中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024-2025学年八年级上期中考点大串讲(牛津版)
专题03 短语、重点句式、语法归纳(考点清单)
Unit 1 Encyclopedias
重点短语
1.in the countryside 在乡村;在农村 2.human being 人
3.die out 灭绝;消失 4.at the end of 在……的最后
5.find out 了解(到);弄清 6. go for a walk 去散步
7.break open 破开;破裂 8.big attractions 大的景点
9.in dry weather 在干燥的气候中 10.be important to sb. 对某人而言很重要
11.climb up 攀登;爬
语法精萃
A some和any的用法
1. some和any都表示“一些;某些”的意思,都可以修饰可数名词复数形式和不可数名词。some常用于
肯定句中,any常用于否定句、疑问句中。如:
There is some water in the glass. 杯子里有一些水。
There isn’t any milk in the fridge. 冰箱里没牛奶。
2当some用于疑问句时,表示请求、建议,并期望得到对方的肯定回答。如:
Would you like some fish 想吃点儿鱼吗?
B somebody, anybody, nobody等的用法
1.由some,any,no,every加上?body,-one,-thing构成的不
定代词,叫做复合不定代词。如:
somebody = someone 某(些)人 something 某物;某事
anybody = anyone 任何人
anything任何事情(东西);某些事情(东西)
nobody = no one 没有人 nothing 没有东西;没事
everybody = everyone 人人;所有人 everything所有事物;一切
2复合不定代词相当于名词,在句中作主语和宾语。这些代词都作单数看待,作主语时动词用单数形式。3.由some和any构成的复合不定代词的区别与some和any的区别一样,something,somebody, someone一般用于肯定句,anything,anybody, anyone一般用于否定句或疑问句中。something,somebody, someone用于疑问句中时,表示请求、建议,并期望得到对方的肯定回答。
4.复合不定代词被定语所修饰时,定语放在它们的后面。
重点句式
1.From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.
他从小就表现出很高的智力和艺术能力。
2.As he grew older, ...随着年龄的增长。。。
3.Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.
恐龙比人类早6000多万年生活在地球上。
4.They lived everywhere on Earth.他们生活在地球上的任何地方
5.Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants.
有些恐龙像鸡一样小。其他的有十头大象那么大。
6.It just takes hard work and ...这需要努力工作。。。
7.It’s always useful to have an encyclopaedia around the house.
家里有一本百科全书总是有用的。
8.It’ll be a great help with your studies.这对你的学习会有很大的帮助
9.The idea worked.这个想法奏效了。
Unit 2 Numbers
重点短语
1.play chess 下国际象棋 2. a long time ago 很早以前
3. challenge...to... 向某人挑战 4. would like 想要
5. and so on 等等 6. from then on 从那以后
7. take place 发生 8. both... and... .....和....都....
9. copy down 抄写 10. at first 起初
11. in this way 用这种方式 12. all the year around 一年到头
语法精萃
一、定义与分类
数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词,如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等;表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。
二、基数词
1. hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百万), billion(十亿)
About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。
Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。
There are in our school.
A. six hundred B. six hundred of (×) C. six hundreds (×)
D. six hundreds of (×) E. hundred (×) F. hundreds (×)
G. hundreds of (Tips: S, of 总相随,数字S冤家一队. )
2. 表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如:
He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出头。
This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在20世纪30年代。
one two three four five six seven eight nine
first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth
eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen
eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth
twenty thirty hundred thousand million
twentieth thirtieth hundredth thousandth millionth
三、序数词 ( hundred—hundredth thousand—thousandth million--millionth)
基数词表示几个,后接名词复数,而序数词表示第几个(即一个),后接可数名词的单数。
如:six friends(六个朋友) the sixth friend(第六个朋友)
序数词前通常要用定冠词,但表示考试或比赛等的名次时,通常可省略其前的定冠词。
如:My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼,他的房间在四楼。
He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。
注:有时序数词前不用定冠词,而用不定冠词,表示次第在原有基础上的增加。
如:We’ll have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次。
四、分数、倍数、小数和百分数
1. 分数。分数由基数词和序数词构成:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子超过“1”时,分母用复数。 如:
two thirds=2/3 three fifths=3/5
注:1/2 通常读作 a [one] half,一般不读作a second;1/4 可读作 a [one] fourth,也可读作 a [one] quarter。
2. 倍数。英语中表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three times等之类的词。如:
They’re twice the size of chickens. 它们比鸡大一倍。
Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。
3. 百分数。百分数由基数词和百分号(%)组成,百分号(%)读作 percent。如:
thirty percent=30% 60 percent=60%
4、小数。 小数点前的数按总数念,同其它基数词读法一样,小数点用point,小数点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。如: 9.65读作nine point six five。218.39读作two hundred and eighteen point three nine。
五、表示日期
2006年10月October 2006 读作October, two thousand and six
1600年5月2日May 2nd, 2005 读作the second of May, sixteen hundred
六、表示钟点
半小时用half,一刻钟用a quarter,半小时以内用past,超过半小时用to。
08:00 eight o’clock或eight 09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine
02:30 two thirty或half past/after two 05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six
七、表示约数
1. 用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。如:
Thousands of people died in the earthquake.数以千计的人死于地震。
2. 用less than, under, below, almost, nearly, up to等来表示小于或接近某数目。
如: nearly two hours将近两个小时。
3. 用more than, beyond, or more, over, above等来表示超过或多于某个数目。
如: more than 100 years一百多年。
4. 用or, or so, about, around, some, more or less等表示在某一数目左右。
如: about 50 pens大约五十支钢笔,a month or so大约一个月。
5. 用to, from…to…, between…and表示介于两数词。如:
His salary rose from 100 dollars a month to 120 dollars a month.
他的工资从每月100美元升到了每月120美元。
重点句式
1.The king promised the old man, “You can have any prize if you win the game.”
国王答应老人:“如果你赢了这场比赛,你可以得到任何奖品。
2.Is that all 就这些吗?
3.Wouldn’t you like gold or silver instead 你不喜欢黄金还是白银?
4.Can I check them with you 我可以和你核对一下吗?
5.However, they could only count small numbers in this way.
然而,他们只能用这种方式计算小数字。
6.They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could carry them around easily.
他们经常把代币放在绳子上,这样他们就可以很容易地随身携带
Unit 3 Computers
重点短语
1.Work as从事…工作 2.(be)unaware of没意识到;未察觉
3.depend on依靠 4.in addition除……以外(还)
5.one day总有一天;有朝一日 6.be able to能够
7.happen to.发生在…身上 8.grand total总计;共计
9. stop sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事 10.look forward to(doing)sth.盼望(做)某事
11. be short of 缺乏;缺失 12. in the 1940s 在20世纪40年代
13 at a faster speed 以更快的速度
语法精萃
形容词的比较级和最高级
英语中的形容词,在表示“比较……”和“最……”这样的概念时,要用特别的形式,称为比较级和最高级,与之相对,原来的形式称为原级。
1.形容词比较级的用法
句型:A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B。
两者相比较,表示“A比B更……一些”时,要用than引出比较的对象。
如:He is taller than me. 他比我高。
句型:Which+ be+形容词比较级,A or B 如:
Which is cheaper, the shirt or the dress
哪件便宜些,衬衫还是 裙子?
2.形容词最高级的用法
句型:A + be + the +形容词最高级+名词+表示比较范围的 介词短语或从句。
三者或三者以上相比较,表示“A是(所有……中)最…… 的”。 如:
The Yangtze is the biggest river in our country.
长江是我国最大的河流。
Which+ be+ the+形容词最高级,A,B or C 如:
Which is the largest, China, Russia or Canada
哪一个国家最大,中国、俄罗斯还是加拿大?
3、形容词常用结构
1,A>B 比较级+than
2,A=B as…as
3, A4, 比较级的修饰语有 than:
much, even, a little, a lot, + 比较级
5,比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越”
warmer and warmer, nicer and nicer, more and more beautiful,
The +比较级, the +比较级 表示“越来越” the more, the better.
6, 表示“最……之一”,用one of +最高级+复数名词;
基本句型示例:
1.我觉得英语和语文一样重要。
In my point of view, English is as important as Chinese.
【解说】as important as (A=B as…as句式)
2. 我姐姐我细心得多。
My sister is much more careful than me.
【解说】much more careful (A>B 比较级+than ,much修饰比较级)
3.这本书不及那本书有趣。
This book isn’t as/so interesting as that one
【解说】isn’t as/so interesting as (A4. 老师告诉我们一些有趣的事情
The teacher told us something interesting.
【解说】something interesting。(形容词修饰不定代词后置)
5. 那个公园变得越来越美丽。
The park is getting more and more beautiful.
【解说】more and more beautiful(比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越”)
6. 雨正变得越来越大。
The rain is becoming heavier and heavier.
【解说】heavier and heavier (比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越”)
7. 你吃的越多就越胖。
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
【解说】The more the fatter.( The +比较级, the +比较级 表示“越来越”)
8.这本书比那本书难
The book is more difficult than that one
【解说】more difficult than (A>B 比较级+than ,much修饰比较级)
9.中山是中国最美丽的城市之一。
Zhongshan is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
【解说】the most beautiful (表示“最……之一”,用one of +最高级+复数名词)
10 这本书比那本书更有得多趣。
This book is a lot more interesting than that one.
【解说】a lot more interesting than (a lot 修饰比较级)
重点句式
1.Now computers are becoming smaller and better.
现在电脑越来越小,越来越好。
2.You depend on computers more than you realize.
你对电脑的依赖比你意识到的要多。
3.Your brain can produce new ideas but computers cannot.
你的大脑可以产生新想法,但电脑不能。
4.Computers may change our lives, but will they make them better
电脑可能会改变我们的生活,但它们会让生活变得更好吗?
5... is probably a better choice for you.对你来说可能是个更好的选择。
6.I look forward to your reply.我期待你的答复。
7.In the past, students used to play outside more often, but now they spend more time in front of computers.
过去,学生们经常在外面玩,但现在他们花更多的时间在电脑前。
8.They’ll also give some advice on how to use computers for studying.
他们还将就如何使用电脑学习提供一些建议。
9.I hope we can all work together to ...我希望我们能共同努力。。。
Unit 4 inventions
重点短语
1.since then自那以来 2.in history在历史上
3.keep in touch with与……保持联系 4. in the daytime在白天
5. keep…off使…不接近(或不接触、远离)… 6. at the same time同时
7. help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 8. start to do sth./ doing sth.开始做
9. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做 10. instead of prep.代替,作为…的替换
11. in the early 19th century在19世纪早期 12. turn into 变成
语法精萃
A. good, bad 和far的比较级及最高级
学习good,bad和far 的比较级及最高级。这三个单词的比较级及最高级是特殊变化形式,没有规律可
循,需要记忆。请看下表:
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
bad worse worst
far farther / further farthest / furthest
注意:farther 和further 都是far 的比较级,两者的区别如下:
farther 指距离或时间上“更远的(地)”
further 指距离或时间上“更远的(地)”,可与farther互换
指程度上“更进一步;更深远”
例如:Guangzhou is farther / further from Beijing than Shanghai is.
比起上海,广州离北京更远。
We are waiting for the further report about the weather.我们正在等待进一步的天气报道。
He studied much further in this subject than any other student in his class.
在这个学科上,他学得比班上其他学生深入得多了。
B. (not) as ... as
1.as ... as 意为“和……一样”,表示同级的比较。
使用时要注意第一个as 为副词,第二个as 为连词。
其基本结构为as +形容词或副词原级+ as。
例如:This game is as interesting as that one. 这个游戏和那个一样有趣。
2.其否定式为not as / so +形容词或副词原级+as,意为“不如……”。
例如:This car is not as / so expensive as that one. 这辆轿车不如那辆贵。
3.若有修饰成分,如a quarter,half,twice,three times 等,则须置于第一个as 之前。
例如:Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。
重点句式
1.Great inventions change the world.
伟大的发明改变了世界。
2.The wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history.
轮子也许是历史上最伟大的发明。
3.They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.
他们允许人们随时随地保持联系。
4.With light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime.
有了灯泡,人们可以在晚上和白天做尽可能多的事情。
5.Can you imagine living without them
你能想象没有它们的生活吗?
6.What is the most useful invention to you and your family
对你和你的家人来说,最有用的发明是什么?
7.What is special about it
它有什么特别之处?
8.You will be as free as a bird.
你会像鸟儿一样自由。
9.The ballpoint pen was a great success.
圆珠笔大获成功。
10.People will always remember ... for his invention.
人们会永远记住。。。为了他的发明。
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