外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Breaking boundaries Using language课件(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
Unit 4
Breaking boundaries
Watch the video and learn about the subject It in English.
It, as a pronoun, can be a real subject with an explicit antecedent. But sometimes, it helps change the position of the subject for emphasis.
it
Examples:
It's raining outside.
It is important to brush your teeth from time to time.
It feels strange seeing you for the first time in ten years.
Look at the sentences from the interview and answer the questions.
What does “it” refer to in sentences (a) and (c)
“It” refers to “not to take any chances” in sentence (a).
“It” refers to “to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national boundaries” in sentence (c).
What is the difference between the sentences in each group Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (c) instead of (b) and (d)
The first sentences in each group use “it” as an empty subject at the beginning of the sentences.
It as an empty subject—it 作形式主语
当主语部分相对于谓语部分而言太长时，常把主语部分移到句尾，在主语的位置放上it。
it 没有具体的意义,仅用于使句子显得平稳，不头重脚轻。
it 作形式主语时常代替三种语法结构：不定式(短语)、v-ing(短语) 和从句。
1. it 代替不定式(短语)作形式主语
it 代替不定式(短语)作形式主语的常见句型:
It+be +形容词 +(for/of sb.)to do sth
It + be + 名词 + to do sth.
It takes sb.some time to do sth.
It's up to sb. to do sth.
It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. 外国人学习汉语不容易。
(It作形式主语，代替不定式复合结构foraforeigner to leamn Chinese.)
It is everyone's duty to obey the law. 遵守法律是每个人的义务
(It作形式主语，代替不定式短语 to obey the law)
辨析：
"It +be+形容词 +for sb. to do sth."与'It+be+形容词 +of sb. to do sth."
如果形容词描述的是人的品质、品格,介词用 of;
如果形容词描述不定式所表示动作的特征,介词用for。
It's important for us to learn English well.
学好英语对我们来说很重要。
It‘s kind of you to help me.
感谢你帮助我。
2. it 代替 v-ing (短语) 作形式主语
it 代替 v-ing(短语)作形式主语的情况远不及it 代替不定式（短语）作形式主语那么普遍。
常见句型：It+be+no good/no use/useless/a waste/+v-ing(短语)。
It is no good/use having a car if you can't drive.
如果你不会开车,有车也没用。
(It作形式主语,代替v-ing短语having a car )
It is a waste of time watching TV.
看电视是浪费时间。
(It作形式主语,代替 v-ing 短语 watching TV)
3. it 代替从句作形式主语
it所替代的从句可以用that引导，也可以用whether/if、连接代词或连接副词引导。
It was clear that they had no desire for peace.
显然他们并不想要和平。
(It 作形式主语,代替从句 that they had no desire for peace)
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
她能否来还很难说。
(It作形式主语,代替从句whether she will be able to come )
4. it 作形式主语的常见句型
(1) It is a pity/a shame/a fact/an honour/good news/no wonder/a wonder/... that...。
It is a pity that the engineer can't come.
可惜工程师不能来。
It is a wonder that he continues to gamble when he always loses!
令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。
(It is) No wonder (that) you are late.
难怪你来晚了
4. it 作形式主语的常见句型
(2) It is+形容词(strange /natural/surprising /obvious /true /fortunate /wonderful /funny/possible/impossible/likely/unlikely/clear/unusual/certain/important/...)+ that ...
It is certain that he will win.
他一定会取胜。
It is important that we should learn from each other and help each other.
互相学习和互相帮助很重要。
It is likely that he will ring me tonight.
他今晚可能给我打电话。
4. it 作形式主语的常见句型
(3) It happened/turned out/suddenly struck me/occurred to me/.../that...
It happened that I wasn’t there that day.
恰好那天我不在那里。
It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve that problem.
我忽然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题。
4. it 作形式主语的常见句型
(4) It +be+过去分词(said /reported /announced /decided /expected /hoped /known /believed...) + that...
It is said that nothing has been done about it.
据说至今对此没采取任何措施。
It is known that he is one of the best teachers in our school.
大家都知道他是我们学校最好的教师之一。
4. it 作形式主语的常见句型
(5) It doesn't matter + that/what/where/whether/...
It doesn't matter whether he comes or not.
他来还是不来都没关系。
It doesn't matter where you are from.
你来自哪里都没关系。
Vocabulary
1. be likely to
表示"有可能……"的句型还有:
It is possible (for sb. ) to do sth.
It is possible that...
l It is probable that...
练习：If you are not eating properly, it ___________________________(你可能会感到更多压力).
is likely that you will feel more pressure
Vocabulary
2. rather
not...but rather.不是……,而是…
rather than 而不是
would rather 宁愿
rather too 相当
would rather do...than do.. 宁愿做……也不愿做……
练习： In such a cold day, I ________________________________ (宁愿待在家里也不想出去).
would rather stay at home than go out
Vocabulary
3. rewarding
reward n. 回报，奖赏;赏金 v. 酬谢，报答，奖赏
in reward for... 作为对……的回报
reward sb.for(doing)sth. 因…而奖赏/报答某人
练习：When asked for his views about histeaching job, Philip said he found it very_______________________(有趣又有益).
interesting and rewarding
Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty subject.
it is no longer quite so difficult for women and minorities to get roles in American film and television.
it is now a more realistic hope for minority actors to become a leading actor in Hollywood.
Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty subject.
it is more common than before for women to write and direct Hollywood films.
it is seen as acceptable by film studios to cast white actors as Asian characters.
Describe the city using the information provided and it as an empty subject.
Beijing
not a surprising thing / students see different skin
colours in the same class
possible / people hear many different languages and
dialects
easy / people find products from all over the world
not difficult / foreigners settle down and find a job
a common thing / people from different countries work
in the same company
Describe the city using the information provided and it as an empty subject.
It is not a surprising thing for students to see different skin colors in the same class.
It is possible for people to hear many different languages and dialects.
It is easy for people to find products from all over the world.
It is not difficult for foreigners to settle down and find a job.
It is a common thing for people from different countries to work in the same company.
Describe one of the cities using it as an empty subject where appropriate.
Do online research if necessary.
Toronto
Shanghai
London
Sydney
...
Read the passage and answer the questions.
Pay attention to the expressions in bold.
Nowadays, people all over the world are becoming more and more connected, as if the world were getting smaller—as if we were living in a “global village”.
Technology is largely responsible for bringing people together. Channels of communication, such as the mobile phone and the Internet, have made it possible to speak instantly with someone on the other side of the planet, enabling us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures. The television, meanwhile, is a window on the world, giving us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyles.
Cultural exchange helps us to be more inclusive and to overcome culture shock. But inclusiveness doesn’t mean that our cultures will merge into one another. Rather, it’s about countries and people making a joint effort to come together to create a more harmonious and understanding world, so that we can all enjoy the mutual benefits.
Read the passage and answer the questions.
Pay attention to the expressions in bold.
It describes the phenomenon of the “global village” as related to the promotion of technological and cultural exchange.
1 What phenomenon does the passage describe
2 What effect does technology have on cultural exchange
Technology enables us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures and gives us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyles.
Complete the letter with the correct form of the expressions in Activity 5.
Dear Editor,
Your article about living in a global village really struck a chord with me because I’ve just returned from a teaching project in Cambodia andThailand. I had been worried about the 1______________, but fortunately the other volunteers and local teachers were really welcoming. We were able to 2_____________________________ each other as well as our students. Throughout, we made 3_______________ to make our classes a success, so that we could all enjoy the 4______________ of working well together. It was rewarding to see how our work helped 5_____________________ from different cultures. Before I went, TV and the Internet were my 6______________________, but being there in person was even better. I think the experience has taught me to 7_____________________ and I can’t wait to do it all over again.
Paul
culture shock
form close connections with
a joint effort
mutual benefits
bring people together
window on the world
be more inclusive
Do Activity 7.
Listen to the conversation and choose the main idea.
More and more foreign words and expressions are entering the English language, especially those about food.
Chinese food is popular in the UK, and many Chinese words and expressions are entering English dictionaries as a result.
Intercultural communication is increasing, and people all over the world have a better understanding of each other.
World sports are bringing people together in the same way that food is.
Activity 8
Listen again and complete the table.
regional words are making it
wonton
the food we now find in shops and restaurants/the food we buy and eat
all kinds of food
a lot of other restaurants/a lot of choices
Italian, French and Japanese restaurants
use chopsticks
connecting people
people in Britain eating Chinese food
pizza while watching the same game
Activity 9
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
Really
That's interesting.
Is it really
It is really amazing...
I also find it interesting to see...
No wonder it isn't a surprise to see...
It is not unusual to find...
Activity 10
Work in pairs. Talk about another phenomenon of the global village using the expressions in this section.
Now think about any difficulties you encountered during your discussion and what you did to overcome them.
Nowadays, people all over the world are becoming more and more connected , as if the world were getting smaller—as if we were living in a "global vilage”.
as if引导从句的用法
as if 意为"似乎,好像",可以引导方式状语从句和表语从句。其意义和用法与 as though 的相同。
as if 引导从句的用法
(1) 引导方式状语从句。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴似乎要说什么。
(2) 引导表语从句,常置于系动词look，seem,sound,feel,smell 等之后。
Listen to the thunder! It seems as if it is going to rain.听雷声!似乎要下雨了。
(3) as if/though引|导的方式状语从句有时可用省略形式:as if/though+形容词/不定式/v-ing/v-ed/介词短语/名词。
She stood at the door as if (she was) waiting for someone.
她站在门口,好像在等谁似的。
(4) as if/though引导的从句的语气：
①如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大,那么从句就用陈述语气;
②如果从句所表示的情况没有依据,只是一种假设、愿望、推测等,那么从句常用虚拟语气。具体虚拟情况:
虚拟情况 从句谓语形式 例句
虚拟现在 did(be 动词一般用 were) He talks as if/though he knew everything about it.
他说起话来就好像对此事了如指掌。
虚拟过去 had done He went on working as if/though nothing had happened.
他继续工作,仿佛什么都没有发生。
虚拟将来 would/might/could do It seems as if/though the meeting would never end.
会议似乎永远也开不完。
Rather, it's about countries and people making a joint effort to come together to create a more harmonious and understanding world, so that we can all enjoy the mutual benefits.
so that 引导状语从句的用法
(1) so that引导目的状语从句,意为"以便,为了",这时从句中常有may，might,can，could，would 等情态动词。
We should have a heart-to-heart talk with our parents so that we can understand
each other better.
我们应该与父母倾心交谈,以便我们更好地了解彼此。
(2) so that 引导结果状语从句,意为"因此,所以",主、从句可用逗号隔开。
He was very lovely so that we like him very much.
他非常可爱,因此我们都非常喜欢他。
(1) so...that..表示"如此……以至于……",so后面通常接形容词或副词,that 引导结果状语从句。
This story is so interesting that I want to read it again.
这个故事非常有趣,我想再读一遍。
He walked so quickly that I couldn't catch up with him.
他走得太快了,我跟不上他。
(2) in order that(为了,以便)也可以引导目的状语从句,有时可与so that 互换,so that 不用于句首,而in order that 可以用于句首。
In order that we can finish the task on time, we will have to work this weekend.
为了按时完成任务,这个周末我们得加班了。
Exercise
1.We're often reminded__________ the importance of preserving the planet because we depend heavily on it.
2.It is a beautiful, well-planned floating city, which is in harmony__________ its surroundings.
3.He admits that his latest music style originates__________ the combination of folk and classical music.
4.Ray is a new graduate, and__________ seems that he has difficulty in dealing with wherever problems arise.
5.It is required __________under no circumstances should he betray his motherland even if there are temptations like money or beauty.
of
with
from
it
that
Exercise
6.There is really nothing_______________ (reward) in this world than helping other people improve their lives.
7.The ethnic__________ (minor) account for six per cent of the population in this country.
8.The two companies will __________ (joint) develop and sell new customer service products.
9.—What do you think of learning English
—I think __________is a challenging task to learn a foreign language.
10. __________doesn't really matter whether you win or lose. As long as you have tried your best, you won't regret.
more rewarding
minorities
jointly
it
It
Review the language points and complete the exercises.
Homework
See you next class!