备战2025年高考英语模拟卷（北京卷）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
【来源】2023届北京市北京交通大学附属中学高三三模英语试题
As a child, I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost; these fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.
Maybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that 1 me so much. There was never total 2 , but a streetlight or passing car lights made clothes hung over a chair take on the 3 of a wild animal. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw the curtains seem to move when there was no wind. A tiny sound in the floor would seem a hundred times louder than in the daylight. My 4 would run wild, and my heart would beat fast. I would 5 very still so that the “enemy” would not discover me.
Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost, 6 on the way home from school. Every morning I got on the school bus right near my home — that was no problem. After school though, when all the buses were 7 up along the street, I was afraid that I’d get on the wrong one and be taken to some unfamiliar neighborhood. On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldn’t let the leaders out of my sight.
Perhaps one of the worst fears of all I had as a child was that of not being liked or 8 by others. Being popular was so important to me then, and the fear of not being liked was a 9 one.
One of the processes of growing up is being able to recognize and 10 our fears. Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.
1．A．wounded B．destroyed C．surprised D．frightened
2．A．quietness B．darkness C．emptiness D．loneliness
3．A．spirit B．height C．body D．shape
4．A．belief B．feeling C．imagination D．doubt
5．A．lie B．hide C．rest D．wake
6．A．especially B．occasionally C．probably D．constantly
7．A．called B．backed C．lined D．packed
8．A．protected B．guided C．believed D．accepted
9．A．strict B．powerful C．heavy D．meaningful
10．A．avoid B．celebrate C．overcome D．contain
【答案】
1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候所恐惧的一些事情。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许是夜晚在我熟悉的房间里，事物奇怪的样子和声音让我如此害怕。A. wounded受伤；B. destroyed破坏；C. surprised使惊讶；D. frightened使害怕。根据第一段“As a child, I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost; these fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.(小时候，我真的很怕黑，很怕迷路；这些恐惧是真实存在的，给我带来了一些不舒服的时刻)”可知，事物奇怪的样子和声音让作者害怕。故选D。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从来没有完全的黑暗，但路灯或过往的汽车灯光使挂在椅子上的衣服呈现出野生动物的形状。A. quietness安静；B. darkness黑暗；C. emptiness空；D. loneliness孤独。根据后文“but a streetlight or passing car lights”可知，有灯光，说明没有完全的黑暗。故选B。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从来没有完全的黑暗，但路灯或过往的汽车灯光使挂在椅子上的衣服呈现出野生动物的形状。A. spirit精神；B. height高度；C. body身体；D. shape形状。根据后文“of a wild animal”可知，路灯或过往的汽车灯光使挂在椅子上的衣服呈现出野生动物的形状。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的想象力会变得疯狂，我的心会跳得很快。A. belief相信；B. feeling感觉；C. imagination想象力；D. doubt怀疑。根据上文“Out of the corner of my eye, I saw the curtains seem to move when there was no wind. A tiny sound in the floor would seem a hundred times louder than in the daylight.(从眼角余光，我看到窗帘在没有风的时候好像在动。地板上微小的声音会比白天的声音大上百倍)”可知，作者在黑暗里会想象一些不存在的东西，故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会静静地躺着，这样“敌人”就不会发现我。A. lie撒谎，躺下；B. hide隐藏；C. rest休息；D. wake醒来。根据后文“very still so that the “enemy” would not discover me”指作者静静地躺着。故选A。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我童年的另一个恐惧是我会迷路，尤其是在放学回家的路上。A. especially尤其，特别；B. occasionally偶尔；C. probably可能；D. constantly不断地。根据后文“on the way home from school”指作者尤其在回家的路上会迷路。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但放学后，当所有的公共汽车都在街上排队时，我担心自己会坐错车，被带到一个不熟悉的社区。A. called打电话；B. backed支持；C. lined排队；D. packed打包。根据后文“up along the street”指所有的公共汽车都在街上排队，line up表示“排队”。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我小时候最害怕的事情之一就是不被别人喜欢或接受。A. protected保护；B. guided指导；C. believed相信；D. accepted接受。根据上文“of not being liked or”可知，作者害怕不被喜欢或接受。故选D。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时，受欢迎对我来说非常重要，而不被喜欢的恐惧是一种强大的恐惧。A. strict严格的；B. powerful强大的；C. heavy沉重的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据上文“Being popular was so important to me then”可知，作者渴望被人喜欢，受欢迎很重要，因此不被喜欢的恐惧是一种强大的恐惧。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：成长的过程之一就是能够认识并克服我们的恐惧。A. avoid避免；B. celebrate庆祝；C. overcome克服；D. contain包含。根据后文“Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.(了解小时候让我们害怕的事情有助于我们在以后的生活中取得更大的成功)”可知，这里指认识和克服恐惧。故选C。
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
【来源】北京昌平区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语试卷
Ecosia is a search engine that plants trees by donating majority of 11 (it) profit to environmental organizations. In return, the non-profit organizations used the fund to plant trees in the places 12 they are needed the most. With every search you make through Ecosia, you’re helping a global community that 13 (focus) on reforestation and forest conservation. With over 7 million Ecosia users, the company has already planted over 50 million trees. As internet users continue to search online on Ecosia, this number 14 (expect) to increase over the course of time.
【答案】11．its 12．where 13．focuses 14．is expected
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款名为Ecosia的搜索引擎，该搜索引擎通过将大部分利润捐赠给环境组织来种树。
11．考查代词。句意：Ecosia是一个将大部分利润捐赠给环境团体的植树搜索引擎。分析句子，设空处使用it的形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰profit。故填its。
12．考查定语从句。句意：作为回报，这些非营利组织利用这笔资金在最需要的地方植树。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词places。故填where。
13．考查动词时态。句意：你在Ecosia上的每一次搜索都是在帮助一个专注于重新造林和森林保护的全球社区。分析句子，设空处使用动词作that引导定语从句的谓语；主句中的are helping表示动作发生在现在，故使用一般现在时。that指代前文的community为单数，故谓语动词使用第三人称单数。故填focuses。
14．考查动词时态和语态。句意：随着互联网用户继续在Ecosia上进行在线搜索，这一数字预计将随着时间的推移而增加。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。此处this number与expect之间是被动关系，根据前文的continue可知，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时的被动语态，be expected to do为固定短语，意为“被期望做某事”。故填is expected。
B
阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
【来源】北京市房山区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末检测英语试卷
In a tiny school on the southern-most tip of New Zealand, children as young as five 15 (participate) in a rat catching competition recently. Each child was given their own trap, made out of 16 (recycle) billboards. They have been trapping at neighbours’ houses, in their sheds, and in their back yards over the past three months. They’re really into the competition. Their end goal is 17 (enable) bird species to recover.
【答案】15．have participated 16．recycled 17．to enable
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在新西兰南端的一所小学里，五岁大的孩子们参加了捉老鼠游戏。
15．考查现在完成时。句意：在新西兰最南端的一所小学校里，年仅五岁的孩子们参加最近参加了一场捉老鼠比赛。时间状语recently“最近”可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have/has done；主语是复数children，所以此处助动词需用have，故填have participated。
16．考查过去分词。句意：每个孩子都有自己的陷阱，由回收的广告牌制成。根据句意可知，此处表示“回收的广告牌”，recycle与billboard之间是被动关系，空处应为过去分词作定语，故填recycled。
17．考查不定式。句意：他们的最终目标是使鸟类物种能够恢复。根据句意可知，空处应为不定式作表语，表示目的，故填to enable。
C
阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
【来源】2024届北京市海淀区高三下学期二模考试英语试题
Many of our actions are initiated by emotion. Challenging situations will arise in our lives and 18 we handle these situations is a mark of how mature and independent we are. Keeping our emotions 19 dominating our lives is essential because stable emotion brings a sense of contentment and calm. Luckily, there are many 20 (help) techniques to control our emotions, such as meditation, yoga, and breathing exercises.
【答案】18．how 19．from 20．helpful
【导语】本文的体裁为说明文。作者介绍了控制情绪的重要性以及几种实用的方法。
18．考查连词。 句意：在我们的生活中会出现挑战性的情况，我们如何处理这些情况标志着我们的成熟和独立程度。本空用连接词how“如何”，引导主语语从句，表示方式，说明处理问题的方式。故填how。
19．考查固定短语。 句意：控制情绪不被其主宰我们的生活至关重要，因为稳定的情绪能带来满足感和平静。本空填介词from，keep...from...“阻止……做……，使……免于……”为固定短语。故填from。
20．考查形容词。 句意：幸运的是，有许多有用的技巧来控制我们的情绪，比如冥想、瑜伽和呼吸练习。本空用形容词helpful“有帮助的”，修饰名词techniques，作定语。故填helpful。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
【来源】2024届北京市房山区高三下学期一模英语试题
Volunteer in Africa
Dreaming of volunteering in Africa International Volunteer HQ (IVHQ) will enable you to be immersed in vibrant cultures, discover unique wildlife and make valuable contributions to the local communities.
Common questions about volunteering in Africa
What volunteer work in Africa does IVHQ offer
Whether you want to volunteer and teach English in Africa, support construction projects, wildlife volunteering, or nursing and medical volunteer abroad projects, IVHQ has volunteer work in Africa that is suitable for volunteers with a range of skills and experience.
How much does it cost to volunteer in Africa
Our fully hosted Africa volunteer programs start from as little as $20/day! This includes your accommodation, meals, airport pickup, orientation and comprehensive support services that you won’t find elsewhere.
Is it safe to volunteer in Africa
We have a comprehensive approach to managing safety and reducing risks across all of our programs, which gives volunteers the knowledge and confidence they need to stay safe, secure and healthy. This includes:
All local teams are trained in volunteer management, are required to undertake first aid training and ensure that programs adhere to IVHQ’s Risk Management Policy.
All IVHQ volunteers receive pre-departure and 24/7 in-country support, are required to have travel insurance and are strongly encouraged to take our online pre-departure training which can be accessed for free.
How to volunteer in Africa
Applying to volunteer in Africa is simple! Once you’ve decided which country you want to volunteer in and which Africa project you would like to join, you can apply. It’s free, only takes a few minutes and there is no commitment needed at this stage. Our team of Volunteer Travel Specialists will then guide you through the next steps to secure your spot and start preparing for your trip.
21．In Africa, IVHQ volunteers can ________.
A．manage construction projects
B．organize program orientation
C．work as language teachers
D．undertake first aid training
22．What does IVHQ provide to ensure the safety of volunteers
A．Volunteer projects suitable for all.
B．An online pre-departure training.
C．Well-trained local communities.
D．Lectures on cultural difference.
23．Which of the following should be done at the application stage
A．Selecting countries and projects.
B．Obtaining passports and visas.
C．Making some commitments.
D．Arranging accommodations.
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际志愿者组织(IVHQ)在非洲的志愿者项目。
21．细节理解题。根据What volunteer work in Africa does IVHQ offer (IVHQ在非洲提供哪些志愿工作 )部分中“Whether you want to volunteer and teach English in Africa, support construction projects, wildlife volunteering, or nursing and medical volunteer abroad projects, IVHQ has volunteer work in Africa that is suitable for volunteers with a range of skills and experience. (无论你是想在非洲做志愿者，教英语，支持建设项目，野生动物志愿者，还是海外护理和医疗志愿者项目，IVHQ在非洲都有适合你的志愿者工作，你需要有一系列的技能和经验。)”可知，在非洲，IVHQ的志愿者可以作语言教师。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据Is it safe to volunteer in Africa (在非洲做志愿者安全吗 )部分中“All IVHQ volunteers receive pre-departure and 24/7 in-country support, are required to have travel insurance and are strongly encouraged to take our online pre-departure training which can be accessed for free. (所有IVHQ志愿者在出发前都会得到全天候的国内支持，需要购买旅行保险，并强烈鼓励他们参加我们的在线出发前培训，这些培训可以免费获得。)”可知，为确保志愿者的安全，IVHQ提供出发前的在线培训。故选B项。
23．细节理解题。根据How to volunteer in Africa(如何在非洲做志愿者)部分中“Once you’ve decided which country you want to volunteer in and which Africa project you would like to join, you can apply. (一旦你决定了你想在哪个国家做志愿者，你想参加哪个非洲项目，你就可以申请了。)”可知，在申请阶段要选择国家和项目。故选A项。
B
【来源】北京市2024-2025学年新高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题
Years ago, we were living in a big nice house and I was going to the best elementary school in the city with my siblings. We had everything we could have wished for and we were still asking for more.
Mr. Sanchez used to mow our lawns. He was very hardworking. Often, he would bring his son that was my age. He had modest toys and modest clothes and he had a hard time fitting in with us mainly because I was too proud to consider him my equal. His name was Cabriel and he was a smart boy, despite all his “shortcomings”.
Days went by and we spent our time around each other but without any close connection. Fast forward to a couple of years and my father’s business hit the rock bottom. His partner took away all the money and left the country. Soon we had to leave our big house and settle into a small one and we were having a hard time meeting other expenses.
Mr. Sanchez was very kind during that time. He and Gabriel came once a week and helped me and my siblings get things in order. That was when Gabriel and I became good friends. We started talking in the evenings when I learnt he was going to start college and he was much smarter than me.
Later we came up with a business plan and founded a start-up. I felt no shame in confessing that Cabriel was much more instrumental in the rise of our company.
Later, all of my father’s debt was paid off and we were again a happy, prosperous family. I was a truly rich man because I had a great friend by my side for my whole life.
This experience was a valuable lesson for me. It does not take a life experience for people to go from rags to riches or the other way around. What is important is someone’s person and behavior toward his other fellows in real life.
24．What happened to the author’s family in his early years
A．Life expenses went up unexpectedly. B．A financial breakdown hit his family.
C．Their house was illegally taken away. D．They lost close connection with others.
25．What changed the author’s attitude towards Gabriel
A．Their partnership in business. B．The proof of Gabriel’s capability.
C．The change of his living condition. D．The consistent help from Gabriel.
26．Which of the following words best describe Gabriel
A．Intelligent and loyal. B．Persistent and ambitious.
C．Introverted but generous. D．Hardworking but modest.
27．What can we learn from this passage
A．Like father, like son. B．Birds of a feather flock together.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way. D．Never judge a book by its cover.
【答案】24．B 25．D 26．A 27．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从富裕到贫困再到重新崛起的经历，以及在这个过程中作者和为他家修剪草坪桑切斯先生儿子 Gabriel成为一生朋友的故事。文章强调了人品和行为的重要性。
24．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Days went by and we spent our time around each other but without any close connection. Fast forward to a couple of years and my father’s business hit the rock bottom. His partner took away all the money andleft the country. (日子一天天过去，我们在一起，但没有任何密切的联系。快进到几年后，我父亲的生意跌至谷底。他的合伙人拿走了所有的钱，离开了这个国家。)”可知，早年，作者家庭遭遇了经济崩溃。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Mr. Sanchez was very kind during that time. He and Gabriel came once a week and helped me and my siblings get things in order. That was when Gabriel and I became good friends.(桑切斯先生在那段时间非常善良。他和 Gabriel每周来一次，帮我和我的兄弟姐妹把事情安排妥当。就在那时， Gabriel和我成了好朋友。)”可知， Gabriel的持续帮助改变了作者对他的态度。故选D项。
26．推理判断题。由文章第二段“His name was Cabriel and he was a smart boy, despite all his‘shortcomings’.(他的名字叫 Gabriel，尽管他有‘缺点’，但他是个聪明的男孩。)”可知， Gabriel是一个聪明的孩子；再由第五段“Later we came up with a business plan and founded a start-up.I felt no shame in confessing that Cabriel was much more instrumental in the rise of our company.(后来我们想出了一个商业计划，成立了一家初创公司。我毫不羞愧地承认，Gabriel在我们公司的崛起中发挥了更大的作用。)”可知，Gabriel一直陪伴作者身旁奋斗，所以是一个忠诚的人。故选A项。
27．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“This experience was a valuable lesson for me. It does not take a life experience for people to go from rags to riches or the other way around. What is important is someone’s person and behavior toward his other fellows in real life.(这段经历对我来说是一个宝贵的教训。人们从赤贫到富裕或从富裕到赤贫，这并不能让我们得到生活经验。重要的是一个人在现实生活中对其他人的态度和行为。)”以及上文可知，文章主要讲作者改变对 Gabriel的看法，最后成为好朋友的故事，所以D项Never judge a book by its cover.(切勿以貌取人。)符合语境。故选D项。
C
【来源】北京市中国人民大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期检测英语试卷
We have been defending humanities for many decades now, but the crisis of the humanities only grows. In the face of declining student interest and mounting political scrutiny (审查), universities and colleges are increasingly putting humanities departments on the chopping block.
As a humanist, I am prepared to admit that I do not know what the value of the humanities is. I once asked the best teacher I ever had why she no longer taught her favorite novel, and she said that she stopped teaching a book when she found she was no longer curious about it. The humanistic spirit is, fundamentally, an inquisitive one.
In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not — and cannot be — conducted in an inquisitive spirit, because a defensive spirit is inimical to an inquisitive one. Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know.
Nonetheless, we should be alert to the danger of becoming accustomed to putting our worst foot forward. An atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and the pretense (假装) of knowing what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind.
A defensive mindset also encourages politicization. If the study of literature or philosophy helps to fight sexism or to promote democracy—and everyone agrees that sexism is bad, and democracy is good — then you have your answer as to why we shouldn’t cut funding for the study of literature or philosophy. Politicization is a way of arming the humanities for its political battles, but it comes at an intellectual cost. Why is sexism so bad Why is democracy so good Politicization silences these and other questions, whereas the function of the humanities is to raise them.
Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question. If at some point I am called on to defend the study of Homer or Descartes at some official hearing, I will do my best, but I will not run to battle; the battle will have to come to me.
The task of humanists is to invite, to welcome, to excite, to engage. And when we let ourselves be ourselves, when we allow the humanistic spirit that animates us to flow out not only into our classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible.
28．What is the author’s main concern regarding the crisis in humanities
A．The pressure on humanists to argue for the value of their disciplines.
B．The mounting political scrutiny faced by humanities departments.
C．People’s little knowledge regarding the purpose of humanities.
D．Students’ lack of interest in studying humanities courses.
29．What does the word “inimical” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．immune. B．relevant. C．sensitive. D．contrary.
30．What can be inferred about a defensive mindset
A．It brings about a lower chance of survival for humanities.
B．It requires a reflective mood on the study of humanities.
C．It leads to a compromise on human’s intellectual depth.
D．It is the worst action to take in the face of the crisis.
31．Which of the following might the author most probably agree
A．The battle of humanities is a hard one to fight.
B．The future of humanities remains cloudy.
C．Science is more useful than humanities.
D．Humanities may not need any defense.
【答案】28．A 29．D 30．C 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了人文学科所面临的危机，以及对人文学科的辩护。
28．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question.(并非只有人文主义者对自己学科的目的一无所知。但科学家们在解释它们为什么存在的压力要小得多，因为整个社会都相信自己已经找到了这个问题的答案)”可知，科学家们的压力要比人文主义者的压力小，因为他们在解释自己学科目的的压力要比人文主义者解释自己学科目的的压力小，所以人文学科危机的主要关注点是人文主义者为他们学科的价值而争论的压力。故选A。
29．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的“In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not — and cannot be — conducted in an inquisitive spirit, (相比之下，为人文学科辩护不是——也不可能——以一种好奇的精神进行的)”可推知，辩护精神和好奇精神应该是对立的，所以划线词意思是“对立的，相反的”，与contrary意思一致。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know.(必须承认，当砧板被拿出来，你需要解释为什么你不应该在砧板上时，防御性是一种可以理解的反应，这需要参与者假装知道他们实际上不知道的事情)”和第四段中的“An atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and the pretense (假装) of knowing what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind.(紧迫的气氛和立即采取行动的呼吁对文学和哲学等需要反思情绪的研究领域是敌对的，假装知道自己实际上不知道的东西对需要开放心态的探究形式是敌对的。)”可知，参与者假装知道他们实际上不知道的事情，这与人文学科需要开放心态的探究形式相敌对，由此可推测出，防御心态可导致人类智力深度的妥协。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“And when we let ourselves be ourselves, when we allow the humanistic spirit that animates us to flow out not only into our classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible.(当我们让自己成为自己，当我们让激励我们的人文精神不仅流入我们的课堂，而且流入我们的公开自我展示时，我们发现我们不需要捍卫或证明任何事情：我们是不可抗拒的。)”可知，作者认为人文学科可能不需要任何辩护。故选D。
D
【来源】北京市朝阳外国语学校2024-2025学年高三上学期 8月质量检测英语试题
As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling—what better way to break the image of 19th-century prudery (假正经) I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter —they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.
Of course, I need to admit that my collection of’ Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraits created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trend
During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were unbearably long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their uncomfortable positions. The thought of holding a fixed smile as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to consider, and so blank stare and facia expression became the norm.
But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital standards, the exposure was almost immediately done. Genuine smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.
One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheese smile. “Nature gave us lips to hide our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian maxim, given the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of uncleanliness. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular’ pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental cleanness was not guaranteed).
A toothy smile (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps, and music hall performers might smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly educated persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a heart y laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be “nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.
32．According to Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter ________.
A．changed people’s impression of the Victorians.
B．highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies.
C．re- evaluated the Victorian’s belief of public image.
D．illustrated the development of Victorian photography.
33．What can be inferred from the passage
A．The author’s collections mirror 19-century social conventions.
B．The author’s collections show effects of different exposure times.
C．The inherent social sensitiveness kept Victorians from smiling for pictures.
D．Victorians’ unhealthy dental conditions kept them from smiling for pictures.
34．Which would be the best title for this passage
A．Why did the Victorians start to view photographs
B．Why did most Victorians look serious in photographs
C．What made photography develop in the Victorian period
D．How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm
【答案】32．A 33．D 34．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章从作者发布在推特上的维多利亚时期的人微笑的照片入手，介绍了维多利亚时期的人拍照的时候很少笑的原因——牙口不好。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter —they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh.”（我找到了不少，而且——自从我开始在推特上发布它们以来——它们引起了相当大的轰动。人们惊讶地发现，有证据表明，维多利亚时代的人喜欢笑，能够笑，也确实笑过。）可知，作者发的推特改变了现代人们对于维多利亚时期人们的印象。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular’ pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental cleanness was not guaranteed).”（在维多利亚时代，一套健康、干净、普通的“珍珠白”是非常罕见的，只有超级富豪才能拥有(即使在那个时代，牙齿卫生也得不到保证)）可知，维多利亚不健康的牙齿状况可能会让他们在照片中不再微笑，故选D。
34．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Of course, I need to admit that my collection of’ Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraits created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trend ”（当然，我必须承认，我收藏的“微笑的维多利亚人”在1840年至1900年间创作的大量肖像摄影作品中只占很小的比例，其中大多数都是模特在彩色背景前悲惨而僵硬地摆着姿势，或者心不在焉地盯着中间的距离。我们如何解释这种趋势 ）以及下文探索了原因可知，文章主要解释了为什么大多数维多利亚时代的人在照片中看起来严肃。所以短文的标题为“为什么大多数维多利亚时代的人在照片中看起来都很严肃 ”。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
【来源】北京市2024-2025学年新高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题
Why Does Norm Matter Simply put, a norm is a rule that guides behavior among members of a society or group. Norms are social facts: things which exist in society independent of individuals, and that shape our thoughts and behavior. 35 .
While we can understand norms simply as rules that tell us what we should or shouldn’t do, there’s much more to them that sociologists find interesting and worthy of study. For example, sociological focus is often directed at how norms are disseminated — how we come to learn them. The process of socialization is guided by norms and taught to us by those around us, including our families, teachers, and authority figures from religion, politics, law, and popular culture. 36 We do this a lot as children, but we also do it as adults in unfamiliar spaces, among new groups of people, or in places we visit for this time. Learning the norms of any given space or group allows us to function in that setting, and to be accepted by those present.
As knowledge of how to operate in the world, norms are an important part of the cultural capital that each of us possesses and embodies. They are, in fact, cultural products and are culturally contextual, and they only exist if we realize them in our thought and behavior. For the most part, norms are things that we take for granted and spend little time thinking about, but they become highly visible and conscious when they are broken. 37 We abide them because we know that they exist and that we will face sanctions if we break them.
38 . If a person cuts the line or drops something that makes a mess and does nothing in response, others present might sanction their behavior visually with eye contact and facial expressions, or verbally.
Because they guide our behavior, and when broken, they enlist a reaction that is meant to reaffirm them and their cultural importance. They allow us to live our lives with an understanding of what we can expect from those around us. 39 Without norms, our world would be in chaos, and we wouldn’t know how to navigate it.
A．This would be a form of social approval.
B．As such, they have a forcing power over us.
C．Some norms can lead to serious social problems.
D．The everyday enforcement of them though is mostly unseen.
E．In many cases they allow us to feel safe and secure, and to operate at ease.
F．We learn them through spoken and written directive, but also through observing those around us.
G．They operate in our subconscious, and we don’t think consciously about them unless they are broken.
【答案】35．B 36．F 37．D 38．G 39．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。具体介绍了规范的特点和作用。
35．根据上句“Norms are social facts: things which exist in society independent of individuals, and that shape our thoughts and behavior. (规范是社会事实:独立于个人存在于社会中的事物，它塑造了我们的思想和行为。)”可知，设空处承接上句，继续说明规范的作用，B项：As such, they have a forcing power over us.(因此，他们对我们有一种强迫的力量。)合乎题意，其中“they”指代上句的“norms”。故选B。
36．根据上句“The process of socialization is guided by norms and taught to us by those around us, including our families, teachers, and authority figures from religion, politics, law, and popular culture (社会化的过程受到规范的引导，并由我们周围的人教给我们，包括我们的家庭、老师、宗教、政治、法律和流行文化中的权威人物)”设空处承接上句，说明学习规范的方式，F项：We learn them through spoken and written directive, but also through observing those around us.(我们通过口头和书面指示来学习它们，但也通过观察我们周围的人来学习。)承接上文，合乎题意。故选F。
37．根据上句“For the most part, norms are things that we take for granted and spend little time thinking about, but they become highly visible and conscious when they are broken (在大多数情况下，规范是我们认为理所当然的事情，很少花时间去思考，但当它们被打破时，它们变得非常明显和有意识)”以及后句“We abide them because we know that they exist and that we will face sanctions if we break them.(我们遵守它们，因为我们知道它们是存在的，如果我们违反它们，我们将面临制裁。)”可知，设空处和上句构成转折关系并介绍规范的日常执行的特点，D项：The everyday enforcement of them though is mostly unseen.(然而，它们的日常执行大多是看不见的。)合乎题意。故选D。
38．设空处位于段首，为段落主题句，根据后文“If a person cuts the line or drops something that makes a mess and does nothing in response, others present might sanction their behavior visually with eye contact and facial expressions, or verbally. (如果一个人插队或把东西弄得一团糟，却不做任何回应，在场的其他人可能会通过眼神交流、面部表情或语言来惩罚他们的行为。)”具体举例说明规范在潜意识中运作，G项：They operate in our subconscious, and we don’t think consciously about them unless they are broken.(它们在我们的潜意识中运作，除非它们被打破，否则我们不会有意识地去思考它们)总结本段，合乎题意。故选G。
39．根据上句“They allow us to live our lives with an understanding of what we can expect from those around us. (他们让我们在生活中了解我们可以从周围的人那里得到什么。)”设空处承接上句，说明规范的作用。E项：In many cases they allow us to feel safe and secure, and to operate at ease.(在很多情况下，它们让我们感到安全，让我们安心地操作。)合乎题意。故选E。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
【来源】北京市大兴区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题
Just as noise pollution negatively impacts human health, it also affects wildlife. It can affect animal communication, their abilities to find food and impact where they live. A recent study published in Biology Letters found that human-created noise is affecting a wide range of animals. Noise pollution is caused by cars, trucks, airplanes, ships, factories, industrial activities and sounds from cities, among others. Researchers found that wildlife in many different land and water ecosystems showed significant responses to human-created noise.
For example, bats use ultrasonic sound waves to get around and to find food. However, noise pollution affects this and causes them to spend more time and energy locating their food source. Shipping lanes in the UK can be deafening to harbor seals, and noises from ships are seriously impacting killer whales ability to find food and avoid potential dangers, according to episode 2 of CBC s Killers: J pod on the brink (边缘). And it’s no secret that many human-created conditions, like noise, are changing the behavior of birds. You may be surprised to learn that plants are also impacted, since pollinators (传粉昆虫) often relocate to quieter areas.
Not unlike the impact of light pollution on insects, noise pollution is causing change. It can change the types of species living in many different ecosystems, which in turn impacts the functions of these areas, according to The Guardian.
The good news is that if noise is reduced or simply turned off, it more or less removes the issue. The impact does not remain in the same way as other forms of pollution, like plastic or chemicals. And efforts are already underway in Canada.
BC Ferries is working to lessen the effects of underwater noise, especially along ferry routes that pass through critical habitats. WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society) Canada is encouraging the federal government to increase protective measures in the Arctic. They’re also working with international colleagues to address the increase of noise in the region as a result of new shipping routes.
While these initiatives demonstrate progress, tightening rules and regulations around noise pollution is an important measure for conserving wildlife in Canada.
40．Why do bats spend more time looking for food
41．What is the influence of noise pollution on ecosystems
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Noise pollution affects animals in many ways, and compared with other forms of pollution, noise pollution is harder to deal with.
43．Please give some advice on how to reduce the effects of noise pollution on animals. (In about 40 words)
【答案】40．Noise pollution affects their ability to use ultrasonic sound waves to get around and find food. 41．Noise pollution can change the types of species living in many different ecosystems, which in turn impacts the functions of these areas. 42．Noise pollution affects animals in many ways, and compared with other forms of pollution, noise pollution is harder to deal with.
According to the passage, noise pollution is not hard to deal with. The problem of noise pollution can be more or less removed by reducing noise or simply turning it off. However, plastic or chemical pollution is not that easy to get rid of because their impact can last a very long time. 43．To help animals in the sea we can establish quiet areas in the ocean, and develop quieter ships and machinery. To help animals on the land and in the air we can develop quieter cars and build noise reduction barriers around major traffic areas.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了噪音污染对动物的影响。
40．考查细节理解题。由文章第二段中“However, noise pollution affects this and causes them to spend more time and energy locating their food source. (然而，噪音污染影响了这一点，使它们花费更多的时间和精力来寻找食物来源。)”可知，噪音污染影响了它们利用超声波四处走动和寻找食物的能力，所以蝙蝠会花更多的时间寻找食物。故回答：Noise pollution affects their ability to use ultrasonic sound waves to get around and find food.
41．考查细节理解题。由文章第三段中“It can change the types of species living in many different ecosystems, which in turn impacts the functions of these areas, according to The Guardian. (据《卫报》报道，它可以改变生活在许多不同生态系统中的物种类型，从而影响这些地区的功能。)”可知，噪音污染会改变生活在许多不同生态系统中的物种类型，进而影响这些地区的功能。故回答：Noise pollution can change the types of species living in many different ecosystems, which in turn impacts the functions of these areas.
42．考查推理判断题。由文章第四段中“The good news is that if noise is reduced or simply turned off, it more or less removes the issue. The impact does not remain in the same way as other forms of pollution, like plastic or chemicals. And efforts are already underway in Canada. (好消息是，如果减少或干脆关闭噪音，它或多或少地解决了这个问题。这种影响与其他形式的污染(如塑料或化学品)不同。在加拿大，相关努力已经在进行中。)”可知，根据这篇文章，噪音污染并不难处理。通过减少噪音或简单地关闭噪音，或多或少可以消除噪音污染的问题。然而，塑料或化学污染并不容易消除，因为它们的影响可能会持续很长时间。故回答：Noise pollution affects animals in many ways, and compared with other forms of pollution, noise pollution is harder to deal with. According to the passage, noise pollution is not hard to deal with. The problem of noise pollution can be more or less removed by reducing noise or simply turning it off. However, plastic or chemical pollution is not that easy to get rid of because their impact can last a very long time.
43．考查开放性试题。为了帮助海洋中的动物，我们可以在海洋中建立安静的区域，并开发更安静的船只和机械。为了帮助陆地和空中的动物，我们可以开发更安静的汽车，并在主要交通区域周围建造降噪屏障。故回答：To help animals in the sea we can establish quiet areas in the ocean, and develop quieter ships and machinery. To help animals on the land and in the air we can develop quieter cars and build noise reduction barriers around major traffic areas.
第二节(20分)
【来源】北京市通州区潞河中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考英语试题
44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提及他对中国优秀传统文化感兴趣并渴望学习。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 从京剧、文学或绘画中选择其一推荐；
2. 说明推荐的理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad to hear that you have developed an interest in our excellent traditional culture and want to learn more about it. Among the fields of Peking Opera, literature, and painting, I would like to recommend Peking Opera to you for its unique charm.
Peking Opera is a traditional Chinese art form which has a history of more than 200 years and is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. There are several reasons why I recommend Peking Opera to you. Firstly, it is a perfect representation of Chinese traditional art, which can help you better understand our culture. Secondly, the skills and techniques involved in Peking Opera, such as face-painting and acrobatics, are highly challenging and require great dedication and perseverance, which I believe will inspire you. Lastly, watching Peking Opera performances can be a thrilling and memorable experience.
If you have any further questions or need more information, please don’t hesitate to ask me. I’m more than happy to help.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你的英国好友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提及他对中国优秀传统文化感兴趣并渴望学习。他向你咨询相关信息。要求考生就此内容写一封邮件进行回复。
【详解】1.词汇积累
开心的：glad→delighted
首先：firstly → first of all
最后：lastly→finally
令人激动的：thrilling→ exhilarating
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Among the fields of Peking Opera, literature, and painting, I would like to recommend Peking Opera to you for its unique charm.
拓展句：Among the fields of Peking Opera, literature, and painting, I would like to recommend Peking Opera to you, which is renowned for its unique charm.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Firstly, it is a perfect representation of Chinese traditional art, which can help you better understand our culture.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】 Lastly, watching Peking Opera performances can be a thrilling and memorable experience.（运用了动名词作主语的结构）备战2025年高考英语模拟卷（北京卷）
参考答案
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
【答案】
1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．C
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
【答案】11．its 12．where 13．focuses 14．is expected
【答案】15．have participated 16．recycled 17．to enable
【答案】18．how 19．from 20．helpful
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A
【答案】24．B 25．D 26．A 27．D
【答案】28．A 29．D 30．C 31．D
【答案】32．A 33．D 34．B
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
【答案】35．B 36．F 37．D 38．G 39．E
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
【答案】40．Noise pollution affects their ability to use ultrasonic sound waves to get around and find food. 41．Noise pollution can change the types of species living in many different ecosystems, which in turn impacts the functions of these areas. 42．Noise pollution affects animals in many ways, and compared with other forms of pollution, noise pollution is harder to deal with.
According to the passage, noise pollution is not hard to deal with. The problem of noise pollution can be more or less removed by reducing noise or simply turning it off. However, plastic or chemical pollution is not that easy to get rid of because their impact can last a very long time. 43．To help animals in the sea we can establish quiet areas in the ocean, and develop quieter ships and machinery. To help animals on the land and in the air we can develop quieter cars and build noise reduction barriers around major traffic areas.
第二节(20分)
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad to hear that you have developed an interest in our excellent traditional culture and want to learn more about it. Among the fields of Peking Opera, literature, and painting, I would like to recommend Peking Opera to you for its unique charm.
Peking Opera is a traditional Chinese art form which has a history of more than 200 years and is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. There are several reasons why I recommend Peking Opera to you. Firstly, it is a perfect representation of Chinese traditional art, which can help you better understand our culture. Secondly, the skills and techniques involved in Peking Opera, such as face-painting and acrobatics, are highly challenging and require great dedication and perseverance, which I believe will inspire you. Lastly, watching Peking Opera performances can be a thrilling and memorable experience.
If you have any further questions or need more information, please don’t hesitate to ask me. I’m more than happy to help.
Yours,
Li Hua备战2025年高考英语模拟卷（北京卷）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
【来源】2023届北京市北京交通大学附属中学高三三模英语试题
As a child, I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost; these fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.
Maybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that 1 me so much. There was never total 2 , but a streetlight or passing car lights made clothes hung over a chair take on the 3 of a wild animal. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw the curtains seem to move when there was no wind. A tiny sound in the floor would seem a hundred times louder than in the daylight. My 4 would run wild, and my heart would beat fast. I would 5 very still so that the “enemy” would not discover me.
Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost, 6 on the way home from school. Every morning I got on the school bus right near my home — that was no problem. After school though, when all the buses were 7 up along the street, I was afraid that I’d get on the wrong one and be taken to some unfamiliar neighborhood. On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldn’t let the leaders out of my sight.
Perhaps one of the worst fears of all I had as a child was that of not being liked or 8 by others. Being popular was so important to me then, and the fear of not being liked was a 9 one.
One of the processes of growing up is being able to recognize and 10 our fears. Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.
1．A．wounded B．destroyed C．surprised D．frightened
2．A．quietness B．darkness C．emptiness D．loneliness
3．A．spirit B．height C．body D．shape
4．A．belief B．feeling C．imagination D．doubt
5．A．lie B．hide C．rest D．wake
6．A．especially B．occasionally C．probably D．constantly
7．A．called B．backed C．lined D．packed
8．A．protected B．guided C．believed D．accepted
9．A．strict B．powerful C．heavy D．meaningful
10．A．avoid B．celebrate C．overcome D．contain
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
【来源】北京昌平区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语试卷
Ecosia is a search engine that plants trees by donating majority of 11 (it) profit to environmental organizations. In return, the non-profit organizations used the fund to plant trees in the places 12 they are needed the most. With every search you make through Ecosia, you’re helping a global community that 13 (focus) on reforestation and forest conservation. With over 7 million Ecosia users, the company has already planted over 50 million trees. As internet users continue to search online on Ecosia, this number 14 (expect) to increase over the course of time.
B
阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
【来源】北京市房山区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末检测英语试卷
In a tiny school on the southern-most tip of New Zealand, children as young as five 15 (participate) in a rat catching competition recently. Each child was given their own trap, made out of 16 (recycle) billboards. They have been trapping at neighbours’ houses, in their sheds, and in their back yards over the past three months. They’re really into the competition. Their end goal is 17 (enable) bird species to recover.
C
阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
【来源】2024届北京市海淀区高三下学期二模考试英语试题
Many of our actions are initiated by emotion. Challenging situations will arise in our lives and 18 we handle these situations is a mark of how mature and independent we are. Keeping our emotions 19 dominating our lives is essential because stable emotion brings a sense of contentment and calm. Luckily, there are many 20 (help) techniques to control our emotions, such as meditation, yoga, and breathing exercises.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
【来源】2024届北京市房山区高三下学期一模英语试题
Volunteer in Africa
Dreaming of volunteering in Africa International Volunteer HQ (IVHQ) will enable you to be immersed in vibrant cultures, discover unique wildlife and make valuable contributions to the local communities.
Common questions about volunteering in Africa
What volunteer work in Africa does IVHQ offer
Whether you want to volunteer and teach English in Africa, support construction projects, wildlife volunteering, or nursing and medical volunteer abroad projects, IVHQ has volunteer work in Africa that is suitable for volunteers with a range of skills and experience.
How much does it cost to volunteer in Africa
Our fully hosted Africa volunteer programs start from as little as $20/day! This includes your accommodation, meals, airport pickup, orientation and comprehensive support services that you won’t find elsewhere.
Is it safe to volunteer in Africa
We have a comprehensive approach to managing safety and reducing risks across all of our programs, which gives volunteers the knowledge and confidence they need to stay safe, secure and healthy. This includes:
All local teams are trained in volunteer management, are required to undertake first aid training and ensure that programs adhere to IVHQ’s Risk Management Policy.
All IVHQ volunteers receive pre-departure and 24/7 in-country support, are required to have travel insurance and are strongly encouraged to take our online pre-departure training which can be accessed for free.
How to volunteer in Africa
Applying to volunteer in Africa is simple! Once you’ve decided which country you want to volunteer in and which Africa project you would like to join, you can apply. It’s free, only takes a few minutes and there is no commitment needed at this stage. Our team of Volunteer Travel Specialists will then guide you through the next steps to secure your spot and start preparing for your trip.
21．In Africa, IVHQ volunteers can ________.
A．manage construction projects
B．organize program orientation
C．work as language teachers
D．undertake first aid training
22．What does IVHQ provide to ensure the safety of volunteers
A．Volunteer projects suitable for all.
B．An online pre-departure training.
C．Well-trained local communities.
D．Lectures on cultural difference.
23．Which of the following should be done at the application stage
A．Selecting countries and projects.
B．Obtaining passports and visas.
C．Making some commitments.
D．Arranging accommodations.
B
【来源】北京市2024-2025学年新高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题
Years ago, we were living in a big nice house and I was going to the best elementary school in the city with my siblings. We had everything we could have wished for and we were still asking for more.
Mr. Sanchez used to mow our lawns. He was very hardworking. Often, he would bring his son that was my age. He had modest toys and modest clothes and he had a hard time fitting in with us mainly because I was too proud to consider him my equal. His name was Cabriel and he was a smart boy, despite all his “shortcomings”.
Days went by and we spent our time around each other but without any close connection. Fast forward to a couple of years and my father’s business hit the rock bottom. His partner took away all the money and left the country. Soon we had to leave our big house and settle into a small one and we were having a hard time meeting other expenses.
Mr. Sanchez was very kind during that time. He and Gabriel came once a week and helped me and my siblings get things in order. That was when Gabriel and I became good friends. We started talking in the evenings when I learnt he was going to start college and he was much smarter than me.
Later we came up with a business plan and founded a start-up. I felt no shame in confessing that Cabriel was much more instrumental in the rise of our company.
Later, all of my father’s debt was paid off and we were again a happy, prosperous family. I was a truly rich man because I had a great friend by my side for my whole life.
This experience was a valuable lesson for me. It does not take a life experience for people to go from rags to riches or the other way around. What is important is someone’s person and behavior toward his other fellows in real life.
24．What happened to the author’s family in his early years
A．Life expenses went up unexpectedly. B．A financial breakdown hit his family.
C．Their house was illegally taken away. D．They lost close connection with others.
25．What changed the author’s attitude towards Gabriel
A．Their partnership in business. B．The proof of Gabriel’s capability.
C．The change of his living condition. D．The consistent help from Gabriel.
26．Which of the following words best describe Gabriel
A．Intelligent and loyal. B．Persistent and ambitious.
C．Introverted but generous. D．Hardworking but modest.
27．What can we learn from this passage
A．Like father, like son. B．Birds of a feather flock together.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way. D．Never judge a book by its cover.
C
【来源】北京市中国人民大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期检测英语试卷
We have been defending humanities for many decades now, but the crisis of the humanities only grows. In the face of declining student interest and mounting political scrutiny (审查), universities and colleges are increasingly putting humanities departments on the chopping block.
As a humanist, I am prepared to admit that I do not know what the value of the humanities is. I once asked the best teacher I ever had why she no longer taught her favorite novel, and she said that she stopped teaching a book when she found she was no longer curious about it. The humanistic spirit is, fundamentally, an inquisitive one.
In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not — and cannot be — conducted in an inquisitive spirit, because a defensive spirit is inimical to an inquisitive one. Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know.
Nonetheless, we should be alert to the danger of becoming accustomed to putting our worst foot forward. An atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and the pretense (假装) of knowing what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind.
A defensive mindset also encourages politicization. If the study of literature or philosophy helps to fight sexism or to promote democracy—and everyone agrees that sexism is bad, and democracy is good — then you have your answer as to why we shouldn’t cut funding for the study of literature or philosophy. Politicization is a way of arming the humanities for its political battles, but it comes at an intellectual cost. Why is sexism so bad Why is democracy so good Politicization silences these and other questions, whereas the function of the humanities is to raise them.
Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question. If at some point I am called on to defend the study of Homer or Descartes at some official hearing, I will do my best, but I will not run to battle; the battle will have to come to me.
The task of humanists is to invite, to welcome, to excite, to engage. And when we let ourselves be ourselves, when we allow the humanistic spirit that animates us to flow out not only into our classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible.
28．What is the author’s main concern regarding the crisis in humanities
A．The pressure on humanists to argue for the value of their disciplines.
B．The mounting political scrutiny faced by humanities departments.
C．People’s little knowledge regarding the purpose of humanities.
D．Students’ lack of interest in studying humanities courses.
29．What does the word “inimical” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．immune. B．relevant. C．sensitive. D．contrary.
30．What can be inferred about a defensive mindset
A．It brings about a lower chance of survival for humanities.
B．It requires a reflective mood on the study of humanities.
C．It leads to a compromise on human’s intellectual depth.
D．It is the worst action to take in the face of the crisis.
31．Which of the following might the author most probably agree
A．The battle of humanities is a hard one to fight.
B．The future of humanities remains cloudy.
C．Science is more useful than humanities.
D．Humanities may not need any defense.
D
【来源】北京市朝阳外国语学校2024-2025学年高三上学期 8月质量检测英语试题
As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling—what better way to break the image of 19th-century prudery (假正经) I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter —they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.
Of course, I need to admit that my collection of’ Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraits created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trend
During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were unbearably long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their uncomfortable positions. The thought of holding a fixed smile as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to consider, and so blank stare and facia expression became the norm.
But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital standards, the exposure was almost immediately done. Genuine smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.
One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheese smile. “Nature gave us lips to hide our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian maxim, given the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of uncleanliness. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular’ pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental cleanness was not guaranteed).
A toothy smile (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps, and music hall performers might smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly educated persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a heart y laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be “nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.
32．According to Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter ________.
A．changed people’s impression of the Victorians.
B．highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies.
C．re- evaluated the Victorian’s belief of public image.
D．illustrated the development of Victorian photography.
33．What can be inferred from the passage
A．The author’s collections mirror 19-century social conventions.
B．The author’s collections show effects of different exposure times.
C．The inherent social sensitiveness kept Victorians from smiling for pictures.
D．Victorians’ unhealthy dental conditions kept them from smiling for pictures.
34．Which would be the best title for this passage
A．Why did the Victorians start to view photographs
B．Why did most Victorians look serious in photographs
C．What made photography develop in the Victorian period
D．How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
【来源】北京市2024-2025学年新高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题
Why Does Norm Matter Simply put, a norm is a rule that guides behavior among members of a society or group. Norms are social facts: things which exist in society independent of individuals, and that shape our thoughts and behavior. 35 .
While we can understand norms simply as rules that tell us what we should or shouldn’t do, there’s much more to them that sociologists find interesting and worthy of study. For example, sociological focus is often directed at how norms are disseminated — how we come to learn them. The process of socialization is guided by norms and taught to us by those around us, including our families, teachers, and authority figures from religion, politics, law, and popular culture. 36 We do this a lot as children, but we also do it as adults in unfamiliar spaces, among new groups of people, or in places we visit for this time. Learning the norms of any given space or group allows us to function in that setting, and to be accepted by those present.
As knowledge of how to operate in the world, norms are an important part of the cultural capital that each of us possesses and embodies. They are, in fact, cultural products and are culturally contextual, and they only exist if we realize them in our thought and behavior. For the most part, norms are things that we take for granted and spend little time thinking about, but they become highly visible and conscious when they are broken. 37 We abide them because we know that they exist and that we will face sanctions if we break them.
38 . If a person cuts the line or drops something that makes a mess and does nothing in response, others present might sanction their behavior visually with eye contact and facial expressions, or verbally.
Because they guide our behavior, and when broken, they enlist a reaction that is meant to reaffirm them and their cultural importance. They allow us to live our lives with an understanding of what we can expect from those around us. 39 Without norms, our world would be in chaos, and we wouldn’t know how to navigate it.
A．This would be a form of social approval.
B．As such, they have a forcing power over us.
C．Some norms can lead to serious social problems.
D．The everyday enforcement of them though is mostly unseen.
E．In many cases they allow us to feel safe and secure, and to operate at ease.
F．We learn them through spoken and written directive, but also through observing those around us.
G．They operate in our subconscious, and we don’t think consciously about them unless they are broken.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
【来源】北京市大兴区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题
Just as noise pollution negatively impacts human health, it also affects wildlife. It can affect animal communication, their abilities to find food and impact where they live. A recent study published in Biology Letters found that human-created noise is affecting a wide range of animals. Noise pollution is caused by cars, trucks, airplanes, ships, factories, industrial activities and sounds from cities, among others. Researchers found that wildlife in many different land and water ecosystems showed significant responses to human-created noise.
For example, bats use ultrasonic sound waves to get around and to find food. However, noise pollution affects this and causes them to spend more time and energy locating their food source. Shipping lanes in the UK can be deafening to harbor seals, and noises from ships are seriously impacting killer whales ability to find food and avoid potential dangers, according to episode 2 of CBC s Killers: J pod on the brink (边缘). And it’s no secret that many human-created conditions, like noise, are changing the behavior of birds. You may be surprised to learn that plants are also impacted, since pollinators (传粉昆虫) often relocate to quieter areas.
Not unlike the impact of light pollution on insects, noise pollution is causing change. It can change the types of species living in many different ecosystems, which in turn impacts the functions of these areas, according to The Guardian.
The good news is that if noise is reduced or simply turned off, it more or less removes the issue. The impact does not remain in the same way as other forms of pollution, like plastic or chemicals. And efforts are already underway in Canada.
BC Ferries is working to lessen the effects of underwater noise, especially along ferry routes that pass through critical habitats. WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society) Canada is encouraging the federal government to increase protective measures in the Arctic. They’re also working with international colleagues to address the increase of noise in the region as a result of new shipping routes.
While these initiatives demonstrate progress, tightening rules and regulations around noise pollution is an important measure for conserving wildlife in Canada.
40．Why do bats spend more time looking for food
41．What is the influence of noise pollution on ecosystems
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Noise pollution affects animals in many ways, and compared with other forms of pollution, noise pollution is harder to deal with.
43．Please give some advice on how to reduce the effects of noise pollution on animals. (In about 40 words)
第二节(20分)
【来源】北京市通州区潞河中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考英语试题
44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提及他对中国优秀传统文化感兴趣并渴望学习。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 从京剧、文学或绘画中选择其一推荐；
2. 说明推荐的理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
