专题02 Units 1~4 语法精讲【期中考点大通关】2024-2025学年九年级英语上学期（沪教牛津版）

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牛津版九年级上期中考点串讲
Units1-4
语法精讲
目
录
CONTENT
句子的种类及反意疑问句
Unit1
不定式作定语 ,主语,表语
Unit 2
系动词
Unit 3
句子成分,基本句型
Unit 4
Unit1 Wise men in history
A 反意疑问句
反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个简略式的疑问句构成。若陈述句部分为肯定式，疑问部分一般用否定式；若陈述句部分为否定式，则疑问部分一般用肯定式。陈述句部分如果有动词be、助动词或情态动词时，疑问部分要重复这些词。疑问部分的主语一般要用代词形式。如：
Mike was a singer, wasn’t he 迈克是个歌手，是不是？
Lily came home late, didn’t she 莉莉很晚到家，是不是？
Ann and Mary won’t come, will they 安和玛丽不会来了，是吗？
You can’t work out the problem, can you
你做不出这道题，是吗？
特殊变化的反意疑问句：
1 陈述句部分若是I am，疑问部分要用aren’t I。如：
I am very happy, aren’t I 我很开心，不是吗？
2 陈述句部分主语是everybody, everyone, somebody或
these, those时，疑问部分用they作代词；陈述句部分主语
是everything, nothing, something或this, that时，疑问部
分用it作代词。如：
Everybody is here, aren’t they 大家都到齐了，是吗？
Everything is ready, isn’t it 一切都准备好了，是吗？
3 当陈述句部分含有no, never, little, few, hardly, seldom等否
定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：
No one knows you at the university, do they
这个大学没人认识你，是吗？
She has never been to Australia, has she
她从未去过澳大利亚，是吗？
4 陈述句部分是“I don’t think / believe + 从句”时，疑问部分用
肯定形式且对从句提问。如：
I don’t think you are a teacher, are you
我认为你不是个教师，对不对？
5 陈述句部分中含有动词have：
(1) have意思是“有”时，疑问部分有两种形式：
He hasn’t any sisters, has he
（英式英语）他没有姐妹，是不是？
He doesn’t have any sisters, does he
（美式英语）他没有姐妹，是不是？
(2) 当have作“经历；遭受；得到；吃”等意思时，疑问部分只用do
的适当形式。如：
You all had a good time, didn’t you
你们都玩得很愉快，是吗？
(3) 当陈述句谓语动词含有have to，had to时，疑问部分用do的
适当形式。如：
We have to get there before six tomorrow, don’t we
我们明天必须6点前赶到那儿，是不是？
6 当领先的句子为祈使句时，疑问部分一般用will you。如：
Please open the window, will you 请开窗，好吗？
Don’t open the window, will you 别开窗，好吗？
7 以Let’s开头的句子，疑问部分用shall we。如：
Let’s do it right now, shall we 咱们现在就开始，好吗？
B 句子种类
句子种类 用 法 示 例 1. 陈述句 用来陈述事实或表达说话者看法的句子。句末用句号。有肯定句和否定句两种形式。 This is a beautiful garden. 这是一座漂亮的花园。 We didn’t go to school yesterday. 我们昨天没上学。 2. 疑问句 用来提问的句子。句末用问号。有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种，初中阶段要求掌握前三种。 （1）一般疑问句 用yes或no回答的问句。 Are you a student 你是学生吗？
Do you like singing 你喜欢唱歌吗？
（2）特殊疑问句 需要使用相应的疑问词来提问。常见的疑问词：what什么，what time几点，when何时，where何地，why为什么，which哪个，who谁，whom（宾格）谁，whose谁的，how如何，how old多大年纪，how much多少，how many多少，how often多久一次，how far多远，how long多久，how soon多久以后 Who is your English teacher
你们的英语老师是谁？
How many people are there in your family
你家里有几口人？
Which bike is yours 哪辆单车是你的？
Whose book is on the floor 谁的书在地板上？
How long have you studied English
你学英语多久了？
（3）选择疑问句 选择部分由连词or连接。 What would you like, tea or coffee
你想喝什么，茶还是咖啡？
3. 祈使句 表示请求、命令、要求、建议等的句子。通常不用主语，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。 否定形式：Don’t / Never+动词原形+其他。 为了使语气显得客气，可在句首或者句尾加上please。please在句尾时，前面一般要加一个逗号。 Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。
Be quiet! 安静！
Don’t talk loud in the library.
别在图书馆里大声喧哗。
Never swim in the river.
不要在河里游泳。
Please come this way. 请这边走。
Sit down, please. 请坐。
4. 感叹句 表示惊喜、愤怒、赞赏等感情的句子。多用what和how引导，句末用感叹号。 （1）what引导的感叹句（中心词是名词） ·What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！ What an interesting book it is!
这是一本多么有趣的书啊！
What beautiful flowers they are!
这些花多么漂亮呀！
What nice weather we have today!
今天天气真好！
（2）how引导的感叹句（中心词是形容词或副词） ·How+形容词(+主语+谓语)！ ·How+副词(+主语+谓语)！ How dirty your hands are! 你的手太脏啦！
How fast the boy is running!
那个男孩跑得真快！
单项选择。
1 It’s a lovely day, ______
A. isn’t it B. wasn’t it C. doesn’t it D. hasn’t it
2 He was not careful enough, _______
A. did he B. had he C. does he D. was he
3 They can’t finish the work on time, ______
could they B. couldn’t they
C. can they D. can’t they
4 They have to wash their clothes by themselves, ______
haven’t they B. mustn’t they
C. won’t they D. don’t they
5 Don’t forget to lock the door, _______
A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you
6 Let’s go swimming, _______
A. will you B. shall we C. won’t you D. can we
7 You are a student, _______
A. aren’t you B. are you C. don’t you D. do you
8 Mary didn’t write the report, _______
A. did Mary B. did she C. didn’t Mary D. didn’t she
9 You have finished your homework, _______
A. did you B. didn’t you C. have you D. haven’t you
10 We need more time to do the work, _______
A. needn’t we B. need we C. don’t we D. do we
11 Jenny ran to the station only to find that the train had left, ______
A. didn’t she B. had she C. did she D. hadn’t she
12 You have never visited France, _______
A. have you B. haven’t you C. did you D. didn’t you
13 Sally has returned to Guangzhou, _______
A. did she B. didn’t she C. has she D. hasn’t she
14 Kate has a new English dictionary, ______
does she B. has she
C. doesn’t she D. isn’t she
15 Jack’s seldom late for school, ______
A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he C. has he D. is he
（二）完成句子。
1 多美丽的一朵花啊！
_______ ____ ________________ flower it is!
2 多美丽的花啊！
______ ________________ the flowers are!
3 开一家儿童餐厅是个多么棒的主意！
________ ________ ________ idea it is to open a children’s restaurant!
4 他学英语学得多努力啊！
________ ________ he studies English!
5 天气真好！我们去放风筝吧。
________ ________ weather! Let’s go to fly a kite.
What a beautiful/pretty
How beautiful/pretty
What a good
How hard
What fine
Unit 2 Great minds
动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰名词之后，作后置定语。被修饰的名词可以是用作定语的不定式的逻辑主语，也可以是其逻辑宾语。如：
The next plane to arrive is from New York. 下一趟抵达的航班是从纽约来的。
Do you have anything to say 你有什么要说的吗？
下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision,
invitation, means, plan, promise, reason, right, time, way, wish等。如：
He has the ability to work out the Maths problem.
他有能力解答这道数学题。
My wish to buy a house has come true at last.
我买房的愿望终于实现了。
不定式作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
To learn English well is important for us. 学好英语对我们很重要。
常常用it作形式主语，将动词不定式放在句末。如：
It’s important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对我们很重要。
用it作形式主语，而用动词不定式作实际主语的常用句型有：
(1) It’s adj. (for sb./ sth.) to do sth. 如：
It’s necessary for you to change your job. 你有必要换个工作。
(2) It’s adj. of sb. to do sth. 如：
It’s nice of you to do so. 你这么做真是个好人。
(3) It’s n. to do sth. 如：
It’s our job to take good care of these children.
把这些孩子照顾好是我们的工作。
(4) It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 如：
It took us half an hour to get there by bike. 骑车去那儿花了我们半个小时。
动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作表语
动词不定式作表语通常用于以下结构：
(1) My dream / job / idea / plan / wish ... is to do sth.
如：My wish is to be a teacher.
我的愿望是成为一名老师。
(2) The next step / important thing ... is to do sth.
如：The important thing is to get there on time.
重要的是要准时赶到那儿。
1 The most beautiful thing is ______ a person smiling.
A. sees B. saw C. seen D. to see
2 朋友之间互相信任是非常重要的。
______ ______ very important for friends ____ ______ each other.
D
It is to trust
中考链接
3 Early on a sunny morning, David and his donkeys stop at a river ________.
A. drink B. drinking C. drinks D. to drink
4 从这里走到白云山顶大约要花一个小时。
____ ____ about an hour ___ ___________ to the top of the Baiyun Mountain from here.
D
It takes to walk/go/get
5 Today people use modern machines ______ at the sky.
A. look B. to look C. looking D. looked
6 我们还没有决定什么时候探望爷爷奶奶。
We haven’t decided ______ _____ _____ our grandparents.
B
when to visit
7 参观广州博物馆对我们很有教育意义。
___ ___ very educational for us __ _____ Guangzhou Museum.
It is to visit
Unit 3 Family life
系动词是用来帮助说明主语的动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须跟表语（通常是形容词或名词）构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
A 系动词be
系动词
系动词be用来表示主语的状态。如：
I’m a student. 我是个学生。
She is beautiful. 她很美。
B 其他系动词
(1) 表象系动词：用来表示“看起来……”，主要有appear, look, seem等。如：
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
She seemed very sad. 她看起来很伤心。
(2) 感官系动词：主要有feel“摸起来…；觉得…”，smell“闻起来…”，sound“听起来…”，taste“吃起来…”等。如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布料手感很软。
I felt very tired after work. 工作后我感到非常疲劳。
That sounds great. 那听起来不错。
(3) 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, get, go, grow, turn等。如：
She became mad after that. 自那以后，她疯了。
When I get rich, I’ll travel around the world.
我有钱后就去环游世界。
(4) 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持某种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay等。如：
He always kept silent when he was asked about it.
被问及此事时，他总是保持沉默。
We’ll remain friends forever. 我们永远是朋友。
Unit 4 Problems and advice
句子成分：主语、谓语动词、宾语、补语和状语
1 主语：句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主要成分。一般放在句首，但有 时也放在其它位置。名词、代词、数词、动词不定式和动词-ing形式等可以作主语。如：Mary, I, three, to work, teaching等。
2 谓语动词：说明主语的动作或状态，一般放在主语的后面。如：is,
feel, say, can do等。
3 宾语：表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式和从句可以作宾语。如：Mary, me, three,
to work, working等。
4 补语：包含主语补语和宾语补语。在系动词be, become等之后的形容词或名词通常作主语补语，描述主语的特点；跟在宾语之后的作宾语补语。如：very good, a doctor等。
5 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明事情发生的时间、地点、 原因、目的、结果、方式、条件等。状语可以由副词、短语以及从句来担任。如：often, at the meeting, next year等。
基本句型：
(1) 主语＋不及物动词（S＋V）
如：The girl smiled. 女孩笑了。
S V
(2) 主语＋及物动词＋宾语（S＋V＋O）
如：Tom likes music. 汤姆喜欢音乐。
S V O
(3) 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（S＋V＋IO＋DO）
有些动词如give, bring, buy, send等后接间接宾语和直接宾语。
如：Mother bought me a dictionary. 母亲给我买了一本词典。
S V IO DO
Mary will give you the book. 玛丽会给你那本书。
S V IO DO
(4) 主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋间接宾语（S＋V＋DO＋IO）
可以借助for或to，把直接宾语放在间接宾语前面。
如：Mother bought a dictionary for me. 母亲给我买了一本词典。
S V DO IO
Mary will give the book to you. 玛丽会给你那本书。
S V DO IO
(5) 主语+系动词+补语 (S+V+C)
如：The bike is new. 这辆自行车是新的。
S V C
常见的系动词有：appear, be, become, feel, get, go, grow, look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。
(6) 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋补语（S＋V＋O＋C）
如：We keep the classroom clean. 我们使教室保持清洁。
S V O C
常见的这类接“宾语+补语”的动词有：call, consider, drive, elect, find, get, hold, keep, leave, make, paint, prefer, prove, send, think, turn, want等。
(7) 主语+动词+宾语+状语 (S+V+O+A)
如：Lucy plays table tennis every day. 露西每天都打乒乓球。
S V O A
(8) 主语+动词+状语 (S+V+A)
如：She smiles all the time. 她老是笑容满面。
S V A
（一）指出下列画线部分在句子中充当什么成分。
(A) 主语 (B) 谓语动词 (C) 宾语 (D) 补语 (E) 状语
( ) 1 I can speak English.
( ) 2 The museum is near our school.
( ) 3 He is playing the piano now.
( ) 4 We are friends.
( ) 5 The black bike is mine.
( ) 6 She always does her homework carefully.
( ) 7 If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
( ) 8 To teach them Chinese is my job.
( ) 9 He enjoys making friends.
( ) 10 Mary bought five books yesterday.
B
A
C
D
A
E
D
B
C
E
二、指出下列句子属于哪种基本句型。
(A) S + V (B) S + V + O (C) S + V + IO + DO
(D) S + V + DO + IO (E) S + V + C (F) S + V + O + C
(G) S + V + O + A (H) S + V + A
( ) 1 Class begins.
( ) 2 She likes Maths.
( ) 3 He became a scientist.
( ) 4 They made her happy.
( ) 5 I received a present yesterday.
( ) 6 Kate sent a lot of books to him.
( ) 7 My father will buy me a new mobile phone.
( ) 8 I know him.
( ) 9 They are famous pop singers.
( ) 10 My uncle runs in the park every morning.
A
B
E
F
G
D
C
B
E
H