Unit 2 Exploring English Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas 课件 高中英语必修第一册外研版

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UNIT 2 Exploring English
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
高中英语必修第一册外研版
课文对译解读
原文呈现
Starting out
1 Look at the charts and answer the questions.269
1 According to Chart 1, which language has the largest number of native
speakers According to Chart 2, which language has the largest number of learners
2 What can you learn from Chart 3 Why do you think many people in China learn
English
2 Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 Which countries mentioned in the video （动词-ed短语作后置定语，修饰
countries。）have English as their first language
2 Where do a third of English words come from What examples are given in
the video
名师圈点
①chart/t ɑ:t/n.［C］图表
②have…as… 把……作为……
③a third 三分之一
语法 "分数词+of+名词"作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词决定。
总结 分数表达法：
（a）分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用序数词的复数形式;
（b）分子和分母之间可以用连字符，也可以不用。
one third/one-third/a third 三分之一
two fifths 五分之二
原文呈现
Understanding ideas
1 Look at the title of the passage and the pictures. Tick what you
think the passage is about.
2 Read the passage and check your answer to Activity 1.
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
［标题赏析］单词pineapple由pine和apple合成，却表示"菠萝"。用"Neither Pine nor
Apple in Pineapple"作标题，既夺人眼球，吸引读者，又暗示了文章主题：English
is a crazy language to learn。
1 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning . .English
（why引导的宾语从句，作asked的直接宾语。） I hadn't, until. .one day my five-
year-old son asked me whether there was ham . .in a hamburger.【1】There isn't.
This made me realize（make sb. do sth.结构，意为"使某人做某事"。） that there's
no egg in eggplant either.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.（"get+宾语
+宾补"结构，其中动词-ing形式thinking作宾补;how引导的从句作thinking的宾语。）
【2】This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.
【1】整个句子是"not…until…"结构。"I hadn't"是"I hadn't asked myself"的省略形
式;until引导时间状语从句; 详见P062
在该时间状语从句中，whether引导的从句作asked的直接宾语，whether在此意为"是
否"。 详见P063
【2】"neither…nor…"是并列连词，意为"既不……也不……;……和……都不"；此处
否定词Neither位于句首，故句子用部分倒装语序。 详见P063
2 For example,in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a
painting,but we take a photo. And when we are traveling（when引导的时间状语从
句） we say that we are in the car or the taxi,but on the train or bus! While
we're doing all this traveling,we can get seasick . .at sea,airsick in the air and
carsick in a car,but we don't get homesick when we get. .back home.（并列连词but
引导的并列复合句。前一分句中，While引导时间状语从句；后一分句中，when引导
时间状语从句。）And speaking of（意为"说到，谈及"，常置于句首作状语，引出
下文内容。） home,why aren't homework and housework the same thing
3 If "hard" is the opposite . .of "soft",why are "hardly" and "softly" not an
opposing pair If harmless . .actions are the opposite of harmful actions,why are
shameless. .and shameful behaviors . .the same （此处两个句子结构相似，使行
文流畅，节奏优美，表达有力度。）
4 When we look out of the window and see rain or snow,we can say "it's raining"
or "it's snowing". But when we see sunshine, we can't say "it's sunshining".
5 Even the smallest words can be confusing.When you see the capitalized
"WHO" in a medical report,do you read it as the "who" in "Who's that "What
about （what about…表示"……怎么样"，可以用于引出话题，也可以用于提出建
议。）"IT" and "US"
6 You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a
house can burn up. .as it burns down,in which you fill in . .a form by filling it
out,and in which an alarm. .is only heard once it goes off 【3】!
【3】见文末的图解秒懂。
7 English was invented by people,not computers,and it reflects the creativity of
the human race. That is why when the stars are out,they are visible ,but when
the lights are out,they are invisible.【4】And that is why when I wind up my
watch,it starts,but when I wind up this passage,it ends.
【4】"That is why…"意为"那就是……的原因"，为固定句型,此句型中why引导的是
表语从句。本句中"when the stars are out"与"when the lights are out"均为when引导
的时间状语从句。下一句话也是这样的结构。
菠萝≠松树+苹果
1 你有没有问过自己，为什么人们学英语常常有困难 我以前从未想过这个问题，直
到有一天，我5岁的儿子问我hamburger （汉堡包）里面有没有ham （火腿）。答案
是没有。这让我意识到，eggplant （茄子）里面也没有egg （鸡蛋）。Pineapple
（菠萝）里既没有pine （松树），也没有apple （苹果）。这让我陷入思考：为何
英语学起来让人疯狂
2 例如，闲暇时我们可以雕一座雕像（sculpt a sculpture）、画一张画
（paint a painting），但只能拍一张照片（take a photo）。旅行时，我们坐汽车或
出租车时是说坐在里面（in）, 坐火车或公共汽车时却要说坐在上面（on）！同样，
我们会在海上晕船（seasick at sea）、在飞机里晕机（airsick in the air）、在车里
晕车（carsick in a car），但回到家里我们却不会"晕家" （homesick,实际意义为"想
家的"）。说到家，为什么homework（家庭作业）和housework（家务）不是一回事
呢
3 如果说hard （硬）是soft （软）的反义词，为什么hardly （几乎不）和softly
（柔和地）却不是一对反义词 如果说harmless actions （无害行为）和harmful
actions（有害行为）意思相反，为什么shameless behaviors （无耻行为）和shameful
behaviors （可耻行为）反而是一回事
4 当我们望向窗外，看到雨（rain） 或雪（snow）时，我们可以说正在下雨
（ it's raining）或正在下雪（it's snowing ）。可我们看见阳光（sunshine）的时候
却不能说"正在下阳光"（it's sunshining）。
5 就算是最短的单词都会让人费解。当你在医学报告中看到大写的WHO时，你会把
它读成"Who's that "中的who吗 那么IT和US又该怎么读呢
6 英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，
可以说burn up（字面意思为"烧上去"），也可以说burn down （字面意思为"烧下去
"）；填表的时候，你可以fill in a form （字面意思为"填入表里"），也可以fill out
a form （字面意思为"填到表外"）；而且只有闹钟走了（go off字面意思为"离开"）
以后你才能听到铃声!
7 英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。这就是为什么
stars are out （星星出来了）的时候我们能看到星星，而lights are out （灯灭了）
的时候我们却看不到灯光。这也是当我wind up my watch （给手表上紧发条）以后
表针开始走，而我wind up this passage （将本文收尾）后这篇文章结束的原因。
名师圈点
①title/ ta tl/ n.［C］标题，题目;头衔vt.加标题，定题目
②pine/pa n/ n.［C,U］松树
③pineapple/ pa n p（ ）l/ n.［C,U］菠萝
④have trouble （此处用作不可数名词）doing（此处是考查重点） sth.做某事有困难
近义 have difficulty （in） doing sth.做某事费劲/有困难
have a hard/difficult time doing sth. 做某事有困难
have trouble/difficulty with sth. 在……方面有困难
⑤ham/h m/n.［C,U］火腿
⑥eggplant/ e?plɑ nt/ n.［C,U］茄子
⑦sculpt/sk lpt/vt.雕刻，雕塑
sculpture/ sk lpt /n.［C,U］雕像,雕刻品，雕塑作品
⑧seasick/ si: s k/ adj.晕船的
构词法 sick作形容词，可意为"不适"，常用于构成复合词。
学以致用 猜测下列单词的意思：
carsick__________ airsick__________
homesick__________
⑨opposite/ p z t/n.［C］对立的人（或物），对立面 详见P059
⑩harmless/ hɑ ml s/adj.无害的，不会导致损伤的
反义 harmful/ hɑ mfl/adj.有害的，导致损害的
构词法 形容词后缀-less表示"无，没有；不做，不受影响"。
形容词后缀-ful表示 "充满……的，有……性质（或倾向）的"。
学以致用 猜测下列单词的意思：
hopeless__________
hopeful__________
meaningless__________
meaningful__________
shameless/ e ml s/adj.无耻的，没廉耻的
近义 shameful/ e mfl/adj.可耻的，丢脸的
behavior/b he vj /n.［U］举止，行为；［U,C］（人、动植物、化学品等的）表
现方式、活动方式（也写作behaviour）
good/bad behavior 良好/恶劣行为
拓展 behave vi.表现； vt.& vi.表现得体，有礼貌
confusing/k n fju:z /adj.令人困惑的 详见P060
capitalized/ k p tla zd/ adj.大写的
词链 capital（adj.大写的 n.［C］大写字母；首都；［sing.,U］资本）—capitalize
（vt.把……首字母大写；为……提供运营资本）—capitalized（adj.）
wonder at… 对……感到诧异
madness/ m dn s/n.［U］疯狂;愚蠢行为
同义 craziness n.［U］疯狂
派生构词 mad（adj.疯的;疯狂的;极愚蠢的）+-ness（名词后缀,表示"……的性质/状
态/特点"）→madness（n.）
burn up 被烧毁
拓展 burn down （被）焚毁
burn sth.to the ground把某物焚烧殆尽
fill in 填写（表格等）（=fill out）
alarm/ lɑ m/n.［C］闹钟；警报器 详见P060
go off （警报器等）突然发出巨响;离开；爆炸；（电灯）熄灭
reflect/r flekt/vt.显示;反映 vt.& vi.深思 详见P061
creativity/ kri:e t v ti/ n.［U］创造性，创造力
词链 create （vt.创造）—creator（n.［C］创造者）—creation（n.［U］创造；［C］
作品）—creative（adj.有创造力的）—creatively（adv.有创造力地）—creativity（n.）
the human race n.［sing.］人类
同义 humankind n.［U］（统称）人，人类
visible/ v z b（ ）l/adj.看得见的，可见的
反义 invisible/ n v z bl/adj.看不见的
wind熟词生义 /wa nd/（wound/wound）vt.& vi.给（钟表等）上发条；蜿蜒，曲折
而行，迂回;vt.卷缠，缠绕
wind up 给（钟表等）上发条；结束（讲话、会议等）；以……告终（或终结）
wind down把（汽车窗玻璃等）摇下； 使（业务、活动等）逐步结束
细研读 教材深挖 深挖教材链接高考
A 课文观察与发现
1.请观察下面两个句子中的画线部分，体会并归纳其特点。
①If "hard" is the opposite of "soft", why are "hardly" and "softly" not an opposing
pair
②If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and
shameful behaviors the same
【答案】以上两句使用的句式常用于提出疑惑或委婉表达自己观点的情境中。If引
导的条件状语从句虽然表示一种假设，但在此句式中引出一个公认的事实，作为作
者或说话者进一步提出疑惑或观点、建议的铺垫。
2.【创新应用】根据观察结果翻译下列句子
①如果英式英语和美式英语有很多不同点，那为什么美国人与英国人在交流中没有
任何困难？（提出疑惑）
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
②你如果对你的新校园感到好奇，为什么不去四处看看呢？（提出建议）
_________________________________________________________________________
_________
If you are curious about your new campus, why don't you take a look around？
If there are many differences between British English and American
English, why do the British people and American people have no difficulty
communicating with each other
B 课文语篇结构
1.____________________________
2._________________________
3.__________
4._______________________________________________
have trouble learning English
a crazy language to learn
Examples
human creativity/the creativity of the human race
C 课文阅读理解
1.What made the author think English is a crazy language ( )
A
A.His son's question. B.The apple in pineapple.
C.The ham in a hamburger. D.His trouble in learning English.
2.Which pair of the following is an opposingone ( )
C
A.Burn up/burn down. B.Fill in/fill out.
C.Visible/invisible. D.Hardly/softly.
3.What can we learn from all the examples given in the passage ( )
D
A.They explain how to learn English.
B.They introduce the history of English.
C.They show the large vocabulary of English.
D.They reflect the creativity of the human race.
4.What do we know from the last paragraph ( )
D
A.Words sometimes confuse us.
B.Words always have the same meanings.
C.Words can't always describe how we feel.
D.Words can have different meanings in different situations.
5.What is the writer's tone in writing this passage ( )
C
A.Excited but puzzled. B.Regretful and angry.
C.Humorous and serious. D.Shocked but understanding.
D 课文语法填空
Why do people have trouble 1. . （learn） English I hadn't asked
myself until one day my son asked me 2. .（sudden） whether there was
ham in a hamburger, which got me thinking how English can be a crazy language
to learn.
There are many words that can be 3. .（confuse） and can also
make us wonder 4. . the unique madness of English. For example, we sculpt a
5. .（sculpt） and paint a painting, but we take 6. . photo."Hard" and
"soft" are opposite in meaning, but "hardly" and "softly" aren't. And do you read
the 7. .（capitalize） "WHO" in a medical report as the "who" in
"Who's that " All the examples tell us that English 8. .（invent） by
people and it 9. .（reflect） the creativity of the human race.
learning
suddenly
confusing
at
sculpture
a
capitalized
was invented
reflects
That's 10. .when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are
out, they are invisible.
why
E 课文佳句临摹
1.教材原句：Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning
English （"have trouble doing sth."结构）
仿写：请记住，如果你在解决这些问题时遇到困难,你应该向老师寻求帮助。
Please keep in mind that you ought to turn to the teacher for help
_______________________________________.
if you have trouble settling the problems
2.教材原句：Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.（neither…nor…）
仿写：正如作者所解释的，这既不是一本旅游书，也不是一本历史书。
As the author explains，______________________________________________.
neither is this a travel book nor a history book
原文呈现
3 Choose the author's purpose in writing the passage.
1 To tell us that English is very difficult to learn（"be+形容词+动词不定式"结构，
虽然learn 与从句主语English是逻辑上的动宾关系，但在形容词 difficult后面要用主
动形式表示被动意义。）.
2 To give advice on how to learn English（"疑问词+动词不定式"结构，此处作介
词on的宾语。）.
3To show that English is interesting and creative.
4 To explain how English was created.
√
4 Complete the notes with words from the passage.
In order to support his idea,the author uses many examples that show the. . ________. .madness of English（that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词examples。 that在从句中作主语。）. no egg in eggplant no ham in ___________ neither pine nor apple in __________ sculpt a sculpture paint a （n） _________ BUT take a photo seasick→sick at sea _______→sick in the air ________→sick in a car BUT __________→/ sick at home "Hard" is the
opposite of "soft".
"Hardly" and
"softly" are not a
（n） _________
pair.
unique
hamburger
pineapple
painting
airsick
carsick
homesick
opposing
"Harmless" is theopposite of "harmful". Shameful and shameless __________ are the same. burn up→burn down fill in a form→ ______ ____ a form Stars are out.→They are visible. Lights are out.→They are _________. I wind up my
watch.→It starts.
I wind up the
passage.→It
______.
The reason is that English was invented by people（"The reason is that..."意为"原 因是……"，其中that引导的是表语从句。 ［比较］It/This is because... 那/这是因 为…… It/That/This is why... 那/这就是……的原因。）,and it ________ the creativity of the human race.____ behaviors
fill out
invisible
ends
reflects
续表
5 Read the following information and answer the questions.
The word "pineapple" developed from the Spanish word "pi a",which means
pine cone（which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词pi a。）.When it came to
England,"apple" was added to show it is a kind of fruit.
The origin of "hamburger" was a hard beef steak called "Hamburg steak"
（动词-ed短语作后置定语，修饰beef steak。）,eaten without bread. Later,people
reinvented it and called it "hamburger".
Eggplants used to be smaller and yellow or white. They looked a bit like eggs,
which led to . .the name "eggplant". （which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代
前面的整个主句。）
"pineapple"一词从西班牙语单词 "pi a"发展而来，"pi a"的意思是松果。当这个
词来到英国的时候，人们加了"apple"来表明它是一种水果。
"hamburger"源自一种叫作"Hamburg steak"的硬牛排，吃的时候不配面包。后来，
人们对其加以改良，称之为"hamburger"。
茄子过去比较小，呈黄色或白色。它们看起来有点儿像鸡蛋，因此得名
"eggplant"。
1 How did pineapples, hamburgers and eggplants get their names
2 Does the information above give you a better understanding of the
passage Give your reasons.
Think_______ Share
1 Do you agree with the author's opinion about the English language Give your
reasons.
2 What do you find most challenging. .（find+宾语+宾补（adj.））about learning
English How do you deal with this
名师圈点
①give advice on…就……给出建议
②support/s p :t/vt.支持；证实；支撑n.［U］支持；援助
③origin/ r d n/n.［C，U］起源，源头
词链 origin（n.）—original（adj. 最初的；独创的；原作的）—originally（adv.原先，
最初）—originality（n.［U］独创性，创造力，新颖）
④reinvent / ri: n vent/ vt.改良
派生构词 re-（前缀,常用于构成动词及相关的名词、形容词和副词，表示"又，再，
重新"）+invent（vt.发明,创造）→ reinvent（vt.）
⑤used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
辨析 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
⑥lead to 导致;通往。to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语
⑦a better understanding of… 更好地理解……
⑧agree with 同意某人的话或观点
词汇句式详解
. .手写体的词汇为本单元复现词汇
Point 1 opposite 课标词 高频词
教材语境P19 If "hard" is the opposite of "soft"… 如果说hard （硬）是soft
（软）的反义词……
用法详解 （1）n.［C］ 对立的人（或物）,对立面
just the opposite 正好相反
Jack is considerate; his wife is just the opposite.杰克为人体贴,而他妻子恰恰相反。
The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of
what others actually understand.你试图通过语言传递的信息也许与别人实际上理解的
正好相反。（链高考|上海）
（2）adj.相反的，迥然不同的；对立的
be opposite to 与……相反，与……相对
It was obvious that I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus
that was taking me in the opposite direction.很明显我要迟到了，因为我误上了开往
反方向的公共汽车。
Light is opposite to shadow.光和影相对。
（3）prep.在……对面
It happened that my English teacher lived opposite my home.碰巧我的英语老师住
在我家对面。
（4）adv.在对面
She asked the man sitting opposite whether he would mind if she opened the
window.她问坐在对面的那位男士是否介意她打开窗户。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
Though Tim ran into much difficulty, he firmly opposed giving up the task. 蒂姆
尽管遇到了很多困难，还是坚决反对放弃这项任务。
At first he was opposed to the idea, but later he agreed.起先他反对这个主意，但
后来他同意了。
My sister and I have opposing views on raising children.我的姐姐与我对于养育孩
子持有相反的观点。
They had to give up moving house after facing opposition from parents. 他们在遭
到父母反对后不得不放弃了搬家。
学思用 小题集训
1.语法填空
①My idea of applying for a position in a local chemical works met strong
___________（oppose）from my family members for various reasons.
②My sister opposed ___________（organise） a party for my 18th birthday.
Instead, she suggested going on a picnic.
③Many educators are opposed ___ the idea of putting children under great pressure
by doing too much homework every day.
④The twins have _________ attitudes towards life. Thus, one is living happily and
the other is just the _________.（oppose）
opposition
organising
to
opposing
opposite
2.情景写作
①锻炼有益于我们的身心健康，但过度的运动则有反效果。
Exercise is of benefit to our physical and mental health, but doing sport overly can
________________.
do the opposite
②我们应该鼓励学生表达自己的想法，而不是只听老师讲解。
We should encourage students to express their own ideas, ______________________
______________________.
as opposed to just listening to the teachers
3.句式升级
The government put off the new plan because a lot of people were opposed to it.
____________________________________________________，the government put it
off.（with复合结构）
With a lot of people opposed to/opposing the new plan
Point 2 confusing课标派生
教材语境P20 Even the smallest words can be confusing.就算是最短的单词都会
让人费解。
用法详解 confusing adj.令人困惑的,难以理解的，不清楚的。常用来修饰物。
His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out what it is he is trying
to express.他写的东西是如此令人困惑以至于很难弄明白他想表达什么。
The confusing instructions of the medicine led me not to dare to take it for my
headache. 这种药令人困惑的用法说明使我不敢吃它来治疗我的头疼。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
Don't confuse Austria with Australia.不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混了。
If you're confused about anything, phone me.你如果对任何事情感到困惑，打电话
给我。（应用文写作之劝慰信）
Her unexpected departure threw us into total confusion.她的突然离开使我们不知所
措，乱成一团。
语境串记 They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally
confused, standing there in confusion and not knowing what to do next.他们问了那
么多难以理解的问题，让我很困惑。我彻底糊涂了，困惑地站在那里，不知道接下
来要做什么。
语法填空
1.(2024·江苏连云港段考)The __________ problem really _________ the _________
boy, who is always _________ about such things. （confuse）
confusing
confuses
confused
confused
【解析】句意：这个令人困惑的问题确实把那个困惑的男孩弄糊涂了，他总是对这
类事情感到困惑。
2.On the way to success, remember not to confuse dreams _________ goals.
3.(湖北四地七校联考)Learning two or more languages at the same time was
believed to cause __________（confuse）.
4.(2024·广东深圳期末)Obviously, the exchange student got quite confused
_______some pronunciation in Chinese language.（主题素材·语言学习）
with/and
confusion
about
Point 3 alarm 课标词 高频词
教材语境P20 …an alarm is only heard once it goes off!……只有闹钟走了
（go off字面意思为"离开"）以后你才能听到铃声!
用法详解（1）n.［C］闹钟（=alarm clock）；警报器；［C,usually sing.］警报；
［U］惊恐，惊慌
set the alarm for+时间 把闹钟定在……时间
set off the alarm 触动警报器
in alarm 惊慌地（常作方式状语）
raise/sound the alarm 发出警报
Set the alarm for 6 o'clock, or you will be late for the flight tomorrow.把闹钟定
在6点钟，否则你明天会误了航班。
If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your
hall staff.如果烟雾检测器发出警报，但没有火灾或烟，请通知大堂工作人员。
（链高考|天津）
All of a sudden, a loud noise came from downstairs, making Ellie cry out in
alarm.楼下突然传来一声巨响，使埃莉惊慌地大叫起来。
I knocked on all the doors to raise the alarm.我敲了所有的门让大家警觉。
（2）vt.使担心，使害怕，使惊恐
The captain knew there was a fault in an engine but he didn't want to alarm the
passengers.船长知道有一台发动机出了故障，不过他不想惊动乘客。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）alarming adj.使人惊恐的， 令人惊慌的
The alarming decline of African elephants has raised widespread concern in society.
非洲象数量正在以惊人的速度减少， 这引发了社会的广泛关注。
（2）alarmed adj.担心，害怕 be/feel alarmed by/at sth.因某事而担心/害怕
She was alarmed at the thought of travelling alone.她一想到独自旅行就害怕。
1.语法填空
①(2024·广东茂名期末)We were _________ to see the Amazon rainforest is
disappearing at an _________ rate.（alarm）
②Hearing a loud noise outside his door, he jumped up ___ alarm.
③(江苏省江阴高级中学期末)Everyone _____________（alarm） at the news that
two lions ran away from the zoo.
alarmed
alarming
in
was alarmed
2.情景写作
①闹钟一响，我就赶紧起床，冲出家门，迫不及待地想参加这次志愿服务活动。
（读后续写之动作描写）
_____________________________, I got up immediately and rushed out of home,
in my eagerness to take part in the voluntary service activity.
As soon as the alarm wentoff
②苏体温很高，这使医生很担心。
Sue's high temperature___________________________.
greatly alarmed the doctors
Point 4 reflect 课标词 高频词
教材语境P20 …it reflects the creativity of the human race. ……它反映了人类
的创造力。
用法详解（1）vt.显示，表明； 反射； 反映,映出（影像）
reflect the views of…表明……的意见
reflect sb./sth.in sth.在……里映出……
A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man's intelligence
and creativity. 城市是人的手和思想的产物，反映了人类的智慧和创造力。
（链高考|江苏）
Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. 我们的报纸旨在
表达当地人民的心声。
The windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight.窗户反射着午后明媚的阳光。
（读后续写之景色描写）
She could see her face reflected in the car's windshield.她看到自己的脸映照在汽
车挡风玻璃上。
（2）vt.& vi.沉思，认真思考
reflect on/upon…认真思考……
Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the
social and economic life of the people living long time ago.阅读历史是一种奇妙的
体验，因为它能让我们认真思考很久以前人们的社会和经济生活。（链高考|天津）
联想串记 相关词语积累：
Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality. 你的穿着常常反映出你的个
性。
I'm going to take part in the English speech competition on reflection. 经过深思，
我决定参加英语演讲比赛。
1.语法填空
①(全国Ⅲ卷)As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless
by the mountains being silently reflected ___ the water.
in
【解析】句意：小船在河上缓缓地行驶着，群山静静倒映在水中，这让他惊讶得说
不出话来。
②The teacher was glad to see that the students were reflecting _________their
replies and was sure that they had understood the purpose of the story.
③(浙江高考)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a __________（reflect）
of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
on/upon
reflection
【解析】句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子就是她自己的写照，所有东西都很有品位，
且摆放得井井有条。
2.单句写作
①(上海市金山中学期末)我们反思自己过去的错误并下定决心不再犯。
【答案】We reflect on/upon our past mistakes and make up our minds not to
make them again.
②书法就像一面镜子，是心灵的无声反映。
【答案】Calligraphy, like a mirror, is a silent reflection of the soul.
Points 5&6 until引导的时间状语从句，whether引导的宾语从句
教材语境P19 I hadn't, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether
there was ham in a hamburger.我以前从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我5岁的
儿子问我hamburger （汉堡包）里面有没有ham （火腿）。
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
5 until引导的时间状语从句必备
用法详解until作连词用时，引导时间状语从句，意为"直到……为止"。
（1）如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，如live、wait、work 等，那么主句要用肯
定形式，表示动作一直持续到until 所表示的时间为止。
I have to stay here until the rain stops.我不得不待在这儿直到雨停。
Mum waited for me until I came back last night.昨晚妈妈一直等到我回来。
（2）如果主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词，如go、come、leave、finish等，那么主
句常用否定形式，表示动作到until所表示的时间才发生，构成"not…until…
（直到……才……）"结构。
I didn't realize how right my parents were until I entered high school.直到我进入
高中，我才意识到我的父母是多么正确。（链高考|全国Ⅱ卷）
1.till和until一般情况下可以互换，但till不可以放在句首，而until可以。
Until you told me I knew nothing of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。
2.not until…位于句首时，句子主句用部分倒装。
Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities
in the rural areas.直到最近，他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游有关的活动。
（链高考|江苏）
完成句子
1.(2024·广东深圳期中)尽管身体不好，胡先生仍然努力工作，直到项目完成。（until）
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2.直到三年前我离开祖国，我才意识到我有多么爱她。（not…until…）
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________
I didn't realize how much I loved her until I left my motherland three years ago.或Not until I left my motherland three years ago did I realize how much I loved her.
In spite of/Despite his poor health, Mr Hu still worked hard until the
project was completed.或Although/Though he was in poor health, Mr Hu still
worked hard until the project was completed.
6 whether引导的宾语从句
用法详解whether引导宾语从句时表示"是否"，位于动词之后时可与if互换。
She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that
I hadn't. 她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。（链高考|天津）
联想串记 在下列情况下，只能用whether,不用if：
（1）后紧跟or not时
I still don't know whether or not he's planning to come.我仍然不知道他是否计划来。
（2）从句作介词宾语时
I'm not interested in whether they believe in me or not.我对他们是否信任我并不
关心。
（3）为了强调，将宾语从句提至句首时
Whether the story is true or not, I don't know yet. 故事是否属实，我还不知道。
选词填空：whether/if
1.(山东师大附中检测)Recently, we had a class discussion about _________ it is
necessary to apply high technology to the Palace Museum.（观点论述类应用文写作
之开头语）
whether
2.No one knows _________ or not the professor will come to our school and give
us a talk.
3.(山东省实验中学期末)I'd appreciate it if you could tell me in advance
__________ you will attend my birthday party or not.（应用文写作之邀请信结尾语）
whether
whether/if
Point 7 含有否定意义的词置于句首引起的部分倒装
教材语境P19 Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. Pineapple（菠萝）
里既没有pine（松树），也没有apple（苹果）。
句式剖析 该中并列连词"neither…nor…"连接并列主语pine和apple。含有否定意义的
连词Neither置于句首，引起部分倒装，把is提到主语pine前面。
用法详解含有否定意义的连接词、副词和介词短语位于句首时，由于修辞的要求，
引起部分倒装。
（1）含有否定意义的连接词，如neither…nor…、not only…but （also）…、
hardly…when…、no sooner…than…等置于句首。
Hardly had he arrived when he was recognized by the audience. 他刚到就被观众
认了出来。
Not only does he want to set up a new school, but （also） he wants to give
away some money to the poor. 他不仅想建一所新学校，还想给穷人捐钱。
（2）含有否定意义的副词，如not、seldom、 little、 never、 hardly、 rarely、
nowhere 等置于句首。
Never have I lacked interest in reading A Dream of Red Mansions.自始至终我都
抱着浓厚的兴趣品读《红楼梦》。（新素材·阅读名著）
Nowhere else can you find such an energetic person as him. 到哪里你也找不着像
他那样精力充沛的人。
（3）含有否定意义的介词短语，如by no means、 at no time、 in no way、 in
no case、 on no condition 等置于句首。
By no means should you tell lies to your parents. 你决不应该向父母撒谎。
On no condition can we cheat in examinations.我们在任何情况下都不能在考试中
作弊。
1.完成句子
①我来到这个岛之前很少见到这么大的蛇。
Seldom ____________________________ before I came to this island.
had I seen such a big snake
②(2024·重庆九龙坡区月考)任何情况下我们都不能违抗自然法则，否则就会受到大
自然的惩罚。（应用文写作之环境保护）
In no case________________________________, or we will be punished by nature.
can we break the laws of nature
③(广东广州期末)中国书法（calligraphy）不仅是一种美丽的艺术形式，而且已成了
连接过去和现在的一种方式。
Not only ______________________ a beautiful art form, but it
_______________________ connecting the past and the present.
is Chinese calligraphy
has become a means of
2.写作升级（用部分倒装句）
There was neither Wi-Fi nor telephone services in that hotel, which left a bad
impression on us.
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________
Neither was there Wi-Fi nor telephone services in that hotel, which left a bad impression on us.
Points 8&9 as引导的时间状语从句，once引导从句的用法
教材语境P20 …a house can burn up as it burns down…an alarm is only
heard once it goes off! ……房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up（字面意思为"
烧上去"）……只有闹钟走了（go off字面意思为"离开"）以后你才能听到铃声!
8 as引导的时间状语从句
用法详解as引导时间状语从句时，意为"当……的时候，在……的同时,随着……"，
强调主从句的谓语动作同时进行。
I met one of my friends as I was in the park.我在公园时遇到了我的一位朋友。
As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old
people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要关照。
（链高考|天津）
They sang songs. .as they were doing farm work.他们一边干农活，一边唱着歌。
特别提醒 as意为"随着……"时，意思与with相同，但with为介词，后面不能跟从句。
试比较：
随着时间的推移,他的健康状况似乎好转了。
As time goes by, his condition seems to get better.
With time going by, his condition seems to get better.
1.语法填空
With prices ______（go） up so fast, we can't afford a car.
going
2.完成句子
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始欣赏中国
文化。（as）
_____________________________________________________________ in global
affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate
Chinese culture.（新素材·提升民族自信）
As China plays a greater role/With China playing a greater role
9 once引导从句的用法
用法详解 once作从属连词时，既可以引导时间状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句。
once引导的从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来。
（1）once引导时间状语从句时,意为"一……就……"，相当于as soon as。
Once he arrives, we can start.他一到，我们就可以动身。
（2）once引导条件状语从句时,意为"一旦……就……"。
Once you get into a bad habit, you will find it hard to get rid of it.你一旦养成
一个坏习惯，就会发现很难改掉它。
1.语法填空
I believe you will have a wonderful time here once you ____（get） to know
everyone else.
get
2.完成句子
①______________________________（我们的朋友一旦有了困难），we should try
our best to help them.（once）
②The kind girl gave her seat to the old man right now _______________________
________（她一见到他）.
Once our friends are introuble
once/as soon as she saw him
学业质量测评
手写体的词汇为本单元复现词汇
A 基础练 知识巩固
建议时间：15分钟
Ⅰ 单词拼写（用本部分所学单词）
1.Our English teacher told us to write a short composition with the t____ of "My
most admired person", giving a description of the person's achievements.
2.Children should be praised for their good b_____________, which encourages
them to do better.
itle
ehavio（u）r
3.(全国Ⅱ卷)
Set your a______ clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!
larm
4.(天津市海河中学期末)
John has a ________（独特的）way to get across his opinion by using as few
words as possible.
unique
5.That fashion differs from country to country（That引导的主语从句） may
_______（反映） the cultural differences from one aspect（方面）.
reflect
Ⅱ 语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Two fifths of the boys in our class ____（be） going to join the army.
2.After the fire, the building was burned _________ and only ashes（废墟） were
left.
3.Let's sing the song Auld Lang Syne together before we wind ____ the party.
4.The moment he saw the heavy smoke, the firefighter ran into the burning house
without hesitation to save those _________（trap） inside.
5.You can't imagine what difficulty we had _________（walk） home in the
snowstorm.
are
up/down
up
trapped
walking
6.As to whether students should have classes at weekends, our class hold
_________ opinions. Some are for it, arguing that it will improve our academic
performance while others are _________ to it, believing it will bring about the
_________ result.（oppose）（观点论述类议论文写作之说明观点）
opposing
opposed
opposite
7.At first sight, all the questions in the test paper were __________, throwing me
in such a __________ that I felt _________ about how to answer them.（confuse）
8.At present, large amounts of farmland are being destroyed at an _________ rate
so that it has got many agricultural scientists _________.（alarm）
confusing
confusion
confused
alarming
alarmed
9.The school should _______ as many opportunities as possible for children to get
close to nature, for all the creatures in the natural world will excite their interest
and __________,encouraging them to grow into ________ people, who will bring
beautiful _________ to the world.（create）
create
creativity
creative
creations
10.(2024·广东深圳期末)It's a good habit for you to spend some time reflecting
_________ your successes and failures every month.
on/upon
Ⅲ 完成句子
1.随着年龄的增长，人会变得更有经验。
___________________, one becomes more experienced.（as引导的时间状语从句）
As one grows older
2.(2024·广东茂名检测)在实现我们的梦想之前我们永远不会放弃。
We will never give up our dream ___________________.（until引导的时间状语从
句）
until it comes true
3.他一旦下定决心做什么事，没有什么可以阻止他。
___________________________________________, there was no stopping him.
（once引导的条件状语从句）
Once he made up his mind to do something
4.(黑龙江哈九中期末)这是我第一次写申请信和个人简历，因此我不知道是否有要注
意的东西。（应用文写作之求助信）
This is the first time that I have written an application and a resume, so I don't
know ______________________________________________.（whether/if引导的宾语
从句）
if/whether there is something to pay attention to
5.不要玩太多网络游戏，它们既不能增长你的知识，对你的健康也没有好处。
Don't play online games too much—_______________________________________
nor do they do any good to your health.（neither置于句首引起的部分倒装）
neither do they increase your knowledge
B 综合练 能力提升
建议时间：8分钟
阅读理解（语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——正在消失的语言）
Do you know that every fourteen days one of the world's about 7,000
languages dies out Throughout human history, languages have died out because of
natural disasters, wars or genocide （种族灭绝）, but nowadays the major factor is
globalization. This is happening all over the world. In the Amazon rainforest, for
example, native people are learning Portuguese to move to the big cities in Brazil
to find work. In South Africa, young people are choosing to use English instead of
traditional languages in higher education.
More than half of the world's population speak some of the most common
languages, and the number of speakers of world languages such as English, Spanish
and Chinese is increasing rapidly. Would we really miss most minority languages if
they died out completely The answer has got to be "yes"!
When a language disappears, we lose the culture and history of a people. We
also lose the knowledge of the people who speak the language. In a famous case
in northern Australia, doctors couldn't find a cure for a skin problem that the local
people developed. When they asked a native woman, she used her own language to
describe a plant which could cure the disease. There are many other examples of
why these disappearing languages are important.
Speakers of the Kallawaya language in Bolivia have got a wide vocabulary of
medicinal plants in their part of the rainforest which doctors in the modern world
have never heard of, and speakers of the Yupik language of Alaska have got about
100 words for ice, which shows that they've got a unique
understanding of their world. Our planet would lose that understanding if the
language disappeared.
But we don't have to lose as many languages as some people think. Using
modern technology can save minority languages, and we mustn't lose the culture,
history and knowledge that these languages contain.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了正在消失的语言，以及这些语言的消失给人类
带来的影响，并提出了保护这些语言的建议。
1.What is the main reason for the disappearance of languages nowadays ( )
D
A.Natural disasters. B.Continuous wars.
C.Extinction of a race. D.The process of globalization.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Throughout human history…nowadays the
major factor is globalization"可知，目前语言消失的主要原因是全球化。
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about ( )
B
A.A loss of understanding minority languages.
B.The importance of disappearing languages.
C.A description of a plant to cure a skin disease.
D.The knowledge of the culture and history of a race.
【解析】段落大意题。根据第三段中的"There are many other examples of why
these disappearing languages are important"可知，本段主要举例说明为什么这些正在
消失的语言很重要。
3.What is the author's attitude to saving disappearing languages ( )
C
A.Worried. B.Unconcerned. C.Positive. D.Doubtful.
【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段中的"Using modern technology can save
minority languages…these languages contain"可推知，作者认为我们不能失去这些语
言所包含的文化、历史和知识，因此作者对于拯救正在消失的语言是支持的，态度
是积极肯定的。
4.What is the text mainly talking about ( )
A
A.Disappearing languages. B.Increasing natural disasters.
C.Leading languages of the world. D.Working people's language choice.
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的"Do you know that every fourteen days one
of the world's about 7,000 languages dies out "并结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述
了正在消失的语言，以及这些语言的消失给人类带来的影响，并提出了保护这些语
言的建议。由此可知，A项"正在消失的语言"适合作文章标题。
记一记 词句积累
核心词汇 die out灭绝，消失 natural disasters自然灾害 globalization/ ?
l b la ze n/ n.全球化
native/ ne t v/ adj.土著的；本地的，当地的 n.本地人，当地人 cure/kj （r）/ n.疗
法，药物 vt.治愈，治好
extinction/ k st k n/n.灭绝，绝种 process/ pr ses/ n.过程 loss/l s/ n.丧失，损失
unconcerned/ nk n s :nd/ adj.不关心的；漠视的
派生词汇 medicine n.药→medicinal/m d s nl/adj.药用的
图解秒懂 Para.3
When they asked a native woman（When引导的时间状语从句）,主句she used her
own language to describe a plant which could cure the disease（which引导的限制
性定语从句）.
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