2025届高三英语一轮复习解题技巧专项： 阅读理解猜词技巧课件(共46张PPT)

(共46张PPT)
猜测词义
Guessing meanings
Country roads take me home
　　To the place I belong
　　West Virginia mountain momma
　　Take me home country roads
　　 All my memories gather round her
　　Miner's lady stranger to blue water
　　Dark and dusty painted on the sky
　　Misty taste of moonshine teardrop in my eyes
　　 Country roads take me home
　　To the place I belong
　　West Virginia mountain momma
　　Take me home country roads
　　 I hear a voice in the morning how she calls me
The radio reminds me of my home far away
　　Driving down the road I get a feeling
　　That I should been home yesterday
home
homesick
homeland
homework
homeless
hometown
homepage
中学英语中常见的前缀(prefix)和后缀(suffix)：
super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的)
micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复）
mis-（误，恶） im-（不）
-proof（防—的） post-（后，以后）
non-（不，非） -able（能…的 ）
-less（不，无） -wards (向)
Word Formation 构词法：
supernatural microwave
postgraduate
mispronounce
waterproof nonsmoker
rebuild eastwards
Can you guess the right meanings
(微波)
(非烟民)
(发错音)
(向东)
(超自然的)
(研究生)
（防水的 ）
(重建)
when pigs fly
big potato
shanghai
japan
john
when pigs fly
big potato
john
—Do you think Mary will quit her job now that she's pregnant
—what pigs fly! There is no way she is giving up her career.
天方夜谭，太阳从西边出来
Tom is a great man. Tom is treated as a big potato.
a big potato
大人物
john
Tim drank too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice.
厕所
To improve our guessing ability, we can :
Use context clues（语境法）
Use word formation(构词法）:
Group 1
1. The lion has its “territory” , which is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.
“territory” means ___________
地盘，领域
2. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his
mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.
The underlined word means____.
A.strong B. determined C. kind D. clever
定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释
3 It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
4 The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to patients’ heartbeat and breathing.
听诊器
技巧归纳1:
Use __________________________
__________________________
定义法(definition)
一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）
等来确定词义
Signal words: mean, refer to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,
that is to say, etc.
He replied quickly, but after he
considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.
2 The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbour all called her an eccentric lady.
匆忙的
古怪的
Group2
—
.
3 He is a serious person who always does everything conscientiously.
4 At fifty he is in his prime of life and always full of energy.
认真的
年富力强的时期
技巧归纳2: 利用____________________
同义法
利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义
signal words: and or like as-----as
1 Most of us agreed, however,
Bill dissented.
2 She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly
A
(v. 不同意)
Group 3
3. Tom is one of the most supercilious man I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
傲慢的
技巧归纳3：
利用________________
4 Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.
爱交际的
对比法
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词
（组）猜测词义
Signal words: unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while instead…ect.
I like to read periodicals, such as “Crazy English”, “News Week”, “ Readers’ Digest” etc.
2 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.

Group 4
期刊
电器
技巧归纳4: 利用_____________
举例法
Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，etc.
Group5
1 、All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.
徒劳的，无效的
2 The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
3 Tom is considered an autocratic administrator（管理人员） because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others．
autocratic means ____________.
4 The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
凋谢,枯萎
独断专行的
浑浊不清的
技巧归纳5： 利用______________________
因果关系
通过对原因或结果进行逻辑推理，猜出结果或原因中的生词词义
Signal words:
because，since , so, therefore , such…that, so…that, etc.
1、 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make him
unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.
Group 6
2 、It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world.
麻醉
富裕的
3. In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves plenty of dowry.
4. The snake slithered through the grass.
嫁妆
爬行, 滑行
技巧归纳 6：
Using________________________________
生活常识
利用生活常识；背景知识，
相关经验等确定词义
On Reading
词 义 猜 测 型
Summary
实战演练
抢答题
1 .
A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.
The word “audience” in the paragraph means ____.
A.students
B. people who watch a play
C. people who act on the stage
D. people who listen to something
常识 teacher-----students
﹡ ﹡ 2. When some kind of pain killer(止痛药） was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective（无效的）.
The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours_______
Attracted the customers strongly
Had weak effects on the customers
Tricked the customers into shopping
Caused the customers to lose interest
D
因果关系
because
﹡ 3.
Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat , the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes .
“hazard” means ___________________
A. pleasure, B. problem, C. danger, D. attraction
C
举例for example
4. William Shakespeare said.
“The web of our life is of a mingled
yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”
The underlined word “mingled”
most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed
C．sad D．happy
B
definition or explanation
定义或解释猜测词义
5. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
concentrate/focus her attention on
6. At the beginning they did not
have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.
资本
7 Rather than liking the movie, as I expected them to, all my friends abhorred it.
讨厌
﹡8. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a dog came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. “Good boy,” Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are --- trying to lick me to death.”
　
Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic”
A Messy and untidy. 　　
B. Rich and expensive.
C. Comfortable and calming 　
D. Unusual and foreign.
对比contrast
normal—but---unusual
﹡﹡﹡ 9. Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.
By describing lions as “opportunists”, the author means to say that lions ____.
A. are cruel animals
B. are clever animals
C. Like to take advantage of（利用） other animals
D. Like to take every chance to eat
构词法及下文解释
opportunity---ist
　10 　
…But sometimes I just feel loath to talk to these people. Sometimes, I just want to be alone, quietly, without being forced to listen to their gossip or other useless words.
(　　)The underlined word “loath” in this paragraph has the closest meaning to ______.
A. unwilling B. eager
C. pleased D. hurt
11 He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.
A. see clearly B. understand C. expect
B
12
The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.
The underlined word “banished” mean_______.
A. killed by stoning B. sent away
C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping
B
13
According to the study，if the cat is adopted before the dog，and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats，a year for dogs)，it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.
The underlined word is closest in meaning to____ .
A. early B. sweetly
C. quickly D. smoothly
14. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dad’s car is bigger than your Dad’s,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.”
The word “boasting” means _____.
A. 骄傲 B. 吹牛 C. 顽皮 D. 幼稚
B
15 The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King's baker(面包师) in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery(面包房) into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.
The word "family" means ______.
A. home B. children
C. wife and husband
D. wife and children
Read through the two passages and guess the meaning the underlined words.
16: “Can I see my baby ” asked the happy new mother. The bundle (婴儿包) was placed in her arms and when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face, she gasped—the baby had been born without ears. Time, however, proved that the baby was perfect except his appearance.
( ) What does the word “gasp” mean
A. can’t move because of fear
B. lost temper
C. take a deep breath because of surprise
D. feel curious
C