Unit 2 单元专项提升 2024-2025学年高中英语版必修第一册人教版 课件
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| 名称 | Unit 2 单元专项提升 2024-2025学年高中英语版必修第一册人教版 课件 |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.9MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-10-20 17:40:18 | ||
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UNIT 2 TRAVELLING AROUND
单元专项提升
英语版必修第一册人教版
单元语法归纳
巧梳理·知识框图
挖教材·语法示例
判断下列教材中的句子中画线部分表达的时态含义
1.Circle the two places Meilin is going to for holiday.
【答案】现在进行时表示将来
2.Yes, I'm planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou.
【答案】现在进行时表示将来
3.To travel is to discover that everyone is wrong about other countries.
【答案】be to do表示将来
4.From there, you'll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the
middle of the forest.
【答案】will do表示将来
细归纳 语法精讲
将来时的表达法
知识点1 现在进行时表示将来
1.位移动词的进行时表示将来
含义 时间状语 例词
位移动 词的进 行时 表示按计划或安排将要进行的 动作，有"意图、安排、打算" 的含义 常有表将 来的时间 状语 arrive、come、go、leave、
return、start、take off、fly、
visit等
My friends are coming. .here this afternoon. 我的朋友今天下午要来这儿。
Jane is leaving tomorrow and you had better see her off. 简明天要离开了，你最
好去送送她。
The plane is taking off at 10 a.m.飞机将于上午10点起飞。
2.非位移动词的进行时表示将来
某些非位移动词（如do、meet、have、play、spend、work等）也可用现在进行
时表示将来，此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语。
What are you doing next Sunday 下周日你打算干什么？
The young man is meeting his girlfriend this afternoon.这个年轻男子今天下午要去
见他的女朋友。
We are spending next winter in Sanya.我们明年冬天要在三亚过。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(江苏高考)Have you heard this A group of exchange students from the
UK____________（visit） our school next month.
are visiting
【解析】空处所在句表示一群来自英国的交换生下个月要来我们学校。结合语境及
next month可知，空处应用一般将来时，又因为students为复数，故填are visiting表
示即将发生的动作。
2.（全国Ⅲ卷）Now I ____________（leave）home for college. At last, I will be
on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.
am leaving
【解析】此处表示我马上就要离开家去上大学了，leave是表示位移的动词，应用现
在进行时表将来。
知识点2 将来时的其他表达法
1.will/shall do
表示将要发生的动作或将来存在的状态，是对未来事情发生的一种"预见"。will
可用于各种人称，而shall多用于第一人称。
Tomorrow's weather will be cold and cloudy.明天的天气冷且多云。
We will/shall know more and more as time goes by.随着时间的推移，我们知道的
东西会越来越多。
（1）will可表示根据当时的情况临时做的打算。
—Mr Wang is ill in hospital.王先生生病住院了。
—Oh, I'll go and see him. 哦，我要去看看他。
（2）if引导的条件状语从句中使用will时，不表示将来，而表示意愿。
We would be grateful if you will send us a brochure about your goods. 如果你愿
意给我们寄送贵方产品的资料手册，我们将不胜感激。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(2023· 天津3月)—Mike ______________（announce） his retirement for
professional soccer next week.
—You can't be serious! He's only 25 and still be very fit.
will announce
【解析】句意：——迈克将在下周宣布退役，不再从事职业足球运动。——你在开
玩笑吧！他才25岁，而且身体依然非常健康。根据空处所在句中的"next week"可知，
此处表示的是将来要发生的动作，故用一般将来时。
2.(北京高考)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts
_________________（reward） with success in the end.
will be rewarded
【解析】句意：学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的回报。
由空前的"The students have been working hard"和空后的"in the end"可知,空处描述
的是将来要发生的动作，应用一般将来时；their efforts与reward之间为动宾关系，
因此应用被动语态。
2.be going to do
（人作主语）打算/计划将来要做的事
（物作主语）有迹象表明要发生某事
—What are you going to do（计划要做的事） tonight？你今晚打算做什么？
—I'm going to watch the football game on TV. 我打算在电视上看足球赛。
Look at the dark clouds! It's going to rain（有迹象表明要发生的事.）瞧那些乌云！
要下雨了。
be going to和will的区别：be going to表示说话人经过事先考虑的想法或有迹象表明
某事将要发生；will表示说话人临时决定做的事情或说话人主观认为某事会发生。
—Why are you taking down all the pictures？你为什么把所有的画都取下来了？
—I'm going to repair the room.我打算修房子。（已经考虑过了）
—This is a very heavy box. 这是一个很重的箱子。
—I'll help you carry it. 我来帮你搬。（临时作出的决定）
练一练 典例导悟
—I ________see the doctor at 10:00.I've made an appointment（预约）.
—You don't have to. You________ be all right soon if you take the
medicine.( )
A
A.am going to; will B.will; am going to
C.would; are going to D.am to; would
【解析】句意：——10点我要去看医生。我已经约好了。——你不必去。如果吃这
些药，你很快就好了。第一空表示的是计划好的要做的事，应用be going to；第二
空表示说话人主观认为会发生的事，用will。
3.be to do
（1）表示预先安排好的计划或约定（受别人的指令或安排将要做）；
（2）表示注定会发生的事情；
（3）表示命令、义务、禁止或可能性。
The meeting is to take place next Monday.会议定于下周一举行。（计划）
You're to be back by 9 o'clock. 你必须九点以前回来。（命令）
4.be about to do
表示正要做某事，指眼前的将来。常用于"be about to do…when…"句型，意为
"正要做……，这时（突然）……"。
The medical team is about to leave for Japan to rescue the people trapped there
because of the terrible disaster.医疗队即将出发前往日本，去救助因那场可怕的灾难
而困在那里的人。
I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我正要上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
be about to do通常不与具体的表示将来的时间状语连用。
节目将在10 分钟之后开演。
【误】The programme is about to begin in ten minutes.
【正】The programme is to begin. .in ten minutes.
5.一般现在时表示将来，有两种情况：
（1）常用于表示按计划、按规定或是按时刻表将要发生的动作，特别是表示位置移
动和开始结束意义的动词，如arrive、begin、come、go、leave、return、start等。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天早上六点开。
—When does the bus start 公共汽车什么时候开？
—It starts in ten minutes.十分钟后开。
（2）用于时间和条件状语从句中。
If we try hard，we'll finish the plan on time.只要努力，我们就能完成计划。
链高考 真题精练
1.(重庆高考)A Midsummer Night's Dream ___ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June,
and then tours throughout Scotland.
A
A.opens B.is opened C.will open D.will be opened
【解析】句意:《仲夏夜之梦》于6月19日在皇家剧院开始上演，然后在苏格兰巡回
演出。open表示"上演"，是不及物动词，而不及物动词没有被动语态，故可排除表
示被动的B项和D项。由后面的关键词tours的时态可知，空格处应使用一般现在时，
表示按照计划或时间表将进行的动作,故选A。
2.语法填空
(全国Ⅱ卷)They often get up early and water the vegetables together…When summer
_______（come）, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!
comes
【解析】在时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来，故应填comes。
语法练 专项提升
Ⅰ 用括号内词的适当形式填空
1.Ladies and gentlemen, we ____________（arrive） at Nanjing Station. Please get
ready to get off the train.
2.Jack as well as his parents __________（leave） for Shanghai soon.
are arriving
is leaving
3.—I want to know when Lucy __________ to my birthday party this Sunday.
—I don't know. But I think she will tell you when she _______. （come）
will come
comes
4.I _________________（contact） you in a few days to arrange a meeting for
further discussion.
5.(2023· 天津3月)The wooden tower that is being restored ________（be） open to
tourists soon, and the work is almost finished.
will/shall contact
will be
6.—I'll go and see you off at the airport this afternoon.
—Thanks,but the plane ______（take） off at 5:45, and you'll be still working.
takes
Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.看！ 我们的足球队就要赢了。 我们领先三个球。
Look! Our football team ________________. We are leading by three goals.
is going to win
2.下周五我们将乘飞机去广州旅游。
We _________________________________ next Friday.
are flying to Guangzhou to travel
3.他们就要走了，所以我们决定为他们举行一个告别晚会。
______________________________ so we have decided to hold a farewell party for
them.（leave）
They are leaving/about to leave
4.我有点紧张，因为几天后我就要期末考试了。
I feel a bit nervous because my final exam ___________________________.
（come up）
is coming up in a few days
Ⅲ 语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiaoming is very excited today, because his parents 1. .（be） back
from Beijing. They phoned Xiaoming yesterday afternoon and said, "We
2. .（leave） for the airport at four o'clock, because the plane takes off
at six. We 3. .（buy） some gifts for you and your grandpa yesterday. Are
you coming to the airport to meet us " Xiaoming said, "Yes."Just now Xiaoming
and his grandpa were going to meet his parents. They were about 4. .
（lock） the door when the phone rang. It was Xiaoming's parents."We
5. .（arrive） home in about ten minutes." What a great surprise!
will be
are leaving
bought
to lock
are arriving
写作方法指导
如何写旅游计划
制作旅游计划时，首先应考虑旅游的出发时间、游览时间、结束时间，根据时
间长短规划旅游景点、参观内容等， 并将需要做的事情列出来。
常用表达
1.With the summer vacation coming/approaching/around the corner, I decide to
travel to England.
2.Beijing is known for its various sights so it's a good place to travel.
3.I am going to have a tour around the town over my holiday.
4.We are arriving at 10:00 am and will start sightseeing right away.
5.I am leaving on Sunday and coming back next Saturday.
6.We are leaving by train the day before the holiday begins.
7.I will stay there for about five days and I plan to visit…and some other places
of interest.
8.I have booked a hotel, which is convenient for sightseeing.
巧运用 典例详析
书面表达
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Ben今年冬天想来北京旅游，请你帮他制订一个旅
游计划。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封信。内容如下：
1.活动安排；
2.你的建议。
注意：
1.词数80左右;
2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数;
3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Ben,
I'm glad that you are coming to Beijing this winter.______________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
A 教你审题
B 教你选词
1.适逢（日期） ________
2.除……之外（还）________
3.值得一游 ______________
4.为……做安排_______________________
5.提前___________
6.玩得开心_______________________________
fall on
besides
worth visiting
make arrangements for
in advance
have a good time或enjoy oneself
C 教你造句
1.我认为体验独特中国文化的最佳时间是春节。
I think the best time________________________________________________________.
to experience unique Chinese culture is the Spring Festival
2.2025年1月29日是春节。
The Spring Festival_________________________.
falls on January 29, 2025
3.你可以在1月29日至2月2日旅行。
_______________from January 29 to February 2.
You can travel
4.你也不能错过京剧。
_________________________________
You also can't miss Peking Opera.
5.京剧是中国文化的重要组成部分。
Peking Opera______________________________________.
is an important part of Chinese culture
D 教你升级
1.用which和so将1、2、3句合并成一句话。
【答案】I think the best time to experience unique Chinese culture is the
Spring Festival, which falls on January 29, 2025, so you can travel from
January 29 to February 2.
2.用非限制性定语从句合并句4和句5。
【答案】You also can't miss Peking Opera, which is an important part of
Chinese culture.
E 教你成篇
Dear Ben,
I'm glad that you are coming to Beijing this winter . I'd like to make a travel
plan for you.
I think the best time to experience unique Chinese culture is the Spring
Festival, which falls on January 29, 2025, so you can travel from January 29 to
February 2. You also can't miss Peking Opera, which is an important part of
Chinese culture. Besides, there are many sights in Beijing and you will find them
worth visiting【1】, such as the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace and the Great
Wall.
What's more, I advise you to make arrangements for your plane tickets and
accommodations inadvance. Hope you'll have a good time in Beijing.【2】
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
［名师点评］文章思路清晰，语言规范，语篇连贯，层次分明。文中高级句式和高
级词汇的应用提升了文章档次。
【1】"find+宾语+宾语补足语"结构。
【2】本句表达了作者的祝愿。
［总结］范文中使用的本单元新学表达：
词汇____________________________________________________
句式_____________________________
unique、sight、make arrangements for、accommodation
which引导的非限制性定语从句
提能力 迁移训练
书面表达
假设你是李明，你打算和几位朋友在国庆节期间去旅行。请根据所给信息，给
外籍朋友David发一封电子邮件介绍这次旅行计划，并邀请他一起旅行。旅游具体信
息：
1.地点：海南省三亚市；
2.时间：10 月1日—10月7 日；
3.主要活动：参观景点、爬山、游泳、潜水等。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear David,
How is everything going？______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Ming
【参考答案】
Dear David,
How is everything going My friends and I have decided to go on a trip
during China's National Day holiday to Sanya—a coastal city in Hainan
Province. I'm writing to tell you something about our travel plan and invite
you to join us.
We are leaving by airplane the day before the holiday begins. We will
start sightseeing on October 1st when we will visit some famous places of
interest. In the following days, we will climb the mountains, swim near the
beach and go diving. I'm sure we will have a lot of fun being together.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Ming
高考题型突破
真题在线 阅读理解
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods
around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for
example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where
tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process
could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries（n.［C］水产养殖业） in
college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain
plants trap harmful bacteria（细菌） Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured ,
maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he
would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some
sludge（污泥）. First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass（n.［U］玻璃纤维）
tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams
and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and
waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and
formed their own ecosystem . After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took
the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested ,
and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a
greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage（污水） from 1,600 homes in South
Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a
city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does."Life on Earth is
kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，" he says. "You put organisms in
new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems
develop their own ways to self-repair."
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了John Todd从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的
自净能力所折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，John通过实验找到了合适的生态
组合，发明出了生态设计，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。
24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs ( )
C
A.He was fond of traveling. B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的"observing how nature solved problems"和
"When he got older, John started to wonder...making"，第二段中的"John went back
to observing nature and asking questions"以及第二段中的几个问题可以看出，John
是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项正确。
25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks ( )
D
A.To feed the animals. B.To build an ecosystem.
C.To protect the plants. D.To test the eco-machine.
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词"sludge"以及"tanks"可先定位至文章第三
段。由"The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some
sludge（污泥）"可知，John建造生态机器的目的是清理污泥中的有害物质。第四段
描述了实验结果，其中也有关键信息点。"all that was left was pure water"表明了
将污泥放入水箱之后的变化效果，据此可以推断，John在水箱里放入污泥主要是为
了检验他的生态机器的效果，故D项正确。
26.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou ( )
B
A.To review John's research plans.
B.To show an application of John's idea.
C.To compare John's different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John's invention.
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词"Fuzhou"可定位至文章第五段。根据第
五段的内容可知，John在南伯灵顿和福州的工程中应用了他的生态理念。因此可推
知作者第五段中提到John设计生态机器来清理福州运河的水是在举例，以说明John
的理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。
27.What is the basis for John's work ( )
A
A.Nature can repair itself. B.Organisms need water to survive.
C.Life on Earth is diverse. D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【解析】推理判断题。本文主要围绕John的疑问"A dirty stream...if this process
could be used to clean up the messes people were making"展开，正是在这个疑问
的指引下，John发明了生态设计，因此，John这项发明的基础就在于自然的自我修
复能力。并且最后一段中的"Then you...ways to self-repair"也印证了John的发明基础
就在于"大自然能自我修复"这一理念，故A项正确。A项中的"repair itself"与最后一
段中的"self-repair"为同义转述。
词语摘抄
①cancer-causing chemical 致癌化学物
chemical / kem k（ ）l/ n.［C］化学品，化合物 adj.化学的
②a/the combination of... ……的结合
词链combine（vt.& vi.结合，联合）—combination（n.［U,C］结合，联合）
③figure / f ɡ (r)/ vt. 认为，认定（某事将发生或属实） n.［C］人物； ［C，
usually pl.］数字
figure （that）... 认为/认定……
搭配 figure out 弄清楚；计算
④substance / s bst ns/ n.［C］物质，物品，东西
⑤go around/round （to...） 到处走动；去往附近某处
⑥ecosystem / i:k s st m/ n.［C］生态系统
构词法 前缀eco-常置于名词、形容词和副词之前，如ecotourism（n.生态旅游），
eco-friendly（adj.环保的）等。
⑦digest /da d est/ vt.& vi.消化
派生词digestion n.［U］ 消化
⑧take on 决定做，同意负责，承担（责任）
⑨facility /f s l ti/ n.［C］设施，设备;特别装置
⑩canal /k n l/ n.［C］运河
organism / :ɡ n z m/ n.［C］生物，微生物
inquiring / n kwa r / adj.好奇的，爱探索的；探究的
long to do sth.渴望做某事
erase/ re z/ doubts消除疑虑
When he got older,
When引导的时间状语从句
［译文］当John长大后，他开始想要知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏
乱环境。
通方法 技巧点拨
如何做推理判断题
推理判断题是历年高考阅读理解的必考高频考点，也是阅读理解中的难点。此
类题目要求考生根据文章中的信息（某个或某些句子、段落或全文的信息）进行适
当合理的逻辑推断，从而推断出作者没有直接说明的内容。
一、设问角度
1.What can be inferred from the passage
2.What can we learn from the passage
3.What does the passage imply
4.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage
5.What does the author indicate/want to say/want to show by...
6.What is the author's purpose in mentioning...
二、选项特征
最佳选项 干扰选项
1."同义转述"：有时最佳选项会通过同义词、反 义词、近义词或派生词等多种形式和原文在意 义上进行呼应。 2."整合概括"：一些推理判断题侧重考查考生的 深层理解能力，最佳选项是对文中碎片信息的 整合与概括。 3.选项中一般不含有表示绝对概念的词语，如 absolutely、all、never、only等。最佳选项的表 述一般有些模糊，会用一些表达不 1."无中生有"：与常识相吻合，但
并不是从短文内容推知的，不是
基于文章得来的。
2."偷换概念"：看似从原文推断出
来的结论，实际上却与原文不
符。
3."不当推理"：推理过头，引申过
度。偏离文章主题，属主观臆断
的结论。
最佳选项 干扰选项
太绝对的词汇，如can、could、may、might、 often、possibly、probably、some、sometimes、 usually等。 4."混淆逻辑"：是短文内容的简单
重述，而非推断出来的结论，把
直接表达当作间接推理。
续表
三、解题技巧
做此类题时，一定要忠于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。千万不能主
观臆断、凭空想象，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。考生可用"三步推断法"
进行解题：
第一步：依据题干精准定位
根据题干中的关键词精确定位原文信息句/段。如上面的第25题以及第26题。
第二步：依据原文合理推断
1.首先正确理解关键词所在处信息的意思，这是推理的前提和基础；
2.其次对文字的表面信息进行分析、综合判断等，并利用"寻读法"归纳文中其他
相关信息，进行深层次的处理和合乎逻辑的推理；
3.最后结合自己已掌握的相关背景知识或常识来进行分析、推敲，从而得出符
合文章原意的结论。如上面的第25题，在定位至文章第三段后，还需要对第四段中
的相关细节进行梳理、思考，才能得出结论；上面的第26题，锁定第五段内容并分
析后可知，第五段表面信息是在介绍John在南伯灵顿和福州的工程中做的事情，但
其实是为了说明John的理念在实践中的应用；上面的第27题，要带着第一段中John
的疑问，看到最后一段中的"these new systems develop their own ways to self-
repair"才能得到印证。
第三步：对比选项锁定答案
认真比对，排除具有"无中生有""偷换概念""不当推理""混淆逻辑"特征的干扰项，
选择与合理推断一致的表述。
推理判断题主要考查考生根据材料寻找细节信息，并对其进行分析、梳理、同
义转换、概括，进而提取出关键信息，最终找出选项语句与所给材料信息内在的一
致性的思维能力，这体现了核心素养中对学生思维品质的要求。
提能力 迁移训练
阅读理解
(2024·江苏宿迁质检)In June 2023, Curtis Whitson, Krystal Ramirez, and their
son Hunter decided to go on a four-day hiking and camping trip along central
California's Arroyo Seco River. Things went well for the first two days. On June
16, Whitson led the trip to a waterfall.
Whitson planned for the group to rappel（绕绳下降） down the side of the
waterfall along the river. However, when the hikers reached the top of the waterfall,
Whitson realized that unlike his trip through the area before, the water currents
（水流） were too strong. To make matters worse, their rope was missing.
Since going back the way they had come was dangerous as well, they tried to
find other routes to get around the waterfall but kept hitting dead ends. There was
no other way out.
The three tried shouting from behind the huge rocks each time they heard
voices and even threw a stick. When neither worked, Whitson decided to carve（刻）
a "GET HELP" message on the side of his water bottle and threw it across the
waterfall in the hope that someone would find it. Fearing the carved message was
easy to miss, he also put a dated note inside the bottle. Then Whitson and his
family went back up the river to a small beach to camp out for the night. Before
settling down, they spread out their blue carpet in an open place and spelled out
"SOS" using white rocks. To make sure it could be seen at night, they used a
headlight to lighten the sign. Sometime after midnight, the three were awakened by
a welcome sound—a helicopter flying overhead. Soon after, someone shouted over
the loudspeaker, "This is Search and Rescue. You have been found."
Shortly after being picked up, Whitson was told that two hikers had discovered
their water bottle and, upon seeing the message for help, reported it to the officials.
Whitson said, "They didn't leave their names or phone numbers. They just did what
was right in their heart, and took it seriously. They couldn't have done it faster or
more selflessly, and I can't thank them enough."
本文讲述了Whitson一家人徒步旅行时被困于瀑布顶部，他们采取了一切能想到
的措施求救，最终他们顺瀑布扔下的刻有求救信息的水瓶帮助他们获得了援救。
1.What do we know about the three hikers ( )
C
A.They got lost on their way back.
B.They went to the wrong destination.
C.They were trapped on the top of a waterfall.
D.They were stuck on the top of a mountain.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的"reached the top of the waterfall"及第三段中
的"they tried to find other routes to get around the waterfall but kept hitting dead
ends"可知，他们三人被困在瀑布顶部。
2.What's the main reason for the three being rescued ( )
D
A.Their headlight was seen by someone.
B.Their "SOS" on the beach was noticed.
C.Their text message to the rescue team was read.
D.Their bottle with the message asking for help was found.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，Whitson在水瓶上刻有"寻求帮助"的
字样，还在瓶子里放了一张写有日期的纸条，然后扔下瀑布，希望有人能找到它。
再根据最后一段中的"Whitson was told that two hikers...reported it to the officials"
可知，两名徒步旅行者发现了他们的水瓶并向官员报告了此事。由此可知，他们被
救的主要原因是有人发现了他们的求助水瓶。
3.What can we learn from Whitson's words in the last paragraph ( )
B
A.He found it very lucky to survive.
B.He thought highly of the two hikers.
C.He expressed his thanks to the officials.
D.He wished to learn from the two hikers.
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Whitson所说的话"They didn' leave their
names ...can't thank them enough"可知，他高度赞扬了这两名徒步旅行者。B项中的
"thought highly of"为"can't thank them enough"的同义转述。
4.Where is the text most likely from ( )
B
A.A travel diary. B.A news story.
C.A popular magazine. D.A travel guide.
【解析】通读全文并结合选项内容可知，文章以第三人称的视角展开描述，首句"In
June 2023, Curtis Whitson...California's Arroyo Seco River"介绍了事件的时间、地
点以及人物,下文按照时间发展顺序详细叙述事实，符合新闻报道的语篇特征和文体
结构，故选B项。
微专题 新题型专练
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的
短文。
(山东师大附中开学考)Jane and Catherine were close friends in their high
school，Deerfield Academy, Massachusetts. The two of them almost went
everywhere together. However, it seemed that things changed for no reason.
That was a Tuesday, Jane was waiting in the corridor outside her class. She
had two exams that day and physics was the first. She really hated physics. Her
friend Catherine looked at her from the front of the line, and then looked away
quickly. Jane thought she looked guilty（内疚的）. She didn't have a problem with
physics. She didn't have a problem with anything…Miss Perfect!
"Hi, Jane, it's your favorite exam today," said Maya, laughing as she joined
the line. Catherine was looking at Jane again. "So what's wrong with her " asked
Maya. "I thought you were friends." "Yes, so did I," said Jane， "but she hasn't
spoken to me for two weeks. She promised to help me review for the physics
exam too, but then she ignored（忽视） all my calls and texts. She seemed to
have forgotten who her friends are!" "Are you listening to me " Mr Richard was
talking to the class and the other students were going into the exam room. Jane
gave Maya a worried look and followed them.
Jane couldn't answer question number five. She looked up and saw Catherine
sitting two rows in front of her. Jane couldn't believe it! Catherine was holding her
phone on her knee under the table and reading on it. Is that how Catherine always
got such good grades She felt really angry at Catherine, but she didn't know what
to do. She thought about telling the teacher, but what would everyone else think of
her "Stop writing and put your pens down," said Mr Richard as he started to
collect the exam papers.
Jane wanted to talk to Catherine at lunchtime, but she couldn't find her
anywhere. The next exam was history. That was Jane's favorite subject but she
wasn't feeling good. She didn't know what to do about Catherine. "It wasn't fair!"
she thought. "Catherine was getting good grades by cheating all the time." Just then,
Mr Richard walked past her table. "Mr Richard…"
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Jane was sitting two rows behind Catherine again in the history exam that
afternoon.
Jane was walking towards the school gate when she heard footsteps behind
her.
故事 梗概 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jane和Catherine一直以来都是亲密的好友，
但是这份友谊不知何故似乎发生了变化，自两周前Catherine就没有回复过
Jane的电话和短信了。有一天，Jane在考试的时候无意间发现Catherine使用
了手机，她认为Catherine的好成绩都是靠作弊取得的，于是就将此事告知了
老师……
情节线 情感线
结构 Para.1: The background of the story Jane and Catherine had been good friends, but their friendship seemed to change. Catherine broke her promise and ignored Jane.
（puzzled, angry）
→Jane found Catherine holding her phone during the exam.
（shocked, disappointed）
→Jane wanted to talk to Catherine, but she didn't have the chance and still didn't know what to do.
（unfair, hesitant）
Jane sat behind Catherine again
（sad？nervous or…）
She heard footsteps behind her
（afraid？anxious, or…）
续表
情节线 情感线
结构 Paras. 2-3: The exam day and the broken friendship Jane was worried about the physics exam but Catherine escaped eye contact with her. Catherine broke her promise and ignored Jane.
（puzzled, angry）
→Jane found Catherine holding her phone during the exam.
（shocked, disappointed）
→Jane wanted to talk to Catherine, but she didn't have the chance and still didn't know what to do.
（unfair, hesitant）
Jane sat behind Catherine again
（sad？nervous or…）
She heard footsteps behind her
（afraid？anxious, or…）
Catherine kept Jane at a distance. She failed to keep her promise to help Jane review physics. 续表
情节线 情感线
结构 Para.4: Jane thought Catherine cheated. Jane found Catherine using phone during the exam! Catherine broke her promise and ignored Jane.
（puzzled, angry）
→Jane found Catherine holding her phone during the exam.
（shocked, disappointed）
→Jane wanted to talk to Catherine, but she didn't have the chance and still didn't know what to do.
（unfair, hesitant）
Jane sat behind Catherine again
（sad？nervous or…）
She heard footsteps behind her
（afraid？anxious, or…）
Para.5: Jane decided to tell their teacher about the cheat. Jane didn't get the chance to talk to Catherine at lunchtime. Feeling unfair, she told the teacher. 续表
情节线 情感线
结构 Para.1 Jane was sitting two rows behind Catherine again in the history exam that afternoon.（段首句） Catherine broke her promise and ignored Jane.
（puzzled, angry）
→Jane found Catherine holding her phone during the exam.
（shocked, disappointed）
→Jane wanted to talk to Catherine, but she didn't have the chance and still didn't know what to do.
（unfair, hesitant）
Jane sat behind Catherine again
（sad？nervous or…）
She heard footsteps behind her
（afraid？anxious, or…）
续写 方向 →预测情节，问题引领： ①Would Catherine check her phone again？ ②What would Jane do ③What would Mr Richard do？ ④What might happen to Catherine？ 续表
情节线 情感线
续写 方向 Para.2 Jane was walking towards the school gate when she heard footsteps behind her. （段首句） Catherine broke her promise and ignored Jane.
（puzzled, angry）
→Jane found Catherine holding her phone during the exam.
（shocked, disappointed）
→Jane wanted to talk to Catherine, but she didn't have the chance and still didn't know what to do.
（unfair, hesitant）
Jane sat behind Catherine again
（sad？nervous or…）
She heard footsteps behind her
（afraid？anxious, or…）
→预测情节，问题引领： ①Who followed Jane？Was that Catherine ②What happened to Catherine？Why did she use the phone ③Would Jane and Catherine become friends again 续表
【佳作展示】
Jane was sitting two rows behind Catherine again in the history exam that
afternoon. Jane was feeling terrible. Mr Richard wanted her to nod at him if
she saw Catherine cheating in the exam. When she saw Catherine had her
phone under the table, Jane looked up and nodded at Mr Richard. Catherine
was too busy looking at her phone to notice Mr Richard coming near. Mr
Richard picked up her exam paper and told Catherine to leave the classroom.
Jane was walking towards the school gate when she heard footsteps behind
her. It was Catherine."Jane, please wait," said Catherine. "I'm really sorry I
didn't answer your calls. My dad has been in hospital for two weeks. He had
a big heart operation today. I was reading texts from my mum to see how the
operation was going. But Mr Richard caught me. He thought I was cheating.
He believes me now. I'm sorry I didn't tell you what was happening but I
haven't forgotten that we're friends. Will you forgive me " "Of course! Let's
go to the hospital to see your father," Jane couldn't wait to reply.
谢谢
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UNIT 2 TRAVELLING AROUND
单元专项提升
英语版必修第一册人教版
单元语法归纳
巧梳理·知识框图
挖教材·语法示例
判断下列教材中的句子中画线部分表达的时态含义
1.Circle the two places Meilin is going to for holiday.
【答案】现在进行时表示将来
2.Yes, I'm planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou.
【答案】现在进行时表示将来
3.To travel is to discover that everyone is wrong about other countries.
【答案】be to do表示将来
4.From there, you'll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the
middle of the forest.
【答案】will do表示将来
细归纳 语法精讲
将来时的表达法
知识点1 现在进行时表示将来
1.位移动词的进行时表示将来
含义 时间状语 例词
位移动 词的进 行时 表示按计划或安排将要进行的 动作，有"意图、安排、打算" 的含义 常有表将 来的时间 状语 arrive、come、go、leave、
return、start、take off、fly、
visit等
My friends are coming. .here this afternoon. 我的朋友今天下午要来这儿。
Jane is leaving tomorrow and you had better see her off. 简明天要离开了，你最
好去送送她。
The plane is taking off at 10 a.m.飞机将于上午10点起飞。
2.非位移动词的进行时表示将来
某些非位移动词（如do、meet、have、play、spend、work等）也可用现在进行
时表示将来，此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语。
What are you doing next Sunday 下周日你打算干什么？
The young man is meeting his girlfriend this afternoon.这个年轻男子今天下午要去
见他的女朋友。
We are spending next winter in Sanya.我们明年冬天要在三亚过。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(江苏高考)Have you heard this A group of exchange students from the
UK____________（visit） our school next month.
are visiting
【解析】空处所在句表示一群来自英国的交换生下个月要来我们学校。结合语境及
next month可知，空处应用一般将来时，又因为students为复数，故填are visiting表
示即将发生的动作。
2.（全国Ⅲ卷）Now I ____________（leave）home for college. At last, I will be
on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.
am leaving
【解析】此处表示我马上就要离开家去上大学了，leave是表示位移的动词，应用现
在进行时表将来。
知识点2 将来时的其他表达法
1.will/shall do
表示将要发生的动作或将来存在的状态，是对未来事情发生的一种"预见"。will
可用于各种人称，而shall多用于第一人称。
Tomorrow's weather will be cold and cloudy.明天的天气冷且多云。
We will/shall know more and more as time goes by.随着时间的推移，我们知道的
东西会越来越多。
（1）will可表示根据当时的情况临时做的打算。
—Mr Wang is ill in hospital.王先生生病住院了。
—Oh, I'll go and see him. 哦，我要去看看他。
（2）if引导的条件状语从句中使用will时，不表示将来，而表示意愿。
We would be grateful if you will send us a brochure about your goods. 如果你愿
意给我们寄送贵方产品的资料手册，我们将不胜感激。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(2023· 天津3月)—Mike ______________（announce） his retirement for
professional soccer next week.
—You can't be serious! He's only 25 and still be very fit.
will announce
【解析】句意：——迈克将在下周宣布退役，不再从事职业足球运动。——你在开
玩笑吧！他才25岁，而且身体依然非常健康。根据空处所在句中的"next week"可知，
此处表示的是将来要发生的动作，故用一般将来时。
2.(北京高考)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts
_________________（reward） with success in the end.
will be rewarded
【解析】句意：学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的回报。
由空前的"The students have been working hard"和空后的"in the end"可知,空处描述
的是将来要发生的动作，应用一般将来时；their efforts与reward之间为动宾关系，
因此应用被动语态。
2.be going to do
（人作主语）打算/计划将来要做的事
（物作主语）有迹象表明要发生某事
—What are you going to do（计划要做的事） tonight？你今晚打算做什么？
—I'm going to watch the football game on TV. 我打算在电视上看足球赛。
Look at the dark clouds! It's going to rain（有迹象表明要发生的事.）瞧那些乌云！
要下雨了。
be going to和will的区别：be going to表示说话人经过事先考虑的想法或有迹象表明
某事将要发生；will表示说话人临时决定做的事情或说话人主观认为某事会发生。
—Why are you taking down all the pictures？你为什么把所有的画都取下来了？
—I'm going to repair the room.我打算修房子。（已经考虑过了）
—This is a very heavy box. 这是一个很重的箱子。
—I'll help you carry it. 我来帮你搬。（临时作出的决定）
练一练 典例导悟
—I ________see the doctor at 10:00.I've made an appointment（预约）.
—You don't have to. You________ be all right soon if you take the
medicine.( )
A
A.am going to; will B.will; am going to
C.would; are going to D.am to; would
【解析】句意：——10点我要去看医生。我已经约好了。——你不必去。如果吃这
些药，你很快就好了。第一空表示的是计划好的要做的事，应用be going to；第二
空表示说话人主观认为会发生的事，用will。
3.be to do
（1）表示预先安排好的计划或约定（受别人的指令或安排将要做）；
（2）表示注定会发生的事情；
（3）表示命令、义务、禁止或可能性。
The meeting is to take place next Monday.会议定于下周一举行。（计划）
You're to be back by 9 o'clock. 你必须九点以前回来。（命令）
4.be about to do
表示正要做某事，指眼前的将来。常用于"be about to do…when…"句型，意为
"正要做……，这时（突然）……"。
The medical team is about to leave for Japan to rescue the people trapped there
because of the terrible disaster.医疗队即将出发前往日本，去救助因那场可怕的灾难
而困在那里的人。
I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我正要上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
be about to do通常不与具体的表示将来的时间状语连用。
节目将在10 分钟之后开演。
【误】The programme is about to begin in ten minutes.
【正】The programme is to begin. .in ten minutes.
5.一般现在时表示将来，有两种情况：
（1）常用于表示按计划、按规定或是按时刻表将要发生的动作，特别是表示位置移
动和开始结束意义的动词，如arrive、begin、come、go、leave、return、start等。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天早上六点开。
—When does the bus start 公共汽车什么时候开？
—It starts in ten minutes.十分钟后开。
（2）用于时间和条件状语从句中。
If we try hard，we'll finish the plan on time.只要努力，我们就能完成计划。
链高考 真题精练
1.(重庆高考)A Midsummer Night's Dream ___ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June,
and then tours throughout Scotland.
A
A.opens B.is opened C.will open D.will be opened
【解析】句意:《仲夏夜之梦》于6月19日在皇家剧院开始上演，然后在苏格兰巡回
演出。open表示"上演"，是不及物动词，而不及物动词没有被动语态，故可排除表
示被动的B项和D项。由后面的关键词tours的时态可知，空格处应使用一般现在时，
表示按照计划或时间表将进行的动作,故选A。
2.语法填空
(全国Ⅱ卷)They often get up early and water the vegetables together…When summer
_______（come）, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!
comes
【解析】在时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来，故应填comes。
语法练 专项提升
Ⅰ 用括号内词的适当形式填空
1.Ladies and gentlemen, we ____________（arrive） at Nanjing Station. Please get
ready to get off the train.
2.Jack as well as his parents __________（leave） for Shanghai soon.
are arriving
is leaving
3.—I want to know when Lucy __________ to my birthday party this Sunday.
—I don't know. But I think she will tell you when she _______. （come）
will come
comes
4.I _________________（contact） you in a few days to arrange a meeting for
further discussion.
5.(2023· 天津3月)The wooden tower that is being restored ________（be） open to
tourists soon, and the work is almost finished.
will/shall contact
will be
6.—I'll go and see you off at the airport this afternoon.
—Thanks,but the plane ______（take） off at 5:45, and you'll be still working.
takes
Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.看！ 我们的足球队就要赢了。 我们领先三个球。
Look! Our football team ________________. We are leading by three goals.
is going to win
2.下周五我们将乘飞机去广州旅游。
We _________________________________ next Friday.
are flying to Guangzhou to travel
3.他们就要走了，所以我们决定为他们举行一个告别晚会。
______________________________ so we have decided to hold a farewell party for
them.（leave）
They are leaving/about to leave
4.我有点紧张，因为几天后我就要期末考试了。
I feel a bit nervous because my final exam ___________________________.
（come up）
is coming up in a few days
Ⅲ 语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiaoming is very excited today, because his parents 1. .（be） back
from Beijing. They phoned Xiaoming yesterday afternoon and said, "We
2. .（leave） for the airport at four o'clock, because the plane takes off
at six. We 3. .（buy） some gifts for you and your grandpa yesterday. Are
you coming to the airport to meet us " Xiaoming said, "Yes."Just now Xiaoming
and his grandpa were going to meet his parents. They were about 4. .
（lock） the door when the phone rang. It was Xiaoming's parents."We
5. .（arrive） home in about ten minutes." What a great surprise!
will be
are leaving
bought
to lock
are arriving
写作方法指导
如何写旅游计划
制作旅游计划时，首先应考虑旅游的出发时间、游览时间、结束时间，根据时
间长短规划旅游景点、参观内容等， 并将需要做的事情列出来。
常用表达
1.With the summer vacation coming/approaching/around the corner, I decide to
travel to England.
2.Beijing is known for its various sights so it's a good place to travel.
3.I am going to have a tour around the town over my holiday.
4.We are arriving at 10:00 am and will start sightseeing right away.
5.I am leaving on Sunday and coming back next Saturday.
6.We are leaving by train the day before the holiday begins.
7.I will stay there for about five days and I plan to visit…and some other places
of interest.
8.I have booked a hotel, which is convenient for sightseeing.
巧运用 典例详析
书面表达
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Ben今年冬天想来北京旅游，请你帮他制订一个旅
游计划。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封信。内容如下：
1.活动安排；
2.你的建议。
注意：
1.词数80左右;
2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数;
3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Ben,
I'm glad that you are coming to Beijing this winter.______________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
A 教你审题
B 教你选词
1.适逢（日期） ________
2.除……之外（还）________
3.值得一游 ______________
4.为……做安排_______________________
5.提前___________
6.玩得开心_______________________________
fall on
besides
worth visiting
make arrangements for
in advance
have a good time或enjoy oneself
C 教你造句
1.我认为体验独特中国文化的最佳时间是春节。
I think the best time________________________________________________________.
to experience unique Chinese culture is the Spring Festival
2.2025年1月29日是春节。
The Spring Festival_________________________.
falls on January 29, 2025
3.你可以在1月29日至2月2日旅行。
_______________from January 29 to February 2.
You can travel
4.你也不能错过京剧。
_________________________________
You also can't miss Peking Opera.
5.京剧是中国文化的重要组成部分。
Peking Opera______________________________________.
is an important part of Chinese culture
D 教你升级
1.用which和so将1、2、3句合并成一句话。
【答案】I think the best time to experience unique Chinese culture is the
Spring Festival, which falls on January 29, 2025, so you can travel from
January 29 to February 2.
2.用非限制性定语从句合并句4和句5。
【答案】You also can't miss Peking Opera, which is an important part of
Chinese culture.
E 教你成篇
Dear Ben,
I'm glad that you are coming to Beijing this winter . I'd like to make a travel
plan for you.
I think the best time to experience unique Chinese culture is the Spring
Festival, which falls on January 29, 2025, so you can travel from January 29 to
February 2. You also can't miss Peking Opera, which is an important part of
Chinese culture. Besides, there are many sights in Beijing and you will find them
worth visiting【1】, such as the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace and the Great
Wall.
What's more, I advise you to make arrangements for your plane tickets and
accommodations inadvance. Hope you'll have a good time in Beijing.【2】
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
［名师点评］文章思路清晰，语言规范，语篇连贯，层次分明。文中高级句式和高
级词汇的应用提升了文章档次。
【1】"find+宾语+宾语补足语"结构。
【2】本句表达了作者的祝愿。
［总结］范文中使用的本单元新学表达：
词汇____________________________________________________
句式_____________________________
unique、sight、make arrangements for、accommodation
which引导的非限制性定语从句
提能力 迁移训练
书面表达
假设你是李明，你打算和几位朋友在国庆节期间去旅行。请根据所给信息，给
外籍朋友David发一封电子邮件介绍这次旅行计划，并邀请他一起旅行。旅游具体信
息：
1.地点：海南省三亚市；
2.时间：10 月1日—10月7 日；
3.主要活动：参观景点、爬山、游泳、潜水等。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear David,
How is everything going？______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Ming
【参考答案】
Dear David,
How is everything going My friends and I have decided to go on a trip
during China's National Day holiday to Sanya—a coastal city in Hainan
Province. I'm writing to tell you something about our travel plan and invite
you to join us.
We are leaving by airplane the day before the holiday begins. We will
start sightseeing on October 1st when we will visit some famous places of
interest. In the following days, we will climb the mountains, swim near the
beach and go diving. I'm sure we will have a lot of fun being together.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Ming
高考题型突破
真题在线 阅读理解
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods
around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for
example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where
tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process
could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries（n.［C］水产养殖业） in
college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain
plants trap harmful bacteria（细菌） Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured ,
maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he
would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some
sludge（污泥）. First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass（n.［U］玻璃纤维）
tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams
and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and
waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and
formed their own ecosystem . After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took
the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested ,
and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a
greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage（污水） from 1,600 homes in South
Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a
city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does."Life on Earth is
kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，" he says. "You put organisms in
new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems
develop their own ways to self-repair."
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了John Todd从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的
自净能力所折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，John通过实验找到了合适的生态
组合，发明出了生态设计，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。
24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs ( )
C
A.He was fond of traveling. B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的"observing how nature solved problems"和
"When he got older, John started to wonder...making"，第二段中的"John went back
to observing nature and asking questions"以及第二段中的几个问题可以看出，John
是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项正确。
25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks ( )
D
A.To feed the animals. B.To build an ecosystem.
C.To protect the plants. D.To test the eco-machine.
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词"sludge"以及"tanks"可先定位至文章第三
段。由"The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some
sludge（污泥）"可知，John建造生态机器的目的是清理污泥中的有害物质。第四段
描述了实验结果，其中也有关键信息点。"all that was left was pure water"表明了
将污泥放入水箱之后的变化效果，据此可以推断，John在水箱里放入污泥主要是为
了检验他的生态机器的效果，故D项正确。
26.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou ( )
B
A.To review John's research plans.
B.To show an application of John's idea.
C.To compare John's different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John's invention.
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词"Fuzhou"可定位至文章第五段。根据第
五段的内容可知，John在南伯灵顿和福州的工程中应用了他的生态理念。因此可推
知作者第五段中提到John设计生态机器来清理福州运河的水是在举例，以说明John
的理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。
27.What is the basis for John's work ( )
A
A.Nature can repair itself. B.Organisms need water to survive.
C.Life on Earth is diverse. D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【解析】推理判断题。本文主要围绕John的疑问"A dirty stream...if this process
could be used to clean up the messes people were making"展开，正是在这个疑问
的指引下，John发明了生态设计，因此，John这项发明的基础就在于自然的自我修
复能力。并且最后一段中的"Then you...ways to self-repair"也印证了John的发明基础
就在于"大自然能自我修复"这一理念，故A项正确。A项中的"repair itself"与最后一
段中的"self-repair"为同义转述。
词语摘抄
①cancer-causing chemical 致癌化学物
chemical / kem k（ ）l/ n.［C］化学品，化合物 adj.化学的
②a/the combination of... ……的结合
词链combine（vt.& vi.结合，联合）—combination（n.［U,C］结合，联合）
③figure / f ɡ (r)/ vt. 认为，认定（某事将发生或属实） n.［C］人物； ［C，
usually pl.］数字
figure （that）... 认为/认定……
搭配 figure out 弄清楚；计算
④substance / s bst ns/ n.［C］物质，物品，东西
⑤go around/round （to...） 到处走动；去往附近某处
⑥ecosystem / i:k s st m/ n.［C］生态系统
构词法 前缀eco-常置于名词、形容词和副词之前，如ecotourism（n.生态旅游），
eco-friendly（adj.环保的）等。
⑦digest /da d est/ vt.& vi.消化
派生词digestion n.［U］ 消化
⑧take on 决定做，同意负责，承担（责任）
⑨facility /f s l ti/ n.［C］设施，设备;特别装置
⑩canal /k n l/ n.［C］运河
organism / :ɡ n z m/ n.［C］生物，微生物
inquiring / n kwa r / adj.好奇的，爱探索的；探究的
long to do sth.渴望做某事
erase/ re z/ doubts消除疑虑
When he got older,
When引导的时间状语从句
［译文］当John长大后，他开始想要知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏
乱环境。
通方法 技巧点拨
如何做推理判断题
推理判断题是历年高考阅读理解的必考高频考点，也是阅读理解中的难点。此
类题目要求考生根据文章中的信息（某个或某些句子、段落或全文的信息）进行适
当合理的逻辑推断，从而推断出作者没有直接说明的内容。
一、设问角度
1.What can be inferred from the passage
2.What can we learn from the passage
3.What does the passage imply
4.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage
5.What does the author indicate/want to say/want to show by...
6.What is the author's purpose in mentioning...
二、选项特征
最佳选项 干扰选项
1."同义转述"：有时最佳选项会通过同义词、反 义词、近义词或派生词等多种形式和原文在意 义上进行呼应。 2."整合概括"：一些推理判断题侧重考查考生的 深层理解能力，最佳选项是对文中碎片信息的 整合与概括。 3.选项中一般不含有表示绝对概念的词语，如 absolutely、all、never、only等。最佳选项的表 述一般有些模糊，会用一些表达不 1."无中生有"：与常识相吻合，但
并不是从短文内容推知的，不是
基于文章得来的。
2."偷换概念"：看似从原文推断出
来的结论，实际上却与原文不
符。
3."不当推理"：推理过头，引申过
度。偏离文章主题，属主观臆断
的结论。
最佳选项 干扰选项
太绝对的词汇，如can、could、may、might、 often、possibly、probably、some、sometimes、 usually等。 4."混淆逻辑"：是短文内容的简单
重述，而非推断出来的结论，把
直接表达当作间接推理。
续表
三、解题技巧
做此类题时，一定要忠于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。千万不能主
观臆断、凭空想象，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。考生可用"三步推断法"
进行解题：
第一步：依据题干精准定位
根据题干中的关键词精确定位原文信息句/段。如上面的第25题以及第26题。
第二步：依据原文合理推断
1.首先正确理解关键词所在处信息的意思，这是推理的前提和基础；
2.其次对文字的表面信息进行分析、综合判断等，并利用"寻读法"归纳文中其他
相关信息，进行深层次的处理和合乎逻辑的推理；
3.最后结合自己已掌握的相关背景知识或常识来进行分析、推敲，从而得出符
合文章原意的结论。如上面的第25题，在定位至文章第三段后，还需要对第四段中
的相关细节进行梳理、思考，才能得出结论；上面的第26题，锁定第五段内容并分
析后可知，第五段表面信息是在介绍John在南伯灵顿和福州的工程中做的事情，但
其实是为了说明John的理念在实践中的应用；上面的第27题，要带着第一段中John
的疑问，看到最后一段中的"these new systems develop their own ways to self-
repair"才能得到印证。
第三步：对比选项锁定答案
认真比对，排除具有"无中生有""偷换概念""不当推理""混淆逻辑"特征的干扰项，
选择与合理推断一致的表述。
推理判断题主要考查考生根据材料寻找细节信息，并对其进行分析、梳理、同
义转换、概括，进而提取出关键信息，最终找出选项语句与所给材料信息内在的一
致性的思维能力，这体现了核心素养中对学生思维品质的要求。
提能力 迁移训练
阅读理解
(2024·江苏宿迁质检)In June 2023, Curtis Whitson, Krystal Ramirez, and their
son Hunter decided to go on a four-day hiking and camping trip along central
California's Arroyo Seco River. Things went well for the first two days. On June
16, Whitson led the trip to a waterfall.
Whitson planned for the group to rappel（绕绳下降） down the side of the
waterfall along the river. However, when the hikers reached the top of the waterfall,
Whitson realized that unlike his trip through the area before, the water currents
（水流） were too strong. To make matters worse, their rope was missing.
Since going back the way they had come was dangerous as well, they tried to
find other routes to get around the waterfall but kept hitting dead ends. There was
no other way out.
The three tried shouting from behind the huge rocks each time they heard
voices and even threw a stick. When neither worked, Whitson decided to carve（刻）
a "GET HELP" message on the side of his water bottle and threw it across the
waterfall in the hope that someone would find it. Fearing the carved message was
easy to miss, he also put a dated note inside the bottle. Then Whitson and his
family went back up the river to a small beach to camp out for the night. Before
settling down, they spread out their blue carpet in an open place and spelled out
"SOS" using white rocks. To make sure it could be seen at night, they used a
headlight to lighten the sign. Sometime after midnight, the three were awakened by
a welcome sound—a helicopter flying overhead. Soon after, someone shouted over
the loudspeaker, "This is Search and Rescue. You have been found."
Shortly after being picked up, Whitson was told that two hikers had discovered
their water bottle and, upon seeing the message for help, reported it to the officials.
Whitson said, "They didn't leave their names or phone numbers. They just did what
was right in their heart, and took it seriously. They couldn't have done it faster or
more selflessly, and I can't thank them enough."
本文讲述了Whitson一家人徒步旅行时被困于瀑布顶部，他们采取了一切能想到
的措施求救，最终他们顺瀑布扔下的刻有求救信息的水瓶帮助他们获得了援救。
1.What do we know about the three hikers ( )
C
A.They got lost on their way back.
B.They went to the wrong destination.
C.They were trapped on the top of a waterfall.
D.They were stuck on the top of a mountain.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的"reached the top of the waterfall"及第三段中
的"they tried to find other routes to get around the waterfall but kept hitting dead
ends"可知，他们三人被困在瀑布顶部。
2.What's the main reason for the three being rescued ( )
D
A.Their headlight was seen by someone.
B.Their "SOS" on the beach was noticed.
C.Their text message to the rescue team was read.
D.Their bottle with the message asking for help was found.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，Whitson在水瓶上刻有"寻求帮助"的
字样，还在瓶子里放了一张写有日期的纸条，然后扔下瀑布，希望有人能找到它。
再根据最后一段中的"Whitson was told that two hikers...reported it to the officials"
可知，两名徒步旅行者发现了他们的水瓶并向官员报告了此事。由此可知，他们被
救的主要原因是有人发现了他们的求助水瓶。
3.What can we learn from Whitson's words in the last paragraph ( )
B
A.He found it very lucky to survive.
B.He thought highly of the two hikers.
C.He expressed his thanks to the officials.
D.He wished to learn from the two hikers.
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Whitson所说的话"They didn' leave their
names ...can't thank them enough"可知，他高度赞扬了这两名徒步旅行者。B项中的
"thought highly of"为"can't thank them enough"的同义转述。
4.Where is the text most likely from ( )
B
A.A travel diary. B.A news story.
C.A popular magazine. D.A travel guide.
【解析】通读全文并结合选项内容可知，文章以第三人称的视角展开描述，首句"In
June 2023, Curtis Whitson...California's Arroyo Seco River"介绍了事件的时间、地
点以及人物,下文按照时间发展顺序详细叙述事实，符合新闻报道的语篇特征和文体
结构，故选B项。
微专题 新题型专练
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的
短文。
(山东师大附中开学考)Jane and Catherine were close friends in their high
school，Deerfield Academy, Massachusetts. The two of them almost went
everywhere together. However, it seemed that things changed for no reason.
That was a Tuesday, Jane was waiting in the corridor outside her class. She
had two exams that day and physics was the first. She really hated physics. Her
friend Catherine looked at her from the front of the line, and then looked away
quickly. Jane thought she looked guilty（内疚的）. She didn't have a problem with
physics. She didn't have a problem with anything…Miss Perfect!
"Hi, Jane, it's your favorite exam today," said Maya, laughing as she joined
the line. Catherine was looking at Jane again. "So what's wrong with her " asked
Maya. "I thought you were friends." "Yes, so did I," said Jane， "but she hasn't
spoken to me for two weeks. She promised to help me review for the physics
exam too, but then she ignored（忽视） all my calls and texts. She seemed to
have forgotten who her friends are!" "Are you listening to me " Mr Richard was
talking to the class and the other students were going into the exam room. Jane
gave Maya a worried look and followed them.
Jane couldn't answer question number five. She looked up and saw Catherine
sitting two rows in front of her. Jane couldn't believe it! Catherine was holding her
phone on her knee under the table and reading on it. Is that how Catherine always
got such good grades She felt really angry at Catherine, but she didn't know what
to do. She thought about telling the teacher, but what would everyone else think of
her "Stop writing and put your pens down," said Mr Richard as he started to
collect the exam papers.
Jane wanted to talk to Catherine at lunchtime, but she couldn't find her
anywhere. The next exam was history. That was Jane's favorite subject but she
wasn't feeling good. She didn't know what to do about Catherine. "It wasn't fair!"
she thought. "Catherine was getting good grades by cheating all the time." Just then,
Mr Richard walked past her table. "Mr Richard…"
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Jane was sitting two rows behind Catherine again in the history exam that
afternoon.
Jane was walking towards the school gate when she heard footsteps behind
her.
故事 梗概 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jane和Catherine一直以来都是亲密的好友，
但是这份友谊不知何故似乎发生了变化，自两周前Catherine就没有回复过
Jane的电话和短信了。有一天，Jane在考试的时候无意间发现Catherine使用
了手机，她认为Catherine的好成绩都是靠作弊取得的，于是就将此事告知了
老师……
情节线 情感线
结构 Para.1: The background of the story Jane and Catherine had been good friends, but their friendship seemed to change. Catherine broke her promise and ignored Jane.
（puzzled, angry）
→Jane found Catherine holding her phone during the exam.
（shocked, disappointed）
→Jane wanted to talk to Catherine, but she didn't have the chance and still didn't know what to do.
（unfair, hesitant）
Jane sat behind Catherine again
（sad？nervous or…）
She heard footsteps behind her
（afraid？anxious, or…）
续表
情节线 情感线
结构 Paras. 2-3: The exam day and the broken friendship Jane was worried about the physics exam but Catherine escaped eye contact with her. Catherine broke her promise and ignored Jane.
（puzzled, angry）
→Jane found Catherine holding her phone during the exam.
（shocked, disappointed）
→Jane wanted to talk to Catherine, but she didn't have the chance and still didn't know what to do.
（unfair, hesitant）
Jane sat behind Catherine again
（sad？nervous or…）
She heard footsteps behind her
（afraid？anxious, or…）
Catherine kept Jane at a distance. She failed to keep her promise to help Jane review physics. 续表
情节线 情感线
结构 Para.4: Jane thought Catherine cheated. Jane found Catherine using phone during the exam! Catherine broke her promise and ignored Jane.
（puzzled, angry）
→Jane found Catherine holding her phone during the exam.
（shocked, disappointed）
→Jane wanted to talk to Catherine, but she didn't have the chance and still didn't know what to do.
（unfair, hesitant）
Jane sat behind Catherine again
（sad？nervous or…）
She heard footsteps behind her
（afraid？anxious, or…）
Para.5: Jane decided to tell their teacher about the cheat. Jane didn't get the chance to talk to Catherine at lunchtime. Feeling unfair, she told the teacher. 续表
情节线 情感线
结构 Para.1 Jane was sitting two rows behind Catherine again in the history exam that afternoon.（段首句） Catherine broke her promise and ignored Jane.
（puzzled, angry）
→Jane found Catherine holding her phone during the exam.
（shocked, disappointed）
→Jane wanted to talk to Catherine, but she didn't have the chance and still didn't know what to do.
（unfair, hesitant）
Jane sat behind Catherine again
（sad？nervous or…）
She heard footsteps behind her
（afraid？anxious, or…）
续写 方向 →预测情节，问题引领： ①Would Catherine check her phone again？ ②What would Jane do ③What would Mr Richard do？ ④What might happen to Catherine？ 续表
情节线 情感线
续写 方向 Para.2 Jane was walking towards the school gate when she heard footsteps behind her. （段首句） Catherine broke her promise and ignored Jane.
（puzzled, angry）
→Jane found Catherine holding her phone during the exam.
（shocked, disappointed）
→Jane wanted to talk to Catherine, but she didn't have the chance and still didn't know what to do.
（unfair, hesitant）
Jane sat behind Catherine again
（sad？nervous or…）
She heard footsteps behind her
（afraid？anxious, or…）
→预测情节，问题引领： ①Who followed Jane？Was that Catherine ②What happened to Catherine？Why did she use the phone ③Would Jane and Catherine become friends again 续表
【佳作展示】
Jane was sitting two rows behind Catherine again in the history exam that
afternoon. Jane was feeling terrible. Mr Richard wanted her to nod at him if
she saw Catherine cheating in the exam. When she saw Catherine had her
phone under the table, Jane looked up and nodded at Mr Richard. Catherine
was too busy looking at her phone to notice Mr Richard coming near. Mr
Richard picked up her exam paper and told Catherine to leave the classroom.
Jane was walking towards the school gate when she heard footsteps behind
her. It was Catherine."Jane, please wait," said Catherine. "I'm really sorry I
didn't answer your calls. My dad has been in hospital for two weeks. He had
a big heart operation today. I was reading texts from my mum to see how the
operation was going. But Mr Richard caught me. He thought I was cheating.
He believes me now. I'm sorry I didn't tell you what was happening but I
haven't forgotten that we're friends. Will you forgive me " "Of course! Let's
go to the hospital to see your father," Jane couldn't wait to reply.
谢谢
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