Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 2024-2025学年高中英语版必修第一册人教版 课件

(共139张PPT)
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking &
Reading and Thinking
英语版必修第一册人教版
A 话题词汇
B 话题佳句
1.There is kindness to be found everywhere.人间处处有温情。（读后续写之主旨升
华句）
2.I am sorry to hear that a terrible hurricane hit your hometown and caused a great
loss. 听说一场可怕的飓风袭击了你的家乡，造成了巨大的损失，我很难过。
（应用文写作之自然灾害慰问信开头语）
3.I'm writing to express my great concern for the great loss caused by the flood in
your hometown. 我写这封信是为了表达我对你家乡的水灾造成的巨大损失的深切关
注。（应用文写作之自然灾害慰问信开头语）
4.In the face of natural disasters, as long as we are united,we will meet a rainbow
after the rain.面对自然灾害时，只要我们团结一致，我们就会迎来雨后彩虹。
（应用文写作之自然灾害慰问信鼓励语）
5.With the help of the whole nation, people in disaster areas overcame many
difficulties and rebuilt their homes. 在全国人民的帮助下，灾区的人们克服了许许多
多的困难，重建了他们的家园。
练一练 语境运用 新考向·语境中考查语言运用能力
用话题词汇中的内容补全下面短文
While the Earth is a beautiful place to live in, 1. .
（自然灾害） occur from time to time. In 2004, there was a tsunami in the Indian
Ocean, which was caused by the undersea quake， and it 2.
.（使得数十万人无家可归）. In 2008, an earthquake
struck Wenchuan, which is the most destructive（破坏性的） one to have ever
occurred in China, making around 69,000 people 3. .（失去他们的生
命）.Since natural disasters are unavoidable, it is necessary to let people 4.
.（了解关于……的常识） them, because even a little
knowledge can help us 5. .（为……做好准备） natural disasters
and might save ourselves.
natural disasters
left hundreds of
thousands of people homeless
lose their lives
know of
common knowledge about
get prepared for
C 话题语篇
What Is a Tornado
A tornado is a rotating column of air（旋转气柱） from a thunderstorm（雷暴）
to the ground. The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per
hour. Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the
southeast to South Dakota in the north.
Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in
the next street—or even in the next town. They can destroy houses, but leave
the objects inside exactly where it was （"leave+宾语+宾补"结构， 宾语为the
objects, inside作后置定语修饰the furniture。where it was是where引导的地点状语
从句,作宾补。）.
In the US, the worst tornado of all time happened in 1925. It influenced
three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. By the time it ended, more than
700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.
What Is a Hurricane
Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern
Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. There are violent winds
of 120 kilometres per hour or more,（ which cause huge waves . ., heavy rain and
floods）which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰winds。.There are on average six
Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually influence the east coast of the US
from Texas to Maine.
The worst hurricane of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in
Galveston, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre-high waves hit
the city. The hurricane killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed
3,600 buildings.
教材帮原创
What should we do to protect ourselves when a natural disaster occurs
词语摘抄
①violent / va l nt/ adj.猛烈的
②occur / k :（r）/ vi.发生，出现
③pick up在此意为"卷起，掀起"。
④destroy /d str / vt. 摧毁，毁灭，破坏
⑤of all time有史以来，自古以来，从未有过
⑥tropical / tr p kl/ adj.热带的
⑦wave /we v/ n.［C］海浪，波浪 vi.& vt.挥手，招手
⑧on average 平均
译文参考
什么是龙卷风
龙卷风是指一个从雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋转气柱。最猛烈的龙卷风风速在
每小时400千米以上。几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国东南部的得克萨斯州与北部的
南达科他州之间的地区。
龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车甚至房子，把它们甩到相邻的街道上——甚至是相邻
的城镇里。它们能摧毁房子，却把房子内的物品留在原处。
美国历史上最严重的龙卷风发生在1925年，它影响了美国的三个州：密苏里州、
伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。等到风停时，已有700多人死亡， 2 700人受伤。
什么是飓风
飓风是强烈的热带风暴，通常发生在南大西洋、加勒比海和墨西哥湾。强烈的
飓风风速可达每小时120千米或者更快，能引发巨浪、暴雨和洪灾。大西洋上平均每
年有6次飓风，它们通常会影响到美国东海岸从得克萨斯州到缅因州的地区。
历史上最严重的一次飓风于1900年9月8日发生在得克萨斯州的加尔维斯顿。每
小时200千米的飓风和5米高的海浪袭击了这座城市。飓风使37 000人中的6 000人死
亡， 3 600座建筑被毁。
课文对译解读
Listening and Speaking
原文呈现
Report natural disasters
Watch the video Natural Disasters and look at the photos. Do you know
what these disasters are Write down their names.
① _________（复数 tornadoes或tornados） ② _________ ③ ____________ ④
________ ⑤ ________
tornado
tsunami
earthquake
wildfire
flood
Listen to the news reports and tick the disasters that you hear.
○earthquake ○tornado ○wildfire ○drought
○landslide ○tsunami ○flood ○volcanic eruption
【答案】earthquake; tornado; landslide; flood
Circle the key word（s） in the questions below and write the kind of
information they refer to （定语从句，关系词that/which已省略。）.Then listen
again and answer the questions.
Question Type of information Answer
1__________________ was the _________________________________ of the earthquake in Ecuador number
Question Type of information Answer
2 How many people were killed or injured in Ecuador
3 Where are the floods
4 What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area
5 When did people see the tornado in Memphis
6 Which buildings were damaged in Seoul
7 What caused the landslide in Seoul
续表
【答案】7.8; ; ; number; About 230 people were
killed and more than 1,500 were injured.; ; place; central China; ;
activities; They are working day and night to make sure that people are
safe.; ; time; at 9:25 a.m.; ; ; place; a library and a
supermarket; ; ; reason; by heavy rain that has fallen in the last
week
Listen for details
Think about what you are listening for before you listen:numbers,dates, times,
addresses, activities, people or places, reasons, etc.
学一听力技巧
英语知识随时“积”
听取细节在听力考试中十分重要。在听之前根据题干的关键信息，预想你应该
着重听的信息，如数字、日期、时间、地址、活动、人物或地方、原因等。当听到
这些信息时，应迅速将其记下来。这样，同学们就能对所听到的信息进行简单的处
理, 比如数字运算、时间排序、比较筛选、同义转换等。
Read about the disasters below and prepare a short news report on one of
them. Then present your news report to a partner.
Earthquake
Wenchuan, China
·14:28 Monday,12 May
·Magnitude 7.8（8.0）
·At least 8,500 killed（by 13 May）
·Rescue workers（medical teams, troops⑩, volunteers, etc.） organised quickly
Wildfire
Alberta, Canada
·Began on 1 May
·2,400 homes destroyed
·Almost 88,000 people evacuated（vt.& vi.（从危险的地方）撤出）
·Hundreds of firefighters arrived
·Planes, helicopters used to fight the fire
·No deaths , no injuries
续表
Flood
Colombo, Sri Lanka
·Began in May
·82 killed, 500,000 affected
·Rescue teams provided food and water
·Shelters set up . .by the government（动词-ed短语作后置定语，修饰Shelters。）
续表
EXAMPLE
Good morning. Today is 13 May. A huge earthquake hit Wenchuan,China
yesterday afternoon...
Pronunciation
1 Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the letters in bold.
·pipe brick ·tend death ·keen glory ·fond view
·think they·campus amaze·flash garage·French bridge
·truly draw·events friends
2 Read the words aloud. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the -ed endings.
Then write the words in the boxes.
begged breathed described concentrated confused
debated exchanged helped laughed learned
depended embarrassed pretended reserved shocked
viewed watched wished
/t/ ____________________________________________________
/d/ ____________________________________________________________________
/ d/_________________________________________
helped, laughed, embarrassed,shocked, watched, wished
begged, breathed, described,confused,exchanged, learned, reserved, viewed
concentrated, debated, depended, pretended
3 Listen to the words in each box and repeat.
学一学 语音知识
英语知识随时“积”
1.清辅音和浊辅音
辅音包括清辅音和浊辅音两大类：发音时声带不振动、送气的叫清辅音；发音
时声带振动、不送气的叫浊辅音。
11个清辅音：/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /θ/ / / /t / /tr/ /ts/ /h/
17个浊辅音：/b/ /d/ /?/ /v/ /z/ / / / / /d / /dr/ /dz/ /m/ /n/ / / /r/ /l/ /j/ /w/
2.-ed的发音规则 （注意：-ed在动词词尾的发音有三种情况，一定不要读错！）
①在清辅音后读/t/,如worked, helped；
②在浊辅音和元音后读/d/,如rained, answered, traveled;
③在/d/ /t/后读/ d/, 如needed, visited, landed。
名师圈点
①natural disasters 自然灾害
disaster n.［C］灾难；灾害
disastrous/d za:str s/ adj.
灾难性的
②一词多义
Tourists continue to flood into the little island. 游客不断涌入这座小岛。
Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people. 数以百计的人开始纷纷捐赠
物品。（链高考|天津）
The room was flooded with light.这个房间光线充足。
③landslide n.［C］（landfall） （山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡
slide /sla d/ vi.& vt.（slid, slid）（使）滑行，滑动n.［C］崩塌
合成构词land （n. 土地） + slide （n.） →landslide （n.）
④volcanic eruption 火山喷发
volcano /v l ke n / n.［C］（pl.-oes or -os）火山→volcanic /v l k n k/ adj.火山的
erupt / r pt/ vi.& vt.（火山）爆发，（岩浆、烟等）喷出→eruption/ r p n/ n.［C,U］
喷发，爆发
⑤refer to 描述,涉及，与……相关；提到，谈及；参考，查阅
⑥magnitude/ m ɡn tju:d/ n.［C,U］震级
⑦rescue worker 救援人员
rescue n.［U］营救，求援 详见P178
⑧flood-hit adj. 遭受水灾的
构词法flood-hit为"名词+过去分词"构成的复合形容词。类似的还有：man-made
（人造的）；handmade（手工制作的）；state-owned（国有的）；heartfelt（衷心的）
等。
⑨damage / d m d / vt.& n.损害；破坏 详见P179
⑩troop /tru:p/ n.［pl.］军队
firefighter n.［C］消防员
合成构词fire （n. 火）+fighter（n. 战斗者）→firefighter（n.）
fight the fire救火
helicopter / hel k pt （r）/ n.［C］直升机
death /deθ/ n. ［U］死，死亡； ［C］死亡事件
cause of death 死亡原因
deaths from cancer癌症导致的死亡人数
affect / fekt/ vt. 影响 详见P180
set up shelters 建避难所
set up 建起，设立，设置
shelter / elt （r）/ n.［C］避难处 详见P180
hit 熟词生义 vi.& vt.侵袭；vt.使突然想起
The village has been hit by a terrible drought.那个村庄遭受了严重的干旱。
I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before, and then it suddenly ____ me. 起
初我想不起以前在哪里见过他,后来猛然记起来了。
hit
Reading and Thinking
原文呈现
Describe a natural disaster
Work in pairs. Discuss what can happen to a city during a big earthquake.
Look at the title and photo below and guess what the text is about. Then
read and check if you are right.
THE NIGHT THE EARTHDIDN'T SLEEP（［修辞手法］拟人）
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For
several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell ,rose and
fell. There were deep cracks that appearedin the well walls（that引导的定语
从句，修饰先行词cracks，that在从句中作主语。）. At least one well had some
smelly gas coming out of it（动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰gas。）. Chickens
and even pigs were too nervous to eat（too...to... 太……而不能……）,and dogs
refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide
（动词-ing短语作伴随状语，Mice与look for之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。）, and fish
jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were
seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the
city's one million people were asleep as usual that night.
At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if . .the world were
coming. .to an end ！（［句型］It seemed as if...表示"看起来好像……"，as if引
导表语从句，该从句使用了虚拟语气（从句谓语用了were coming））。Eleven
kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the
20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150
kilometres away in Beijing（"one...earthquakes of the 20th century" 的同位语，其
中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a quake，that在从句中作主语。）. Nearly one
third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30
metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways .
Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt（［修辞手法］此处使用了隐喻（metaphor）
的修辞方法，将泥石流比喻成河流。使用隐喻时，我们通常把被描写的事物比喻成
与之相似的事物，但不在句子中使用like,as等表示"像"的词语。）. In less than one
minute, a large city lay in ruins . Twothirds of the people who lived therewere
（"分数+of+名词"作主语时，谓语动词的数与名词的数保持一致。此处were与people
的数保持一致。who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people，who在从句中作主语。）
dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents（"leave+宾语+宾补
"结构的被动形式）. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in
the quake（［思考］此处who引导什么类型的从句呢？） was more than 400,000.
Everywhere survivors . .looked, （Everywhere作连词，引导地点状语从句。）
there was nothing but ruins（［句型］There was/is nothing but...表示"除了……之
外，什么都没有"或"无一不是……"。but是介词，表示"除……之外"。）. Nearly
everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city's factories
and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone .
Bricks . .covered the ground like red autumn leaves（［修辞手法］此处使用了明
喻（simile）的修辞方法。明喻不同于隐喻，它直接在句子中使用like,as,as...as...
等表示"像"的词语或结构，来明确地比喻和描述。）, but no wind could blow them
away. Most bridges had fallen or . .were not safe. .to cross.（［句型］主语+be+adj.
（+for sb.） +动词不定式）The railway tracks were now useless pieces of
metal . Tens of thousands of cows,hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of
chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in
shock —and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.
Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
（［思考］此处使用了什么句型呢？）People began to wonder how long the
disaster would last（how引导的宾语从句，作wonder 的宾语。）.
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers
to Tangshan to dig out. .those who were. .trapped. .and to. .bury. .the dead
（两个并列的动词不定式短语作目的状语，其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词
those。先行词为those且指人时，定语从句常用who引导。）. More than 10,000
doctors and nurses came to provide medical care . Workers built shelters for
survivors whose homes had been destroyed（whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词
survivors，whose 在从句中作定语修饰homes。）. Hundreds of thousands of people
were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane.
Slowly, the city began to. .（［修辞手法］此处使用了拟人（personification）的修辞
方法，把事物人格化，将事物变得和人一样，会做出动作或拥有感情。）breathe
again.
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet （［修辞手法］
拟人）. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the
city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city
has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements
in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and
the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show
the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.（that引导的宾语
从句，作proved的宾语。）
地球的不眠之夜
河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏
伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，
不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。
1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山市外的天空中出现了耀眼的亮光，接着又传出
巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上，城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。
凌晨3:42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，
20世纪伤亡最严重的地震之一爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震
的破坏，全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感!
一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石
流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民遇难或受
伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，城市里万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、
90%的住房和所有的医院都荡然无存了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却
没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁坍塌或无法安全通行；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万
头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。水井满是沙子而非井水。人们惊恐
万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一场强烈的地震侵袭了唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，水、
食物和电难以获取。人们开始疑惑这场灾难将会持续多久。
然而，希望尚存。地震后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众
从废墟中挖出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医护人员赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为
家园被毁的幸存者盖起了庇护所。数十万人获得了帮助。火车、卡车和飞机给城市
运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。
唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。在政府的大力支持以及市民的不懈努力下，一座
新的唐山在地震废墟上被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、
工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国以及全世界证明，在灾难发生之际，人
们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持积极乐观的心态，重建一个更为璀璨的未来。
名师圈点
①well 熟词生义 n.［C］井，水井
②rise and fall起伏，升降
rise （rose,risen） vi.上升；起床
③crack /kr k/ n.［C］裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.（使）破裂
④smelly gas 难闻的气味
smelly / smeli/ adj.有难闻气味的；有臭味的
gas/? s/n.［C,U］气体；［U］燃气；汽油
⑤as usual 像往常一样
⑥as if 似乎，好像，仿佛
⑦come to an end结束
拓展 come to达到,进入（某种状态或境地）;作出（决定），达成（协议）
come to a decision作出决定
come to an agreement 达成协议
⑧directly below正下方
directly /d rektli/adv. 恰好，正好地；径直地；立即 conj. 一……就……
⑨deadly / dedli/ adj. （deadlier, deadliest）致命的；十足的，彻底的 adv. 极其，
非常
⑩one third表示"三分之一"。英语中分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大
于一时，分母用复数。如34three fourths, 256 two and five sixths。
cut across 穿过，通过
waterway n.［C］水路，航道
in ruins严重受损； 破败不堪
ruin / ru: n/ n.［U］ & vt.破坏,毁坏 详见P181
the number of... 意为"……的数量",后常跟可数名词复数或集体名词，作主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式。
复习a number of...意为"一些/若干……"，后常跟可数名词复数或集体名词，作主语
时，谓语动词用复数形式。
survivor /s va v （r）/ n.［C］ 幸存者，生还者
词链survive （/s va v/ vi.生存,存活；vt.幸存,艰难度过）—survivor（n.）—survival
（ n.［U］生存,幸存； ［C］幸存事物）
percent /p sent/ n.百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中
对比percentage /p sent d / n.［C］百分率，百分比
6 percentage points （=6 percent）
gone 熟词生义 adj. 不复存在；用完了；（人）离开了
brick/br k/n.［C，U］砖;砖块
useless adj.没用的
反义useful adj.有用的
思考具有相同词根并分别以-ful和-less结尾的两类形容词都互为反义词吗？
metal/ metl/n.［C，U］金属
in shock 震惊；吃惊（通常作表语）
shock / k/ n.［C，U］震惊 详见P181
语用介词in和许多表示情绪的名词搭配使用时，可用来描写人物的心情，如in
surprise/amazement（惊讶地）、in fear/horror（害怕地）等。
electricity / lek tr s ti/ n.［U］电；电能
electric / lektr k/adj. 用电的，电的
dig out 挖出
trap /tr p/ vt. （trapped, trapped） 使落入险境 详见P182
bury / beri/ vt. 埋葬；安葬 详见P183
the dead死者；逝者
拓展"the+形容词转化而来的名词"表达具有该形容词语义特征或状态的"人"或"物"，
为集合概念。这类名词无复数词尾，通常当作复数词使用。有类似用法的还有：the
poor（穷人）、the rich（富人）、the old（老年人）、the young（年轻人）等。
medical care医疗护理
breathe /bri: / vi.& vt. 呼吸 详见P183
词链breath （n. /breθ/呼吸）—breathe （v.）—breathless （adj. /′breθl s/气喘吁吁
的）
revive /r va v/ vt.& vi. 复活；（使）苏醒
派生词revival /r va vl/ n.［C，U］复兴，复苏
on one's feet （困境后）恢复，完全复原；（病后）痊愈
tireless efforts坚持不懈的努力
tireless adj. 不知疲倦的
词链tire （vi. & vt.使疲劳,疲劳）—tired （adj. 疲倦的）—tiring（adj.令人疲劳
的）—tireless（adj.）
effort / ef t/ n.［C，U］努力；［C］艰难的尝试；尽力 详见P184
upon 在此可替换为on或onto。
be/become （a） home to... 是……的家园/家乡
prove to sb. that...向某人证明……
prove /pru:v/ vt. 证明；证实
in times of... 在……时期
拓展at times 有时
unify / ju:n fa / vi.& vt. （使）统一；（使）成一体
unified adj. 统一的
wisdom / w zd m/ n. ［U］智慧；才智
构词法wisdom为"wise（adj.有智慧的，明智的）+名词后缀 -dom（状况，状态）"构
成的名词。常见的以 -dom结尾的词还有：freedom（n. 自由）、boredom（n. 厌烦）
等。
stay positive 保持积极乐观的心态
stay linking verb 保持原状，维持
细研读 教材深挖
A 课文语篇赏析
本文是一篇报告文学（literary journalism）。报告文学是一种介于新闻报道和文
学作品之间的文体，其题材和所描写的人物是真实发生的历史事件和真实人物，其
语言特点如下：
1.报告文学要遵循真实性原则，但又要有别于新闻报道的简明扼要，也要有别
于文学创作的虚构。本文中"Eleven kilometres directly below the city""Nearly one
third of""more than 400,000"和"More than 10，000 doctors and nurses"等数据的使
用就突出和体现了报告文学的纪实性特色，增强了事件的真实感。
2.报告文学对事件发生的环境和所涉及的人物有生动的描绘，并运用多种修辞
手法来组织语言。除了开篇的排比句Chickens and even pigs were...fish jumped
out of the water外，文本还使用了拟人、明喻、隐喻等修辞方法，让文章有了更多
细节，也更有画面感，例如标题"THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP"，以
及文中的"Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves"等。
全文描写生动，饱含情感，体现了"灾害无情，人有情"的思想感情。
B 课文语篇结构
【答案】Signs; Strange things; The rescue work; stay positive
C 课文阅读理解
1.Which group can serve as signs of an earthquake ( )
D
①Deep cracks appear in the well walls.
②People are afraid to fall asleep at night.
③Mice run out looking for hiding places.
④There are bright lights and loud noises in the sky.
⑤The water in the wells rises and falls again and again.
⑥Chickens and pigs are too nervous to eat.
⑦Food, water and electricity are hard to get.
A.①②③⑤⑥ B.③④⑤⑥⑦ C.①②③④⑦ D.①③④⑤⑥
2.What can we know from the last sentence in paragraph 3 ( )
A
A.People felt hopeless about the earthquake.
B.People believed they could survive the earthquake.
C.People were sure that the earthquake would be gone soon.
D.The earthquake happened in the afternoon caused more loss.
3.What can we learn from this passage ( )
C
A.No pain,no gain.（不劳则无获。）
B.The sooner, the better.（越快越好。）
C.Many hands make light work.（众人拾柴火焰高。）
D.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.（世上无难事，只怕有心人。）
D 课文语法填空
For several days before the earthquake struck Tangshan, strange things were
happening. For example, chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat and mice
ran out of the fields 1. .（look） for places to hide,etc. At about 3:00 a.m.，
on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky and loud noises were
heard,2. .the local people were asleep as usual at that time.
Then at 3:42 a.m., one 3. .（dead）earthquake hit Tangshan. In less than
one minute, the whole city lay in 4. .（ruin）. The number of people who
were killed orbadly injured 5. .（be） more than 400,000 and thousands of
children were left without parents. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing
but ruins. It seemed as if the world were coming to 6. . end.
looking
but
deadly
ruins
was
an
However, soon after the earthquake, aid from all corners of our country came.
Soldiers arrived to dig out those 7. .（trap） and to bury the dead.
Doctors, nurses and those from other walks of life came to help. Slowly, the city
started to revive 8. .（it） and get back up on its feet. A new Tangshan
9. .（build） upon the earthquake ruins with strong support from the
government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, which proved that 10. .
times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and
rebuild for a brighter future.
trapped
itself
was built
in
E 课文佳句临摹
1.教材原句：Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. （隐喻）
仿写：书籍是精神食粮。
_____________________________
Books are food for the mind.
2.教材原句：Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
（who引导的定语从句）
仿写：在我成长的过程中，有很多人在我遇到困难时关心并帮助我。
During my growth, there were many people __________________________________
___ when I was in trouble.
who cared about me and helped me
原文呈现
Read the text carefully and then write down the main idea of each
paragraph.
Scan the text and find the words below. Guess what they mean from the context①.
ruin brick trap bury
Use context to understand new words
When you see a word you do not know, do not stop and look it up in a
dictionary. If you continue reading, the context will probably help you understand
what it means.
学一学 阅读指导
英语知识随时“积”
在阅读过程中，遇到生词是在所难免的,这时就需要同学们学会根据上下文猜测
词义。主要方法有：根据定义或解释猜测词义；通过同义、同位等关系猜测词义；
通过文中的举例猜测词义。
Read the sentences describing what happened after a huge earthquake
（动词-ing结构作后置定语，修饰the sentences；其中包含what引导的宾语从句，作
describing的宾语。）.Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the new
words and phrases from the text.
1 The huge earthquake left nearly the whole city. .in ruins（"leave+宾语（nearly the
whole city）+宾补（in ruins）"结构.）
2 Everyone was in shock,thinking the world must be coming to an end
（动词-ing结构作伴随状语，其所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。
think与Everyone之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。）.
3 Millions of people were left without water, food, or electricity.
4 Soldiers and volunteers worked as hard as they could to pull away bricks
（ =as hard as they could work/do）and rocks, and rescue those who were. .trapped
under the ruins（动词不定式短语作目的状语，其中"who...ruins"为who引导的定语从
句，修饰指人的先行词those，who在从句中作主语。）.
5 Some were found alive（"find+宾语+宾补"结构的被动式）, though they were
suffering. .from . .terrible injuries,（though引导的让步状语从句） but others had
already stopped breathing when they were discovered（when引导的时间状语从句.）
6 A few buildings were still standing, but people were afraid to use them as
shelters,worrying they would be. .buried. .if the buildings fell（动词-ing结构作状语，
其中还包含一个if引导的条件状语从句。）.
Read the text again and answer the questions.
Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
1 What do you think helped in the revival of Tangshan city
2 What other cities or towns have gone through similar changes What lessons
can we learn from these events
名师圈点
①context / k ntekst/ n.［C,U］ 上下文,语境；背景
英语释义 The context of a word, sentence, or text consists of（包括） the words,
sentences, or text before and after it， which help to make its meaning clear.
②look sth. up 查阅（sth.为代词时，放在look和up中间；sth.为名词时，放在中间或
up后面均可）
Can you look up the opening times of the museum/look the opening times of the
museum up on the website 你可以在网站上查一下这家博物馆的开放时间吗？
③pull away移开
④suffer from… 遭受……之苦；患……病
suffer / s f / vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 详见P185
⑤use...as...（介词把……用作……）
拓展use...for （doing） sth.用……做某事
use...to do sth.用……做某事
⑥go through 经历，遭受；（法律、合同等正式）通过
⑦learn a lesson from...从……吸取教训
教材习题答案
Suggested answers to Exercise 6:
1 ①Before the earthquake, the water in the village wells rose and fell. Deep cracks
appeared in their walls. Animals were acting strangely.
②I think these were warning signs as these don't usually happen and these showed
something strange was happening below the ground. Sometimes, animals have more
sensitive reactions（敏感的反应） to some coming dangers.
2 The writer means that the city began to function again,because the earthquake had
stopped people and supplies moving about, and so it was like the city couldn't breathe.
3 People who have suffered an earthquake need quick access to basic things such
as water and food, because they cannot get them easily. They also need medical
care, not just for injuries, but to protect against disease and other problems that
happen after the earthquake. Last but not least, these people also need psychological
（心理的） care and help.
词汇句式详解
手写体的词汇为本单元复现词汇
Point 1 rescue
教材语境 P48 What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-
hit area 救援人员和士兵们正在洪灾地区做什么？
用法详解（1）n.［U］救援，营救;［C］营救行动
rescue teams/workers/boats 救援队/人员/船只
come/go to sb.'s rescue来/去营救某人；给某人救急
By Thursday, the rescue team from China has saved 6 trapped people in the ruins.
截至周四，中国的救援队已在废墟中救出了6名被困人员。（主题素材·灾害救援）
"Never（否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装 ）for a second," the boy says, "did I
doubt that my father would come to my rescue."那个男孩说:"我从来没有怀疑过父
亲会来救我。"（链高考|江苏）
（2）vt.援救，营救
rescue...from...把……从……解救出来
The old man whom they rescued from the fire has been sent to hospital.他们从火
灾中救出的那位老人已被送往医院。
语境串记A fire broke out in that building yesterday and the Smiths were caught in
the fire. The rescue team immediately came to their rescue and rescued all the
family from the big fire.昨天那栋楼里发生了火灾，史密斯一家被困在了火中。救援
队立即赶来救援，把这一家人全都从大火中救出来了。
学思用 小题集训
1.语法填空
A real friend is the one who comes ___your rescue in your hour of need.
（应用文写作之友谊）
to
2.结合rescue的用法完成句子
在海里营救这个溺水的男孩很难，但是救援人员没有放弃任何把他从危险中解救出
来的希望。
It was very difficult to _______ the drowning boy in the sea, but the
_______________ didn't give up any hope of _________________________.
rescue
rescue workers
rescuing him from danger
Point 2 damage
教材语境 P48 Which buildings were damaged in Seoul 首尔的哪些建筑物被毁
坏了？
用法详解 （1）vt.损害，毁坏，破坏
be badly/seriously damaged严重受损
My car was badly damaged, but luckily the kids were not seriously hurt.我的车受
损严重，但庆幸的是孩子们伤得并不重。
（2）n.［U］（有形的）损失，破坏，损坏；损害，伤害；［pl.］损害赔偿金
suffer damage遭受损伤
do/cause damage to... 对……造成损害/破坏
You can't imagine the damage that the flood has done to our city.你无法想象这次
洪水对我们城市造成的破坏。
The woman got damages from the neighbor for the ruined garden fence.那位女士从
邻居那里得到了毁坏花园篱笆的赔偿。
1.语法填空
①(全国Ⅰ卷)I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing spiritual
damage ___ our children.
②(上海高考)David threatened to report his neighbour to the police if the
_________ were not paid.
to
damages
【解析】句意：大卫威胁说，他的邻居如果不赔偿损失，他就向警方举报他。此处
表示"损害赔偿金"，应用其复数形式。
2.完成句子
The reporter is interviewing ________________________________________________
_________________（一位房子在地震中严重受损的女士）.
a woman whose house was badly damaged in the earthquakedestroy
Point 3 （destroyed，destroyed）
教材语境 P49 2,400 homes destroyed 2 400所房屋被摧毁
用法详解destroy vt.破坏，摧毁，毁灭。有时也可引申为毁掉信仰、希望等。
be completely/totally destroyed 被彻底摧毁
destroy one's confidence/hope/life毁掉某人的信心/希望/生活
When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the
books，which are more precious to her than mountains of gold. 当战争临近，艾莉
雅担心战争之火会毁掉这些书，对她来说，这些书比大堆的金子更珍贵。
（链高考|浙江）
The wrong decision Adam made almost destroyed his life and all his hopes.亚当做
出的错误决定几乎毁了他的一生和所有的希望。
联想串记
相关词语积累：
1.用destroy的适当形式填空
①(2024·安徽宿州期中)____________ of the environment is one of the most serious
challenges we face.
②Earthquakes are among the most ___________natural disasters. They can strike
without warning.
③(2024·湖南郴州期末)It is reported that the hurricane ______________ 800 homes
and about 1 200 square kilometres of land.
Destruction
destructive
has destroyed
2.完成句子
①Mr Smith was caught in a rainstorm yesterday, and unfortunately______________
____________________________（他的新车被彻底毁掉了）.
②The incident________________________ （毁掉了他的自信）. It took him a long
time to cheer up.【答案解析】
his new car was completely/totally destroyed
destroyed his confidence
Point 4 affect
教材语境 P49 82 killed, 500,000 affected 82
人死亡，50万人受到影响
用法详解（1）vt.影响
I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality
of my life was affected.我感到很无助和不安全，因为我的生活质量受到了影响。
（链高考|2022·浙江1月）
（2）vt.（感情上）深深打动；使悲伤（或怜悯等）
be deeply affected by...被……深深打动；为……悲伤
People were deeply affected by the news of the famous scientist Yuan Longping's
death.著名科学家袁隆平去世的消息使人们悲伤不已。
（3）vt.（疾病）侵袭，使感染
The disease affects millions of people in the world every year.每年全世界有数百万
人感染这种疾病。
判断下列句子中affect的含义
1.Most people present at the meeting were affected by his speech
yesterday.__________
2.(浙江高考)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payment
may affect your credit（信用）.______
3.Mom's bad cold quickly spread and soon affected the rest of us at
home.________
深深打动
影响
使感染
Point 5 shelter
教材语境 P49 Shelters set up by the government政府建立的避难所
用法详解（1）n.［C］遮蔽物，庇难处；［C］收容所，庇护所；［U］避难，庇护；
居所
set up/put up shelters 建避难所
take shelter from ... 躲避……
under the shelter of ... 在……的庇护下
Our teacher tells us that it's dangerous to stand under the shelter of a tree when it
rains in summer.我们的老师告诉我们夏天下雨时躲在树底下是危险的。
（2）vt.保护，掩蔽； vi.躲避（风雨或危险）
shelter sb./sth.（from...）保护某人/某物（免受……）
shelter from...躲避……
We got lost in the desert and couldn't find a place to shelter ourselves from the
sandstorm.我们在沙漠里迷路了，而且找不到躲避沙暴的地方。
We sat in the shade, sheltering from the sun.我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。
结合shelter的用法完成句子
1.昨天我在一个公共汽车站避雨，那是一个很好的避雨处。
I ___________________________________________________________ at a bus stop
yesterday, which was _______________.
took shelter from the rain或sheltered （myself） from the rain
a good shelter
2.他们在体育馆为那些在大火中失去家园的人搭起了庇护所。
They ______________________ in the gym for people who lost their homes in the
big fire.
set up/put up shelters
Point 6 ruin
教材语境P50 ...a large city lay in ruins.……一座大城市沦为废墟。
用法详解（1）n.［C］［pl.］废墟，残垣断壁；［U］ 毁坏，毁灭
in ruins严重受损； 破败不堪
the ruins of... ……的遗迹
fall into ruin衰落;毁灭
A destructive 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck the country, leaving many cities in
ruins.那个国家发生了破坏性的 7.8级地震，致使许多城市成为废墟。
The ruins of the ancient city are of great cultural value for research in the future.
古城遗址对未来的研究具有重要的文化价值。
（2）vt. 毁坏，破坏
ruin one's health/fame/future 损害某人的健康/名誉/前途
Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day 谁还没有收
到过一封让人心烦到足以毁了一整天的邮件呢？（链高考|全国Ⅱ卷）
辨析比较
ruin/destroy/damage
易混词 区别
ruin vt.& n.使美好的事物失去优良的特性或特征，且不可修复。
The rainy weather lasted for a couple of days, completely ruining. .our
plan for a picnic.持续下了几天雨，这彻底破坏了我们的野餐计划。
damage vt. & n.多指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的事物，一般还可修
复。
The truck whose engine was damaged yesterday is being repaired in
the garage now.昨天发动机被损坏了的那辆卡车现在正在修理厂里修
理。
易混词 区别
destroy vt. 多指彻底的、毁灭性的破坏，往往不可或很难再修复
______________________。也可指毁掉某人（的信心、希望等）。
Before the firemen arrived, the whole building had already been
completely destroyed in the big fire.在消防队员到达之前，整栋大楼已
经在大火中被完全毁掉了。
I don't think his failure in physics can completely destroy his
confidence.我认为他在物理上的失败不会完全摧毁他的信心。
续表
1.语法填空
①When we got home after the heavy rain, our little garden was ___ ruins, plants
and flowers all damaged.
②The Sanxingdui______（ruin） belonged to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least
4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years.
③The empty house in the village fell _____ ruin without anyone living there.
in
ruins
into
2.选词填空：destroy/ruin/damage
①Thousands of houses _______________ seriously by the storm, and the repair
work would last half a month.
②One of my friends asked me to help him with his lessons this weekend, and this
_______ my plan.
③The new bridge was set up to replace（替换） the one which ______________
by floods.
were damaged
ruined
was destroyed
Point 7 shock
教材语境P50 People were in shock... 人们惊恐万状……
用法详解（1）n.［C，usually sing.,U］震惊，令人震惊的事物；
［U］休克
in shock 震惊,吃惊；处于休克状态
give sb. a shock使某人震惊
come as a shock （to sb.）（让某人）非常震惊
It gave us all a shock/It came as a shock to us when the quietest girl in our class
stood up and sang beautifully at the talent show.当我们班上最安静的女孩在才艺表
演中站起来并且唱歌很动听时，我们都大吃一惊。
（2）vt. 使震惊
. .
It shocked me to think how dangerous we had been.想到我们之前那么危险，我心
惊肉跳。
I was shocked to see so many valuable things on show in the museum. 看到博物
馆里展出这么多珍贵的东西，我感到很震惊。
联想串记
相关词语积累：
语境串记
It was shocking that Li Ming lost the football match yesterday, and all his fans
were also in shock.But what made them more shocked was that he didn't care
about it at all. 令人吃惊的是李明输掉了昨天的足球比赛，他所有的球迷们也都很
吃惊。但让他们更震惊的是，李明对此根本不在乎。
1.语法填空
①(浙江高考)I was _________ （shock）when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in
all that time.
②In my 40 years as a meteorologist （气象学家）, this is one of the most
__________（shock） weather events I've ever witnessed.
③(重庆高考)The parents were shocked ______ the news that their son needed an
operation（手术） on his knee. （同位语从句）
shocked
s2hocking
at/by
2.完成句子
①____________________________________________________（使我震惊的是）
my little sister learned to ride my bike so fast, without any help.
②If you are travelling where the customs are totally different from your own,you
may feel a______________（文化冲击）.
③Every student was_________（震惊）when hearing they would take a test on
Sunday instead of having a picnic.
It shocked me that或What made me shocked was that
culture shock
in shock
Points 8&9 trap，bury
教材语境P50 ...to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the
dead. ……将受困群众从废墟中挖出来，并掩埋了死者。
trap
用法详解（1）vt.（trapped, trapped）使陷入困境；使陷入圈套，使中计
be trapped in... 困在……中,陷入……（［近义短语］be/get stuck in... be/get caught in...）
trap sb. into （doing） sth.诱使某人（做）某事
A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the
mountains for two days.一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。
（链高考|北京）
（2）n. ［C］（捕捉动物的）陷阱； 圈套; ［usually sing.］困境
lay/set a trap for...为……设下陷阱
fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套
He was trying to decide whether the question was some sort of a trap.他试图判断
那个问题是不是个套。
By the time he realizes he has walked into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do
anything about it.当他意识到自己已经落入圈套时，做什么都已经为时过晚了。
1.判断下列句子中trap的词性及含义
①They walked in silence，their eyes on the ground, watching out for the traps set
by the illegal hunters.___________________________
②Without a map, they found themselves trapped in the forest, unable to find the
way out.______________
n.（捕捉动物的）陷阱，圈套
vt.使陷入困境
2.语法填空
①(天津市耀华中学模考)Think carefully before you answer questions online. You
may be trapped _____giving away very important personal information.
②After the earthquake,many people ______________（trap） in the ruins.
Fortunately, the soldiers soon came to their rescue.
into
were trapped
bury
用法详解（1）vt.埋葬；埋藏； 覆盖； 遮盖
bury...in...把……埋到……里
bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面
Unfortunately, the snowstorm has made thousands of sheep buried in the snow.不幸
的是，这场暴风雪已使成千上万只羊被埋在雪中。
Julie buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.当朱莉
听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
（2）vt.使陷入；掩藏（感情、错误等）
be buried in...=bury oneself in...（［近义］focus on, concentrate on等）专
心致志于……
The scientist buries himself in/is buried in his research and cares little about his
clothes and food.这位科学家埋头研究，很少关心自己的衣服和食物。
He had to bury his pain over the years so as not to make his parents worried.这么
多年来，他不得不把痛苦掩藏起来，以免让他的父母担心。
1.语法填空
They were shocked to find the painting _______（bury） under the ground for
many years in good condition.
buried
2.结合bury的用法完成句子
①The volcano erupted and the lava（岩浆） poured down the mountain,
_______________________（掩埋了几个村庄）.
②Then at last the tears came. The little girl sank into a chair and
____________________________ （双手掩面）.
③Mr Smith __________________________________________________________
（埋头于他的工作）,not even noticing that it was already midnight.
burying several villages
buried her face in her hands
（had） buried himself in his work或was buried in his work
Point 10 breathe
教材语境P50 Slowly, the city began to breathe again.慢慢地，这座城市又开始
恢复了生机。
用法详解breathe/bri: / vi.& vt.呼吸
breathe deeply深呼吸;深吸一口气
breathe in吸气；吸入
breathe out 呼气；呼出
The air is too cold for us to breathe.空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。
My brother breathed deeply before speaking again.我弟弟深深地吸了一口气，然后
继续说下去。
I opened the window to breathe in some fresh air.我打开窗户呼吸一些新鲜空气。
联想串记
相关词语积累：
完成句子
1.医生叫他先深吸气，然后慢慢呼气。
The doctor told him to ____________________________________________________.
breathe （in） deeply first and then breathe out slowly
2.我们到达了山顶，累得上气不接下气。
Tired and______________, we reached the top of the mountain.
out of breath
3.这个男孩深吸一口气，屏住呼吸跳入游泳池中。
The boy _________________________________________________, and then jumped
into the swimming pool.
took a deep breath/breathed deeply, held his breath
Point 11 effort
教材语境P50 With strong support from the government and the
tireless . .efforts of the city's people...在政府的大力支持以及市民的不懈努力
下……
用法详解（1）n.［C］ 尽力，艰难的尝试。其后常接动词不定式作后置定语。
make efforts/an effort（to do sth.）努力/尽力（做
某事）
make every effort to do sth.尽全力做某事
in an effort to do sth.为了做某事
With the efforts made by both sides, we began to understand each other better.在双
方的努力下，我们开始更加了解对方。（链高考|全国甲卷）
The school clubs are making every effort to attract more students. 学校社团正在尽
一切努力来吸引更多的学生。
In an effort to cheer him, I clapped my hands, saying, "That was great! You were
great!"为了鼓励他，我鼓掌说："太棒了!你很棒!"
（2）n.［U,C］气力，努力，费力的事
with/without effort费力地/毫不费力地
put effort into（doing） sth.努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事
be well worth the effort 非常值得
Ever since Jean came to China, she has shown great interest in Chinese culture and
has put a lot of effort into learning Chinese. 自从琼来到中国，她就对中国文化产
生了浓厚的兴趣，并努力学习中文。（新素材|文化自信·中文）
Mary's parents spared no effort to have her on her feet.为了使玛丽恢复健康，她的
父母想尽了办法。
It's a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort.登顶之路漫漫，虽然费力却
很值得。
1.语法填空
Managing the family budget（预算） must have been a very hard task, but my
mother made it look _________（effort）.
effortless
2.结合effort的用法完成句子
①尽管面临着许多挑战，但我没有放弃，而是尽全力实现我的梦想。
Though faced with many challenges, I didn't give up but_______________________
______________________________.
spared no effort/made every effort to realize my dream
②人生是一个奋斗的过程，没有人可以毫不费力地取得成功。
Life is a process of fighting and no one can achieve success ______________.
（读后续写之主旨升华句）
without effort
③为了赶上她的同班同学,简学习一直非常努力。
Jane has been studying very hard_____________________________her classmates.
in an effort to catch up with
Point 12 suffer
教材语境P51 ...though they were suffering from terrible injuries...……尽管他
们受了重伤……
用法详解（1）vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受折磨（常与from连用）
a serious illness 患重病
the loss of memory患失忆症
a headache/toothache受头疼/牙疼之苦
suffer from
Although Mary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her
enthusiasm for life. 玛丽尽管多年来一直遭受重病的折磨，但一点也没有失去对生
活的热情。
She has been suffering from the loss of memory since she had that car accident.自
那次车祸以来，她便患了失忆症。
（2）vt.遭受，蒙受（其后常跟抽象名词，相当于experience）
pain/hardship经历痛苦/困苦
a defeat/a loss/punishment遭受失败/损失/惩罚
Within a few days she had become seriously ill, suffering great pain and discomfort.
几天的时间，她就病得很严重了，疼痛难忍，周身不舒服。
suffer
联想串记
相关词语积累：
1.用suffer的适当形式填空
(新考向·语境中考查语言运用能力)It is shocking to see those patients _________
from poverty and diseases and we all want to do something to help those
_________ out of their ______________.
suffering
sufferers
suffering（s）
2.选择填空：suffer/suffer from
①(江苏高考)The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found _______________ early
Alzheimer's（阿尔兹海默症）.
suffering from
【解析】此处为"find+宾语+宾补"结构的被动式，且主语与suffer之间为逻辑上的主
谓关系，故用动词-ing形式。
②(天津高考)Six months after _________ our defeat on the spring practice field, we
won our first game and our second, and continued to improve.
suffering
【解析】句意：在春季训练场失利六个月后，我们赢得了第一场和第二场比赛，并
继续进步。
Point 13 as if引导从句的用法
教材语境P50 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末
日即将来临！
用法详解
含义 用法 例句
as if意为" 似乎，好 像",与as though同义 引导表语从句，常 置于系动词look、 seem、feel、sound 等之后 When fat and salt are removed from food, the
food tastes as if it is missing something. 当脂肪
和盐从食物中去除后，食物尝起来好像少了什么东
西。（链高考|全国Ⅰ卷）
引导方式状语从句 They look at me as if I came from another
planet. 他们看着我就好像我来自别的星球似的。
特别提醒
as if引导的从句一般用虚拟语气（注：表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况，动词
是be时，一般用were），但如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较
大，则用陈述语气。
My mother looks as if she were ten years younger.我妈妈看起来好像年轻了10岁。
（虚拟语气）
There are a lot of dark clouds in the sky. It seems as if it's going to rain.天上有
很多乌云，看起来好像要下雨。（陈述语气）
1.判断下列句子中as if引导的从句类型
①When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were
broken.__________
②He remembers everything of his childhood as if it happened just
now.______________
表语从句
方式状语从句
2.完成句子
①我们队又进了一球。看起来我们要赢得比赛了。
Our team has scored another goal. It looks ___________________________________.
as if we are going to win the game
②我们的外籍老师中文说得很流利，好像他是中国人一样。
Our foreign teacher speaks Chinese very fluently______________________.
as if he were Chinese
Point 14 "主语+be+adj.（+for sb.）+动词不定式"句型
教材语境P50 ①Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. 大多数桥
梁坍塌或无法安全通行。
②Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.水、食物和电难以获取。
用法详解
本句型常见 形容词 easy、 difficult、hard、impossible、interesting、pleasant、
comfortable、dangerous、heavy、safe、exciting等。
（还可用这些形容词的比较级或最高级形式）
注意 （1）动词不定式要用主动形式
（2）若动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后要加上相应的介词。
（3）动词不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并用for引出。
This shirt is comfortable to wear and easy to wash.这件衬衫穿起来很舒服，也很容
易洗。
The tough situation is really difficult for（for引出逻辑主语a beginner ）a beginner
to deal with（with不能少）.这种艰难的局面对新手来说真的很难应付。
语法填空
1.（全国Ⅰ卷）I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy
________（cook）.
2.Machines can perform many tasks which are impossible ____ people to finish.
3.I often miss Jack, an old friend of mine, who everyone thinks is pleasant to get
along______.
4.Last week, I bought a bed which was comfortable to sleep____.
to cook
for
with
on
学业质量测评
. .手写体的词汇为本单元复现词汇. .
A 基础练 知识巩固
Ⅰ 单词拼写（用本部分所学单词）
1.When a natural d_______ happens, it will cause the loss of people's life and
property（财产）.
2.Workers built s_______ for survivors whose homes had been d_________ in the
hurricane.
3.Very often we can know the meaning of a word by its c_______, instead of
referring to the dictionary.
isaster
helters
estroyed
ontext
4.(北京高考)Once the ________（损坏）is done, it will take many years for the
farmland to recover.
damage
5.(2024·浙江温州期末)Winds have knocked down several power lines, leaving
thousands of people without __________（电）.
electricity
6.(2024·江苏无锡检测)The reason why the Great Wall attracts tourists from all over
the world every year is that it represents the________（智慧）of Chinese in ancient
times.
wisdom
7.The patient was noticed__________（呼吸） hard and was rushed to the hospital.
8.We are interested in the weather because it _______ （影响） us so directly—
what we wear, what we do and even how we feel.
breathing
affects
Ⅱ 词形转换
1.________ vt.摧毁，毁灭 —__________n. 破坏者；毁灭者—___________n. 摧
毁— ___________adj. 引起破坏的
2._______vt. 使震惊 n.震惊，令人震惊的事物；休克—_________adj. 令人震惊的；
令人气愤的—_________adj. 震惊的；愤慨的
3.________adj. 用电的，电的—__________n. 电，电能
4.breath n.呼吸的空气 —________vt. & vi. 呼吸—__________adj. 气喘吁吁的
5.______ n.努力；艰难的尝试，尽力 —_________adj. 不需费力的，容易的
6._______vi. 受苦；vt. 遭受—________n. 受苦者—_________n. 疼痛；痛苦
destroy
destroyer
destruction
destructive
shock
shocking
shocked
electric
electricity
breathe
breathless
effort
effortless
suffer
sufferer
suffering
Ⅲ 语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.My dad often encourages me to get on and live my life rather than stay
trapped___sorrow（悲伤）.
2.________（bury） in doing research on wild plants, he seldom returned home.
3.Now more and more people from northeastern China flood_____Hainan to spend
winter there.
in
Buried
into
4.________________ a lot from a big earthquake, he knows the value of life
deeply. So he always donates food and clothes to those _________ from various
disasters, feeling great pity for their ______________. （suffer）
Having suffered
sufferers
suffering（s）
5.Wang Le was shocked ________（read） the news that a great earthquake struck
his hometown.
6.With a history of more than 2,000 years, some sections of the Great Wall are
now ___ruins or even have disappeared.
7.Firefighters have worked for two hours to rescue people______the burning
building.
8.Garbage sorting allows recycling factories to place all of the recyclable items
together, thus doing less damage ___ the environment.
to read
in
from
to
9.(2024·江苏扬州检测)The local community is making efforts _________ （solve）
the parking problem with new technologies.
to solve
10.If we let this situation go as it is, our environment will suffer great
___________ （destroy）.
destruction
Ⅳ 完成句子
1.如今，世界各地的人联系得越来越紧密，就好像世界变得越来越小。
Nowadays, people all over the world are becoming more and more connected,
______________________________________________.（as if）
as if the world were getting smaller and smaller
2.在这里新鲜空气呼吸起来很舒服，欣赏自然风光令人愉悦。
Here fresh air_________________________ and natural scenery__________________
_____.（主语+be+adj.+动词不定式）
is comfortable to breathe
is pleasant to enjoy
B 综合练 能力提升
阅读理解（语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与自然——为灾难中的幸存者提供烧
烤食物）
For many people, barbecues are a chance to enjoy a meal with their family
and friends. For Stan Hays, however, barbecuing becomes his skill to feed people
in need when the disaster happens.
The unique effort began in May, when a serious tornado hit Joplin, about two
hours' drive from Hays' home. His wife asked him to help. So, he put out the
word to his partners and headed there with his barbecue. "We thought we'd be
there three to four days, serving maybe 5,000 meals," Hays said. But the need was
there, so Hays and over 300 volunteers worked for 11 days to meet the need.
It was a life-changing experience for Hays, who had never organized any types
of large voluntary effort before. While preparing to head home, he and his friends
Will Cleaver and Jeff Stith came to the realization. "A barbecue community is able
to respond to disasters like this quickly," Hays said. "So, before we left, we put
forward a plan to create the Operation BBQ Relief."
During the last six years, the group has responded to almost 45 disasters
across the United States, including Hurricanes Harvey and Irma and the wildfires in
northern California. More than 6,800 volunteers have joined the effort, and the
group often partners other organizations to serve the meals.
"Barbecues are comfort food," Hays said."If you just lost your house or a
loved one, getting a hot meal would remind you of the barbecues you had in the
backyard and make you forget about the bad things in your life. That's worth it to
me."
本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了在Hays为一次龙卷风后的幸存者提供烧烤食物后，他
和同伴们成立了Operation BBQ Relief，去帮助灾难中的幸存者，为他们提供热腾腾
的烧烤食物。
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 2 ( )
D
A.Volunteers couldn't meet the requirements.
B.Meals were far from enough for the sufferers.
C.Hays' home was seriously damaged by the tornado.
D.The need for food was beyond Hays' expectations.
【解析】推理判断题。由第二段中的"‘We thought we'd be there three to four days,
serving maybe 5,000 meals,' Hays said. But the need was there, so Hays and over
300 volunteers worked for 11 days to meet the need "可知，原本准备待上三到四
天的Hays最终待了十一天来满足需求，说明灾难之后，人们对食物的需求远远超出
了Hays的想象。
2.What made Hays create the Operation BBQ Relief ( )
C
A.His friends' suggestion.
B.His preference for barbecues.
C.His voluntary activity in Joplin.
D.His cooperation with other organizations.
【解析】细节理解题。由第三段中的"It was a life-changing experience for Hays,
who had never organized any types of large voluntary effort before"（这对Hays来
说是一次改变生活的经历，他以前从未组织过任何类型的大型志愿活动）和"So,
before we left, we put forward a plan to create the Operation BBQ Relief"可知，
Hays在Joplin的志愿救灾经历让他成立了Operation BBQ Relief这个组织。
3.Which word best describes Hays ( )
A
A.Warm-hearted. B.Strong-willed. C.Broad-minded. D.Good-tempered.
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，Hays积极去做志愿者帮助处于灾难中的人，
并成立一个组织给灾难中的幸存者提供食物，由此可推知，他是热心肠的
（Warm-hearted）人。
4.What's the best title for the text ( )
D
A.The Bright Future of Barbecues
B.Barbecues: the Best Comfort Food
C.The Role of Barbecues in Voluntary Activities
D.When Disasters Fall, They Bring Barbecues
【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知，在Hays为一次龙卷风后的幸存者提供烧烤食
物后，他和同伴们成立了Operation BBQ Relief，去帮助灾难中的幸存者，为他们提
供热腾腾的烧烤食物，D项"当灾难降临时，他们会带来烧烤"最能概括全文内容。
核心词汇 barbecue / bɑ:b kju:/n. （abbr. BBQ）户外烧烤 vt.& vi.（在烤架上）烧烤
put out the word 发布消息
come to the realization 逐渐认识到 respond to 响应 put forward提出 comfort food
n.安慰食物
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事/物 far from远非……，完全不…… beyond sb.'s
expectations 超出某人的预期 cooperation /k p re n/ n.合作
熟词生义partner vt. 成为搭档，合伙
合成构词 strong-willed adj. 意志坚强的 broad-minded adj.心胸开阔的 good-
tempered adj. 好脾气的
图解秒懂
Para.5 . .If you ... loved one（If引导的条件状语从句） , . .getting a hot meal. .
（动词-ing短语作主语） would remind you of the barbecues . .you had in the
backyard（省略关系词that/which的定语从句,修饰barbecues） and . .make. .
（与remind并列） you forget about the bad things in your life.
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