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WELCOME UNIT
单元专项提升
英语版必修第一册人教版
单元语法归纳
巧梳理·知识框图
挖教材·语法示例
分析下列教材中句子的结构
1.All of us laughed!___________
2.I couldn't concentrate on the experiment.________________
3.The class was difficult… ____________________
4.… everyone laughed so much!________________
5.… we had our chemistry class in the science lab._____________________
6.He even told us a funny story. _____________________________
7.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful._______________
____________
8.… there's a lot to explore at senior high.________
主语+谓语
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+连系动词+表语
主语+谓语+状语
主语+谓语+宾语+状语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语
存现句
细归纳 语法精讲
句子成分和基本句子结构
知识点1 句子成分
句子是表达思想的基本单位,主要句子成分(sentence elements)有主语(S)、
谓语(V)、宾语(O)、补语(C)、状语(A)、表语(P)、定语(Attr.)等。
具体如下:
1.主语(subject):指句子所谈论的主体。如:
The students are listening to me carefully.They want to learn English well.Learning
English well isn't as hard as they think.学生们在认真听我讲课。他们想学好英语,
学好英语不像他们想的那么难。
2.谓语(verb):又称为"谓词",通常说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态。如:
He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
The students are playing basketball on the playground.学生们正在操场上打篮球。
The film is interesting.这部电影很有趣。
3.宾语(object):通常指动作的对象。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语,通常把其中
表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object),把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语
(direct object)。如:
Bill is going to buy a dictionary(动词的宾语).比尔打算买本词典。
We should learn from him(介词的宾语).我们应向他学习。
Lend me(间接宾语) your book(直接宾语), please.请把你的书借给我。
4.表语(predicative):指连系动词后面的成分,通常说明主语的身份、特征和状态。
常见的连系动词有be、become、feel、get、look、seem等。如:
Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。
I feel much better.我感觉好多了。
They seem to know the truth.他们似乎知道真相。
5.定语(attribute):修饰名词或代词。如:
Dalian is a beautiful city.大连是一个美丽的城市。
My sister works in a trade company.我姐姐在一家贸易公司上班。
Is there any difference between spoken English and written English 英语口语和书
面语之间有什么不同吗?
The man. .who is talking with a foreigner is my English teacher.正在和一个外国人
说话的那个男士是我的英语老师。
6.状语(adverbial):用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如:
Kate plans her study carefully.凯特认真地计划她的学习。
Clearly, this will cost a lot more than we realized before.显而易见,这将比我们以
前了解到的花费要多得多。
I'll be back in a while(时间状语).我一会儿就会回来。
I'm very pleased to see you(原因状语).见到你我非常高兴。
Please call me up if you need help(条件状语).你如果需要帮助,请给我打电话。
7.补语(complement):分为主语补语(subject complement)和宾语补语
(object complement),用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。如:
He is made chairman of the club(主语补语).他被任命为俱乐部的主席。
Listening to music makes me relaxed(宾语补语).听音乐使我放松。
链高考 真题精练
判断下列句子中的画线部分在句中作什么成分
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Ilove your stories. ______;______;______;______
2.(2023·全国乙卷)Young people are also getting more interested in cooking. ______
3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There, you'll find them prepared differently. ______;
__________;______
4.(北京高考)Shehanded meadvice. "Be yourself." ______;______;__________;_______
___
主语
谓语
定语
宾语
表语
宾语
宾语补语
状语
主语
谓语
间接宾语
直接宾语
知识点2 基本句子结构
英语句子的基本结构可归纳为八种基本句式,句子可以在此基础上扩大、组合、
省略和倒装。掌握这八个基本句式是掌握英语句子结构的基础。
句子结构 例句
主语+谓语(S+V) The rain stopped.雨停了。
主语 谓语
主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) He enjoys reading. 他喜欢读书。
主语 谓语 宾语
句子结构 例句
主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
主语 连系动词 表语
这是一本英汉词典。
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+IO+DO) My mother bought me. . a dictionary.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
我妈妈给我买了一本词典。
续表
句子结构 例句
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语 (S+V+O+C) They painted the door green.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补语
他们把门刷成了绿色。
They found the house empty.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补语
他们发现房子是空的。
He asked me to come back soon.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补语
他让我快点回来。
I heard him singing a song.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补语
我听到他在唱歌。
续表
句子结构 例句
主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A) The sun rises in the east.
主语 谓语 状语
太阳从东方升起。
主语+谓语+宾语+状语 (S+V+O+A) . .He put thecoffee on thetable.
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
他把咖啡放在了桌子上。
存现句 There are many customers in the shop.
商店里有很多顾客。
续表
练一练 典例导悟
分析下列句子的基本结构
1.The bread tastes delicious.____________________
2.I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside._____________________
3.My friend bought me a birthday present._____________________________
4.I could not make him change his mind._________________________
5.We finished our homework.________________
6.He got up very late.________________
7.There is some milk in the bottle.________
8.The baby cried.___________
主语+连系动词+表语
主语+谓语+宾语+状语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+状语
存现句
主语+谓语
语法练 专项提升
Ⅰ 标出下列句子的句子成分
1.The play was very interesting.
【答案】The play was very interesting.
主语 系动词 状语 表语
2.I can't hear a word.
【答案】I can't hear a word.
主语 谓语 宾语
3.They were talking loudly.
【答案】They were talking ..loudly.
主语 谓语 状语
4.Every year Mount Tai attracts tourists from all over the world.
【答案】Every year Mount Tai attracts tourists from all over the world .
状语 主语 谓语 宾语 定语
5.Tina makes her mother angry.
【答案】Tina makes ..her mother angry.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补语
Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.我喜欢爬山。(主+谓+宾)
________________________
I like climbing/to climb.
2.妈妈鼓励我尝试不同种类的食物。(主+谓+宾+宾语补语)
_________________________________________________
Mom encourages me to try different kinds of food.
3.那个女孩开心地笑了。(主+谓+状)
________________________
That girl smiled happily.
4.你的建议听起来很棒。(主+系+表)
________________________________
Your suggestion sounds excellent.
5.昨天我看了一本书。(主+谓+宾+状)
________________________
I read a book yesterday.
6.教授给我们做了一个讲座。(主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语)
_______________________________
The professor gave us a lecture.
7.冰箱里有5个苹果和一块蛋糕。(存现句)
_____________________________________________________
There are five apples and a piece of cake in the fridge.
写作方法指导
如何写自我介绍
自我介绍是向别人
展示自己的一个途径,
一般要求能用简明的语
言把自己的情况按照逻
辑顺序一一讲明,给他
人呈现出一个真实的自
己,不需要过多华丽的
辞藻。篇章结构如下:
常用表达
1.个人基本信息
My name is…/I'm…, a student from...High School.
I am a 16-year-old girl/I am a girl of 16.
I am studying in (the) first grade at... High School.
I have lived in… for…/I grew up in…
I was born in…/I live in…
2.介绍性格特征的常用词汇
kind-hearted (好心的)、warm-hearted(热心的)、outgoing (外向的)、easy-
going (随和的)、diligent (勤奋的)、humorous (幽默的)、generous
(大方的)、confident (自信的)、active (活跃的)、have a good sense of
humour (很有幽默感)
3.爱好与特长
I like/love/enjoy/…(sports/movies/…)
I am interested in…/My hobby is…/I take a strong interest in...
I am good at…/I do well in…/I have a passion for…/I am crazy about…
My favorite sport/color/food/drink/place/singer/band/… is…
In my free time/When I'm free, I like…
I don't like/dislike/hate…
示例:My favorite subjects are English and physics, which are very interesting.
What I like most is playing football and climbing with my classmates.
4.愿望与计划
My dream is…/I plan to…/I expect to...
I'd like to be a(n)…in the future.
I hope my dream will come true one day.
示例:My dream is to be a painter, because I like drawing very much.
I'd like to be an English teacher in the future, so I must learn English well.
I want to be a doctor when I grow up. I hope my dream can come true one day.
写作模板
My name is __________. I come from a beautiful city named __________. I
like making friends, doing exercise and reading. I am open-minded, quick in
thought and very fond of history. In my spare time, I like __________, especially
__________. Besides, I have a good knowledge of __________. I am able to
__________ well. I am skillful at __________. I am a football fan for years. The
Italian team is my favorite. I am proud to study with everyone in my class for the
coming years. My greatest dream is __________. To make my dream come true, I
must __________.
巧运用 典例详析
书面表达
假设你是李华,是一名来自中国的高中交换生,刚到美国读书。请根据自己的
情况写一篇英文自我介绍,向同学们介绍你自己。
注意: 1.词数80左右;
2.内容完整、行文连贯、条理清晰。
A 教你审题
本文要求写一篇自我介绍,可以先介绍自己的基本信息,再重点介绍性格、爱
好等,最后表达未来愿望。文章应以第一人称为主,时态主要使用一般现在时。
B 教你选词
1.与……一样_________________
2.在业余时间___________________
3.梦想做某事____________________
4.与……交朋友____________________
5.尽力做某事___________________________
in common with
in one's spare time
dream of doing sth.
make friends with...
do/try one's best to do sth.
C 教你造句
1.我是李华,是一名高中交换生。
I am Li Hua,____________________________________.
a senior high school exchange student
2.在我的业余时间,我还收集了很多邮票。
【答案】In my spare time, I have also collected a lot of stamps.
3.这些邮票现在非常珍贵,因为我们现在很少寄信。
These stamps are very precious now ________________________________________.
because we seldom post a letter nowadays
D 教你升级
用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并句2和句3。
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
In my spare time, I have also collected a lot of stamps, which are very precious now because we seldom post a letter nowadays.
E 教你成篇
I am Li Hua,a senior high school exchange student【1】. In common with
many teenagers,I have various hobbies,such as reading,drawing and swimming. In
my spare time,I have also collected a lot of stamps, which are very precious now
because we seldom post a letter nowadays. I dream of being an engineer in the
future.
As an outgoing boy,I'm more than glad to make friends with you. If you
need help【2】,I'll do my best to help you.
[名师点评] 本文衔接自然,语句通顺,要点齐全,拓展适度。
【1】Li Hua的同位语。
【2】If引导的条件状语从句,从句常用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。
[总结]范文中使用的本单元新学表达:
词汇_____________________________________
exchange、senior high school、outgoing
提能力 迁移训练
书面表达
假设你是高一新生李华,你的英语老师在第一堂课上要求学生做英文自我介绍。
请你写一篇发言稿。内容如下:
1.个人基本信息;
2.性格及学习方式;
3.爱好和理想。
注意:词数80左右。
I am Li Hua,a sixteen-year-old boy. My friends think that I am outgoing
and they like to hang out with me in their spare time. Playing basketball and
swimming are my hobbies. At school,I always study hard and like discussing
problems with my classmates. My favorite subject is physics because I find
physical experiments very interesting and some problems in physics develop my
thinking. I wish to become a scientist in the future.
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