山西省实验中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题（含答案）
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2023-2024学年山西省实验中学高一下学期期中英语试题
总分100分 考试时间120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分10分)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Art Talk Live: The Tianlongshan Cave Temple Fragments (残片)
Tuesday, Oct. 19, 2023
12:30 pm-1:00 pm
The Harvard Art Museums have 25 stone fragments from the Tianlongshan cave temples in China’s northern Shanxi Province. This talk will highlight the study that investigates the creation of the works and their meaning in Chinese culture. This talk will take place online via Zoom. Free admission, and no registration is required.
Creature Feature: Various Fantastic Birds
Wednesday, Oct. 20, 2023
10:00 am-10:30 am
Creature Feature, an online series from the Harvard Art Museums, offers a chance for families to explore various magical creatures in watercolors through close looking and curious exploration with museum staff. The talks are free, open to explorers ages 6 and up, and offered once a month online via Zoom. Free admission, but registration is required.
Virtual Student Guide Tour: Celebrating the Class of 2023
Saturday, Nov. 6, 2023
4:00 pm-5:00 pm
Join student guides and Student Board members in the Class of 2021 for a special tour in their honor! Each student guide will talk briefly about a work of art. Vlad Batagui has selected the sculpture Torso of a Young Girl by Constantin Brancusi and Sophia Mautz will talk about the oil painting Red and Pink by Georgia O’ Keeffe. This interactive tour will take place online via Zoom. Free admission, but registration is required.
Art Talk Live: Looking at Ancient Textiles (织物)
Tuesday, Nov. 9, 2023
12:30 pm-1:00 pm
Egyptian makers were skilled at using only a few materials to create a rich variety of textiles, but we rarely have detailed information about the people who made them or their artistic processes. Join Julie Wertz to explore what close looking, microscopy, and micro-analytical techniques can teach us about the materials and methods these unknown makers once used. This talk will take place online via Zoom. Free admission, but registration is required.
21. In which aspect does the talk about the Tianlongshan stone fragments differ from the others
A. It lasts half an hour. B. It needs no registration.
C. It is held on the Internet. D. It happens once a month.
22. On which day will the talk about various birds in watercolors be held
A. Oct. 19, 2023. B. Oct. 20, 2023.
C. Nov. 6, 2023. D. Nov. 9, 2023.
23. What may impress you if you join in Looing as Ancient Textiles
A. The talker’s exploration of Egyptian art. B. The rich materials of textiles.
C. The advanced techniques makers used. D. Methods that Egyptian makers once used.
B
Well known to the locals of Chehalis, Washington State, 72-year-old Jimmy Armfield used to be seen around town riding the bus, chatting with neighbors and attending church. Yet these pleasures had been taken away in the past few months owing to COVID-19, leaving Jimmy feeling a bit lonely.
One day Susan Gonzalez saw Jimmy sitting alone at the local post office, and when she inquired about him, the postal workers said he came in three times a day and often waited for hours, just in case a letter arrived. Nothing came. Susan then wrote a Facebook post, in which she asked her friends to send Jimmy a note in the mail. Within hours, the post went viral with 9,900 shares. People started sending letters and postcards from all over the world. There was so much mail to pick up. Jimmy was smiling; the postal workers were overjoyed to be part of this magic, and the whole town of Chehalis was uplifted.
“People ask how I got this to work but really it’s the magic of Jimmy,” Susan said. “It went viral in just six hours and I don’t know why.”
Like many others in these times, Jimmy was “navigating (穿越) the space between loneliness and happiness,” Komo News wrote. As it turns out, there is a lot of love out there, more than enough to breach loneliness. Susan explained that there were amazing ways to bless people. At the end of the Facebook post that became viral, she requested, “Send Jimmy a birthday card, a little note just to say hello from your hometown. It can be simple, anything for him to open over the next few weeks. Maybe you are too busy now but you can remember Jimmy at Halloween, Thanksgiving or Christmas.”
The resulting outpouring of love, generosity, and joy could be the magic of Jimmy and the positive power of social media. Yet Komo News takes this message further. “Take care of our own; maybe it’s not just a Chehalis thing. Maybe it’s a human being thing. Look for ways to make other people happy.”
24. What was Susan’s initial purpose in writing the Facebook post
A. To show off. B. To raise money.
C. To ask for help. D. To make introductions.
25. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “breach” in paragraph 4
A. Defeat. B. Deepen.
C. Suffer. D. Spread.
26. What did Susan later call on people to do
A. Support Facebook. B. Send mail to Jimmy.
C. Write for social media. D. Visit Jimmy at festivals.
27. How does Komo News further Jimmy’s story
A By interviewing Jimmy about his magical experience.
B. By focusing on the positive power of the Internet.
C. By persuading people to look on the bright side.
D. By appealing to people to deliver love to others.
C
Nature is one of the greatest sources of inspiration for engineers and computer scientists developing new technological tools. Over the past decade or so, roboticists have developed countless robots inspired by the behavior and biological mechanisms of snakes, fish, birds, insects and countless other animals.
Researchers at Beijing Institute of Technology recently designed a new bio-inspired robot that can maintain its balance using a tail-like mechanism. The robot is made up of a main body, two wheels and the tail-inspired component, which is controlled by an adaptive controller that allows it to turn in different directions within an area parallel (平行的) to the robot’s wheels. The specific patterns that are designed to increase the robot’s stability are calculated using the so-called Lyapunov stability theorem (定理), which is a theoretical construct that describes the stability of dynamic systems.
Most existing approaches to balancing vehicles with two wheels work by collecting a vehicle’s body height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electronic device that can measure a specific force acting on a body or object. Conventional approaches process the data collected by an IMU device and then carry out balancing strategies accordingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜) angle.
While many of these approaches achieved satisfactory results, the design put forward by this team of researchers introduces a practical alternative that does not involve adjusting the robot’s tilt angle. It is one of the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails of animals, to enhance a wheeled robot’s balance while considering uncertainty in the environment.
The researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the tail-like robotic mechanism in a series of tests. Their findings were very promising, as when the robot lost its balance in the tested environment the artificial “tail” was able to re-balance it within no more than 3.5 seconds.
In the future, this tail-like mechanism could be adapted to enhance the stability and balance of other existing or newly developed robots. In addition, the findings gathered as part of this study could inspire other roboticists to design similar tail-like components.
28. What can we learn about the new robot
A. It looks quite similar to an insect.
B. It consists of two main components.
C. Its “tail” helps it move around smoothly.
D. Its wheels are used to sustain its balance.
29. How does the author mainly develop paragraphs 3 and 4
A. By explaining the reason. B. By giving an example.
C. By making a comparison. D. By demonstrating the process.
30. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to
A. The adaptive controller. B. The bio-inspired robot.
C. The tail-like component. D. The surrounding environment.
31. What does the last paragraph focus on
A. The reasons for the research. B. The goals of the research.
C. The complexities of the research. D. The possible application of the research.
D
Brigadier general (准将) William Orlando Darby, born in Fort Smith, Arkansas, is best known for his organization of the 1st Ranger Battalion (第一突击营) during World War II.
Darby attended Belle Grove School through the sixth grade and then went to Fort Smith Senior High School. After his graduation in 1929, he received an appointment to West Point Military Academy, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science on June 13, 1933. Later Darby was chosen to organize and train military forces, and the 1st United States Army Ranger Battalion was set up on July 9, 1942. They carried out a number of successful night attacks.
When Robinson E. Duff, assistant division commander of the 10th Mountain Division, was wounded, Darby volunteered to take the place of him and led the 10th Mountain Division during the advance on Lake Garda. On April 30, 1945, he was in the process of outlining plans for the next day when an explosion near his location took place, and he was unfortunately hit dead. He received a promotion to brigadier general on May 15, 1945, the only soldier to receive such a promotion after his death.
General Lucian K. Truscott said of Darby following his death, “Never have I seen a more heroic officer.” And General George S. Patton called Darby “The bravest man I have ever known.”
Darby received many awards, including two Distinguished Service Crosses and the British Distinguished Service Order. Darby’s life is celebrated in many ways. Named after him was the USNS General William O. Darby, a U.S. Army troopship (运兵舰), which is now retired, as well as streets in many places. Cisterna, Italy, has a Darby School, and in his hometown of Fort Smith, the sister city to Cisterna, the senior high school he attended is now called the William O. Darby Junior High. Many army posts have training or airfields named after him.
Darby was originally buried in a military cemetery outside Cisterna Italy, but on March 11, 1949, his body was returned to Arkansas and buried at the Fort Smith National Cemetery, just a few blocks from his boyhood home. In 2016, a statue of Darby was put up in Cisterna Park in Fort Smith.
32. Which of the following words best describe Darby
A. Generous and humorous. B. Admirable but unsociable.
C. Capable and responsible. D. Intelligent but discontented.
33. What happened to Darby on the last day of April in 1945
A. He was killed in an explosion. B. He was assigned to raise an army.
C. He was appointed to replace Duff. D. He was promoted to brigadier general.
34. What is the author’s main purpose in mentioning Truscott’s and Patton’s words
A. To thank Darby. B. To defend Darby.
C. To learn from Darby. D. To think highly of Darby.
35. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A. Ways of remembering Darby. B. Benefits of using Darby’s name.
C. Darby’s contributions to the army. D. Darby’s educational experiences.
第二节 (共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Who are better leaders
Have you ever considered what the most popular personality type is: being an extrovert (外向的人) or being an introvert (内向的人) It is hard to say. Each of these identities has its own strengths and weaknesses. ___36___ Some research has shown that introverts can outshine extroverts as leaders, despite the fact that the confident behavior of an extrovert fits many people's image of a typical CEO.
___37___ Outgoing workers or reserved ones The answer, it turns out, is those who can be bining the best of both personality types can make you an important role in the workplace. Although acting like both an extrovert and introvert might feel tricky at times, it's a skill we can all master with a little practice. Besides, it's not just CEOs who benefit from being both. The earlier in someone's career they build these skills, the better, since the benefits will improve over time. ___38___ On the contrary, it may mean introverts contributing more in meetings.
" To be more extroverted might require initiating conversation or making small talk," says Alisa Cohn, a coach from New York City." I like the idea of practicing such behavior three, four, five times a day in microdoses (微量). ___39___Check how often you do these things each day, and if you have met your goal." She also recommends spotting a role model you admire in your office who has the introvert or extrovert qualities you're looking for.___40___
A. Well, who are more successful at work
B. Is it possible to change your personality
C. Little by little, you' ll find it easier to achieve that.
D. For extroverts, this may mean being quieter in meetings.
E. This doesn't mean that introverts aren't happy and relaxed.
F. Then you can watch their behavior and model yourself after them.
G. However, it seems that there's constant debate about which is better.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
How perfect the wings of a bird are! However, they will never ____41____ the bird during flight if unsupported by the air. Upon graduation, I will be able to analyze ancient poems using ___42___ terms, and simplify a derivative (导数) problem. Despite knowing how to perform these ____43____ tasks, I currently fail to ____44____ how to change a tire, or how to obtain an insurance policy.
I used to outdo my classmates ____45____. At first, I was getting everything right. Then, I ran for Student Government but was ____46____. How could that be
Someone must have made a(n) ____47____. As I failed for the second year, I ____48____ I had been wrongfully measuring my life through my test scores. It was my ____49____ that I had never prioritized communication skills, which my fellow candidates _____50_____. I decided to change my mindset and take a new _____51_____ to the way I lived. Soon I grew interested in the new viewpoints everyone around me could offer. To my _____52_____, I was elected to Student Government after my third year of trying.
As I further accept new life skills, I realize how much remains _____53_____ in the world. What I can do is prepare myself to take on the unknown. _____54_____, my wings will continue enabling me to fly, but it is going to take more than just me and my wings; I have to continue putting my ____55____ in the air around me.
41. A. assist B. feed C. follow D. guide
42. A. musical B. political C. literary D. economic
43. A. urgent B. impossible C. dangerous D. particular
44. A. consider B. understand C. mention D. remember
45. A. physically B. emotionally C. physiologically D. academically
46. A. rejected B. ignored C. blamed D. interrupted
47. A. attempt B. mistake C. decision D. promise
48. A. appreciated B. reported C. discovered D. recommended
49. A. fault B. business C. excuse D. dream
50. A. admitted B. needed C. received D. possessed
51. A. message B. approach C. program D. campaign
52. A. regret B. delight C. amusement D. embarrassment
53. A. undone B. unusual C. unfortunate D. uncertain
54. A. Surprisingly B. Gradually C. Hopefully D. Suddenly
55. A. view B. power C. honor D. faith
第二节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mexico’s Sinking Beach
Shocking photos of a popular beach in the Mexican state of Oaxaca sinking into the ocean did the rounds on social media, leaving people in disbelief. It turned ____56____ that the sinking was caused by a phenomenon known as “swells”. Swells rarely occur at popular coastal destinations, ____57____ only made the repeated sinking of the beach at Puerto Escondido much ____58____ (unusual).
Swells, also known as surface gravity waves, ____59____ (create) by storms thousands of miles away from the beach on which they break, and are not influenced by local winds. They cause a rise in sea level, but are different from high tide, eating away at the sand they hit and ____60____ (cause) large stretches of the beach to simply sink into the ocean. This was ____61____ happened at Puerto Escondido in September, 2019, but the really strange part was that the exact same thing ____62____ (occur) in the same place in May of the same year.
Swells happened all over the world, but they were ____63____ (particular) strong on the coast of Mexico, as the strong winds that blew between Australia and the American continent pushed the waves ____64____ (travel) distances of more than 10,000 kilometers without any obstacle until they reached the beaches of Oaxaca and Guerrero. However, with the _____65_____ (except) of Puerto Escondido, they did not affect other popular seaside destinations.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 (满分10分)
66. 假定你是李华，中国国际展览中心（China International Exhibition Center）最近正在举办智能机器人展览。请写信给你的交换生朋友Arthur，邀请他一起去参观，内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.展览相关情况；
3.诚邀一同前往。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Dear Arthur,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分15分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Everything had been totally different that Sunday morning, when Peter and Michael had set out on their walk up the cool, tree-covered mountainside near the village where they lived. Near the top, the two boys had climbed onto a rock to admire the view of the valley far below them.
That was when disaster had struck. On climbing down, Peter had fallen awkwardly to the ground, his leg bent at a painful angle beneath him. Unable to move, he was forced to wait where he was, wrapped in Michael’s jacket, while Michael had begun the long journey down the mountainside to fetch help. When Michael finally reached the place where a mobile phone signal was available, he called the authorities for help. Ten minutes later, a helicopter found Michael and picked him up. The rescue of Peter started right away.
Michael looked down at the mountainside from the window of the helicopter. He felt increasingly helpless, as it looked totally different from the air and the network of tiny paths was mostly hidden from view by the thick covering of trees. To make matters worse, the light was fading fast and a thick blanket of mist was starting to form. Eventually the pilot and the three mountain rescue workers in the helicopter agreed that they would have to go back and continue the search for Peter on foot.
By seven o’clock that evening, they had left the helicopter in the village and gathered a mountain rescue team of fifteen men. Michael felt disheartened and scared for his friend’s safety. Slowly they climbed up the mountain, searching the many paths for Peter. The only sounds were footsteps and occasional noises on the walkie-talkies that the rescue workers carried to talk to each other. The mountainside was a frightening place after nightfall and gradually Michael started to wonder whether they would ever find Peter at all.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Suddenly Michael heard a voice come over one of the walkie-talkies.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Peter was safely placed in a hospital room.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案版
总分100分 考试时间120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分10分)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Art Talk Live: The Tianlongshan Cave Temple Fragments (残片)
Tuesday, Oct. 19, 2023
12:30 pm-1:00 pm
The Harvard Art Museums have 25 stone fragments from the Tianlongshan cave temples in China’s northern Shanxi Province. This talk will highlight the study that investigates the creation of the works and their meaning in Chinese culture. This talk will take place online via Zoom. Free admission, and no registration is required.
Creature Feature: Various Fantastic Birds
Wednesday, Oct. 20, 2023
10:00 am-10:30 am
Creature Feature, an online series from the Harvard Art Museums, offers a chance for families to explore various magical creatures in watercolors through close looking and curious exploration with museum staff. The talks are free, open to explorers ages 6 and up, and offered once a month online via Zoom. Free admission, but registration is required.
Virtual Student Guide Tour: Celebrating the Class of 2023
Saturday, Nov. 6, 2023
4:00 pm-5:00 pm
Join student guides and Student Board members in the Class of 2021 for a special tour in their honor! Each student guide will talk briefly about a work of art. Vlad Batagui has selected the sculpture Torso of a Young Girl by Constantin Brancusi and Sophia Mautz will talk about the oil painting Red and Pink by Georgia O’ Keeffe. This interactive tour will take place online via Zoom. Free admission, but registration is required.
Art Talk Live: Looking at Ancient Textiles (织物)
Tuesday, Nov. 9, 2023
12:30 pm-1:00 pm
Egyptian makers were skilled at using only a few materials to create a rich variety of textiles, but we rarely have detailed information about the people who made them or their artistic processes. Join Julie Wertz to explore what close looking, microscopy, and micro-analytical techniques can teach us about the materials and methods these unknown makers once used. This talk will take place online via Zoom. Free admission, but registration is required.
21. In which aspect does the talk about the Tianlongshan stone fragments differ from the others
A. It lasts half an hour. B. It needs no registration.
C. It is held on the Internet. D. It happens once a month.
22. On which day will the talk about various birds in watercolors be held
A. Oct. 19, 2023. B. Oct. 20, 2023.
C. Nov. 6, 2023. D. Nov. 9, 2023.
23. What may impress you if you join in Looing as Ancient Textiles
A. The talker’s exploration of Egyptian art. B. The rich materials of textiles.
C. The advanced techniques makers used. D. Methods that Egyptian makers once used.
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D
B
Well known to the locals of Chehalis, Washington State, 72-year-old Jimmy Armfield used to be seen around town riding the bus, chatting with neighbors and attending church. Yet these pleasures had been taken away in the past few months owing to COVID-19, leaving Jimmy feeling a bit lonely.
One day Susan Gonzalez saw Jimmy sitting alone at the local post office, and when she inquired about him, the postal workers said he came in three times a day and often waited for hours, just in case a letter arrived. Nothing came. Susan then wrote a Facebook post, in which she asked her friends to send Jimmy a note in the mail. Within hours, the post went viral with 9,900 shares. People started sending letters and postcards from all over the world. There was so much mail to pick up. Jimmy was smiling; the postal workers were overjoyed to be part of this magic, and the whole town of Chehalis was uplifted.
“People ask how I got this to work but really it’s the magic of Jimmy,” Susan said. “It went viral in just six hours and I don’t know why.”
Like many others in these times, Jimmy was “navigating (穿越) the space between loneliness and happiness,” Komo News wrote. As it turns out, there is a lot of love out there, more than enough to breach loneliness. Susan explained that there were amazing ways to bless people. At the end of the Facebook post that became viral, she requested, “Send Jimmy a birthday card, a little note just to say hello from your hometown. It can be simple, anything for him to open over the next few weeks. Maybe you are too busy now but you can remember Jimmy at Halloween, Thanksgiving or Christmas.”
The resulting outpouring of love, generosity, and joy could be the magic of Jimmy and the positive power of social media. Yet Komo News takes this message further. “Take care of our own; maybe it’s not just a Chehalis thing. Maybe it’s a human being thing. Look for ways to make other people happy.”
24. What was Susan’s initial purpose in writing the Facebook post
A. To show off. B. To raise money.
C. To ask for help. D. To make introductions.
25. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “breach” in paragraph 4
A. Defeat. B. Deepen.
C. Suffer. D. Spread.
26. What did Susan later call on people to do
A. Support Facebook. B. Send mail to Jimmy.
C. Write for social media. D. Visit Jimmy at festivals.
27. How does Komo News further Jimmy’s story
A. By interviewing Jimmy about his magical experience.
B. By focusing on the positive power of the Internet.
C. By persuading people to look on the bright side.
D. By appealing to people to deliver love to others.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D
C
Nature is one of the greatest sources of inspiration for engineers and computer scientists developing new technological tools. Over the past decade or so, roboticists have developed countless robots inspired by the behavior and biological mechanisms of snakes, fish, birds, insects and countless other animals.
Researchers at Beijing Institute of Technology recently designed a new bio-inspired robot that can maintain its balance using a tail-like mechanism. The robot is made up of a main body, two wheels and the tail-inspired component, which is controlled by an adaptive controller that allows it to turn in different directions within an area parallel (平行的) to the robot’s wheels. The specific patterns that are designed to increase the robot’s stability are calculated using the so-called Lyapunov stability theorem (定理), which is a theoretical construct that describes the stability of dynamic systems.
Most existing approaches to balancing vehicles with two wheels work by collecting a vehicle’s body height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electronic device that can measure a specific force acting on a body or object. Conventional approaches process the data collected by an IMU device and then carry out balancing strategies accordingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜) angle.
While many of these approaches achieved satisfactory results, the design put forward by this team of researchers introduces a practical alternative that does not involve adjusting the robot’s tilt angle. It is one of the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails of animals, to enhance a wheeled robot’s balance while considering uncertainty in the environment.
The researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the tail-like robotic mechanism in a series of tests. Their findings were very promising, as when the robot lost its balance in the tested environment the artificial “tail” was able to re-balance it within no more than 3.5 seconds.
In the future, this tail-like mechanism could be adapted to enhance the stability and balance of other existing or newly developed robots. In addition, the findings gathered as part of this study could inspire other roboticists to design similar tail-like components.
28. What can we learn about the new robot
A. It looks quite similar to an insect.
B. It consists of two main components.
C. Its “tail” helps it move around smoothly.
D. Its wheels are used to sustain its balance.
29. How does the author mainly develop paragraphs 3 and 4
A. By explaining the reason. B. By giving an example.
C. By making a comparison. D. By demonstrating the process.
30. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to
A. The adaptive controller. B. The bio-inspired robot.
C. The tail-like component. D. The surrounding environment.
31. What does the last paragraph focus on
A. The reasons for the research. B. The goals of the research.
C. The complexities of the research. D. The possible application of the research.
【答案】28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D
D
Brigadier general (准将) William Orlando Darby, born in Fort Smith, Arkansas, is best known for his organization of the 1st Ranger Battalion (第一突击营) during World War II.
Darby attended Belle Grove School through the sixth grade and then went to Fort Smith Senior High School. After his graduation in 1929, he received an appointment to West Point Military Academy, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science on June 13, 1933. Later Darby was chosen to organize and train military forces, and the 1st United States Army Ranger Battalion was set up on July 9, 1942. They carried out a number of successful night attacks.
When Robinson E. Duff, assistant division commander of the 10th Mountain Division, was wounded, Darby volunteered to take the place of him and led the 10th Mountain Division during the advance on Lake Garda. On April 30, 1945, he was in the process of outlining plans for the next day when an explosion near his location took place, and he was unfortunately hit dead. He received a promotion to brigadier general on May 15, 1945, the only soldier to receive such a promotion after his death.
General Lucian K. Truscott said of Darby following his death, “Never have I seen a more heroic officer.” And General George S. Patton called Darby “The bravest man I have ever known.”
Darby received many awards, including two Distinguished Service Crosses and the British Distinguished Service Order. Darby’s life is celebrated in many ways. Named after him was the USNS General William O. Darby, a U.S. Army troopship (运兵舰), which is now retired, as well as streets in many places. Cisterna, Italy, has a Darby School, and in his hometown of Fort Smith, the sister city to Cisterna, the senior high school he attended is now called the William O. Darby Junior High. Many army posts have training or airfields named after him.
Darby was originally buried in a military cemetery outside Cisterna, Italy, but on March 11, 1949, his body was returned to Arkansas and buried at the Fort Smith National Cemetery, just a few blocks from his boyhood home. In 2016, a statue of Darby was put up in Cisterna Park in Fort Smith.
32. Which of the following words best describe Darby
A. Generous and humorous. B. Admirable but unsociable.
C. Capable and responsible. D. Intelligent but discontented.
33. What happened to Darby on the last day of April in 1945
A. He was killed in an explosion. B. He was assigned to raise an army.
C. He was appointed to replace Duff. D. He was promoted to brigadier general.
34. What is the author’s main purpose in mentioning Truscott’s and Patton’s words
A. To thank Darby. B. To defend Darby.
C. To learn from Darby. D. To think highly of Darby.
35. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A. Ways of remembering Darby. B. Benefits of using Darby’s name.
C. Darby’s contributions to the army. D. Darby’s educational experiences.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. D 35. A
第二节 (共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Who are better leaders
Have you ever considered what the most popular personality type is: being an extrovert (外向人) or being an introvert (内向的人) It is hard to say. Each of these identities has its own strengths and weaknesses. ___36___ Some research has shown that introverts can outshine extroverts as leaders, despite the fact that the confident behavior of an extrovert fits many people's image of a typical CEO.
___37___ Outgoing workers or reserved ones The answer, it turns out, is those who can be bining the best of both personality types can make you an important role in the workplace. Although acting like both an extrovert and introvert might feel tricky at times, it's a skill we can all master with a little practice. Besides, it's not just CEOs who benefit from being both. The earlier in someone's career they build these skills, the better, since the benefits will improve over time. ___38___ On the contrary, it may mean introverts contributing more in meetings.
" To be more extroverted might require initiating conversation or making small talk," says Alisa Cohn, a coach from New York City." I like the idea of practicing such behavior three, four, five times a day in microdoses (微量). ___39___Check how often you do these things each day, and if you have met your goal." She also recommends spotting a role model you admire in your office who has the introvert or extrovert qualities you're looking for.___40___
A. Well, who are more successful at work
B. Is it possible to change your personality
C. Little by little, you' ll find it easier to achieve that.
D. For extroverts, this may mean being quieter in meetings.
E. This doesn't mean that introverts aren't happy and relaxed.
F. Then you can watch their behavior and model yourself after them.
G. However, it seems that there's constant debate about which is better.
【答案】36. G 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. F
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
How perfect the wings of a bird are! However, they will never ____41____ the bird during flight if unsupported by the air. Upon graduation, I will be able to analyze ancient poems using ___42___ terms, and simplify a derivative (导数) problem. Despite knowing how to perform these ____43____ tasks, I currently fail to ____44____ how to change a tire, or how to obtain an insurance policy.
I used to outdo my classmates ____45____. At first, I was getting everything right. Then, I ran for Student Government but was ____46____. How could that be
Someone must have made a(n) ____47____. As I failed for the second year, I ____48____ I had been wrongfully measuring my life through my test scores. It was my ____49____ that I had never prioritized communication skills, which my fellow candidates _____50_____. I decided to change my mindset and take a new _____51_____ to the way I lived. Soon I grew interested in the new viewpoints everyone around me could offer. To my _____52_____, I was elected to Student Government after my third year of trying.
As I further accept new life skills, I realize how much remains _____53_____ in the world. What I can do is prepare myself to take on the unknown. _____54_____, my wings will continue enabling me to fly, but it is going to take more than just me and my wings; I have to continue putting my ____55____ in the air around me.
41. A. assist B. feed C. follow D. guide
42. A. musical B. political C. literary D. economic
43. A. urgent B. impossible C. dangerous D. particular
44. A. consider B. understand C. mention D. remember
45. A. physically B. emotionally C. physiologically D. academically
46. A. rejected B. ignored C. blamed D. interrupted
47. A. attempt B. mistake C. decision D. promise
48. A. appreciated B. reported C. discovered D. recommended
49. A. fault B. business C. excuse D. dream
50. A. admitted B. needed C. received D. possessed
51. A. message B. approach C. program D. campaign
52. A. regret B. delight C. amusement D. embarrassment
53. A. undone B. unusual C. unfortunate D. uncertain
54. A. Surprisingly B. Gradually C. Hopefully D. Suddenly
55. A. view B. power C. honor D. faith
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. D
第二节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mexico’s Sinking Beach
Shocking photos of a popular beach in the Mexican state of Oaxaca sinking into the ocean did the rounds on social media, leaving people in disbelief. It turned ____56____ that the sinking was caused by a phenomenon known as “swells”. Swells rarely occur at popular coastal destinations, ____57____ only made the repeated sinking of the beach at Puerto Escondido much ____58____ (unusual).
Swells, also known as surface gravity waves, ____59____ (create) by storms thousands of miles away from the beach on which they break, and are not influenced by local winds. They cause a rise in sea level, but are different from high tide, eating away at the sand they hit and ____60____ (cause) large stretches of the beach to simply sink into the ocean. This was ____61____ happened at Puerto Escondido in September, 2019, but the really strange part was that the exact same thing ____62____ (occur) in the same place in May of the same year.
Swells happened all over the world, but they were ____63____ (particular) strong on the coast of Mexico, as the strong winds that blew between Australia and the American continent pushed the waves ____64____ (travel) distances of more than 10,000 kilometers without any obstacle until they reached the beaches of Oaxaca and Guerrero. However, with the _____65_____ (except) of Puerto Escondido, they did not affect other popular seaside destinations.
【答案】56. out
57. which 58. more unusual
59. are created
60. causing
61. what 62. occurred
63. particularly
64. to travel
65. exception
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 (满分10分)
66. 假定你是李华，中国国际展览中心（China International Exhibition Center）最近正在举办智能机器人展览。请写信给你的交换生朋友Arthur，邀请他一起去参观，内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.展览相关情况；
3.诚邀一同前往。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Arthur,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Arthur,
How have you been recently There is an impressive collection of smart robots being displayed at China International Exhibition Center recently from January 5, lasting for 3 days.
The exhibition shows the latest technology and related products from home and abroad. Visitors can enjoy fun interactions with many clever robots, which not only demonstrate the dramatic development of Chinese high technology but also arouse their interest in robotic science.
Would you like to visit the exhibition I’m sure you will benefit a lot from it. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分15分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Everything had been totally different that Sunday morning, when Peter and Michael had set out on their walk up the cool, tree-covered mountainside near the village where they lived. Near the top, the two boys had climbed onto a rock to admire the view of the valley far below them.
That was when disaster had struck. On climbing down, Peter had fallen awkwardly to the ground, his leg bent at a painful angle beneath him. Unable to move, he was forced to wait where he was, wrapped in Michael’s jacket, while Michael had begun the long journey down the mountainside to fetch help. When Michael finally reached the place where a mobile phone signal was available, he called the authorities for help. Ten minutes later, a helicopter found Michael and picked him up. The rescue of Peter started right away.
Michael looked down at the mountainside from the window of the helicopter. He felt increasingly helpless, as it looked totally different from the air and the network of tiny paths was mostly hidden from view by the thick covering of trees. To make matters worse, the light was fading fast and a thick blanket of mist was starting to form. Eventually the pilot and the three mountain rescue workers in the helicopter agreed that they would have to go back and continue the search for Peter on foot.
By seven o’clock that evening, they had left the helicopter in the village and gathered a mountain rescue team of fifteen men. Michael felt disheartened and scared for his friend’s safety. Slowly they climbed up the mountain, searching the many paths for Peter. The only sounds were footsteps and occasional noises on the walkie-talkies that the rescue workers carried to talk to each other. The mountainside was a frightening place after nightfall and gradually Michael started to wonder whether they would ever find Peter at all.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Suddenly Michael heard a voice come over one of the walkie-talkies.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Peter was safely placed in a hospital room.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Suddenly Michael heard a voice come over one of the walkie-talkies. It said, “We’ve got him. We’re taking him down.” Michael was so excited that he burst into tears. He had been worrying that he would lose his friend forever. And if that terrible thing had happened, he would never forgive himself for the rest of his life. Luckily, they both were given a second chance to correct their mistakes and live their lives in a different way. Michael let out a soft breath of relief.
Peter was safely placed in a hospital room. “I’m sorry,” said Michael to his friend, “I didn’t realize it would take so long.” Holding Michael’s hand tightly, Peter weakly smiled back and said, “I know you tried your best and you saved my life. Thank you so much.” Though Peter’s injury wasn’t serious, the doctors decided to keep him at the hospital for the night in case of complications with his leg. Before leaving, Michael looked down at his friend and put his hand on Peter’s shoulder as, silently, they both decided never to go walking in the mountains again.
总分100分 考试时间120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分10分)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Art Talk Live: The Tianlongshan Cave Temple Fragments (残片)
Tuesday, Oct. 19, 2023
12:30 pm-1:00 pm
The Harvard Art Museums have 25 stone fragments from the Tianlongshan cave temples in China’s northern Shanxi Province. This talk will highlight the study that investigates the creation of the works and their meaning in Chinese culture. This talk will take place online via Zoom. Free admission, and no registration is required.
Creature Feature: Various Fantastic Birds
Wednesday, Oct. 20, 2023
10:00 am-10:30 am
Creature Feature, an online series from the Harvard Art Museums, offers a chance for families to explore various magical creatures in watercolors through close looking and curious exploration with museum staff. The talks are free, open to explorers ages 6 and up, and offered once a month online via Zoom. Free admission, but registration is required.
Virtual Student Guide Tour: Celebrating the Class of 2023
Saturday, Nov. 6, 2023
4:00 pm-5:00 pm
Join student guides and Student Board members in the Class of 2021 for a special tour in their honor! Each student guide will talk briefly about a work of art. Vlad Batagui has selected the sculpture Torso of a Young Girl by Constantin Brancusi and Sophia Mautz will talk about the oil painting Red and Pink by Georgia O’ Keeffe. This interactive tour will take place online via Zoom. Free admission, but registration is required.
Art Talk Live: Looking at Ancient Textiles (织物)
Tuesday, Nov. 9, 2023
12:30 pm-1:00 pm
Egyptian makers were skilled at using only a few materials to create a rich variety of textiles, but we rarely have detailed information about the people who made them or their artistic processes. Join Julie Wertz to explore what close looking, microscopy, and micro-analytical techniques can teach us about the materials and methods these unknown makers once used. This talk will take place online via Zoom. Free admission, but registration is required.
21. In which aspect does the talk about the Tianlongshan stone fragments differ from the others
A. It lasts half an hour. B. It needs no registration.
C. It is held on the Internet. D. It happens once a month.
22. On which day will the talk about various birds in watercolors be held
A. Oct. 19, 2023. B. Oct. 20, 2023.
C. Nov. 6, 2023. D. Nov. 9, 2023.
23. What may impress you if you join in Looing as Ancient Textiles
A. The talker’s exploration of Egyptian art. B. The rich materials of textiles.
C. The advanced techniques makers used. D. Methods that Egyptian makers once used.
B
Well known to the locals of Chehalis, Washington State, 72-year-old Jimmy Armfield used to be seen around town riding the bus, chatting with neighbors and attending church. Yet these pleasures had been taken away in the past few months owing to COVID-19, leaving Jimmy feeling a bit lonely.
One day Susan Gonzalez saw Jimmy sitting alone at the local post office, and when she inquired about him, the postal workers said he came in three times a day and often waited for hours, just in case a letter arrived. Nothing came. Susan then wrote a Facebook post, in which she asked her friends to send Jimmy a note in the mail. Within hours, the post went viral with 9,900 shares. People started sending letters and postcards from all over the world. There was so much mail to pick up. Jimmy was smiling; the postal workers were overjoyed to be part of this magic, and the whole town of Chehalis was uplifted.
“People ask how I got this to work but really it’s the magic of Jimmy,” Susan said. “It went viral in just six hours and I don’t know why.”
Like many others in these times, Jimmy was “navigating (穿越) the space between loneliness and happiness,” Komo News wrote. As it turns out, there is a lot of love out there, more than enough to breach loneliness. Susan explained that there were amazing ways to bless people. At the end of the Facebook post that became viral, she requested, “Send Jimmy a birthday card, a little note just to say hello from your hometown. It can be simple, anything for him to open over the next few weeks. Maybe you are too busy now but you can remember Jimmy at Halloween, Thanksgiving or Christmas.”
The resulting outpouring of love, generosity, and joy could be the magic of Jimmy and the positive power of social media. Yet Komo News takes this message further. “Take care of our own; maybe it’s not just a Chehalis thing. Maybe it’s a human being thing. Look for ways to make other people happy.”
24. What was Susan’s initial purpose in writing the Facebook post
A. To show off. B. To raise money.
C. To ask for help. D. To make introductions.
25. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “breach” in paragraph 4
A. Defeat. B. Deepen.
C. Suffer. D. Spread.
26. What did Susan later call on people to do
A. Support Facebook. B. Send mail to Jimmy.
C. Write for social media. D. Visit Jimmy at festivals.
27. How does Komo News further Jimmy’s story
A By interviewing Jimmy about his magical experience.
B. By focusing on the positive power of the Internet.
C. By persuading people to look on the bright side.
D. By appealing to people to deliver love to others.
C
Nature is one of the greatest sources of inspiration for engineers and computer scientists developing new technological tools. Over the past decade or so, roboticists have developed countless robots inspired by the behavior and biological mechanisms of snakes, fish, birds, insects and countless other animals.
Researchers at Beijing Institute of Technology recently designed a new bio-inspired robot that can maintain its balance using a tail-like mechanism. The robot is made up of a main body, two wheels and the tail-inspired component, which is controlled by an adaptive controller that allows it to turn in different directions within an area parallel (平行的) to the robot’s wheels. The specific patterns that are designed to increase the robot’s stability are calculated using the so-called Lyapunov stability theorem (定理), which is a theoretical construct that describes the stability of dynamic systems.
Most existing approaches to balancing vehicles with two wheels work by collecting a vehicle’s body height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electronic device that can measure a specific force acting on a body or object. Conventional approaches process the data collected by an IMU device and then carry out balancing strategies accordingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜) angle.
While many of these approaches achieved satisfactory results, the design put forward by this team of researchers introduces a practical alternative that does not involve adjusting the robot’s tilt angle. It is one of the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails of animals, to enhance a wheeled robot’s balance while considering uncertainty in the environment.
The researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the tail-like robotic mechanism in a series of tests. Their findings were very promising, as when the robot lost its balance in the tested environment the artificial “tail” was able to re-balance it within no more than 3.5 seconds.
In the future, this tail-like mechanism could be adapted to enhance the stability and balance of other existing or newly developed robots. In addition, the findings gathered as part of this study could inspire other roboticists to design similar tail-like components.
28. What can we learn about the new robot
A. It looks quite similar to an insect.
B. It consists of two main components.
C. Its “tail” helps it move around smoothly.
D. Its wheels are used to sustain its balance.
29. How does the author mainly develop paragraphs 3 and 4
A. By explaining the reason. B. By giving an example.
C. By making a comparison. D. By demonstrating the process.
30. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to
A. The adaptive controller. B. The bio-inspired robot.
C. The tail-like component. D. The surrounding environment.
31. What does the last paragraph focus on
A. The reasons for the research. B. The goals of the research.
C. The complexities of the research. D. The possible application of the research.
D
Brigadier general (准将) William Orlando Darby, born in Fort Smith, Arkansas, is best known for his organization of the 1st Ranger Battalion (第一突击营) during World War II.
Darby attended Belle Grove School through the sixth grade and then went to Fort Smith Senior High School. After his graduation in 1929, he received an appointment to West Point Military Academy, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science on June 13, 1933. Later Darby was chosen to organize and train military forces, and the 1st United States Army Ranger Battalion was set up on July 9, 1942. They carried out a number of successful night attacks.
When Robinson E. Duff, assistant division commander of the 10th Mountain Division, was wounded, Darby volunteered to take the place of him and led the 10th Mountain Division during the advance on Lake Garda. On April 30, 1945, he was in the process of outlining plans for the next day when an explosion near his location took place, and he was unfortunately hit dead. He received a promotion to brigadier general on May 15, 1945, the only soldier to receive such a promotion after his death.
General Lucian K. Truscott said of Darby following his death, “Never have I seen a more heroic officer.” And General George S. Patton called Darby “The bravest man I have ever known.”
Darby received many awards, including two Distinguished Service Crosses and the British Distinguished Service Order. Darby’s life is celebrated in many ways. Named after him was the USNS General William O. Darby, a U.S. Army troopship (运兵舰), which is now retired, as well as streets in many places. Cisterna, Italy, has a Darby School, and in his hometown of Fort Smith, the sister city to Cisterna, the senior high school he attended is now called the William O. Darby Junior High. Many army posts have training or airfields named after him.
Darby was originally buried in a military cemetery outside Cisterna Italy, but on March 11, 1949, his body was returned to Arkansas and buried at the Fort Smith National Cemetery, just a few blocks from his boyhood home. In 2016, a statue of Darby was put up in Cisterna Park in Fort Smith.
32. Which of the following words best describe Darby
A. Generous and humorous. B. Admirable but unsociable.
C. Capable and responsible. D. Intelligent but discontented.
33. What happened to Darby on the last day of April in 1945
A. He was killed in an explosion. B. He was assigned to raise an army.
C. He was appointed to replace Duff. D. He was promoted to brigadier general.
34. What is the author’s main purpose in mentioning Truscott’s and Patton’s words
A. To thank Darby. B. To defend Darby.
C. To learn from Darby. D. To think highly of Darby.
35. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A. Ways of remembering Darby. B. Benefits of using Darby’s name.
C. Darby’s contributions to the army. D. Darby’s educational experiences.
第二节 (共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Who are better leaders
Have you ever considered what the most popular personality type is: being an extrovert (外向的人) or being an introvert (内向的人) It is hard to say. Each of these identities has its own strengths and weaknesses. ___36___ Some research has shown that introverts can outshine extroverts as leaders, despite the fact that the confident behavior of an extrovert fits many people's image of a typical CEO.
___37___ Outgoing workers or reserved ones The answer, it turns out, is those who can be bining the best of both personality types can make you an important role in the workplace. Although acting like both an extrovert and introvert might feel tricky at times, it's a skill we can all master with a little practice. Besides, it's not just CEOs who benefit from being both. The earlier in someone's career they build these skills, the better, since the benefits will improve over time. ___38___ On the contrary, it may mean introverts contributing more in meetings.
" To be more extroverted might require initiating conversation or making small talk," says Alisa Cohn, a coach from New York City." I like the idea of practicing such behavior three, four, five times a day in microdoses (微量). ___39___Check how often you do these things each day, and if you have met your goal." She also recommends spotting a role model you admire in your office who has the introvert or extrovert qualities you're looking for.___40___
A. Well, who are more successful at work
B. Is it possible to change your personality
C. Little by little, you' ll find it easier to achieve that.
D. For extroverts, this may mean being quieter in meetings.
E. This doesn't mean that introverts aren't happy and relaxed.
F. Then you can watch their behavior and model yourself after them.
G. However, it seems that there's constant debate about which is better.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
How perfect the wings of a bird are! However, they will never ____41____ the bird during flight if unsupported by the air. Upon graduation, I will be able to analyze ancient poems using ___42___ terms, and simplify a derivative (导数) problem. Despite knowing how to perform these ____43____ tasks, I currently fail to ____44____ how to change a tire, or how to obtain an insurance policy.
I used to outdo my classmates ____45____. At first, I was getting everything right. Then, I ran for Student Government but was ____46____. How could that be
Someone must have made a(n) ____47____. As I failed for the second year, I ____48____ I had been wrongfully measuring my life through my test scores. It was my ____49____ that I had never prioritized communication skills, which my fellow candidates _____50_____. I decided to change my mindset and take a new _____51_____ to the way I lived. Soon I grew interested in the new viewpoints everyone around me could offer. To my _____52_____, I was elected to Student Government after my third year of trying.
As I further accept new life skills, I realize how much remains _____53_____ in the world. What I can do is prepare myself to take on the unknown. _____54_____, my wings will continue enabling me to fly, but it is going to take more than just me and my wings; I have to continue putting my ____55____ in the air around me.
41. A. assist B. feed C. follow D. guide
42. A. musical B. political C. literary D. economic
43. A. urgent B. impossible C. dangerous D. particular
44. A. consider B. understand C. mention D. remember
45. A. physically B. emotionally C. physiologically D. academically
46. A. rejected B. ignored C. blamed D. interrupted
47. A. attempt B. mistake C. decision D. promise
48. A. appreciated B. reported C. discovered D. recommended
49. A. fault B. business C. excuse D. dream
50. A. admitted B. needed C. received D. possessed
51. A. message B. approach C. program D. campaign
52. A. regret B. delight C. amusement D. embarrassment
53. A. undone B. unusual C. unfortunate D. uncertain
54. A. Surprisingly B. Gradually C. Hopefully D. Suddenly
55. A. view B. power C. honor D. faith
第二节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mexico’s Sinking Beach
Shocking photos of a popular beach in the Mexican state of Oaxaca sinking into the ocean did the rounds on social media, leaving people in disbelief. It turned ____56____ that the sinking was caused by a phenomenon known as “swells”. Swells rarely occur at popular coastal destinations, ____57____ only made the repeated sinking of the beach at Puerto Escondido much ____58____ (unusual).
Swells, also known as surface gravity waves, ____59____ (create) by storms thousands of miles away from the beach on which they break, and are not influenced by local winds. They cause a rise in sea level, but are different from high tide, eating away at the sand they hit and ____60____ (cause) large stretches of the beach to simply sink into the ocean. This was ____61____ happened at Puerto Escondido in September, 2019, but the really strange part was that the exact same thing ____62____ (occur) in the same place in May of the same year.
Swells happened all over the world, but they were ____63____ (particular) strong on the coast of Mexico, as the strong winds that blew between Australia and the American continent pushed the waves ____64____ (travel) distances of more than 10,000 kilometers without any obstacle until they reached the beaches of Oaxaca and Guerrero. However, with the _____65_____ (except) of Puerto Escondido, they did not affect other popular seaside destinations.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 (满分10分)
66. 假定你是李华，中国国际展览中心（China International Exhibition Center）最近正在举办智能机器人展览。请写信给你的交换生朋友Arthur，邀请他一起去参观，内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.展览相关情况；
3.诚邀一同前往。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Dear Arthur,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分15分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Everything had been totally different that Sunday morning, when Peter and Michael had set out on their walk up the cool, tree-covered mountainside near the village where they lived. Near the top, the two boys had climbed onto a rock to admire the view of the valley far below them.
That was when disaster had struck. On climbing down, Peter had fallen awkwardly to the ground, his leg bent at a painful angle beneath him. Unable to move, he was forced to wait where he was, wrapped in Michael’s jacket, while Michael had begun the long journey down the mountainside to fetch help. When Michael finally reached the place where a mobile phone signal was available, he called the authorities for help. Ten minutes later, a helicopter found Michael and picked him up. The rescue of Peter started right away.
Michael looked down at the mountainside from the window of the helicopter. He felt increasingly helpless, as it looked totally different from the air and the network of tiny paths was mostly hidden from view by the thick covering of trees. To make matters worse, the light was fading fast and a thick blanket of mist was starting to form. Eventually the pilot and the three mountain rescue workers in the helicopter agreed that they would have to go back and continue the search for Peter on foot.
By seven o’clock that evening, they had left the helicopter in the village and gathered a mountain rescue team of fifteen men. Michael felt disheartened and scared for his friend’s safety. Slowly they climbed up the mountain, searching the many paths for Peter. The only sounds were footsteps and occasional noises on the walkie-talkies that the rescue workers carried to talk to each other. The mountainside was a frightening place after nightfall and gradually Michael started to wonder whether they would ever find Peter at all.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Suddenly Michael heard a voice come over one of the walkie-talkies.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Peter was safely placed in a hospital room.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案版
总分100分 考试时间120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分10分)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Art Talk Live: The Tianlongshan Cave Temple Fragments (残片)
Tuesday, Oct. 19, 2023
12:30 pm-1:00 pm
The Harvard Art Museums have 25 stone fragments from the Tianlongshan cave temples in China’s northern Shanxi Province. This talk will highlight the study that investigates the creation of the works and their meaning in Chinese culture. This talk will take place online via Zoom. Free admission, and no registration is required.
Creature Feature: Various Fantastic Birds
Wednesday, Oct. 20, 2023
10:00 am-10:30 am
Creature Feature, an online series from the Harvard Art Museums, offers a chance for families to explore various magical creatures in watercolors through close looking and curious exploration with museum staff. The talks are free, open to explorers ages 6 and up, and offered once a month online via Zoom. Free admission, but registration is required.
Virtual Student Guide Tour: Celebrating the Class of 2023
Saturday, Nov. 6, 2023
4:00 pm-5:00 pm
Join student guides and Student Board members in the Class of 2021 for a special tour in their honor! Each student guide will talk briefly about a work of art. Vlad Batagui has selected the sculpture Torso of a Young Girl by Constantin Brancusi and Sophia Mautz will talk about the oil painting Red and Pink by Georgia O’ Keeffe. This interactive tour will take place online via Zoom. Free admission, but registration is required.
Art Talk Live: Looking at Ancient Textiles (织物)
Tuesday, Nov. 9, 2023
12:30 pm-1:00 pm
Egyptian makers were skilled at using only a few materials to create a rich variety of textiles, but we rarely have detailed information about the people who made them or their artistic processes. Join Julie Wertz to explore what close looking, microscopy, and micro-analytical techniques can teach us about the materials and methods these unknown makers once used. This talk will take place online via Zoom. Free admission, but registration is required.
21. In which aspect does the talk about the Tianlongshan stone fragments differ from the others
A. It lasts half an hour. B. It needs no registration.
C. It is held on the Internet. D. It happens once a month.
22. On which day will the talk about various birds in watercolors be held
A. Oct. 19, 2023. B. Oct. 20, 2023.
C. Nov. 6, 2023. D. Nov. 9, 2023.
23. What may impress you if you join in Looing as Ancient Textiles
A. The talker’s exploration of Egyptian art. B. The rich materials of textiles.
C. The advanced techniques makers used. D. Methods that Egyptian makers once used.
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D
B
Well known to the locals of Chehalis, Washington State, 72-year-old Jimmy Armfield used to be seen around town riding the bus, chatting with neighbors and attending church. Yet these pleasures had been taken away in the past few months owing to COVID-19, leaving Jimmy feeling a bit lonely.
One day Susan Gonzalez saw Jimmy sitting alone at the local post office, and when she inquired about him, the postal workers said he came in three times a day and often waited for hours, just in case a letter arrived. Nothing came. Susan then wrote a Facebook post, in which she asked her friends to send Jimmy a note in the mail. Within hours, the post went viral with 9,900 shares. People started sending letters and postcards from all over the world. There was so much mail to pick up. Jimmy was smiling; the postal workers were overjoyed to be part of this magic, and the whole town of Chehalis was uplifted.
“People ask how I got this to work but really it’s the magic of Jimmy,” Susan said. “It went viral in just six hours and I don’t know why.”
Like many others in these times, Jimmy was “navigating (穿越) the space between loneliness and happiness,” Komo News wrote. As it turns out, there is a lot of love out there, more than enough to breach loneliness. Susan explained that there were amazing ways to bless people. At the end of the Facebook post that became viral, she requested, “Send Jimmy a birthday card, a little note just to say hello from your hometown. It can be simple, anything for him to open over the next few weeks. Maybe you are too busy now but you can remember Jimmy at Halloween, Thanksgiving or Christmas.”
The resulting outpouring of love, generosity, and joy could be the magic of Jimmy and the positive power of social media. Yet Komo News takes this message further. “Take care of our own; maybe it’s not just a Chehalis thing. Maybe it’s a human being thing. Look for ways to make other people happy.”
24. What was Susan’s initial purpose in writing the Facebook post
A. To show off. B. To raise money.
C. To ask for help. D. To make introductions.
25. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “breach” in paragraph 4
A. Defeat. B. Deepen.
C. Suffer. D. Spread.
26. What did Susan later call on people to do
A. Support Facebook. B. Send mail to Jimmy.
C. Write for social media. D. Visit Jimmy at festivals.
27. How does Komo News further Jimmy’s story
A. By interviewing Jimmy about his magical experience.
B. By focusing on the positive power of the Internet.
C. By persuading people to look on the bright side.
D. By appealing to people to deliver love to others.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D
C
Nature is one of the greatest sources of inspiration for engineers and computer scientists developing new technological tools. Over the past decade or so, roboticists have developed countless robots inspired by the behavior and biological mechanisms of snakes, fish, birds, insects and countless other animals.
Researchers at Beijing Institute of Technology recently designed a new bio-inspired robot that can maintain its balance using a tail-like mechanism. The robot is made up of a main body, two wheels and the tail-inspired component, which is controlled by an adaptive controller that allows it to turn in different directions within an area parallel (平行的) to the robot’s wheels. The specific patterns that are designed to increase the robot’s stability are calculated using the so-called Lyapunov stability theorem (定理), which is a theoretical construct that describes the stability of dynamic systems.
Most existing approaches to balancing vehicles with two wheels work by collecting a vehicle’s body height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electronic device that can measure a specific force acting on a body or object. Conventional approaches process the data collected by an IMU device and then carry out balancing strategies accordingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜) angle.
While many of these approaches achieved satisfactory results, the design put forward by this team of researchers introduces a practical alternative that does not involve adjusting the robot’s tilt angle. It is one of the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails of animals, to enhance a wheeled robot’s balance while considering uncertainty in the environment.
The researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the tail-like robotic mechanism in a series of tests. Their findings were very promising, as when the robot lost its balance in the tested environment the artificial “tail” was able to re-balance it within no more than 3.5 seconds.
In the future, this tail-like mechanism could be adapted to enhance the stability and balance of other existing or newly developed robots. In addition, the findings gathered as part of this study could inspire other roboticists to design similar tail-like components.
28. What can we learn about the new robot
A. It looks quite similar to an insect.
B. It consists of two main components.
C. Its “tail” helps it move around smoothly.
D. Its wheels are used to sustain its balance.
29. How does the author mainly develop paragraphs 3 and 4
A. By explaining the reason. B. By giving an example.
C. By making a comparison. D. By demonstrating the process.
30. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to
A. The adaptive controller. B. The bio-inspired robot.
C. The tail-like component. D. The surrounding environment.
31. What does the last paragraph focus on
A. The reasons for the research. B. The goals of the research.
C. The complexities of the research. D. The possible application of the research.
【答案】28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D
D
Brigadier general (准将) William Orlando Darby, born in Fort Smith, Arkansas, is best known for his organization of the 1st Ranger Battalion (第一突击营) during World War II.
Darby attended Belle Grove School through the sixth grade and then went to Fort Smith Senior High School. After his graduation in 1929, he received an appointment to West Point Military Academy, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science on June 13, 1933. Later Darby was chosen to organize and train military forces, and the 1st United States Army Ranger Battalion was set up on July 9, 1942. They carried out a number of successful night attacks.
When Robinson E. Duff, assistant division commander of the 10th Mountain Division, was wounded, Darby volunteered to take the place of him and led the 10th Mountain Division during the advance on Lake Garda. On April 30, 1945, he was in the process of outlining plans for the next day when an explosion near his location took place, and he was unfortunately hit dead. He received a promotion to brigadier general on May 15, 1945, the only soldier to receive such a promotion after his death.
General Lucian K. Truscott said of Darby following his death, “Never have I seen a more heroic officer.” And General George S. Patton called Darby “The bravest man I have ever known.”
Darby received many awards, including two Distinguished Service Crosses and the British Distinguished Service Order. Darby’s life is celebrated in many ways. Named after him was the USNS General William O. Darby, a U.S. Army troopship (运兵舰), which is now retired, as well as streets in many places. Cisterna, Italy, has a Darby School, and in his hometown of Fort Smith, the sister city to Cisterna, the senior high school he attended is now called the William O. Darby Junior High. Many army posts have training or airfields named after him.
Darby was originally buried in a military cemetery outside Cisterna, Italy, but on March 11, 1949, his body was returned to Arkansas and buried at the Fort Smith National Cemetery, just a few blocks from his boyhood home. In 2016, a statue of Darby was put up in Cisterna Park in Fort Smith.
32. Which of the following words best describe Darby
A. Generous and humorous. B. Admirable but unsociable.
C. Capable and responsible. D. Intelligent but discontented.
33. What happened to Darby on the last day of April in 1945
A. He was killed in an explosion. B. He was assigned to raise an army.
C. He was appointed to replace Duff. D. He was promoted to brigadier general.
34. What is the author’s main purpose in mentioning Truscott’s and Patton’s words
A. To thank Darby. B. To defend Darby.
C. To learn from Darby. D. To think highly of Darby.
35. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A. Ways of remembering Darby. B. Benefits of using Darby’s name.
C. Darby’s contributions to the army. D. Darby’s educational experiences.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. D 35. A
第二节 (共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Who are better leaders
Have you ever considered what the most popular personality type is: being an extrovert (外向人) or being an introvert (内向的人) It is hard to say. Each of these identities has its own strengths and weaknesses. ___36___ Some research has shown that introverts can outshine extroverts as leaders, despite the fact that the confident behavior of an extrovert fits many people's image of a typical CEO.
___37___ Outgoing workers or reserved ones The answer, it turns out, is those who can be bining the best of both personality types can make you an important role in the workplace. Although acting like both an extrovert and introvert might feel tricky at times, it's a skill we can all master with a little practice. Besides, it's not just CEOs who benefit from being both. The earlier in someone's career they build these skills, the better, since the benefits will improve over time. ___38___ On the contrary, it may mean introverts contributing more in meetings.
" To be more extroverted might require initiating conversation or making small talk," says Alisa Cohn, a coach from New York City." I like the idea of practicing such behavior three, four, five times a day in microdoses (微量). ___39___Check how often you do these things each day, and if you have met your goal." She also recommends spotting a role model you admire in your office who has the introvert or extrovert qualities you're looking for.___40___
A. Well, who are more successful at work
B. Is it possible to change your personality
C. Little by little, you' ll find it easier to achieve that.
D. For extroverts, this may mean being quieter in meetings.
E. This doesn't mean that introverts aren't happy and relaxed.
F. Then you can watch their behavior and model yourself after them.
G. However, it seems that there's constant debate about which is better.
【答案】36. G 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. F
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
How perfect the wings of a bird are! However, they will never ____41____ the bird during flight if unsupported by the air. Upon graduation, I will be able to analyze ancient poems using ___42___ terms, and simplify a derivative (导数) problem. Despite knowing how to perform these ____43____ tasks, I currently fail to ____44____ how to change a tire, or how to obtain an insurance policy.
I used to outdo my classmates ____45____. At first, I was getting everything right. Then, I ran for Student Government but was ____46____. How could that be
Someone must have made a(n) ____47____. As I failed for the second year, I ____48____ I had been wrongfully measuring my life through my test scores. It was my ____49____ that I had never prioritized communication skills, which my fellow candidates _____50_____. I decided to change my mindset and take a new _____51_____ to the way I lived. Soon I grew interested in the new viewpoints everyone around me could offer. To my _____52_____, I was elected to Student Government after my third year of trying.
As I further accept new life skills, I realize how much remains _____53_____ in the world. What I can do is prepare myself to take on the unknown. _____54_____, my wings will continue enabling me to fly, but it is going to take more than just me and my wings; I have to continue putting my ____55____ in the air around me.
41. A. assist B. feed C. follow D. guide
42. A. musical B. political C. literary D. economic
43. A. urgent B. impossible C. dangerous D. particular
44. A. consider B. understand C. mention D. remember
45. A. physically B. emotionally C. physiologically D. academically
46. A. rejected B. ignored C. blamed D. interrupted
47. A. attempt B. mistake C. decision D. promise
48. A. appreciated B. reported C. discovered D. recommended
49. A. fault B. business C. excuse D. dream
50. A. admitted B. needed C. received D. possessed
51. A. message B. approach C. program D. campaign
52. A. regret B. delight C. amusement D. embarrassment
53. A. undone B. unusual C. unfortunate D. uncertain
54. A. Surprisingly B. Gradually C. Hopefully D. Suddenly
55. A. view B. power C. honor D. faith
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. D
第二节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mexico’s Sinking Beach
Shocking photos of a popular beach in the Mexican state of Oaxaca sinking into the ocean did the rounds on social media, leaving people in disbelief. It turned ____56____ that the sinking was caused by a phenomenon known as “swells”. Swells rarely occur at popular coastal destinations, ____57____ only made the repeated sinking of the beach at Puerto Escondido much ____58____ (unusual).
Swells, also known as surface gravity waves, ____59____ (create) by storms thousands of miles away from the beach on which they break, and are not influenced by local winds. They cause a rise in sea level, but are different from high tide, eating away at the sand they hit and ____60____ (cause) large stretches of the beach to simply sink into the ocean. This was ____61____ happened at Puerto Escondido in September, 2019, but the really strange part was that the exact same thing ____62____ (occur) in the same place in May of the same year.
Swells happened all over the world, but they were ____63____ (particular) strong on the coast of Mexico, as the strong winds that blew between Australia and the American continent pushed the waves ____64____ (travel) distances of more than 10,000 kilometers without any obstacle until they reached the beaches of Oaxaca and Guerrero. However, with the _____65_____ (except) of Puerto Escondido, they did not affect other popular seaside destinations.
【答案】56. out
57. which 58. more unusual
59. are created
60. causing
61. what 62. occurred
63. particularly
64. to travel
65. exception
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 (满分10分)
66. 假定你是李华，中国国际展览中心（China International Exhibition Center）最近正在举办智能机器人展览。请写信给你的交换生朋友Arthur，邀请他一起去参观，内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.展览相关情况；
3.诚邀一同前往。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Arthur,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Arthur,
How have you been recently There is an impressive collection of smart robots being displayed at China International Exhibition Center recently from January 5, lasting for 3 days.
The exhibition shows the latest technology and related products from home and abroad. Visitors can enjoy fun interactions with many clever robots, which not only demonstrate the dramatic development of Chinese high technology but also arouse their interest in robotic science.
Would you like to visit the exhibition I’m sure you will benefit a lot from it. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分15分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Everything had been totally different that Sunday morning, when Peter and Michael had set out on their walk up the cool, tree-covered mountainside near the village where they lived. Near the top, the two boys had climbed onto a rock to admire the view of the valley far below them.
That was when disaster had struck. On climbing down, Peter had fallen awkwardly to the ground, his leg bent at a painful angle beneath him. Unable to move, he was forced to wait where he was, wrapped in Michael’s jacket, while Michael had begun the long journey down the mountainside to fetch help. When Michael finally reached the place where a mobile phone signal was available, he called the authorities for help. Ten minutes later, a helicopter found Michael and picked him up. The rescue of Peter started right away.
Michael looked down at the mountainside from the window of the helicopter. He felt increasingly helpless, as it looked totally different from the air and the network of tiny paths was mostly hidden from view by the thick covering of trees. To make matters worse, the light was fading fast and a thick blanket of mist was starting to form. Eventually the pilot and the three mountain rescue workers in the helicopter agreed that they would have to go back and continue the search for Peter on foot.
By seven o’clock that evening, they had left the helicopter in the village and gathered a mountain rescue team of fifteen men. Michael felt disheartened and scared for his friend’s safety. Slowly they climbed up the mountain, searching the many paths for Peter. The only sounds were footsteps and occasional noises on the walkie-talkies that the rescue workers carried to talk to each other. The mountainside was a frightening place after nightfall and gradually Michael started to wonder whether they would ever find Peter at all.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Suddenly Michael heard a voice come over one of the walkie-talkies.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Peter was safely placed in a hospital room.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Suddenly Michael heard a voice come over one of the walkie-talkies. It said, “We’ve got him. We’re taking him down.” Michael was so excited that he burst into tears. He had been worrying that he would lose his friend forever. And if that terrible thing had happened, he would never forgive himself for the rest of his life. Luckily, they both were given a second chance to correct their mistakes and live their lives in a different way. Michael let out a soft breath of relief.
Peter was safely placed in a hospital room. “I’m sorry,” said Michael to his friend, “I didn’t realize it would take so long.” Holding Michael’s hand tightly, Peter weakly smiled back and said, “I know you tried your best and you saved my life. Thank you so much.” Though Peter’s injury wasn’t serious, the doctors decided to keep him at the hospital for the night in case of complications with his leg. Before leaving, Michael looked down at his friend and put his hand on Peter’s shoulder as, silently, they both decided never to go walking in the mountains again.
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