Unit 4 Friends forever 单元专项提升 课件 高中英语必修第一册外研版
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Friends forever 单元专项提升 课件 高中英语必修第一册外研版 |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.9MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-10-26 22:21:49 | ||
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UNIT 4 Friends forever
单元专项提升
高中英语必修第一册外研版
单元语法归纳
巧梳理·知识框图
挖教材·语法示例
用适当的关系代词完成下列教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征
1.Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people
_______________ we want to remain friends with.
2.The digital age also enables us to find people _________ share our interests, such
as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument.
who/whom/that
who/that
3.Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with
others _____ also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the
world.
who
4.On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates ___________
make them appear happy and friendly.
5.Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone _______ weekends need some excitement.
that/which
whose
细归纳 语法精讲
关系代词引导的定语从句
知识点1 定语从句的基本概述
定义 在复合句中用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一名词、代词，整个主句或 主句的一部分的从句叫定语从句，它所修饰的对象叫作先行词。 分类 限制性定语 从句 从句在意义上不可缺少，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完
整或失去意义，从句和主句不用逗号分开。
非限制性定 语从句 用来补充说明先行词， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整，
从句和主句往往用逗号隔开。
关系词 作用 ①连接主句和从句;②指代先行词;③在从句中充当句子成
分。
分类 关系代词：who、whom、whose、which、that、as
（本单元讲前五个词的用法）
关系副词：when、where、why
续表
知识点2 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词替代指人或物的先行词并在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系 代词 先行词 关系代词在定 语从句中充当 的句子成分 例句 注意
who 指人 主语或宾语 ____Here comes the girl who （who在从句中作主语） wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。 ____She wants to find the kid who （who在从句中作宾语 ）she met yesterday.她想找到昨天她遇见的那个 孩子。 作宾语时
一般可省
略
关系 代词 先行词 关系代词在定 语从句中充当 的句子成分 例句 注意
whom 指人 宾语 ____Rose is the person whom you should look after.罗丝是你应该照顾的 人。 可省略，
也可用
who代替
whose 指人或 物 定语 ____They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那个人的 车坏了，他们都冲过去帮忙。 /
续表
关系 代词 先行词 关系代词在定 语从句中充当 的句子成分 例句 注意
which 一般指 物 主语或宾语 ____China is a country which （which在从句中作主语） has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 ____The package which（which在从句中 作宾语） you are carrying is about to fall.你拿的包裹快掉了。 作宾语时
一般可省
略
续表
关系 代词 先行词 关系代词在定 语从句中充当 的句子成分 例句 注意
that 指人或 物 主语、宾语或 表语 ____The number of people that （that在从句中作主语） come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达 一百万。 ____The chair that（that在从句中作宾 语 ）you broke yesterday is now being repaired.你昨天弄坏的那把椅子 现在正在被修理。 作宾语时
一般可省
略，指人
时一般可
用who替
代，指物
时一般可
用which替
代
续表
敲黑板 特别提醒
关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从
句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
你昨天借我的那本书十分有趣。
［误］The book （that/which） you lent it to me yesterday is very interesting.
［正］The book （that/which） you lent to me yesterday is very interesting.
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)Instructors are passionate educators _________ are experts in their
fields and have undergone training and a background check.
who/that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词educators，指人，且
从句中缺少主语。故填关系代词who/that。
2.(全国Ⅱ卷)The games___________ my parents taught me when I was a child
turned out to be very useful later in my life.
which/that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The games,指物，且
定语从句中缺少宾语，根据语法填空的规则可知，应用关系代词which/that。
3.(北京高考)I live next door to a couple _______ children often make a lot of
noise.
whose
【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a couple,且空处在从句
中作定语,故用关系代词whose。
4.(2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants
___________ like to grow indoors.
which/that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词plants，指物，且定语
从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which/that。
5.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which
helps people recognize and take part in the activities ___________ are most
satisfying and meaningful to them.
which/that
【解析】句意：命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这种语言有助于人们
认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。分析句子结构可知，空处引
导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词activities，且该从句中缺少主语，故填which/that。
知识点3 关系代词的选择（that/which）
关系代词 情况 例句
宜用that不 用which 当先行词是all、 much、 anything、something、 everything、nothing、little、 none、few等不定代词时 She told me everything that she
knew.她把她所知道的一切都告诉了
我。
当先行词被序数词或形容词最 高级修饰时 This is the most exciting football
game that I have seen so far.这是我
目前看过的最激动人心的足球比赛。
关系代词 情况 例句
宜用that不 用which 当先行词被all、no、few、 any、little、some、much、 last、only、very等修饰时 I've read all the books that were
borrowed from others.我已经读了从
别人那儿借来的所有的书。
当先行词既有人又有物时 I can remember well the persons
and some pictures that I saw in the
room.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间
里所见到的人和一些照片。
续表
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(全国乙卷)She was grateful for everything _____ the medical and nursing team
had done for her.
that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词everything，故
定语从句要用that引导。
2.(江苏高考)You can be the one _____ directs the conversation to fun topics that
are ripe for others to add humor.
who
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词one,先行词指人，
且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who。
知识点4 定语从句中的主谓一致
一般情况下，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数一般
与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
The books that were sold out in two weeks were all written by Tom.两周内卖光
的那些书都是汤姆写的。
I'm fond of the piece of music which was played by Jenny.我喜欢珍妮弹的那首
曲子。
敲黑板 特别提醒
"one of+可数名词复数+定语从句"结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；
而"the only one of+可数名词复数+定语从句"结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
形式。
He is one of the players who are presented with the medal.他是被授予奖章的运
动员之一。
He is the only one of the players who is presented with the medal.他是唯一被授
予奖章的运动员。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
(全国Ⅱ卷)Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women
who_______ （wear） evening dress.
wears
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。当"the only one of +可数名词复数"为先行词时，定
语从句的谓语动词应该用单数形式。另外，由句子的时态及语境可知，这里要用一
般现在时，故填wears。
语法练 专项提升
Ⅰ 用适当的关系代词填空
1.(2024·湖南邵阳期末)In spring, local hills of those places are filled with tea
workers _________ work on their land.
2.The thought of going back home was all _____ kept him happy while he was
working abroad.
3.(2024·辽宁六校协作体联考)I'm glad to tell you that I won first prize yesterday in
the English speech contest _______ theme was "I love my hometown".
who/that
that
whose
4.(新高考Ⅰ卷)This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you
earned and respect those _____ did the work, he told me.
5.(重庆市第八中学校检测)They talked about the people and things_____ impressed
them most during the holiday.
6.I think that our combined talents will create a unique performance ___________
will impress the judges and the audience.
who
that
that/which
Ⅱ 用关系代词引导的定语从句合并下列句子
1.I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
_______________________________________________________
I have a friend that/who likes listening to classical music.
2.Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave her the dress.
_______________________________________________________
Last week Mary wore the dress that/which I gave to her.
3.The man in casual clothes is a famous writer. His books sell well.
_________________________________________________________________
The man in casual clothes is a famous writer whose books sell well.
4.She wants to visit the village. Her mother likes it best.
___________________________________________________________
She wants to visit the village that/which her mother likes best.
写作方法指导
如何做读后续写
1.题型特点
读后续写题型一般提供一篇350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容和
所给段落开头语续写一篇与给定材料相衔接、情节和结构完整的短文（150词左右）。
它具有如下特点：
（1）所给的材料多为记叙文，情节曲折且逻辑性比较强；
（2）要根据所给材料及段落开头语完成续写部分；
（3）续写部分的思路和内容并不是唯一的，考生可以根据自己对文章的理解作不同
的诠释。
2.解题方法
（1）解读已知文本：运用"5W+H"（Who、When、Where、What、Why以及How）
思维精读所给材料，把握主要人物的相互关系，梳理故事情节，明确文章的主旨大
意并关注材料的语言风格。
（2）分析所给续写首句：分析续写段落开头语，寻找原文内容与其之间的内在联系，
注意句中关键词。注意：续写第二段首句在一定程度上限制了第一段情节的发展，
因此在构思整体续写情节前，针对续写内容的发展走向应形成"两段式"思路。
（3）构建续写框架：在熟悉故事脉络、认真解读所给续写首句并进行思考后，考生
可基于文章主题站在作者的角度设计情节，搭建续写的故事框架，想象要合理，情
节要连贯。
（4）撰写续写内容：根据所构思的续写框架，在继承原作语言风格的基础之上，准
确、地道地表达。短文要包含对情景、态度和人物情感的描述等，运用高级词汇、
句式为续写增色，同时应适当使用关联词与过渡语，增强整句的表现力。
3.注意要点
（1）续写情节一般为故事的高潮，是原作者声音的延续，因此，要尽量符合原作者
的思路，并求得与读者的心理共鸣。
（2）设计的结局要尽量积极、健康，把事物美好的一面展现给读者。
常用表达
1.环境描写
a fresh breeze 一阵清风
be full of dark clouds 乌云密布
rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
fierce/heavy/violent storms 狂风暴雨
All the summer world was bright and fresh, and filled with life.整个夏天的世界明
亮而清新，充满了生机。
There were trees， flowers and green grass in the beautiful village, and the air was
so sweet.在这个美丽的村庄里有树、花和绿草，空气是如此清新。
The rain came pouring down, beating on the roof.雨倾盆而下，击打着屋顶。
2.情感描写
burst into laughter 突然大笑起来
brighten up one's day 使某人开心一整天
be filled with anger 满腔怒火
one's eyes shine with anger 眼睛里闪出怒火
have a worried look 愁眉苦脸
nervousness fills one's heart 某人心里非常紧张
A bright smile appeared on/spread across/crossed his face.他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。
With surprise and happiness, I felt tears welling up in my eyes.我既惊又喜，热泪
盈眶。
He gave me a look of burning anger.他愤怒地看了我一眼。
3.动作描写
hold tightly 紧紧拥抱 raise one's hand 举手
wave one's arms 挥舞双臂 cross one's arms 双臂交叉
speak in a serious voice 严肃地说
with one's mouth wide open大张着嘴
He gave her an encouraging pat on the shoulder.他轻拍她的肩膀以示鼓励。
She didn't say a word, but held my hand tightly with a slight smile.她一句话也没
说，只是紧紧地握着我的手，淡淡一笑。
She looked her father in the eye and answered his question truthfully.她直视着父亲，
诚实地回答了他的问题。
巧运用 典例详析
读后续写
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（新高考Ⅰ卷）The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the
economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of
their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each
other meet the challenges.
Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal
of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds
of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day
before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could
not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy—his name was Bernard—
had interested her very much.
"I wish you could see him," she said to her own children, John, Harry, and
Clara. "He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money,
but I don't see what he can do."
After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. "I
wish we could help him to earn money," said Clara. "His family is suffering so
much."
"So do I," said Harry. "We really should do something to assist them."
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and
cried, "I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish
（完成）."
The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it
was sure to be a good one. "I tell you what we can do," said John. "You know
that big box of corn Uncle John sent us Well, we can make popcorn（爆米花）,
and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell
it."
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one,
too.
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.
注意:
A 语篇梳理
B 教你审题
本文讲述的是三个孩子在妈妈告诉他们一个贫困家庭的故事后，想出一个绝妙
的主意：制作爆米花让Bernard去卖，来帮助这个家庭摆脱困境。续写部分和前面的
文章要衔接得上，并且与原文情节发展和人物性格相一致，故事情节的延续发展要
合乎情理。
根据续写第一段首句可知，可以针对如何实现制作爆米花这个提议展开构思；
根据续写第二段首句可知，可以针对Bernard如何通过卖爆米花让家庭摆脱困境展开
构思。
续写的语言要尽可能与原文的语言保持风格上的一致。文章时态以一般过去时
为主。应使用自己熟悉的句型和短语进行写作，考生要注意尽可能使句子的表达形
式多样化，适当使用一些高级句式和高级词汇，以提高书面表达的档次和可读性。
作文要层次清晰，要点全面，表达流畅，切合题干要求，可适当补充信息，使篇章
结构连贯。
C 佳作展示
When Mrs.Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one,
too. So, they went to the local supermarket together. They bought a bag of corn
and some special bags for popcorn. When they got home, they made a lot of
popcorn and put it in the special bags. With the popcorn, they went to Bernard's
home. They told Bernard how to sell the popcorn. Bernard and his parents were
very grateful. And the Meredith family also felt very happy to help this family.
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. He took the
popcorn around to the houses and sold all his popcorn. He earned a lot of money.
Then, he wanted to be self-dependent. Therefore, he asked Mrs. Meredith to teach
him how to make popcorn. After that, not only did he sell popcorn, but he also
added cream and salt to the popcorn to make it taste better. Bernard grew up to be
a remarkable man. He did not forget the help of Meredith's family, and he also did
what he could to help those in need.
提能力 迁移训练
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的
短文。
I prided myself on being a good neighbor. My husband, Charles, and I knew
everyone who lived along our rural road. Walking along that road now, I thought
about how we all relied on each other. We picked up mail for people on vacation,
lent out tools, and watched each other's children. I had a friendly association（交往）
with each neighbor.
Except Kelly. It hadn't always been this way. At one time, Kelly and I had a
good relationship. Our children were close in age and often played together. Our
husbands were playmates. I never went by her house without waving or stopping to
chat if I saw her outside.
Not anymore. If Kelly was out in her yard when I walked or drove by, I
acted as if I hadn't seen her. It seemed that there were a big wall between us. At
first it was satisfying to let Kelly know what I thought of her. Today the sight of
her house just made me sad.
How did things go wrong It had all started with a cat, a stray cat（流浪猫）
who turned up in my driveway. That wasn't unusual. I already had two stray cats I
had adopted as well as a dog. But this cat was violent. He drove my own cats
away from their food bowls and hissed（发出嘶嘶声） at me when I tried to drive
him off.
Imagine my surprise a few days later when Kelly announced she was taking in
the cat. "I think he's sweet," she said.
I didn't even know that Kelly liked cats. She'd never had one before as far as
I knew. Living with Kelly didn't make the cat any friendlier. He constantly showed
up on our porch, stealing our cats' food and picking fights. "That cat's out of
control," I said to Kelly angrily over the phone one day. "I've had enough of it."
"He's always perfectly sweet with us!" Kelly said, getting defensive. "I had no
idea why you disliked him so much."
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
That was the first brick（砖） in the wall between us.
One day, when I was walking on that road again, I saw Kelly smiling at me.
【参考答案】
That was the first brick（砖） in the wall between us. On a sunny day, I
was bathed in the beautiful sunshine when suddenly the cat jumped on my
laps. He seemed to come out of nowhere so my hair almost stood on end.
Jumping down from my chair, I dropped the cat on the ground and ran after
him. While this was going on, Kelly was just standing on her balcony, looking
at me angrily. "That was how you treat my cat " she shouted. The brick
turned into a wall from then on.
One day, when I was walking on that road again, I saw Kelly smiling at
me. I smiled back, saying, "I was sorry for the cat the other day!" She
admitted the cat was not friendly sometimes and her husband had sent him to
the "Stray Cats Shelter". "Our relationship is not that easy to break, isn't
it " She looked at me in the eye. We burst into laughter immediately and
gone was the wall.
高考题型突破
真题在线 阅读理解七选五
（2023· 新课标Ⅱ卷）As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm
often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there
is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a
complete beginner. So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
● Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook （素描本） for small studies.
These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard （n. ［C］ 基础，
出发点）for more complex works in the future.
36. . You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've
come.
C
● Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to
put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lives, portraits , or
landscapes , paint from life as much as possible. 37. .
● Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38. . Artistic growth
can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we've all been there. I love taking on
challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month
and post the works online.
●39. .Seeking and accepting constructive feedback （反馈） is crucial to
growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn , have met some of the
G
A
D
kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of
artistic ability.
The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. 40. . Push through, give
it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
E
A.Get out of your comfort zone .
B.Make career plans and set goals.
C.Don't throw away your beginner art.
D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E.You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.
F.Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G.You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition .
本文是一篇说明文。作者是一个艺术家，在此以第一人称的口吻针对初学者开启艺
术之旅给出了一些技巧和建议。
36.___
C
【解析】空前一句提到这些小型习作可以提供灵感，可能是未来更复杂作品的跳板。
空后一句讲到了"You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've
come"，即你会想要回顾自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得了多大的进展，因此空
处应为承上启下的过渡句，既与开始阶段的"small studies"有关，又与将来"look
back on"的物件有关，而C项中的"your beginner art"最贴合语境，它可以帮助你看到
自己从开始到现在取得的进步，故选C项。且本段主题句中的"Start"也是提示，与C
项中的"beginner"属于同义复现。
37.___
G
【解析】空处位于本段的结尾，空前一句"Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or
landscapes, paint from life as much as possible"讲到了无论你是画静物画、肖像画
还是风景画，都要尽可能多地写生，空处应与这样做的目的或结果有关，而G项"你
将培养出只有通过重复（练习）才能得到的绘画肌肉记忆"正是指出了这样做的好处，
承接上文，符合语境，故选G项。
38.___
A
【解析】根据本段的主旨句"Continually challenge yourself to try something new"可
知，本段主要围绕"不断挑战自我去尝试新事物"展开，结合选项内容可推知，"Get
out of your comfort zone"就是"challenge yourself"的一种方式。A项中的"comfort"与
空前的"challenge"还存在反义关系。
39.___
D
【解析】结合本空的位置可知，本空考查段落主旨句。根据空后的"feedback（反馈）
"可知，空处应与"展示""分享""交流"有关，故可推断答案为D项。且后文中的"post
my work"与D项中的"Share your work"属于同义复现。
40.___
E
【解析】空前一句讲到了"The journey you're on won't follow a straight path"
（你的旅途不会一路平坦），而空后讲到了"Push through, give it time and put in
the effort"（坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力），这是面对困境时的做法，因此空处
应举例说明"won't follow a straight path"的情况，而E项中的"roadblocks"和
"discouraged"就是艺术之旅中的曲折之处，故可确定答案为E项。
词语摘抄
①put together汇集；组织
②look back on回首（往事）；回忆；回顾
③put in/into花费，耗费，投入（时间、心思等）
④still life n. ［C,U］静物画
⑤portrait / p :tre t/ n. ［C］肖像，半身照
⑥landscape / l ndske p/ n.［C,usually sing.］风景，景色
⑦constructive adj. 建设性的,有助益的,积极的
词链 construct（vt. 修建）→ construction（n.［U］ 建造）→constructive（adj.）
⑧be crucial to... 对……至关重要
crucial / kru: l/ adj.至关重要的
⑨in turn 相应地,转而；依次,轮流
⑩harvest / hɑ v st/ vt.获取，收获 n. ［C,U］收获
comfort zone n.［C,usually sing.］舒适区
hit roadblocks遇到障碍
hit vt.熟词生义遇到（困难）；经历（不愉快的事情）
Everything was going well but then we hit trouble. 原本一切都进行得很顺利，但
后来我们遇到了麻烦。
roadblock n.［C］障碍
discouraged /d s k r d d/ adj.灰心的，丧气的
redefine vt.重新定义
［思考］我们之前学过前缀re-的用法，你能说出该词缀的含义并列出三个由其构成
的单词吗？
repetition / rep t n/ n. ［U,C］重复，重做，重说
通方法 解题指导
如何通过核心词复现巧做阅读理解七选五
阅读理解七选五文章各段落的大意都围绕文章的中心思想展开，而每个段落也
通常是围绕一个主旨进行阐述的。阐述段落主旨时，经常会有核心词的复现，但这
并不是词语的简单重复，而是以原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、同源词、概括词
等多种形式出现。常见的复现情况有：
原词复现 同一个词重复出现
同义复现 以同义词的形式重复出现
近义复现 以近义词或近义表达（意思相近，表达方式不同）的形式重复出现
同根复现 以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现
上义词与 下 义词 的复现 作为某个词语的上义词或下义词重复出现（上义词和下义词在语义上是
包含和被包含的关系，如adult是teacher、parent的上义词，而teacher、
parent就是adult的下义词）
核心词复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段，而阅读理解七选五正是考查语篇衔接，
因此，利用核心词复现做阅读理解七选五十分有用。如：
（新课标全国卷Ⅰ）39 If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your
circumstance. But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a
"victim mentality".
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E.They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.
F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.
解析：空处是段落主题句。空后句三次出现victim一词,结合选项内容可判断,七
个选项中只有C项中有victim,为原词复现，故可优先考虑。将C项"不要把自己当作受
害者"代入空处，其与下文衔接紧密，故选C项。本段结构：总（总领）—分
（细说）。
值得注意的是，有的题利用核心词复现解题十分有用，但这并不意味着凡与上
句或下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是正确的可能性更大，在解题过程
中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案，还得将含复现词的选项代入原文，
看该选项与上下文是否真的衔接，只有上下文衔接紧密的才是正确选项。如：
（新课标全国卷Ⅰ）38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better
choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
解析：空处是段落主题句。不要因为B项与空后句中都有confidence，原词复现
就选B，也不要因为C项与空后句中都有yourself，原词复现就选C。A项中的trust
yourself与空后的Having confidence in yourself（信任你自己）是近义复现，所以该
选项要重点考虑;将A项代入原文，此处意为"学会真正地信任你自己。信任你自己有
助于你做出更好的选择……"，上下文语义衔接紧密，故选A。
因此，掌握段落主旨，锁定段落核心词对于确定阅读理解七选五答案很有帮助。
如2023年新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解七选五中的第36题，C项中的beginner与该段主题句中
的Start属于同义复现；第39题，D项中的"Share your work"对应后文中的"post my
work"，也属于同义复现。
新课标 核心素养链接
高考的阅读理解七选五主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关
系的分析能力。其对核心词复现的考查，有助于加强对考生思维品质的训练，帮助
考生提升总结和概括的能力。
提能力 迁移训练
阅读理解七选五
(全国Ⅱ卷)If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed!
With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.1. .
Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
●Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready
to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.2. .
●Your metabolism（新陈代谢） gets a head start.3. . If you work out in the
mornings, then you will be getting the calorie（卡路里） burning benefits for the
whole day, not in your sleep.
G
E
F
●4. . Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better
than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more
difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
●5. . If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more
likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin
their good workout by eating junk food You will want to continue to focus on
positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set
your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel
energized all day long.
B
A
A.You will stick to your diet.
B.Your quality of sleep improves.
C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you're doing it now, then listen
up!
本文是一篇说明文。文章从工作效率、新陈代谢、睡眠质量和饮食习惯四个方面介
绍了晨练给人们带来的好处。
1.___
G
【解析】根据空后的"Working out in the morning provides additional benefits...fit"及
下文可知，下文是在讲晨练的好处，所以G项"你如果计划定期锻炼，或者你现在正
在锻炼，那就注意听！"符合语境。
2.___
E
【解析】根据空前两句"Your productivity is improved...the day "可知，E项"运动后
你可以保持头脑清醒4—10个小时"承接上文。空前一句中的"more awake"与E项中的
"clear"属于同义复现。
3.___
F
【解析】此空后的"getting...the whole day"与F项中的"burn calories throughout the
day"相照应,F项"在你运动之后，你一整天都在消耗卡路里"符合语境。
4.___
B
【解析】结合空处位置可知，此空是本段的中心句。根据本段内容可知，本段主要
讲了晨练对睡眠的益处，所以B项"你的睡眠质量提高了"符合语境。空后一句中的
"slept better"与B项中的"improves"属于同义复现。
5.___
A
【解析】本段中的"healthy food"和"junk food"是A项中"diet"的下义词，故A项"你会
坚持你的饮食（习惯）"可以概括本段内容。
微专题 新题型专练
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Voice of Rigo
Rigo had a loud voice. People were always telling Rigo to be quiet. His
mother would tell him to use his quiet voice inside the house because the baby
was asleep. His father would ask him to speak quietly in the car so that he could
concentrate on his driving. His teacher would tell him to talk quietly so he would
not bother（打扰） others who were studying.
Not only did he have a loud voice, but Rigo liked to talk a lot. Whenever he
had time, he would talk with his classmates, sharing everything he considered fun.
He liked to yell and shout. Sometimes he just yelled "Hey!" for no reason. He
liked the sound of his very loud voice for he thought it had more penetrating
（有穿透力的） power than that of an actor. But not everyone felt the same way.
When Rigo shouted goodbye as he left for school, his mother shook her head,
saying "Rigo! Be quiet!" When his father drove him to school, Rigo said, "Hey!
There's Chris!" He pointed at his friend, who was walking to school. His father
shook his head, saying "Rigo, use a quiet voice in the car." At school, his teacher
talked to him three times about using his quiet voice. His classmates shook their
heads, throwing him an angry look when he talked aloud.
Later, Rigo had to sit by himself for a while. His teacher wanted him to
practice being quiet. Rigo had to sit quietly for five minutes. It felt like five hours
or five days. When the five minutes was up, Rigo went to his desk and sat quietly.
It was not easy.
After school, Rigo was waiting for his father at the roadside when he saw
Chris again."Hey!" he yelled."Chris! Hey!" The headmaster was just walking by.
Rigo was sure he was going to get in trouble for his loud voice. He looked
quickly down at the ground, hoping the headmaster would keep walking.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
The headmaster stopped and looked at Rigo.
He said goodbye to the headmaster and ran to get in his father's car
cheerfully.
故事 梗概 本文以人物为线索展开。无论是在家里、上学路上还是在学校里，Rigo都嗓
门儿很大，还很喜欢说话。他的父母反复告诫他要小声说话，老师还让他练
习安静，但都收效甚微。一天放学后，他在路边又大声喊了同学，而此时校
长正好走过，Rigo以为自己惹上麻烦了……
情节线 情感线
结构 Paras. 1-4: Rigo had a very loud voice that bothered others very much. His parents and teacher repeatedly asked him to use his quiet voice. Having a loud voice,
Rigo...
（confident，
proud）
→Being asked to
practice being
quiet，Rigo...
（feeling pain，
hard）
His classmates were angry when he talked aloud. The teacher even asked Rigo to sit by himself for a while to practice being quiet. Para. 5: Rigo might get into trouble. Rigo was yelling to his friend Chris when the headmaster walked by. 续表
续写 方向 Para.1 The headmaster stopped and looked at Rigo.（段首句） →Yelling in front of
the headmaster，
Rigo... （nervous,
afraid）
Seeing the
headmaster stopped
and looked at him,
Rigo...
（uneasy confused
or...）
Telling his father
what the headmaster
said，Rigo...
（proud confident
or…）
→预测情节，问题引领： ①What did the headmaster say to Rigo？ ②What was Rigo's reaction？ ③Why was Rigo cheerful Para.2 He said goodbye to the headmaster and ran to get in his father's car cheerfully.（段首句） →预测情节，问题引领： ①What did Rigo say to his father ②What was his father's reaction ③Did Rigo manage to learn to be quiet 续表
【佳作展示】
The headmaster stopped and looked at Rigo.He waited until Rigo raised his
head. Confusingly, it seemed as if the headmaster had found a great treasure.
Rigo twisted his fingers uneasily."Do you like acting？" asked the
headmaster."I've never seen an actor who speaks louder than you. You're sure
to become an extraordinary actor." "Me An extraordinary actor？" Rigo
couldn't believe his ears."Yes, you，" the headmaster said."A good actor must
be able to speak aloud on the stage to make himself heard by every one of
his audience. You can do that！" At that moment, Rigo saw his father."By the
way, a good actor knows he should use his quiet voice off the stage," added
the headmaster.
He said goodbye to the headmaster and ran to get in his father's car
cheerfully. "Dad, the headmaster said I was going to become an extraordinary
actor！" he yelled proudly. The next second, he seemed to remember what the
headmaster had told him, and lowered his voice, "Yes, I know when to speak
in a loud voice." His father was surprised at his change. Rigo then told him
what happened just now and promised he would practice speaking quietly.
Pleased, his father smiled, "Yes, you're to become an extraordinary actor, for
yourself, and for the headmaster."
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
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UNIT 4 Friends forever
单元专项提升
高中英语必修第一册外研版
单元语法归纳
巧梳理·知识框图
挖教材·语法示例
用适当的关系代词完成下列教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征
1.Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people
_______________ we want to remain friends with.
2.The digital age also enables us to find people _________ share our interests, such
as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument.
who/whom/that
who/that
3.Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with
others _____ also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the
world.
who
4.On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates ___________
make them appear happy and friendly.
5.Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone _______ weekends need some excitement.
that/which
whose
细归纳 语法精讲
关系代词引导的定语从句
知识点1 定语从句的基本概述
定义 在复合句中用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一名词、代词，整个主句或 主句的一部分的从句叫定语从句，它所修饰的对象叫作先行词。 分类 限制性定语 从句 从句在意义上不可缺少，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完
整或失去意义，从句和主句不用逗号分开。
非限制性定 语从句 用来补充说明先行词， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整，
从句和主句往往用逗号隔开。
关系词 作用 ①连接主句和从句;②指代先行词;③在从句中充当句子成
分。
分类 关系代词：who、whom、whose、which、that、as
（本单元讲前五个词的用法）
关系副词：when、where、why
续表
知识点2 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词替代指人或物的先行词并在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系 代词 先行词 关系代词在定 语从句中充当 的句子成分 例句 注意
who 指人 主语或宾语 ____Here comes the girl who （who在从句中作主语） wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。 ____She wants to find the kid who （who在从句中作宾语 ）she met yesterday.她想找到昨天她遇见的那个 孩子。 作宾语时
一般可省
略
关系 代词 先行词 关系代词在定 语从句中充当 的句子成分 例句 注意
whom 指人 宾语 ____Rose is the person whom you should look after.罗丝是你应该照顾的 人。 可省略，
也可用
who代替
whose 指人或 物 定语 ____They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那个人的 车坏了，他们都冲过去帮忙。 /
续表
关系 代词 先行词 关系代词在定 语从句中充当 的句子成分 例句 注意
which 一般指 物 主语或宾语 ____China is a country which （which在从句中作主语） has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 ____The package which（which在从句中 作宾语） you are carrying is about to fall.你拿的包裹快掉了。 作宾语时
一般可省
略
续表
关系 代词 先行词 关系代词在定 语从句中充当 的句子成分 例句 注意
that 指人或 物 主语、宾语或 表语 ____The number of people that （that在从句中作主语） come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达 一百万。 ____The chair that（that在从句中作宾 语 ）you broke yesterday is now being repaired.你昨天弄坏的那把椅子 现在正在被修理。 作宾语时
一般可省
略，指人
时一般可
用who替
代，指物
时一般可
用which替
代
续表
敲黑板 特别提醒
关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从
句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
你昨天借我的那本书十分有趣。
［误］The book （that/which） you lent it to me yesterday is very interesting.
［正］The book （that/which） you lent to me yesterday is very interesting.
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)Instructors are passionate educators _________ are experts in their
fields and have undergone training and a background check.
who/that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词educators，指人，且
从句中缺少主语。故填关系代词who/that。
2.(全国Ⅱ卷)The games___________ my parents taught me when I was a child
turned out to be very useful later in my life.
which/that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The games,指物，且
定语从句中缺少宾语，根据语法填空的规则可知，应用关系代词which/that。
3.(北京高考)I live next door to a couple _______ children often make a lot of
noise.
whose
【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a couple,且空处在从句
中作定语,故用关系代词whose。
4.(2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants
___________ like to grow indoors.
which/that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词plants，指物，且定语
从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which/that。
5.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which
helps people recognize and take part in the activities ___________ are most
satisfying and meaningful to them.
which/that
【解析】句意：命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这种语言有助于人们
认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。分析句子结构可知，空处引
导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词activities，且该从句中缺少主语，故填which/that。
知识点3 关系代词的选择（that/which）
关系代词 情况 例句
宜用that不 用which 当先行词是all、 much、 anything、something、 everything、nothing、little、 none、few等不定代词时 She told me everything that she
knew.她把她所知道的一切都告诉了
我。
当先行词被序数词或形容词最 高级修饰时 This is the most exciting football
game that I have seen so far.这是我
目前看过的最激动人心的足球比赛。
关系代词 情况 例句
宜用that不 用which 当先行词被all、no、few、 any、little、some、much、 last、only、very等修饰时 I've read all the books that were
borrowed from others.我已经读了从
别人那儿借来的所有的书。
当先行词既有人又有物时 I can remember well the persons
and some pictures that I saw in the
room.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间
里所见到的人和一些照片。
续表
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
1.(全国乙卷)She was grateful for everything _____ the medical and nursing team
had done for her.
that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词everything，故
定语从句要用that引导。
2.(江苏高考)You can be the one _____ directs the conversation to fun topics that
are ripe for others to add humor.
who
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词one,先行词指人，
且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who。
知识点4 定语从句中的主谓一致
一般情况下，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数一般
与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
The books that were sold out in two weeks were all written by Tom.两周内卖光
的那些书都是汤姆写的。
I'm fond of the piece of music which was played by Jenny.我喜欢珍妮弹的那首
曲子。
敲黑板 特别提醒
"one of+可数名词复数+定语从句"结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；
而"the only one of+可数名词复数+定语从句"结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
形式。
He is one of the players who are presented with the medal.他是被授予奖章的运
动员之一。
He is the only one of the players who is presented with the medal.他是唯一被授
予奖章的运动员。
链高考 真题精练
语法填空
(全国Ⅱ卷)Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women
who_______ （wear） evening dress.
wears
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。当"the only one of +可数名词复数"为先行词时，定
语从句的谓语动词应该用单数形式。另外，由句子的时态及语境可知，这里要用一
般现在时，故填wears。
语法练 专项提升
Ⅰ 用适当的关系代词填空
1.(2024·湖南邵阳期末)In spring, local hills of those places are filled with tea
workers _________ work on their land.
2.The thought of going back home was all _____ kept him happy while he was
working abroad.
3.(2024·辽宁六校协作体联考)I'm glad to tell you that I won first prize yesterday in
the English speech contest _______ theme was "I love my hometown".
who/that
that
whose
4.(新高考Ⅰ卷)This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you
earned and respect those _____ did the work, he told me.
5.(重庆市第八中学校检测)They talked about the people and things_____ impressed
them most during the holiday.
6.I think that our combined talents will create a unique performance ___________
will impress the judges and the audience.
who
that
that/which
Ⅱ 用关系代词引导的定语从句合并下列句子
1.I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
_______________________________________________________
I have a friend that/who likes listening to classical music.
2.Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave her the dress.
_______________________________________________________
Last week Mary wore the dress that/which I gave to her.
3.The man in casual clothes is a famous writer. His books sell well.
_________________________________________________________________
The man in casual clothes is a famous writer whose books sell well.
4.She wants to visit the village. Her mother likes it best.
___________________________________________________________
She wants to visit the village that/which her mother likes best.
写作方法指导
如何做读后续写
1.题型特点
读后续写题型一般提供一篇350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容和
所给段落开头语续写一篇与给定材料相衔接、情节和结构完整的短文（150词左右）。
它具有如下特点：
（1）所给的材料多为记叙文，情节曲折且逻辑性比较强；
（2）要根据所给材料及段落开头语完成续写部分；
（3）续写部分的思路和内容并不是唯一的，考生可以根据自己对文章的理解作不同
的诠释。
2.解题方法
（1）解读已知文本：运用"5W+H"（Who、When、Where、What、Why以及How）
思维精读所给材料，把握主要人物的相互关系，梳理故事情节，明确文章的主旨大
意并关注材料的语言风格。
（2）分析所给续写首句：分析续写段落开头语，寻找原文内容与其之间的内在联系，
注意句中关键词。注意：续写第二段首句在一定程度上限制了第一段情节的发展，
因此在构思整体续写情节前，针对续写内容的发展走向应形成"两段式"思路。
（3）构建续写框架：在熟悉故事脉络、认真解读所给续写首句并进行思考后，考生
可基于文章主题站在作者的角度设计情节，搭建续写的故事框架，想象要合理，情
节要连贯。
（4）撰写续写内容：根据所构思的续写框架，在继承原作语言风格的基础之上，准
确、地道地表达。短文要包含对情景、态度和人物情感的描述等，运用高级词汇、
句式为续写增色，同时应适当使用关联词与过渡语，增强整句的表现力。
3.注意要点
（1）续写情节一般为故事的高潮，是原作者声音的延续，因此，要尽量符合原作者
的思路，并求得与读者的心理共鸣。
（2）设计的结局要尽量积极、健康，把事物美好的一面展现给读者。
常用表达
1.环境描写
a fresh breeze 一阵清风
be full of dark clouds 乌云密布
rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
fierce/heavy/violent storms 狂风暴雨
All the summer world was bright and fresh, and filled with life.整个夏天的世界明
亮而清新，充满了生机。
There were trees， flowers and green grass in the beautiful village, and the air was
so sweet.在这个美丽的村庄里有树、花和绿草，空气是如此清新。
The rain came pouring down, beating on the roof.雨倾盆而下，击打着屋顶。
2.情感描写
burst into laughter 突然大笑起来
brighten up one's day 使某人开心一整天
be filled with anger 满腔怒火
one's eyes shine with anger 眼睛里闪出怒火
have a worried look 愁眉苦脸
nervousness fills one's heart 某人心里非常紧张
A bright smile appeared on/spread across/crossed his face.他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。
With surprise and happiness, I felt tears welling up in my eyes.我既惊又喜，热泪
盈眶。
He gave me a look of burning anger.他愤怒地看了我一眼。
3.动作描写
hold tightly 紧紧拥抱 raise one's hand 举手
wave one's arms 挥舞双臂 cross one's arms 双臂交叉
speak in a serious voice 严肃地说
with one's mouth wide open大张着嘴
He gave her an encouraging pat on the shoulder.他轻拍她的肩膀以示鼓励。
She didn't say a word, but held my hand tightly with a slight smile.她一句话也没
说，只是紧紧地握着我的手，淡淡一笑。
She looked her father in the eye and answered his question truthfully.她直视着父亲，
诚实地回答了他的问题。
巧运用 典例详析
读后续写
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（新高考Ⅰ卷）The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the
economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of
their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each
other meet the challenges.
Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal
of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds
of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day
before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could
not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy—his name was Bernard—
had interested her very much.
"I wish you could see him," she said to her own children, John, Harry, and
Clara. "He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money,
but I don't see what he can do."
After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. "I
wish we could help him to earn money," said Clara. "His family is suffering so
much."
"So do I," said Harry. "We really should do something to assist them."
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and
cried, "I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish
（完成）."
The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it
was sure to be a good one. "I tell you what we can do," said John. "You know
that big box of corn Uncle John sent us Well, we can make popcorn（爆米花）,
and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell
it."
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one,
too.
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.
注意:
A 语篇梳理
B 教你审题
本文讲述的是三个孩子在妈妈告诉他们一个贫困家庭的故事后，想出一个绝妙
的主意：制作爆米花让Bernard去卖，来帮助这个家庭摆脱困境。续写部分和前面的
文章要衔接得上，并且与原文情节发展和人物性格相一致，故事情节的延续发展要
合乎情理。
根据续写第一段首句可知，可以针对如何实现制作爆米花这个提议展开构思；
根据续写第二段首句可知，可以针对Bernard如何通过卖爆米花让家庭摆脱困境展开
构思。
续写的语言要尽可能与原文的语言保持风格上的一致。文章时态以一般过去时
为主。应使用自己熟悉的句型和短语进行写作，考生要注意尽可能使句子的表达形
式多样化，适当使用一些高级句式和高级词汇，以提高书面表达的档次和可读性。
作文要层次清晰，要点全面，表达流畅，切合题干要求，可适当补充信息，使篇章
结构连贯。
C 佳作展示
When Mrs.Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one,
too. So, they went to the local supermarket together. They bought a bag of corn
and some special bags for popcorn. When they got home, they made a lot of
popcorn and put it in the special bags. With the popcorn, they went to Bernard's
home. They told Bernard how to sell the popcorn. Bernard and his parents were
very grateful. And the Meredith family also felt very happy to help this family.
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. He took the
popcorn around to the houses and sold all his popcorn. He earned a lot of money.
Then, he wanted to be self-dependent. Therefore, he asked Mrs. Meredith to teach
him how to make popcorn. After that, not only did he sell popcorn, but he also
added cream and salt to the popcorn to make it taste better. Bernard grew up to be
a remarkable man. He did not forget the help of Meredith's family, and he also did
what he could to help those in need.
提能力 迁移训练
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的
短文。
I prided myself on being a good neighbor. My husband, Charles, and I knew
everyone who lived along our rural road. Walking along that road now, I thought
about how we all relied on each other. We picked up mail for people on vacation,
lent out tools, and watched each other's children. I had a friendly association（交往）
with each neighbor.
Except Kelly. It hadn't always been this way. At one time, Kelly and I had a
good relationship. Our children were close in age and often played together. Our
husbands were playmates. I never went by her house without waving or stopping to
chat if I saw her outside.
Not anymore. If Kelly was out in her yard when I walked or drove by, I
acted as if I hadn't seen her. It seemed that there were a big wall between us. At
first it was satisfying to let Kelly know what I thought of her. Today the sight of
her house just made me sad.
How did things go wrong It had all started with a cat, a stray cat（流浪猫）
who turned up in my driveway. That wasn't unusual. I already had two stray cats I
had adopted as well as a dog. But this cat was violent. He drove my own cats
away from their food bowls and hissed（发出嘶嘶声） at me when I tried to drive
him off.
Imagine my surprise a few days later when Kelly announced she was taking in
the cat. "I think he's sweet," she said.
I didn't even know that Kelly liked cats. She'd never had one before as far as
I knew. Living with Kelly didn't make the cat any friendlier. He constantly showed
up on our porch, stealing our cats' food and picking fights. "That cat's out of
control," I said to Kelly angrily over the phone one day. "I've had enough of it."
"He's always perfectly sweet with us!" Kelly said, getting defensive. "I had no
idea why you disliked him so much."
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
That was the first brick（砖） in the wall between us.
One day, when I was walking on that road again, I saw Kelly smiling at me.
【参考答案】
That was the first brick（砖） in the wall between us. On a sunny day, I
was bathed in the beautiful sunshine when suddenly the cat jumped on my
laps. He seemed to come out of nowhere so my hair almost stood on end.
Jumping down from my chair, I dropped the cat on the ground and ran after
him. While this was going on, Kelly was just standing on her balcony, looking
at me angrily. "That was how you treat my cat " she shouted. The brick
turned into a wall from then on.
One day, when I was walking on that road again, I saw Kelly smiling at
me. I smiled back, saying, "I was sorry for the cat the other day!" She
admitted the cat was not friendly sometimes and her husband had sent him to
the "Stray Cats Shelter". "Our relationship is not that easy to break, isn't
it " She looked at me in the eye. We burst into laughter immediately and
gone was the wall.
高考题型突破
真题在线 阅读理解七选五
（2023· 新课标Ⅱ卷）As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm
often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there
is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a
complete beginner. So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
● Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook （素描本） for small studies.
These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard （n. ［C］ 基础，
出发点）for more complex works in the future.
36. . You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've
come.
C
● Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to
put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lives, portraits , or
landscapes , paint from life as much as possible. 37. .
● Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38. . Artistic growth
can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we've all been there. I love taking on
challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month
and post the works online.
●39. .Seeking and accepting constructive feedback （反馈） is crucial to
growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn , have met some of the
G
A
D
kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of
artistic ability.
The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. 40. . Push through, give
it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
E
A.Get out of your comfort zone .
B.Make career plans and set goals.
C.Don't throw away your beginner art.
D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E.You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.
F.Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G.You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition .
本文是一篇说明文。作者是一个艺术家，在此以第一人称的口吻针对初学者开启艺
术之旅给出了一些技巧和建议。
36.___
C
【解析】空前一句提到这些小型习作可以提供灵感，可能是未来更复杂作品的跳板。
空后一句讲到了"You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've
come"，即你会想要回顾自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得了多大的进展，因此空
处应为承上启下的过渡句，既与开始阶段的"small studies"有关，又与将来"look
back on"的物件有关，而C项中的"your beginner art"最贴合语境，它可以帮助你看到
自己从开始到现在取得的进步，故选C项。且本段主题句中的"Start"也是提示，与C
项中的"beginner"属于同义复现。
37.___
G
【解析】空处位于本段的结尾，空前一句"Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or
landscapes, paint from life as much as possible"讲到了无论你是画静物画、肖像画
还是风景画，都要尽可能多地写生，空处应与这样做的目的或结果有关，而G项"你
将培养出只有通过重复（练习）才能得到的绘画肌肉记忆"正是指出了这样做的好处，
承接上文，符合语境，故选G项。
38.___
A
【解析】根据本段的主旨句"Continually challenge yourself to try something new"可
知，本段主要围绕"不断挑战自我去尝试新事物"展开，结合选项内容可推知，"Get
out of your comfort zone"就是"challenge yourself"的一种方式。A项中的"comfort"与
空前的"challenge"还存在反义关系。
39.___
D
【解析】结合本空的位置可知，本空考查段落主旨句。根据空后的"feedback（反馈）
"可知，空处应与"展示""分享""交流"有关，故可推断答案为D项。且后文中的"post
my work"与D项中的"Share your work"属于同义复现。
40.___
E
【解析】空前一句讲到了"The journey you're on won't follow a straight path"
（你的旅途不会一路平坦），而空后讲到了"Push through, give it time and put in
the effort"（坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力），这是面对困境时的做法，因此空处
应举例说明"won't follow a straight path"的情况，而E项中的"roadblocks"和
"discouraged"就是艺术之旅中的曲折之处，故可确定答案为E项。
词语摘抄
①put together汇集；组织
②look back on回首（往事）；回忆；回顾
③put in/into花费，耗费，投入（时间、心思等）
④still life n. ［C,U］静物画
⑤portrait / p :tre t/ n. ［C］肖像，半身照
⑥landscape / l ndske p/ n.［C,usually sing.］风景，景色
⑦constructive adj. 建设性的,有助益的,积极的
词链 construct（vt. 修建）→ construction（n.［U］ 建造）→constructive（adj.）
⑧be crucial to... 对……至关重要
crucial / kru: l/ adj.至关重要的
⑨in turn 相应地,转而；依次,轮流
⑩harvest / hɑ v st/ vt.获取，收获 n. ［C,U］收获
comfort zone n.［C,usually sing.］舒适区
hit roadblocks遇到障碍
hit vt.熟词生义遇到（困难）；经历（不愉快的事情）
Everything was going well but then we hit trouble. 原本一切都进行得很顺利，但
后来我们遇到了麻烦。
roadblock n.［C］障碍
discouraged /d s k r d d/ adj.灰心的，丧气的
redefine vt.重新定义
［思考］我们之前学过前缀re-的用法，你能说出该词缀的含义并列出三个由其构成
的单词吗？
repetition / rep t n/ n. ［U,C］重复，重做，重说
通方法 解题指导
如何通过核心词复现巧做阅读理解七选五
阅读理解七选五文章各段落的大意都围绕文章的中心思想展开，而每个段落也
通常是围绕一个主旨进行阐述的。阐述段落主旨时，经常会有核心词的复现，但这
并不是词语的简单重复，而是以原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、同源词、概括词
等多种形式出现。常见的复现情况有：
原词复现 同一个词重复出现
同义复现 以同义词的形式重复出现
近义复现 以近义词或近义表达（意思相近，表达方式不同）的形式重复出现
同根复现 以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现
上义词与 下 义词 的复现 作为某个词语的上义词或下义词重复出现（上义词和下义词在语义上是
包含和被包含的关系，如adult是teacher、parent的上义词，而teacher、
parent就是adult的下义词）
核心词复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段，而阅读理解七选五正是考查语篇衔接，
因此，利用核心词复现做阅读理解七选五十分有用。如：
（新课标全国卷Ⅰ）39 If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your
circumstance. But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a
"victim mentality".
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E.They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.
F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.
解析：空处是段落主题句。空后句三次出现victim一词,结合选项内容可判断,七
个选项中只有C项中有victim,为原词复现，故可优先考虑。将C项"不要把自己当作受
害者"代入空处，其与下文衔接紧密，故选C项。本段结构：总（总领）—分
（细说）。
值得注意的是，有的题利用核心词复现解题十分有用，但这并不意味着凡与上
句或下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是正确的可能性更大，在解题过程
中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案，还得将含复现词的选项代入原文，
看该选项与上下文是否真的衔接，只有上下文衔接紧密的才是正确选项。如：
（新课标全国卷Ⅰ）38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better
choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
解析：空处是段落主题句。不要因为B项与空后句中都有confidence，原词复现
就选B，也不要因为C项与空后句中都有yourself，原词复现就选C。A项中的trust
yourself与空后的Having confidence in yourself（信任你自己）是近义复现，所以该
选项要重点考虑;将A项代入原文，此处意为"学会真正地信任你自己。信任你自己有
助于你做出更好的选择……"，上下文语义衔接紧密，故选A。
因此，掌握段落主旨，锁定段落核心词对于确定阅读理解七选五答案很有帮助。
如2023年新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解七选五中的第36题，C项中的beginner与该段主题句中
的Start属于同义复现；第39题，D项中的"Share your work"对应后文中的"post my
work"，也属于同义复现。
新课标 核心素养链接
高考的阅读理解七选五主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关
系的分析能力。其对核心词复现的考查，有助于加强对考生思维品质的训练，帮助
考生提升总结和概括的能力。
提能力 迁移训练
阅读理解七选五
(全国Ⅱ卷)If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed!
With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.1. .
Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
●Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready
to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.2. .
●Your metabolism（新陈代谢） gets a head start.3. . If you work out in the
mornings, then you will be getting the calorie（卡路里） burning benefits for the
whole day, not in your sleep.
G
E
F
●4. . Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better
than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more
difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
●5. . If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more
likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin
their good workout by eating junk food You will want to continue to focus on
positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set
your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel
energized all day long.
B
A
A.You will stick to your diet.
B.Your quality of sleep improves.
C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you're doing it now, then listen
up!
本文是一篇说明文。文章从工作效率、新陈代谢、睡眠质量和饮食习惯四个方面介
绍了晨练给人们带来的好处。
1.___
G
【解析】根据空后的"Working out in the morning provides additional benefits...fit"及
下文可知，下文是在讲晨练的好处，所以G项"你如果计划定期锻炼，或者你现在正
在锻炼，那就注意听！"符合语境。
2.___
E
【解析】根据空前两句"Your productivity is improved...the day "可知，E项"运动后
你可以保持头脑清醒4—10个小时"承接上文。空前一句中的"more awake"与E项中的
"clear"属于同义复现。
3.___
F
【解析】此空后的"getting...the whole day"与F项中的"burn calories throughout the
day"相照应,F项"在你运动之后，你一整天都在消耗卡路里"符合语境。
4.___
B
【解析】结合空处位置可知，此空是本段的中心句。根据本段内容可知，本段主要
讲了晨练对睡眠的益处，所以B项"你的睡眠质量提高了"符合语境。空后一句中的
"slept better"与B项中的"improves"属于同义复现。
5.___
A
【解析】本段中的"healthy food"和"junk food"是A项中"diet"的下义词，故A项"你会
坚持你的饮食（习惯）"可以概括本段内容。
微专题 新题型专练
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Voice of Rigo
Rigo had a loud voice. People were always telling Rigo to be quiet. His
mother would tell him to use his quiet voice inside the house because the baby
was asleep. His father would ask him to speak quietly in the car so that he could
concentrate on his driving. His teacher would tell him to talk quietly so he would
not bother（打扰） others who were studying.
Not only did he have a loud voice, but Rigo liked to talk a lot. Whenever he
had time, he would talk with his classmates, sharing everything he considered fun.
He liked to yell and shout. Sometimes he just yelled "Hey!" for no reason. He
liked the sound of his very loud voice for he thought it had more penetrating
（有穿透力的） power than that of an actor. But not everyone felt the same way.
When Rigo shouted goodbye as he left for school, his mother shook her head,
saying "Rigo! Be quiet!" When his father drove him to school, Rigo said, "Hey!
There's Chris!" He pointed at his friend, who was walking to school. His father
shook his head, saying "Rigo, use a quiet voice in the car." At school, his teacher
talked to him three times about using his quiet voice. His classmates shook their
heads, throwing him an angry look when he talked aloud.
Later, Rigo had to sit by himself for a while. His teacher wanted him to
practice being quiet. Rigo had to sit quietly for five minutes. It felt like five hours
or five days. When the five minutes was up, Rigo went to his desk and sat quietly.
It was not easy.
After school, Rigo was waiting for his father at the roadside when he saw
Chris again."Hey!" he yelled."Chris! Hey!" The headmaster was just walking by.
Rigo was sure he was going to get in trouble for his loud voice. He looked
quickly down at the ground, hoping the headmaster would keep walking.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
The headmaster stopped and looked at Rigo.
He said goodbye to the headmaster and ran to get in his father's car
cheerfully.
故事 梗概 本文以人物为线索展开。无论是在家里、上学路上还是在学校里，Rigo都嗓
门儿很大，还很喜欢说话。他的父母反复告诫他要小声说话，老师还让他练
习安静，但都收效甚微。一天放学后，他在路边又大声喊了同学，而此时校
长正好走过，Rigo以为自己惹上麻烦了……
情节线 情感线
结构 Paras. 1-4: Rigo had a very loud voice that bothered others very much. His parents and teacher repeatedly asked him to use his quiet voice. Having a loud voice,
Rigo...
（confident，
proud）
→Being asked to
practice being
quiet，Rigo...
（feeling pain，
hard）
His classmates were angry when he talked aloud. The teacher even asked Rigo to sit by himself for a while to practice being quiet. Para. 5: Rigo might get into trouble. Rigo was yelling to his friend Chris when the headmaster walked by. 续表
续写 方向 Para.1 The headmaster stopped and looked at Rigo.（段首句） →Yelling in front of
the headmaster，
Rigo... （nervous,
afraid）
Seeing the
headmaster stopped
and looked at him,
Rigo...
（uneasy confused
or...）
Telling his father
what the headmaster
said，Rigo...
（proud confident
or…）
→预测情节，问题引领： ①What did the headmaster say to Rigo？ ②What was Rigo's reaction？ ③Why was Rigo cheerful Para.2 He said goodbye to the headmaster and ran to get in his father's car cheerfully.（段首句） →预测情节，问题引领： ①What did Rigo say to his father ②What was his father's reaction ③Did Rigo manage to learn to be quiet 续表
【佳作展示】
The headmaster stopped and looked at Rigo.He waited until Rigo raised his
head. Confusingly, it seemed as if the headmaster had found a great treasure.
Rigo twisted his fingers uneasily."Do you like acting？" asked the
headmaster."I've never seen an actor who speaks louder than you. You're sure
to become an extraordinary actor." "Me An extraordinary actor？" Rigo
couldn't believe his ears."Yes, you，" the headmaster said."A good actor must
be able to speak aloud on the stage to make himself heard by every one of
his audience. You can do that！" At that moment, Rigo saw his father."By the
way, a good actor knows he should use his quiet voice off the stage," added
the headmaster.
He said goodbye to the headmaster and ran to get in his father's car
cheerfully. "Dad, the headmaster said I was going to become an extraordinary
actor！" he yelled proudly. The next second, he seemed to remember what the
headmaster had told him, and lowered his voice, "Yes, I know when to speak
in a loud voice." His father was surprised at his change. Rigo then told him
what happened just now and promised he would practice speaking quietly.
Pleased, his father smiled, "Yes, you're to become an extraordinary actor, for
yourself, and for the headmaster."
谢谢
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