发现了他们的求助水瓶。
3.What can we learn from Whitson's words in the last paragraph ( )
B
A.He found it very lucky to survive.
B.He thought highly of the two hikers.
C.He expressed his thanks to the officials.
D.He wished to learn from the two hikers.
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Whitson所说的话"They didn' leave their
names ...can't thank them enough"可知，他高度赞扬了这两名徒步旅行者。B项中的
"thought highly of"为"can't thank them enough"的同义转述。
4.Where is the text most likely from ( )
B
A.A travel diary. B.A news story.
C.A popular magazine. D.A travel guide.
【解析】通读全文并结合选项内容可知，文章以第三人称的视角展开描述，首句"In
June 2023, Curtis Whitson...California's Arroyo Seco River"介绍了事件的时间、地
点以及人物,下文按照时间发展顺序详细叙述事实，符合新闻报道的语篇特征和文体
结构，故选B项。
微专题 新题型专练
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的
短文。
(山东师大附中开学考)Jane and Catherine were close friends in their high
school，Deerfield Academy, Massachusetts. The two of them almost went
everywhere together. However, it seemed that things changed for no reason.
That was a Tuesday, Jane was waiting in the corridor outside her class. She
had two exams that day and physics was the first. She really hated physics. Her
friend Catherine looked at her from the front of the line, and then looked away
quickly. Jane thought she looked guilty（内疚的）. She didn't have a problem with
physics. She didn't have a problem with anything…Miss Perfect!
"Hi, Jane, it's your favorite exam today," said Maya, laughing as she joined
the line. Catherine was looking at Jane again. "So what's wrong with her " asked
Maya. "I thought you were friends." "Yes, so did I," said Jane， "but she hasn't
spoken to me for two weeks. She promised to help me review for the physics
exam too, but then she ignored（忽视） all my calls and texts. She seemed to
have forgotten who her friends are!" "Are you listening to me " Mr Richard was
talking to the class and the other students were going into the exam room. Jane
gave Maya a worried look and followed them.
Jane couldn't answer question number five. She looked up and saw Catherine
sitting two rows in front of her. Jane couldn't believe it! Catherine was holding her
phone on her knee under the table and reading on it. Is that how Catherine always
got such good grades She felt really angry at Catherine, but she didn't know what
to do. She thought about telling the teacher, but what would everyone else think of
her "Stop writing and put your pens down," said Mr Richard as he started to
collect the exam papers.
Jane wanted to talk to Catherine at lunchtime, but she couldn't find her
anywhere. The next exam was history. That was Jane's favorite subject but she
wasn't feeling good. She didn't know what to do about Catherine. "It wasn't fair!"
she thought. "Catherine was getting good grades by cheating all the time." Just then,
Mr Richard walked past her table. "Mr Richard…"
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Jane was sitting two rows behind Catherine again in the history exam that
afternoon.
Jane was walking towards the school gate when she heard footsteps behind
her.
故 事 梗 概 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jane和Catherine一直以来都是亲密的好友，但
是这份友谊不知何故似乎发生了变化，自两周前Catherine就没有回复过Jane的
电话和短信了。有一天，Jane在考试的时候无意间发现Catherine使用了手机，
她认为Catherine的好成绩都是靠作弊取得的，于是就将此事告知了老师……
情节线 情感线
结 构 Para.1: The background of the story Jane and Catherine had been good friends, but their friendship seemed to change. Catherine broke her
promise and ignored
Jane. （puzzled,
angry）
Paras. 2-3: The exam day and the broken friendship Jane was worried about the physics exam but Catherine escaped eye contact with her. →Jane found Catherine
holding her phone
during the exam.
（shocked,
disappointed）
续表
结 构 Paras. 2-3: The exam day and the broken friendship Catherine kept Jane at a distance. She failed to keep her promise to help Jane review physics. →Jane wanted to talk
to Catherine, but she
didn't have the chance
and still didn't know
what to do.
（unfair, hesitant）
续表
结 构 Para.4: Jane thought Catherine cheated. Jane found Catherine using phone during the exam! Jane sat behind
Catherine again
（sad？nervous
or…）
She heard footsteps
behind her
（afraid？anxious,
or…）
Para.5: Jane decided to tell their teacher about the cheat. Jane didn't get the chance to talk to Catherine at lunchtime. Feeling unfair, she told the teacher. 续表
续 写 方 向 Para. 1 Jane was sitting two rows behind Catherine again in the history exam that afternoon. （段首句） Jane sat behind
Catherine again
（sad？nervous
or…）
She heard footsteps
behind her
（afraid？anxious,
or…）
→预测情节，问题引领： ①Would Catherine check her phone again？ ②What would Jane do ③What would Mr Richard do？ ④What might happen to Catherine？ 续表
续 写 方 向 Para. 2 Jane was walking towards the school gate when she heard footsteps behind her. （段首句） Jane sat behind
Catherine again
（sad？nervous
or…）
She heard footsteps
behind her
（afraid？anxious,
or…）
→预测情节，问题引领： ①Who followed Jane？Was that Catherine ②What happened to Catherine？Why did she use the phone ③Would Jane and Catherine become friends again 续表
佳作展示
Jane was sitting two rows behind Catherine again in the history exam that
afternoon. Jane was feeling terrible. Mr Richard wanted her to nod at him if
she saw Catherine cheating in the exam. When she saw Catherine had her
phone under the table, Jane looked up and nodded at Mr Richard. Catherine
was too busy looking at her phone to notice Mr Richard coming near. Mr
Richard picked up her exam paper and told Catherine to leave the classroom.
Jane was walking towards the school gate when she heard footsteps behind
her. It was Catherine."Jane, please wait," said Catherine. "I'm really sorry I
didn't answer your calls. My dad has been in hospital for two weeks. He had
a big heart operation today. I was reading texts from my mum to see how the
operation was going. But Mr Richard caught me. He thought I was cheating.
He believes me now. I'm sorry I didn't tell you what was happening but I
haven't forgotten that we're friends. Will you forgive me " "Of course! Let's
go to the hospital to see your father," Jane couldn't wait to reply.
谢谢
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