Unit 4 单元专项提升 2024-2025学年高中英语版必修第一册人教版 课件
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| 名称 | Unit 4 单元专项提升 2024-2025学年高中英语版必修第一册人教版 课件 |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.4MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-10-20 17:49:47 | ||
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UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
单元专项提升
英语版必修第一册人教版
单元语法归纳
巧梳理·知识框图
挖教材·语法示例
用适当的关系代词完成下列教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征
1.Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of
the 20th century had begun, a quake ___________ even caused damage more than
150 kilometres away in Beijing.
which/that
2.Two thirds of the people _________ lived there were dead or injured.
3.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out
those _____ were trapped and to bury the dead.
4.Workers built shelters for survivors _______ homes had been destroyed.
who/that
who
whose
细归纳 语法精讲
限制性定语从句（Ⅰ）——关系代词
知识点1 限制性定语从句的基本概述
限制性定语从句（restrictive relative clause）指修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从
句,对所修饰的对象加以限制，表示"……的（人）"或"……的（物）"。从句不可去
掉，一旦去掉主句的意思则不完整。 被修饰的名词、 代词或名词短语称为先行词。
引导定语从句的词被称为关系词， 关系词包含关系代词和关系副词两类。
知识点2 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词替代指人或物的先行词并在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
常用的关系代词有who、whom、whose、which、that、as等（本单元讲前五个关系代
词的用法）。
关系代 词 先行词 关系代词在 从句中作的 成分 例句 注意
who 指人 主语或宾语 ______ Here comes the girl who（在从句中作 主语） wants to see you.想见你的那个女 孩过来了。 ______ She wants to find the kid （who） （在从句中作宾语，可省略。） she met yesterday.她想找到昨天她遇 见的那个孩子。 作宾
语时
一般
可省
略
关系代 词 先行词 关系代词在 从句中作的 成分 例句 注意
whom 指人 宾语 ______ Rose is the person whom （在从句中作宾语，可用who或that 代替，也可省略。） you should look after.罗斯是你应该照顾的人。 ______ When I have trouble, he is the only one to whom（前有介词to,不 能用who或that代替，也不可省 略。） I can go for help. 当我有 困难时，他是我唯一可以求助的 人。 可省略，也
可用who或
that代替。
若whom前
有介词，则
不能用who
或that代
替，也不可
省略
续表
关系代 词 先行词 关系代词在 从句中作的 成分 例句 注意
whose 指人或物 定语 ______ They rushed over to help the man whose. .（指人，在从句中作定 语。）car had broken down.那个人 的车坏了，他们都冲过去帮忙。 ______ Please pass me the book whose （指物，在从句中作定语。） cover is green.请递给我那本绿色封皮的 书。 /
续表
关系代 词 先行词 关系代词在 从句中作的 成分 例句 注意
which 一般指物 主语或宾语 ______ China is a country which （在从句中作主语） has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国 家。 ______ The package （which） （在从句中作宾语，可省略。） you are carrying is about to fall.你 拿的包裹快掉了。 作宾语时一
般可省略
续表
关系代词 先行词 关系代词在 从句中作的成分 例句 注意
that 指人或物 主语、宾语 或表语 ______ The number of people. .that（在从句中作主语,指人，可用who替代。） come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 ______ The chair that（在从句中作宾 语，可省略。） you broke yesterday is now being repaired.你 昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在被修 理。 ______ Our school is no longer the place that（在从句中作表语） it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的 那所学校了。 作宾语时一
般可省略，
指人时一般
可用who替
代，指物时
一般可用
which替代
续表
1.关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句
中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
你昨天借我的那本书十分有趣。
［误］The book （that/which） you lent to me yesterday is very interesting.
［正］The book （that/which） you lent to me yesterday is very interesting.
2.关系代词用作介词的宾语。在正式场合,介词可以置于关系代词前,这种情况下关系
代词不可省略，也不可以用that或who代替。
［注意］固定短语中的介词不能前置到关系代词前。
Is this the magazine about which（which不能省略，不可用that替换。） you were
talking just
now =Is this the magazine （which/that）you were talking about just now 这就是
你刚才谈论的那本杂志吗
You are the very person （whom/that） we are looking for.你就是我们要找的人。
3.当先行词是way并且定语从句要表示"以……的方式"时，定语从句常用that或in
which引导，that可以省略。
我喜欢她微笑的样子。
I like the way （that）she smiles.
I like the way in which she smiles.
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(2022·全国乙卷)A doctor tells me people_________ live the longest are dancers
and cyclists.
who/that
【解析】空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people, 指人，且从句中缺少主语，故填
who/that。
2.(2023·全国乙卷)The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a
woman _______ hair color looked just perfect.
whose
【解析】此处表示这个盒子上有一位女士的照片，她头发的颜色看上去很完美。
"____ hair color looked just perfect"是定语从句，空处在定语从句中作定语，故填
whose。
3.(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place
___________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
which/that
【解析】句意：但是，除了所有的古建筑外，北京也是一个欢迎快节奏发展的现代
生活的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词"a place"，指物，
从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which或that。
知识点3 关系代词的选择
关系代词 情况 例句
宜用that 不用 which 当先行词是all、much、 anything、 something、everything、 nothing、little、none、few 等不定代词时 She told me. .everything that she knew.她把
她所知道的一切都告诉了我。
当先行词被序数词或形容 词最高级修饰时 This is the most exciting football game that
I have seen so far.这是我目前看过的最激动
人心的足球比赛。
关系代词 情况 例句
宜用that 不用 which 当先行词指物且被all、 no、few、any、little （少）、some、much、 last、only、very等修饰时 I've read all the books that were borrowed
from others.我已经读了从别人那儿借来的所
有的书。
当先行词既有人又有物时 I can well remember the people and some
pictures that. .I saw in the room.我能清楚地
记得我在那个房间里所见到的人和一些照
片。
续表
关系代词 情况 例句
宜用 who/ whom不用that 当先行词是指人的代词 he、they、anyone、 anybody、 everyone、 everybody、 someone、 somebody等，或先行词为 指人的one、those时，定语 从句多用who/whom引导 He who does not advance fails.［谚］不进
则退。
The student you should learn from is
the. .one who works hard and studies well.你
应该向那个学习努力而且学习好的学生学
习。
续表
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)That's how I was trained at university. I work on anything
_____excites me.
that
【解析】空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词anything，anything为不定代词，故用that引
导定语从句。
2.(全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall _____ has survived
China's long history.
that
【解析】句意：西安城墙是中国历史上保存最完整的城墙。先行词为city wall，由
形容词最高级the most complete修饰，常用that引导定语从句。
3.（全国Ⅲ卷）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food_____ is
provided by Mom with appreciation.
that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为the food,
且被all修饰，故定语从句要用that引导。
4.(新高考Ⅰ卷)People want to listen to someone_____is interesting, relaxed and
comfortable.
who
【解析】句意：人们想听有趣的、放松的、舒适的人说话。分析句子结构可知，空
处在此引导定语从句，先行词someone指人，并且从句缺少主语。故填关系代词who。
知识点4 定语从句中的主谓一致
一般情况下，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的人称和数一般
与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
The books that were sold out in two weeks were all written by Tom.两周内卖光
的那些书都是汤姆写的。
I'm fond of the piece of music which was played by Jenny.我喜欢珍妮弹的那首曲
子。
1."the only one of the +名词复数"后的定语从句谓语用单数，因为定语从句的先行
词为"the only one"。
2."one of the +名词复数"后的定语从句谓语多用复数，即以"名词复数"为定语从句
的先行词。
Jogging may be the only one of the five sports that is suitable for Bob. 慢跑可能
是这五项运动中唯一适合鲍勃的运动。
Jogging is one of the five sports that are suitable for Bob. 慢跑是适合鲍勃的五项
运动中的一项。
语法练 专项提升
Ⅰ 语法填空
1.(北京高考)The little problems___________we meet in our daily lives may be
inspirations for great inventions.
that/which
【解析】句意：在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。空处
引导的定语从句修饰先行词The little（小） problems，先行词指物，定语从句中缺
少宾语，故填that/which。
2.Happiness and success often come to those_____are good at recognizing their own
strengths.
who
【解析】句意：幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识自己长处的人。空处引导的定语
从句修饰先行词those，先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填who。
3.(全国Ⅲ卷)Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a
large bag of toys to a little girl_______mother was unable to pay for her holiday
due to illness.
whose
【解析】句意：由于我们的努力，我们的女儿Georgia真的决定把一大袋玩具捐给一
个小女孩，这个小女孩的妈妈因为生病而支付不起她的假期费用。空处引导的定语
从句修饰先行词a little girl，关系词在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，故填whose。
4.The young athlete is the only one of the three athletes that ____________
（expect） to win the game.
is expected
【解析】句意：这名年轻的运动员是三名运动员中唯一一名有望赢得这场比赛的。
that引导的定语从句修饰先行词the only one，故从句的谓语动词用单数；又the only
one与动词expect为动宾关系，空处应用被动语态；再结合主句中的谓语动词is可知，
空处填is expected。
5.(上海南洋模范中学期中)This is the most exciting film _____ I have ever seen.
that
【解析】空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词film，关系词在从句中作宾语，先行词由形
容词最高级修饰，故用that引导。
6.The writer and his novel _____ you have just talked about are really well known.
that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处指代The writer and his novel,在从句中作宾语，
先行词既有人又有物，故填that。
7.He is an expert on rice planting from _______ the local Zhuang people have
learnt a lot.
whom
【解析】此处从句中的from被提至关系词前，空处指人，作from的宾语，故填whom。
learn sth. from sb."向某人学习某事物"。
8.The first place _____ they visited in London is Big Ben.
that
【解析】句意：他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。分析句子结构并结合句意
可知，空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词为place且由序数词first修饰，
所以用that引导该从句。
9.(哈尔滨市第六中学月考)In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to
_______ she could turn for help.
whom
【解析】句意：在黑暗的街道上，她没有一个人可以求助。分析句子结构并结合句
意可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为person，指人，在从句中作介词to的宾语，故应
用关系代词whom引导从句。
10.The author _______________ you criticized in your review has written a reply.
whom/who/that
【解析】句意：你在评论中批评的那位作者已经回复了。空处在此引导定语从句，
修饰先行词The author（指人），定语从句中缺少宾语，故填whom/who/that。
11.Anyone_____ enters the school must show his or her identity card.
who
【解析】句意：任何进入学校的人都必须出示身份证。空处引导的定语从句修饰先
行词Anyone，从句中缺少主语。当someone、somebody、anyone、anybody、
everyone、everybody等不定代词作先行词时,定语从句多用who引导。
12.（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）As an artist _________ shares her journey on social media,
I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.
who/that
【解析】句意：作为一名在社交媒体上分享艺术之旅的艺术家，我经常被好奇的粉
丝问到如何开始一段艺术之旅。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰an
artist，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词who/that。
Ⅱ 用定语从句合并下列每组句子
1.I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
_______________________________________________________
I have a friend that/who likes listening to classical music.
2.Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.
_______________________________________________________
Last week Mary wore the dress that/which I gave to her.
3.They live in a room. Its window faces south.
______________________________________________
They live in a room whose window faces south.
4.She wants to visit the village. Her mother likes it best.
_______________________________________________________________
She wants to visit the village （that/which） her mother likes best.
5.The man has left for New York. You borrowed the camera from him.
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
The man from whom you borrowed the camera has left for New York.或The man whom you borrowed the camera from has left for New York.
写作方法指导
如何写新闻报道的概要
新闻报道是典型的应用文体裁。一般来说，新闻有六要素，即：人物（who）、
事件（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（why）、过程（how）。如
果把这六要素串联起来，概括成一句话，就能简洁地概括新闻报道的内容了。
概要写作是对学生综合能力的考查。它既考查学生对文章的理解和概括能力,又
考查学生在限定词汇内的表述能力。
1.审题方面要注意以下几点：
（1）注意新闻报道的标题、导语和结语，快速把握新闻报道的主要内容，找出
新闻的六要素。
（2）以自然段为概括的基础。大多数情况下,一个自然段自成一个要点。但有
时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。以自然段为基础进行
概括会避免遗漏信息并帮助我们找出主要信息。
2.语言表达方面要注意以下几点：
（1）使用正确的人称和时态。概要的人称和时态要与新闻报道保持一致，即用
第三人称，以一般过去时为主，对现在事实的描述可用一般现在时，对事件的预测
可用一般将来时。
（2）概括时要注意包含关键的支撑性信息，过于细节的信息需要略过。
（3）核心词不必替换。新闻报道中会出现一些核心词,写概要时这些词不必替换。
（4）根据要点，转换表达。通过同义转换、句子重构等方法，酌情选择从句、
非谓语等结构将原文的要点连贯地组织起来。（句子不可过长,也不要使用太过复杂
的结构。）
原词 同义替换词
crash into hit、strike
be expected to be predicted（预测）to
said described、stated（陈述）
cause lead to、result in、bring about
difficult challenging
many numerous、plenty of、a good/great many、a （large）
number of/（large） numbers of
bad negative（坏的）、serious
good excellent、outstanding（杰出的）
原词 同义替换词
big huge、large、giant（巨大的）、vast（巨大的）、massive
（巨大的）
different various、a variety of
interesting amusing
brave courageous
more than over
rich wealthy
续表
（5）有效使用衔接词，确保行文连贯。
并列 关系 and、or、also、too、as well、both...and...、either...or...
递进 关系 what's more、besides、in addition（此外）、furthermore/moreover
（再者）、not only...but also...
转折 关系 but、however、though
顺序 关系 first、first of all、to begin with、second、finally、last but not least
因果 关系 because、because of、owing to （因为）、due to（由于）、as a result
of、consequently （结果）、as a result、thus/therefore （所以）
归纳 总结 on the whole、in a word/in conclusion/ in summary/in short、to summarize
续表
巧运用 典例详析
概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
An 8.2-magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northwestern Chile late on
April 2, 2014, cutting the power off and leading to landslides and a tsunami. Four
men and one woman died—two suffered heart attacks and three were crushed to
death（压死）. About 300 prisoners escaped from the northern port city of Iquique.
The quake struck at about 7:46 a.m. Beijing time, some 60 miles northwest of
Iquique. Chile's National Emergency Office asked coastal residents（居民） to leave
for safe places. "The fact is that we will know the extent of the damage as time
goes by and when we inspect（查看） the areas in the light of day," Michelle
Bachelet said early on that day. "The country has faced these first emergency hours
very well."
Residents in the port city of Antofagasta walked calmly through the streets to
higher ground as the traffic became heavy in some places. "Many people are
fearful after experiencing the powerful earthquake in 2010, so they immediately
rushed to higher ground when they heard the tsunami warning," said a government
official."There have been lots of aftershocks and communications have been cut off
in many of the earthquake-hit areas. So people are waiting in the dark hills, not
knowing what is to come, and hoping they will be able to return to their homes
safely."
Tsunami waves of more than six feet caused by the earthquake washed ashore
on the coast of Iquique, with a population of more than 200,000 seeing seven-foot
waves.
__________________________________
A 教你审题
本文是一篇关于地震、海啸的新闻报道。在进行概要写作时要突出主题和关键
细节信息，同时注意人称、时态和新闻的语言特点。人称：第三人称为主；时态：
一般过去时为主。
分析本篇新闻报道的要素：
what An 8.2-magnitude earthquake
when at about 7:46 a.m. Beijing time on April 2, 2014
where off the coast of northwestern Chile
how ①cutting off the power
②causing landslides and a tsunami
③the death of five people
④lots of aftershocks
⑤cutting off communications
⑥residents left for safe places
B 教你成篇
An 8.2-magnitude earthquake hit off the coast of northwestern Chile at about 7：
46 a. m. Beijing time on April 2, 2014, leading to five deaths（动词-ing短语作结
果状语）. Chile treated the first emergency hours well and residents moved to
safety. Followed by landslides, aftershocks and a tsunami（动词-ed短语作伴随状
语）, the earthquake made power and communications cut off（"make+宾语+宾补
（动词-ed）"结构） in many earthquake-stricken areas.
［名师点评］本文简明扼要地交代了地震发生的时间、地点、伤亡情况（要点一），
震后人们的反应（要点二），以及地震带来的影响：电力和通讯中断、余震频发、
海啸侵袭（要点三）。
新闻导语虽揭示新闻的核心内容，但并未涵盖新闻的所有信息，需要学生自己
对信息进行分类组合。本文第一句略微改动了新闻的导语，交代了what，
when,where及伤亡情况。第二句提炼于新闻报道的第二段，介绍震后人们的反应。
第三句将地震带来的影响进行分类组合。
提能力 迁移训练
概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
On July 15,2014, Fenghuang Ancient Town, one of China's most well-known
ancient towns, was under water as heavy rain hit the center of the county, forcing
tens of thousands of people into leaving the area. Heavy rain and floods lasted for
a few days. Water in the nearby Tuojiang River rose above the warning level
（警戒水位） due to heavy rainstorms. More than 120,000 locals and tourists were
helped to leave there because of the terrible disaster. And more than 4,000 shops in
the town were shut. Several bridges over the Tuojiang River were damaged or
destroyed. Water flowed into many bars, restaurants and hotels in this ancient town,
and electricity there was cut off. About 128,000 people were affected by the floods.
Though the heavy rain stopped, the popular tourist spot（旅游景点） remained
closed for people's safety.
A shoe shop owner Mr Kuang said the flood was the worst one that the town
had experienced. "The floods came so quickly that I didn't have time to move the
shoes," he said sadly.
"The flood has led Fenghuang Ancient Town to become a water town," a user
said in a post on a discussion page on the topic set up on Sina Weibo."We could
only live in an old factory now where many homeless people have to stay together.
The crowded space is full of sadness," a victim said.
____________________________________________________________________________
Fenghuang Ancient Town was flooded due to heavy rain which lasted for
a few days, making about 128,000 people affected. （要点1） The flood caused
over 120,000 people to leave, over 4,000 shops to be shut and some bridges to
be damaged or destroyed, and a power failure occurred. （要点2） The tourist
spot was still closed while the heave rain stopped. （要点3）
高考题型突破
真题在线 完形填空
A
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country
race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41（finished） the course earlier
than she did. Her 42（delay ） came because she was carrying a 43（competitor）
across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way
through her. .44. . when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.
44.( ) A.race B.school C.town D.training
A
B
(2023·全国乙卷)As it turned out , Douglas did 50（exactly） what she
needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51（defeated ） two
Russians. The Chinese coach 52（transformed ） Douglas into one of the best
gymnasts in the 53（world）， helping her skyrocket from an 54（average ）
member of the national team to the top of the sport. By . .55. . the Olympic all-
around title , she became the first black woman to do so.
55.( ) A.clarifying B.defending C.winning D.demanding
C
C
(2023·全国甲卷)But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 46（worried）
because they were so misshapen : not at all like the nice, round, 47（shiny）
things you get in a supermarket...
What we discovered is that it's 51（unwise） to judge what you eat only
by its 52（appearance）. Those tomatoes had a . .53. . that reminded me of the
ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket
tomatoes. .54. . perfect but taste of water.
53.( ) A.size B.shape C.color D.taste
D
54.( ) A.smell B.look C.become D.work
B
词语摘抄
①course n.［C］ 熟词生义 跑道
②delay /d le / n.［C,U］延期，耽搁，延误
③turn out 原来是，证明是，结果是
④defeat /d fi:t/ vt.击败，战胜 n.［U,C］失败，挫败
⑤transform /tr ns f :m/ vt.使改观；使改变形态
⑥skyrocket/ ska r k t/ vi.猛涨，剧增
⑦average / v r d / adj.普通的，平常的，一般的
⑧title n.［C］ 熟词生义 冠军
⑨clarify / kl r fa / vt.阐明,澄清
⑩defend /d fend/ vt.& vi.保卫；防守；vt.为……辩解
demand/d mɑ:nd/ vt.强烈要求
misshapen / m s e p n/ adj.畸形的，扭曲变形的
judge /d d /vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断
remind sb. of sb./sth. 使某人想起相似的人或物
通方法 解题指导
如何利用关键词提示解答完形填空
完形填空题所选语篇材料一般以记叙文、夹叙夹议文为主，兼顾说明文和议论
文。其文章都是围绕一个话题展开的语篇，在逻辑关系和意义上前后贯通，因此在
行文中不可避免地会出现词语的同义词、反义词、指代词、上义词、下义词以及词
汇的复现等。根据这个原则，学生在答题时应联系上下文，寻找对设空处有提示作
用的关键信息，找到关键词，从而确定最佳答案。下面我们以表格形式列举如何利
用该方法解答上面完形填空中的几个题：
题号 答案 判断依据
2023· 新课标 Ⅰ卷 44 A.race 结合上文提到的"a cross-country race"和本空前的"Bailey
was more than two-thirds of the way"可知,本题选race。
本题是借助"原词复现"现象来解的。
2023· 全国乙 卷 55 C.winning 上文提到的"champion""51（ defeated） two Russians"
"one of the best gymnasts"等关键词都暗示她获得了奥运
会全能冠军。winning 实际上是该语篇的话题核心词的复
现。
题号 答案 判断依据
2023· 全国甲 卷 53 D.taste 由上文中的" looked at""misshapen"及下文中的"taste"可
知，此处谈论的是西红柿的外观和味道。结合第51空所
在句及下文中的"but taste of water"可知本题选D项。
54 B.look 由上文中提到的"not at all like the nice,round,47
（shiny） things you get in a supermarket"可知，此句描
述的是超市里西红柿的样子，故本空选look。从意义与逻
辑上来说, nice、round、shiny都是看起来（look）西红柿
所呈现的样子。
续表
提能力 迁移训练
完形填空
Talent can come from anywhere and anyone. Whether he has majored in art or
has been blessed with a talent from birth, any artist should be able to . .1. . his gift
with the world.
That's. .2. . what Liz Powers decided to do when she, her brother, and four local
artists founded ArtLifting. This organization helps . .3. . artists achieve financial
independence by selling their works on ArtLifting's website. Though the website
features 145 artists at present, when Powers first . .4. . to shine a spotlight on
undiscovered talent, she wasn't expecting to make such a（n） . .5. ..
Powers was. .6. . to find that many artistically gifted people were. .7. . simple
shelters. When they created art, it ended up in shelter basements. She understood
that for many of these artists,. .8. . could provide income. They had the talent; what
they . .9. . was a way to make it known to the world. Therefore, Powers decided to
set up an online . .10. .. It would create a real . .11. . between the artists and
consumers who wanted original pieces for their walls.
Today, ArtLifting is in 19 cities around the US,. .12. . artists and bringing their
stories and . .13. . to walls around the country. Historically, artists' works were
usually displayed in museums. But now we find that talent can be shown in . .14. .
forms. ArtLifting not only sells impressive pieces; it also helps artists . .15. . what
anyone deserves: independence, freedom and respect.
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Liz Powers和她的同伴们创办了ArtLifting，
帮助那些无家可归的艺术家售卖作品，使他们能够经济独立并获得自由和尊重。
1.( ) A.mix B.share C.trade D.exchange
B
【解析】根据语境可知，此处是固定搭配"share...with..."，表示任何艺术家都能
够与世界分享他的天赋。
2.( ) A.hardly B.normally C.exactly D.accidentally
C
【解析】根据下文中的"This organization helps...their works on ArtLifting's
website"可知，ArtLifting网站帮助艺术家们出售作品，所以与世界分享艺术家的天赋
正是（exactly） Liz Powers创办ArtLifting的目的。
3.( ) A.shy B.polite C.busy D.homeless
D
【解析】根据下文中的"Powers was...simple shelters"可知，Powers帮助的是那些住
在收容所里的穷困潦倒的艺术家。由关键词simple shelters可知，此处应选D项。
4.( ) A.volunteered B.preferred C.decided D.applied
C
【解析】此处表示最初，当Powers决定使公众注意到那些未被发现的天赋时，她没
有预料到会带来如此大的影响，decide符合语境。
5.( ) A.impact B.impression C.contribution D.donation
A
【解析】参见上题解析。impression"印象"；contribution"贡献"；donation"捐献"。
6.( ) A.scared B.delighted C.ashamed D.shocked
D
【解析】结合常识可知，Powers看到许多有艺术天赋的人住在收容所，应该感到震
惊，所以她才创办了ArtLifting来帮助他们。
7.( ) A.searching for B.setting up C.staying in D.going through
C
【解析】参见上题解析。且下文中的关键词shelter basements暗示着他们是住在这里。
8.( ) A.preparations B.experiences C.competitions D.creations
D
【解析】根据上文中的"This organization helps 3（homeless）...ArtLifting's
website"可知，正是因为Powers明白创作可以带来收入，所以她才创立ArtLifting帮助
被埋没的艺术家卖作品。其中关键词financial independence对应该空后的provide
income。
9.( ) A.received B.needed C.minded D.promised
B
【解析】此处表示这些被埋没的艺术家所需要的是让世人知道其天赋的途径。B项符
合语境。
10.( ) A.market B.club C.office D.school
A
【解析】根据上下文可知，Powers建立ArtLifting就是为了给艺术家和消费者提供在
线买卖市场。
11.( ) A.comparison B.similarity C.connection D.gap
C
【解析】根据上下文可知，Powers创立的ArtLifting就是为了建立艺术家和消费者之
间的联系。
12.( ) A.teaching B.supporting C.pitying D.protecting
B
【解析】根据上文可知，ArtLifting帮助艺术家出售作品，所以它是为艺术家提供帮助。
13.( ) A.adventures B.dreams C.pleasures D.artworks
D
【解析】根据"to walls around the country"可知，挂墙上的应该是他们的艺术品。
14.( ) A.familiar B.regular C.different D.popular
C
【解析】根据上文中的"Historically, artists' works were usually displayed in
museums"可知，此处表示现在与过去不一样，天赋可以以不同的形式展现出来。
15.( ) A.achieve B.require C.judge D.admit
A
【解析】根据上文可知，ArtLifting帮艺术家出售作品，从而让他们有收入，进而获
得独立、自由和尊重。
微专题 新题型专练
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的
短文。
(2024· 湖南师大附中期中)Growing up, I wanted to be just like my mom. She
was kind and caring, and always made people comfortable in her presence. For
years she was a volunteer in our community. I loved going to the local nursing
home to help with her when I was a child. However, once I became a teenager, I
was too caught up in my adolescent world to worry about helping others.
One particular summer day when I was 12, Mom came into my room and told
me to get up and meet her at the car. But I had planned to spend the day at the
lake with my friends. Why did she have to ruin everything At last, I made my
way outside with my mother. Angry and annoyed, I climbed into the car and shut
the door loudly. I sat in silence, too upset to talk. "Tasha, do you know where we
are going " Mom asked calmly. I remained silent. "Sweetheart, we're going to the
children's shelter. I have been there before and I think it would benefit you," she
explained.
I felt a confusion slowly formed in my heart. How was I supposed to help
there
When we reached the shelter, I was rather surprised. As we approached the
front door, wind-bells played a calming tune while trees and flowers welcomed us.
Maybe this wasn't going to be so.
Mom rang the doorbell. We were led to the front room, where all of the
children were playing. Toys were spread out across the floor. I noticed a baby
whose body was seriously wounded. Most of the children had noticeable physical
scars. What a terrible life they must had had before they moved here! My heart
sank. As I was looking around, I felt a gentle pull on my shirt.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
I looked down to find a little girl with brown eyes looking up at me.
I returned to the shelter with Mom several times.
故事 梗概 本文以时间为线索展开，以第一人称讲述了Tasha希望自己长大之后像妈妈
一样，性格温和、乐于助人。然而，她进入青春期后情况就有所不同了。在
她12岁时的夏天，妈妈叫她和自己一起去一个儿童收容所，因为之前和朋友
约好去湖边玩，Tasha开始时很不乐意，但最后还是很勉强地听从了妈妈的
安排。到了目的地之后，Tasha很惊讶，在那里她看到了许多曾经遭受苦难
的孩子,她的心情立刻沉了下来，这时她感到她的衬衫被人轻轻地拽了一
下……
情节线 情感线
结构 Para.1：The background of the story When I was a child， I loved going to the local nursing home to help with my mom. My mother was a volunteer in our community.
（proud）
→Mom asked me to meet her at the car.
（angry, annoyed,upset）
→Mom would take me to the children's shelter.
（unsatisfied, confused）
→Most of the children had noticeable scars.
（sympathetic,surprised）
A little girl with brown eyes looked up at me.
（surprised moved or…）
I returned to the shelter with my mum several times.
（happy grateful or…）
续表
情节线 情感线
结构 Paras.2-3： Before we went to the shelter After I became a teenager, I was unwilling to help others with my mom, but still went to the shelter with her. My mother was a volunteer in our community.
（proud）
→Mom asked me to meet her at the car.
（angry, annoyed,upset）
→Mom would take me to the children's shelter.
（unsatisfied, confused）
→Most of the children had noticeable scars.
（sympathetic,surprised）
A little girl with brown eyes looked up at me.
（surprised moved or…）
I returned to the shelter with my mum several times.
（happy grateful or…）
续表
情节线 情感线
结构 Paras.4-5： When we reached the shelter I was shocked. As I was looking around, my heart sank. My mother was a volunteer in our community.
（proud）
→Mom asked me to meet her at the car.
（angry, annoyed,upset）
→Mom would take me to the children's shelter.
（unsatisfied, confused）
→Most of the children had noticeable scars.
（sympathetic,surprised）
A little girl with brown eyes looked up at me.
（surprised moved or…）
I returned to the shelter with my mum several times.
（happy grateful or…）
续表
情节线 情感线
续写 方向 Para.1 I looked down to find a little girl with brown eyes looking up at me.（段首句） My mother was a volunteer in our community.
（proud）
→Mom asked me to meet her at the car.
（angry, annoyed,upset）
→Mom would take me to the children's shelter.
（unsatisfied, confused）
→Most of the children had noticeable scars.
（sympathetic,surprised）
A little girl with brown eyes looked up at me.
（surprised moved or…）
I returned to the shelter with my mum several times.
（happy grateful or…）
→预测情节，问题引领： ①Who was the girl？ ②What would the girl say？ ③What would I respond to her？ 续表
情节线 情感线
续写 方向 Para.2 I returned to the shelter with Mom several times. （段首句） My mother was a volunteer in our community.
（proud）
→Mom asked me to meet her at the car.
（angry, annoyed,upset）
→Mom would take me to the children's shelter.
（unsatisfied, confused）
→Most of the children had noticeable scars.
（sympathetic,surprised）
A little girl with brown eyes looked up at me.
（surprised moved or…）
I returned to the shelter with my mum several times.
（happy grateful or…）
→预测情节，问题引领： ①Did I meet the girl again？ ②What would I do in the shelter？ ③How did I feel during these experiences？ ④What did I learn from the experience 续表
I looked down to find a little girl with brown eyes looking up at me. Her
little face was bright. "Hi, I'm Ashley. Do you want to play dolls with me "
she asked. I looked over and saw Mom nodding to me with a smile. I bent
toward Ashley and whispered, "Sure. I'd love to." Her tiny hand reached up
and took mine, and we walked toward the doll house. Our time together
brought her great joy and fun and she also made my day.
I returned to the shelter with Mom several times. During those visits, some
of the children including Ashley shared their troubled pasts with me in great
detail. I felt sorry for what had happened to them and treasured the
friendship between us. I would like to do everything within my power to help
the children there. At the same time, I learned to be grateful for all that I
had. It was a meaningful time in my young life that I would never forget. It
was Mom who taught me the valuable lesson that summer.
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
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UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
单元专项提升
英语版必修第一册人教版
单元语法归纳
巧梳理·知识框图
挖教材·语法示例
用适当的关系代词完成下列教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征
1.Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of
the 20th century had begun, a quake ___________ even caused damage more than
150 kilometres away in Beijing.
which/that
2.Two thirds of the people _________ lived there were dead or injured.
3.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out
those _____ were trapped and to bury the dead.
4.Workers built shelters for survivors _______ homes had been destroyed.
who/that
who
whose
细归纳 语法精讲
限制性定语从句（Ⅰ）——关系代词
知识点1 限制性定语从句的基本概述
限制性定语从句（restrictive relative clause）指修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从
句,对所修饰的对象加以限制，表示"……的（人）"或"……的（物）"。从句不可去
掉，一旦去掉主句的意思则不完整。 被修饰的名词、 代词或名词短语称为先行词。
引导定语从句的词被称为关系词， 关系词包含关系代词和关系副词两类。
知识点2 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词替代指人或物的先行词并在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
常用的关系代词有who、whom、whose、which、that、as等（本单元讲前五个关系代
词的用法）。
关系代 词 先行词 关系代词在 从句中作的 成分 例句 注意
who 指人 主语或宾语 ______ Here comes the girl who（在从句中作 主语） wants to see you.想见你的那个女 孩过来了。 ______ She wants to find the kid （who） （在从句中作宾语，可省略。） she met yesterday.她想找到昨天她遇 见的那个孩子。 作宾
语时
一般
可省
略
关系代 词 先行词 关系代词在 从句中作的 成分 例句 注意
whom 指人 宾语 ______ Rose is the person whom （在从句中作宾语，可用who或that 代替，也可省略。） you should look after.罗斯是你应该照顾的人。 ______ When I have trouble, he is the only one to whom（前有介词to,不 能用who或that代替，也不可省 略。） I can go for help. 当我有 困难时，他是我唯一可以求助的 人。 可省略，也
可用who或
that代替。
若whom前
有介词，则
不能用who
或that代
替，也不可
省略
续表
关系代 词 先行词 关系代词在 从句中作的 成分 例句 注意
whose 指人或物 定语 ______ They rushed over to help the man whose. .（指人，在从句中作定 语。）car had broken down.那个人 的车坏了，他们都冲过去帮忙。 ______ Please pass me the book whose （指物，在从句中作定语。） cover is green.请递给我那本绿色封皮的 书。 /
续表
关系代 词 先行词 关系代词在 从句中作的 成分 例句 注意
which 一般指物 主语或宾语 ______ China is a country which （在从句中作主语） has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国 家。 ______ The package （which） （在从句中作宾语，可省略。） you are carrying is about to fall.你 拿的包裹快掉了。 作宾语时一
般可省略
续表
关系代词 先行词 关系代词在 从句中作的成分 例句 注意
that 指人或物 主语、宾语 或表语 ______ The number of people. .that（在从句中作主语,指人，可用who替代。） come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 ______ The chair that（在从句中作宾 语，可省略。） you broke yesterday is now being repaired.你 昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在被修 理。 ______ Our school is no longer the place that（在从句中作表语） it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的 那所学校了。 作宾语时一
般可省略，
指人时一般
可用who替
代，指物时
一般可用
which替代
续表
1.关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句
中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
你昨天借我的那本书十分有趣。
［误］The book （that/which） you lent to me yesterday is very interesting.
［正］The book （that/which） you lent to me yesterday is very interesting.
2.关系代词用作介词的宾语。在正式场合,介词可以置于关系代词前,这种情况下关系
代词不可省略，也不可以用that或who代替。
［注意］固定短语中的介词不能前置到关系代词前。
Is this the magazine about which（which不能省略，不可用that替换。） you were
talking just
now =Is this the magazine （which/that）you were talking about just now 这就是
你刚才谈论的那本杂志吗
You are the very person （whom/that） we are looking for.你就是我们要找的人。
3.当先行词是way并且定语从句要表示"以……的方式"时，定语从句常用that或in
which引导，that可以省略。
我喜欢她微笑的样子。
I like the way （that）she smiles.
I like the way in which she smiles.
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(2022·全国乙卷)A doctor tells me people_________ live the longest are dancers
and cyclists.
who/that
【解析】空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people, 指人，且从句中缺少主语，故填
who/that。
2.(2023·全国乙卷)The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a
woman _______ hair color looked just perfect.
whose
【解析】此处表示这个盒子上有一位女士的照片，她头发的颜色看上去很完美。
"____ hair color looked just perfect"是定语从句，空处在定语从句中作定语，故填
whose。
3.(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place
___________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
which/that
【解析】句意：但是，除了所有的古建筑外，北京也是一个欢迎快节奏发展的现代
生活的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词"a place"，指物，
从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which或that。
知识点3 关系代词的选择
关系代词 情况 例句
宜用that 不用 which 当先行词是all、much、 anything、 something、everything、 nothing、little、none、few 等不定代词时 She told me. .everything that she knew.她把
她所知道的一切都告诉了我。
当先行词被序数词或形容 词最高级修饰时 This is the most exciting football game that
I have seen so far.这是我目前看过的最激动
人心的足球比赛。
关系代词 情况 例句
宜用that 不用 which 当先行词指物且被all、 no、few、any、little （少）、some、much、 last、only、very等修饰时 I've read all the books that were borrowed
from others.我已经读了从别人那儿借来的所
有的书。
当先行词既有人又有物时 I can well remember the people and some
pictures that. .I saw in the room.我能清楚地
记得我在那个房间里所见到的人和一些照
片。
续表
关系代词 情况 例句
宜用 who/ whom不用that 当先行词是指人的代词 he、they、anyone、 anybody、 everyone、 everybody、 someone、 somebody等，或先行词为 指人的one、those时，定语 从句多用who/whom引导 He who does not advance fails.［谚］不进
则退。
The student you should learn from is
the. .one who works hard and studies well.你
应该向那个学习努力而且学习好的学生学
习。
续表
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)That's how I was trained at university. I work on anything
_____excites me.
that
【解析】空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词anything，anything为不定代词，故用that引
导定语从句。
2.(全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall _____ has survived
China's long history.
that
【解析】句意：西安城墙是中国历史上保存最完整的城墙。先行词为city wall，由
形容词最高级the most complete修饰，常用that引导定语从句。
3.（全国Ⅲ卷）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food_____ is
provided by Mom with appreciation.
that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为the food,
且被all修饰，故定语从句要用that引导。
4.(新高考Ⅰ卷)People want to listen to someone_____is interesting, relaxed and
comfortable.
who
【解析】句意：人们想听有趣的、放松的、舒适的人说话。分析句子结构可知，空
处在此引导定语从句，先行词someone指人，并且从句缺少主语。故填关系代词who。
知识点4 定语从句中的主谓一致
一般情况下，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的人称和数一般
与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
The books that were sold out in two weeks were all written by Tom.两周内卖光
的那些书都是汤姆写的。
I'm fond of the piece of music which was played by Jenny.我喜欢珍妮弹的那首曲
子。
1."the only one of the +名词复数"后的定语从句谓语用单数，因为定语从句的先行
词为"the only one"。
2."one of the +名词复数"后的定语从句谓语多用复数，即以"名词复数"为定语从句
的先行词。
Jogging may be the only one of the five sports that is suitable for Bob. 慢跑可能
是这五项运动中唯一适合鲍勃的运动。
Jogging is one of the five sports that are suitable for Bob. 慢跑是适合鲍勃的五项
运动中的一项。
语法练 专项提升
Ⅰ 语法填空
1.(北京高考)The little problems___________we meet in our daily lives may be
inspirations for great inventions.
that/which
【解析】句意：在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。空处
引导的定语从句修饰先行词The little（小） problems，先行词指物，定语从句中缺
少宾语，故填that/which。
2.Happiness and success often come to those_____are good at recognizing their own
strengths.
who
【解析】句意：幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识自己长处的人。空处引导的定语
从句修饰先行词those，先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填who。
3.(全国Ⅲ卷)Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a
large bag of toys to a little girl_______mother was unable to pay for her holiday
due to illness.
whose
【解析】句意：由于我们的努力，我们的女儿Georgia真的决定把一大袋玩具捐给一
个小女孩，这个小女孩的妈妈因为生病而支付不起她的假期费用。空处引导的定语
从句修饰先行词a little girl，关系词在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，故填whose。
4.The young athlete is the only one of the three athletes that ____________
（expect） to win the game.
is expected
【解析】句意：这名年轻的运动员是三名运动员中唯一一名有望赢得这场比赛的。
that引导的定语从句修饰先行词the only one，故从句的谓语动词用单数；又the only
one与动词expect为动宾关系，空处应用被动语态；再结合主句中的谓语动词is可知，
空处填is expected。
5.(上海南洋模范中学期中)This is the most exciting film _____ I have ever seen.
that
【解析】空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词film，关系词在从句中作宾语，先行词由形
容词最高级修饰，故用that引导。
6.The writer and his novel _____ you have just talked about are really well known.
that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处指代The writer and his novel,在从句中作宾语，
先行词既有人又有物，故填that。
7.He is an expert on rice planting from _______ the local Zhuang people have
learnt a lot.
whom
【解析】此处从句中的from被提至关系词前，空处指人，作from的宾语，故填whom。
learn sth. from sb."向某人学习某事物"。
8.The first place _____ they visited in London is Big Ben.
that
【解析】句意：他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。分析句子结构并结合句意
可知，空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词为place且由序数词first修饰，
所以用that引导该从句。
9.(哈尔滨市第六中学月考)In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to
_______ she could turn for help.
whom
【解析】句意：在黑暗的街道上，她没有一个人可以求助。分析句子结构并结合句
意可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为person，指人，在从句中作介词to的宾语，故应
用关系代词whom引导从句。
10.The author _______________ you criticized in your review has written a reply.
whom/who/that
【解析】句意：你在评论中批评的那位作者已经回复了。空处在此引导定语从句，
修饰先行词The author（指人），定语从句中缺少宾语，故填whom/who/that。
11.Anyone_____ enters the school must show his or her identity card.
who
【解析】句意：任何进入学校的人都必须出示身份证。空处引导的定语从句修饰先
行词Anyone，从句中缺少主语。当someone、somebody、anyone、anybody、
everyone、everybody等不定代词作先行词时,定语从句多用who引导。
12.（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）As an artist _________ shares her journey on social media,
I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.
who/that
【解析】句意：作为一名在社交媒体上分享艺术之旅的艺术家，我经常被好奇的粉
丝问到如何开始一段艺术之旅。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰an
artist，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词who/that。
Ⅱ 用定语从句合并下列每组句子
1.I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
_______________________________________________________
I have a friend that/who likes listening to classical music.
2.Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.
_______________________________________________________
Last week Mary wore the dress that/which I gave to her.
3.They live in a room. Its window faces south.
______________________________________________
They live in a room whose window faces south.
4.She wants to visit the village. Her mother likes it best.
_______________________________________________________________
She wants to visit the village （that/which） her mother likes best.
5.The man has left for New York. You borrowed the camera from him.
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
The man from whom you borrowed the camera has left for New York.或The man whom you borrowed the camera from has left for New York.
写作方法指导
如何写新闻报道的概要
新闻报道是典型的应用文体裁。一般来说，新闻有六要素，即：人物（who）、
事件（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（why）、过程（how）。如
果把这六要素串联起来，概括成一句话，就能简洁地概括新闻报道的内容了。
概要写作是对学生综合能力的考查。它既考查学生对文章的理解和概括能力,又
考查学生在限定词汇内的表述能力。
1.审题方面要注意以下几点：
（1）注意新闻报道的标题、导语和结语，快速把握新闻报道的主要内容，找出
新闻的六要素。
（2）以自然段为概括的基础。大多数情况下,一个自然段自成一个要点。但有
时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。以自然段为基础进行
概括会避免遗漏信息并帮助我们找出主要信息。
2.语言表达方面要注意以下几点：
（1）使用正确的人称和时态。概要的人称和时态要与新闻报道保持一致，即用
第三人称，以一般过去时为主，对现在事实的描述可用一般现在时，对事件的预测
可用一般将来时。
（2）概括时要注意包含关键的支撑性信息，过于细节的信息需要略过。
（3）核心词不必替换。新闻报道中会出现一些核心词,写概要时这些词不必替换。
（4）根据要点，转换表达。通过同义转换、句子重构等方法，酌情选择从句、
非谓语等结构将原文的要点连贯地组织起来。（句子不可过长,也不要使用太过复杂
的结构。）
原词 同义替换词
crash into hit、strike
be expected to be predicted（预测）to
said described、stated（陈述）
cause lead to、result in、bring about
difficult challenging
many numerous、plenty of、a good/great many、a （large）
number of/（large） numbers of
bad negative（坏的）、serious
good excellent、outstanding（杰出的）
原词 同义替换词
big huge、large、giant（巨大的）、vast（巨大的）、massive
（巨大的）
different various、a variety of
interesting amusing
brave courageous
more than over
rich wealthy
续表
（5）有效使用衔接词，确保行文连贯。
并列 关系 and、or、also、too、as well、both...and...、either...or...
递进 关系 what's more、besides、in addition（此外）、furthermore/moreover
（再者）、not only...but also...
转折 关系 but、however、though
顺序 关系 first、first of all、to begin with、second、finally、last but not least
因果 关系 because、because of、owing to （因为）、due to（由于）、as a result
of、consequently （结果）、as a result、thus/therefore （所以）
归纳 总结 on the whole、in a word/in conclusion/ in summary/in short、to summarize
续表
巧运用 典例详析
概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
An 8.2-magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northwestern Chile late on
April 2, 2014, cutting the power off and leading to landslides and a tsunami. Four
men and one woman died—two suffered heart attacks and three were crushed to
death（压死）. About 300 prisoners escaped from the northern port city of Iquique.
The quake struck at about 7:46 a.m. Beijing time, some 60 miles northwest of
Iquique. Chile's National Emergency Office asked coastal residents（居民） to leave
for safe places. "The fact is that we will know the extent of the damage as time
goes by and when we inspect（查看） the areas in the light of day," Michelle
Bachelet said early on that day. "The country has faced these first emergency hours
very well."
Residents in the port city of Antofagasta walked calmly through the streets to
higher ground as the traffic became heavy in some places. "Many people are
fearful after experiencing the powerful earthquake in 2010, so they immediately
rushed to higher ground when they heard the tsunami warning," said a government
official."There have been lots of aftershocks and communications have been cut off
in many of the earthquake-hit areas. So people are waiting in the dark hills, not
knowing what is to come, and hoping they will be able to return to their homes
safely."
Tsunami waves of more than six feet caused by the earthquake washed ashore
on the coast of Iquique, with a population of more than 200,000 seeing seven-foot
waves.
__________________________________
A 教你审题
本文是一篇关于地震、海啸的新闻报道。在进行概要写作时要突出主题和关键
细节信息，同时注意人称、时态和新闻的语言特点。人称：第三人称为主；时态：
一般过去时为主。
分析本篇新闻报道的要素：
what An 8.2-magnitude earthquake
when at about 7:46 a.m. Beijing time on April 2, 2014
where off the coast of northwestern Chile
how ①cutting off the power
②causing landslides and a tsunami
③the death of five people
④lots of aftershocks
⑤cutting off communications
⑥residents left for safe places
B 教你成篇
An 8.2-magnitude earthquake hit off the coast of northwestern Chile at about 7：
46 a. m. Beijing time on April 2, 2014, leading to five deaths（动词-ing短语作结
果状语）. Chile treated the first emergency hours well and residents moved to
safety. Followed by landslides, aftershocks and a tsunami（动词-ed短语作伴随状
语）, the earthquake made power and communications cut off（"make+宾语+宾补
（动词-ed）"结构） in many earthquake-stricken areas.
［名师点评］本文简明扼要地交代了地震发生的时间、地点、伤亡情况（要点一），
震后人们的反应（要点二），以及地震带来的影响：电力和通讯中断、余震频发、
海啸侵袭（要点三）。
新闻导语虽揭示新闻的核心内容，但并未涵盖新闻的所有信息，需要学生自己
对信息进行分类组合。本文第一句略微改动了新闻的导语，交代了what，
when,where及伤亡情况。第二句提炼于新闻报道的第二段，介绍震后人们的反应。
第三句将地震带来的影响进行分类组合。
提能力 迁移训练
概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
On July 15,2014, Fenghuang Ancient Town, one of China's most well-known
ancient towns, was under water as heavy rain hit the center of the county, forcing
tens of thousands of people into leaving the area. Heavy rain and floods lasted for
a few days. Water in the nearby Tuojiang River rose above the warning level
（警戒水位） due to heavy rainstorms. More than 120,000 locals and tourists were
helped to leave there because of the terrible disaster. And more than 4,000 shops in
the town were shut. Several bridges over the Tuojiang River were damaged or
destroyed. Water flowed into many bars, restaurants and hotels in this ancient town,
and electricity there was cut off. About 128,000 people were affected by the floods.
Though the heavy rain stopped, the popular tourist spot（旅游景点） remained
closed for people's safety.
A shoe shop owner Mr Kuang said the flood was the worst one that the town
had experienced. "The floods came so quickly that I didn't have time to move the
shoes," he said sadly.
"The flood has led Fenghuang Ancient Town to become a water town," a user
said in a post on a discussion page on the topic set up on Sina Weibo."We could
only live in an old factory now where many homeless people have to stay together.
The crowded space is full of sadness," a victim said.
____________________________________________________________________________
Fenghuang Ancient Town was flooded due to heavy rain which lasted for
a few days, making about 128,000 people affected. （要点1） The flood caused
over 120,000 people to leave, over 4,000 shops to be shut and some bridges to
be damaged or destroyed, and a power failure occurred. （要点2） The tourist
spot was still closed while the heave rain stopped. （要点3）
高考题型突破
真题在线 完形填空
A
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country
race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41（finished） the course earlier
than she did. Her 42（delay ） came because she was carrying a 43（competitor）
across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way
through her. .44. . when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.
44.( ) A.race B.school C.town D.training
A
B
(2023·全国乙卷)As it turned out , Douglas did 50（exactly） what she
needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51（defeated ） two
Russians. The Chinese coach 52（transformed ） Douglas into one of the best
gymnasts in the 53（world）， helping her skyrocket from an 54（average ）
member of the national team to the top of the sport. By . .55. . the Olympic all-
around title , she became the first black woman to do so.
55.( ) A.clarifying B.defending C.winning D.demanding
C
C
(2023·全国甲卷)But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 46（worried）
because they were so misshapen : not at all like the nice, round, 47（shiny）
things you get in a supermarket...
What we discovered is that it's 51（unwise） to judge what you eat only
by its 52（appearance）. Those tomatoes had a . .53. . that reminded me of the
ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket
tomatoes. .54. . perfect but taste of water.
53.( ) A.size B.shape C.color D.taste
D
54.( ) A.smell B.look C.become D.work
B
词语摘抄
①course n.［C］ 熟词生义 跑道
②delay /d le / n.［C,U］延期，耽搁，延误
③turn out 原来是，证明是，结果是
④defeat /d fi:t/ vt.击败，战胜 n.［U,C］失败，挫败
⑤transform /tr ns f :m/ vt.使改观；使改变形态
⑥skyrocket/ ska r k t/ vi.猛涨，剧增
⑦average / v r d / adj.普通的，平常的，一般的
⑧title n.［C］ 熟词生义 冠军
⑨clarify / kl r fa / vt.阐明,澄清
⑩defend /d fend/ vt.& vi.保卫；防守；vt.为……辩解
demand/d mɑ:nd/ vt.强烈要求
misshapen / m s e p n/ adj.畸形的，扭曲变形的
judge /d d /vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断
remind sb. of sb./sth. 使某人想起相似的人或物
通方法 解题指导
如何利用关键词提示解答完形填空
完形填空题所选语篇材料一般以记叙文、夹叙夹议文为主，兼顾说明文和议论
文。其文章都是围绕一个话题展开的语篇，在逻辑关系和意义上前后贯通，因此在
行文中不可避免地会出现词语的同义词、反义词、指代词、上义词、下义词以及词
汇的复现等。根据这个原则，学生在答题时应联系上下文，寻找对设空处有提示作
用的关键信息，找到关键词，从而确定最佳答案。下面我们以表格形式列举如何利
用该方法解答上面完形填空中的几个题：
题号 答案 判断依据
2023· 新课标 Ⅰ卷 44 A.race 结合上文提到的"a cross-country race"和本空前的"Bailey
was more than two-thirds of the way"可知,本题选race。
本题是借助"原词复现"现象来解的。
2023· 全国乙 卷 55 C.winning 上文提到的"champion""51（ defeated） two Russians"
"one of the best gymnasts"等关键词都暗示她获得了奥运
会全能冠军。winning 实际上是该语篇的话题核心词的复
现。
题号 答案 判断依据
2023· 全国甲 卷 53 D.taste 由上文中的" looked at""misshapen"及下文中的"taste"可
知，此处谈论的是西红柿的外观和味道。结合第51空所
在句及下文中的"but taste of water"可知本题选D项。
54 B.look 由上文中提到的"not at all like the nice,round,47
（shiny） things you get in a supermarket"可知，此句描
述的是超市里西红柿的样子，故本空选look。从意义与逻
辑上来说, nice、round、shiny都是看起来（look）西红柿
所呈现的样子。
续表
提能力 迁移训练
完形填空
Talent can come from anywhere and anyone. Whether he has majored in art or
has been blessed with a talent from birth, any artist should be able to . .1. . his gift
with the world.
That's. .2. . what Liz Powers decided to do when she, her brother, and four local
artists founded ArtLifting. This organization helps . .3. . artists achieve financial
independence by selling their works on ArtLifting's website. Though the website
features 145 artists at present, when Powers first . .4. . to shine a spotlight on
undiscovered talent, she wasn't expecting to make such a（n） . .5. ..
Powers was. .6. . to find that many artistically gifted people were. .7. . simple
shelters. When they created art, it ended up in shelter basements. She understood
that for many of these artists,. .8. . could provide income. They had the talent; what
they . .9. . was a way to make it known to the world. Therefore, Powers decided to
set up an online . .10. .. It would create a real . .11. . between the artists and
consumers who wanted original pieces for their walls.
Today, ArtLifting is in 19 cities around the US,. .12. . artists and bringing their
stories and . .13. . to walls around the country. Historically, artists' works were
usually displayed in museums. But now we find that talent can be shown in . .14. .
forms. ArtLifting not only sells impressive pieces; it also helps artists . .15. . what
anyone deserves: independence, freedom and respect.
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Liz Powers和她的同伴们创办了ArtLifting，
帮助那些无家可归的艺术家售卖作品，使他们能够经济独立并获得自由和尊重。
1.( ) A.mix B.share C.trade D.exchange
B
【解析】根据语境可知，此处是固定搭配"share...with..."，表示任何艺术家都能
够与世界分享他的天赋。
2.( ) A.hardly B.normally C.exactly D.accidentally
C
【解析】根据下文中的"This organization helps...their works on ArtLifting's
website"可知，ArtLifting网站帮助艺术家们出售作品，所以与世界分享艺术家的天赋
正是（exactly） Liz Powers创办ArtLifting的目的。
3.( ) A.shy B.polite C.busy D.homeless
D
【解析】根据下文中的"Powers was...simple shelters"可知，Powers帮助的是那些住
在收容所里的穷困潦倒的艺术家。由关键词simple shelters可知，此处应选D项。
4.( ) A.volunteered B.preferred C.decided D.applied
C
【解析】此处表示最初，当Powers决定使公众注意到那些未被发现的天赋时，她没
有预料到会带来如此大的影响，decide符合语境。
5.( ) A.impact B.impression C.contribution D.donation
A
【解析】参见上题解析。impression"印象"；contribution"贡献"；donation"捐献"。
6.( ) A.scared B.delighted C.ashamed D.shocked
D
【解析】结合常识可知，Powers看到许多有艺术天赋的人住在收容所，应该感到震
惊，所以她才创办了ArtLifting来帮助他们。
7.( ) A.searching for B.setting up C.staying in D.going through
C
【解析】参见上题解析。且下文中的关键词shelter basements暗示着他们是住在这里。
8.( ) A.preparations B.experiences C.competitions D.creations
D
【解析】根据上文中的"This organization helps 3（homeless）...ArtLifting's
website"可知，正是因为Powers明白创作可以带来收入，所以她才创立ArtLifting帮助
被埋没的艺术家卖作品。其中关键词financial independence对应该空后的provide
income。
9.( ) A.received B.needed C.minded D.promised
B
【解析】此处表示这些被埋没的艺术家所需要的是让世人知道其天赋的途径。B项符
合语境。
10.( ) A.market B.club C.office D.school
A
【解析】根据上下文可知，Powers建立ArtLifting就是为了给艺术家和消费者提供在
线买卖市场。
11.( ) A.comparison B.similarity C.connection D.gap
C
【解析】根据上下文可知，Powers创立的ArtLifting就是为了建立艺术家和消费者之
间的联系。
12.( ) A.teaching B.supporting C.pitying D.protecting
B
【解析】根据上文可知，ArtLifting帮助艺术家出售作品，所以它是为艺术家提供帮助。
13.( ) A.adventures B.dreams C.pleasures D.artworks
D
【解析】根据"to walls around the country"可知，挂墙上的应该是他们的艺术品。
14.( ) A.familiar B.regular C.different D.popular
C
【解析】根据上文中的"Historically, artists' works were usually displayed in
museums"可知，此处表示现在与过去不一样，天赋可以以不同的形式展现出来。
15.( ) A.achieve B.require C.judge D.admit
A
【解析】根据上文可知，ArtLifting帮艺术家出售作品，从而让他们有收入，进而获
得独立、自由和尊重。
微专题 新题型专练
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的
短文。
(2024· 湖南师大附中期中)Growing up, I wanted to be just like my mom. She
was kind and caring, and always made people comfortable in her presence. For
years she was a volunteer in our community. I loved going to the local nursing
home to help with her when I was a child. However, once I became a teenager, I
was too caught up in my adolescent world to worry about helping others.
One particular summer day when I was 12, Mom came into my room and told
me to get up and meet her at the car. But I had planned to spend the day at the
lake with my friends. Why did she have to ruin everything At last, I made my
way outside with my mother. Angry and annoyed, I climbed into the car and shut
the door loudly. I sat in silence, too upset to talk. "Tasha, do you know where we
are going " Mom asked calmly. I remained silent. "Sweetheart, we're going to the
children's shelter. I have been there before and I think it would benefit you," she
explained.
I felt a confusion slowly formed in my heart. How was I supposed to help
there
When we reached the shelter, I was rather surprised. As we approached the
front door, wind-bells played a calming tune while trees and flowers welcomed us.
Maybe this wasn't going to be so.
Mom rang the doorbell. We were led to the front room, where all of the
children were playing. Toys were spread out across the floor. I noticed a baby
whose body was seriously wounded. Most of the children had noticeable physical
scars. What a terrible life they must had had before they moved here! My heart
sank. As I was looking around, I felt a gentle pull on my shirt.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
I looked down to find a little girl with brown eyes looking up at me.
I returned to the shelter with Mom several times.
故事 梗概 本文以时间为线索展开，以第一人称讲述了Tasha希望自己长大之后像妈妈
一样，性格温和、乐于助人。然而，她进入青春期后情况就有所不同了。在
她12岁时的夏天，妈妈叫她和自己一起去一个儿童收容所，因为之前和朋友
约好去湖边玩，Tasha开始时很不乐意，但最后还是很勉强地听从了妈妈的
安排。到了目的地之后，Tasha很惊讶，在那里她看到了许多曾经遭受苦难
的孩子,她的心情立刻沉了下来，这时她感到她的衬衫被人轻轻地拽了一
下……
情节线 情感线
结构 Para.1：The background of the story When I was a child， I loved going to the local nursing home to help with my mom. My mother was a volunteer in our community.
（proud）
→Mom asked me to meet her at the car.
（angry, annoyed,upset）
→Mom would take me to the children's shelter.
（unsatisfied, confused）
→Most of the children had noticeable scars.
（sympathetic,surprised）
A little girl with brown eyes looked up at me.
（surprised moved or…）
I returned to the shelter with my mum several times.
（happy grateful or…）
续表
情节线 情感线
结构 Paras.2-3： Before we went to the shelter After I became a teenager, I was unwilling to help others with my mom, but still went to the shelter with her. My mother was a volunteer in our community.
（proud）
→Mom asked me to meet her at the car.
（angry, annoyed,upset）
→Mom would take me to the children's shelter.
（unsatisfied, confused）
→Most of the children had noticeable scars.
（sympathetic,surprised）
A little girl with brown eyes looked up at me.
（surprised moved or…）
I returned to the shelter with my mum several times.
（happy grateful or…）
续表
情节线 情感线
结构 Paras.4-5： When we reached the shelter I was shocked. As I was looking around, my heart sank. My mother was a volunteer in our community.
（proud）
→Mom asked me to meet her at the car.
（angry, annoyed,upset）
→Mom would take me to the children's shelter.
（unsatisfied, confused）
→Most of the children had noticeable scars.
（sympathetic,surprised）
A little girl with brown eyes looked up at me.
（surprised moved or…）
I returned to the shelter with my mum several times.
（happy grateful or…）
续表
情节线 情感线
续写 方向 Para.1 I looked down to find a little girl with brown eyes looking up at me.（段首句） My mother was a volunteer in our community.
（proud）
→Mom asked me to meet her at the car.
（angry, annoyed,upset）
→Mom would take me to the children's shelter.
（unsatisfied, confused）
→Most of the children had noticeable scars.
（sympathetic,surprised）
A little girl with brown eyes looked up at me.
（surprised moved or…）
I returned to the shelter with my mum several times.
（happy grateful or…）
→预测情节，问题引领： ①Who was the girl？ ②What would the girl say？ ③What would I respond to her？ 续表
情节线 情感线
续写 方向 Para.2 I returned to the shelter with Mom several times. （段首句） My mother was a volunteer in our community.
（proud）
→Mom asked me to meet her at the car.
（angry, annoyed,upset）
→Mom would take me to the children's shelter.
（unsatisfied, confused）
→Most of the children had noticeable scars.
（sympathetic,surprised）
A little girl with brown eyes looked up at me.
（surprised moved or…）
I returned to the shelter with my mum several times.
（happy grateful or…）
→预测情节，问题引领： ①Did I meet the girl again？ ②What would I do in the shelter？ ③How did I feel during these experiences？ ④What did I learn from the experience 续表
I looked down to find a little girl with brown eyes looking up at me. Her
little face was bright. "Hi, I'm Ashley. Do you want to play dolls with me "
she asked. I looked over and saw Mom nodding to me with a smile. I bent
toward Ashley and whispered, "Sure. I'd love to." Her tiny hand reached up
and took mine, and we walked toward the doll house. Our time together
brought her great joy and fun and she also made my day.
I returned to the shelter with Mom several times. During those visits, some
of the children including Ashley shared their troubled pasts with me in great
detail. I felt sorry for what had happened to them and treasured the
friendship between us. I would like to do everything within my power to help
the children there. At the same time, I learned to be grateful for all that I
had. It was a meaningful time in my young life that I would never forget. It
was Mom who taught me the valuable lesson that summer.
谢谢
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