2024-2025学年辽宁省沈阳市第120中学高二上学期第一次质量监测英语试题
满分：150分 时间：120分钟
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每题2.5分，共37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Right Electric Bike For You
The bicycle fever is back, but this time it has gone electric. According to NPD Group which tracks the bicycle industry, electric bike sales have more than doubled since 2019. And their popularity is still on the rise. Confirm your need and pick the electric bike that’s best for you.
MODEL WHAT’S IT FOR WHO’S IT FOR
Swagtron EB5 ◆Such e-bikes are designed to make short trips, adding to the rider’s comfort and ability to see. The electric assistance allows you to travel easily and comfortably. ◆Those looking for alternatives to driving around the town. They’re lighter than most motorcycles. making them perfect for carrying groceries and laptops.
Specialized Turbo ◆These e-bikes use the same light structure and narrow wheels as conventional touring bikes. The electric motor makes it possible to cover longer distances. ◆Riders who are eager for more challenging cycling or want to extend the riding distance. The riding position may discourage those with back or neck pain.
RadWagon 4 ◆With strong structure and fat wheels, they transport relatively heavy loads, which can be equipped with a seat or rack (支架). ◆Anyone who would prefer to transport large loads of groceries or packages(or even small kids) with something other than a car.
Ancheer EM ◆With stronger structure, bigger wheels, and suspension systems that absorb the impact of rough rides, they can handle rough landscapes. ◆Someone who wants to experience the excitement of riding down dirt tracks but also wants a bit help from an electric motor.
21. Which magazine is this text probably taken from
A. Techlife News. B. Muscle & Fitness.
C. How It Works. D. Consumer Reports.
22. Which is most suitable for someone who wants to challenge long-range tours
A. Swagtron EB5. B. Specialized Turbo. C. RadWagon 4. D. Ancheer EM.
23. What can we learn about the electric bikes
A. Designs of ‘electric bikes are based on travel purposes.
B. Electric bikes are more popular than conventional bikes.
C. Riders of these electric bikes put speed in the first place.
D. The trend of electric bikes replacing cars can’t be prevented.
B
“To repair ancient books, we have a lot to do,” says Song Jing, 34, who has been working in the restoration division for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing for eight years. Before starting a restoration project, Song and her colleagues have to evaluate the subject to consider what problems can be solved through restoration and those that cannot. Fearing the chemicals in commercially produced pastes (胶水) might harm the books, they have to make the glues they need by themselves, starting from removing starch(淀粉) from flour.
“The restoration also requires high levels of control in brushing the paper. If the pressure is not properly controlled during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won’t stick,” Song explains.
Song was determined to join the field from an early age. As a child, she was attracted by documentaries about the world’s cultural relics (遗物) and became deeply interested in the art of artifact restoration.
In senior middle school, those earlier experiences helped her to set her sights on becoming a master restorer of ancient books.
There were not many schools offering cultural-relic restoration courses back then, and her dream destination, Peking University, only offered openings every other year.
As Song looked into undergraduate curricula (本科课程) arrangement for that particular field of study, she found it was mostly related to chemistry. Therefore, she chose to start a chemistry degree at Fudan University in Shanghai in 2008. In her spare time, she continued to read up on cultural relics and study how museums operate.
“I got to learn how certain aspects of chemistry are going a long way in restoring cultural relics,” she says.
After graduating from Fudan, she was accepted as a master’s candidate to the cultural heritage preservation program at Peking University. From then on, she has been on a mission to make her dreams a reality.
24. What will ruin a restoration work
A. Brushing the paper. B. Man-made glue.
C. Removing starch. D. Incorrect assessment.
25. Which of the following best describes Song’s job
A. Demanding and Boring. B. Complex and challenging.
C. Complicated and Dangerous. D. Entertaining and profitable.
26. Why did Song study chemistry at Fudan University in 2008
A. She didn’t reach the requirement of Peking University.
B. Only Fudan University offered her favorite course.
C. She wanted to be better prepared for her dream occupation.
D. Her interest had shifted from book restoration to chemistry.
27. What can we learn from Song’s story
A. History mirrors future. B. Courage is the key to achievements.
C. Education breaks down barriers. D. Commitment and hard work pay off.
C
NASA will crash a spacecraft into an asteroid (小行星) to try to change its orbit, attempting to prevent humans going the same way as the dinosaurs.
Earth is constantly being disturbed by small pieces of debris (碎片), but they usually burn up or break up long before they hit the ground. Once in a while, however, something large enough to do significant damage makes impact. About 66 million years ago, one such crash is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs. Someday, something similar could end human beings—unless we can find a way to tackle it.
NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (Dart) mission is the first attempt to test if such asteroid redirection is a realistic strategy: investigating whether a spacecraft can autonomously reach a target asteroid and intentionally crash into it, as well as measuring the amount of redirection. “If it works, it would be a big deal, because it would prove that we have the technical capability of protecting ourselves,” said Jay Tate, the director of the National Near Earth Object Information Center.
The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at the target—the Didymos system—a harmless pair of asteroids consisting of a 163-metre “moonlet” asteroid called Dimorphos that orbits a larger 780-metre asteroid called Didymos (Greek for “twin”). The plan is to crash the spacecraft into Dimorphos when the asteroid system is at its closest to Earth—about 6.8 million miles away.
About 10 days before impact, a miniaturized satellite called LiciaCube will separate from the main spacecraft, enabling images of the impact to be relayed back to bined with observations from ground-based telescopes, and an onboard camera that will record the final moments before the crash, these recordings will enable scientists to calculate the degree to which the impact has changed Dimorphos’s orbit. The expectation is that it will change the speed of the smaller asteroid by approximately 1% and reduce its orbit around the larger asteroid.
Then, in November 2024, the European Space Agency’s Hera spacecraft will visit the Didymos system and conduct a further close-up analysis of the consequences of this snooker (斯诺克) game, recording details such as the precise makeup and internal structure of Dimorphos, and the size and shape of the hole left by Dart. Such details are vital for transforming asteroid redirection into a repeatable technique.
Even then, it is impossible that any single redirection strategy would be enough. “The problem is that no two asteroids or comets are alike, and how you redirect one depends on a huge number of variables. There is no silver bullet in this game. What you need is a whole folder of different redirection methods for different types of targets,” said Tate.
So, while this may be one small step towards planetary protection, many more are likely to be necessary to avoid destruction.
28. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2
A. To explain the necessity of launching a spacecraft.
B. To examine the impact of dinosaurs’ extinction.
C. To highlight the crisis threatening human beings at present.
D. To show the damage caused by small pieces of debris.
29. Which of the following pictures illustrates the mission
A. B.
C. D.
30. What is the function of LiciaCube
A. Helping the satellite separate from the spacecraft.
B. Recording the scientists’ ground-based observations.
C. Sending impact data back to Earth.
D. Calculating the length of Dimorphos’s orbit.
31. What does the underlined sentence “There is no silver bullet in this game” mean
A. There is no possibility to satisfy NASA’s needs.
B. There is no challenge too big to overcome.
C. There is no strategy to help make an obvious decision.
D. There is no single solution to the complex problem.
D
There’s a useful concept from psychology that helps explain why good people do things that harm the environment: the false consensus effect. That’s where we overvalue how acceptable and prevalent (普遍的) our own behavior is in society. Put simply, if you’re doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn’t), you’re more likely to think plenty of other people do it too. What’s more, you likely overestimate how much other people think that behavior is broadly OK.
This bias (偏见) allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors. Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting. More recently, conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage.
In Australia, people who admitted to poaching (偷猎) thought it was much more prevalent in society than it really was, and had higher estimates than fishers who obeyed the law. They also believed others viewed poaching as socially acceptable; however, in reality, more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view. The false consensus effect has also shown up in studies examining support for nuclear energy and offshore wind farms.
Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so too can they help address it. For example, research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there’s already a-lot of trash scattered around; so making sure the ground around a bin is not covered in rubbish may help.
Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful. Energy companies have substantially reduced energy consumption simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to their neighbors. Encouragingly, stimulating people’s natural desire for status has also been successful in getting people to “go green to be seen”, or to publicly buy eco-friendly products.
As the research evidence shows, social norms can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviors. Perhaps you can do your bit by sharing this article!
32. Which example best illustrates the false consensus effect
A. A student spends long hours surfing the internet.
B. A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts.
C. A driver frequently parks illegally in public places.
D. A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking.
33. How did most Australian fishers view the issue of poaching
A. It is unacceptable. B. It is widespread.
C. It is controversial. D. It is complex.
34. What do the underlined words “go green to be seen” in paragraph 5 mean
A. Embrace green habits for better health.
B. Make green choices that others can perceive.
C. Join green movements for personal fulfillment.
D. Choose green items that are easy to spot in stores.
35. What is a recommended approach to addressing environmental problems
A. Understate social norms. B. Highlight personal responsibilities.
C. Publicize sustainable practices. D. Encourage technological innovations.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____36____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____37____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____38____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____39____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____40____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
第三部分 语言应用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
You pride yourself on being a person who is not terribly attached to possessions, and then you have to part with something and feel your heart tighten.
Our oldest daughter is having ____41____ letting go of a red couch. If you saw the couch you’d say, “That way to the ____42____!”
As ____43____ as the memories, she’s having difficulty letting go of it. It has been ____44____ onto moving trucks seven times. Three kids have sat on it, dripped on it and jumped on it. It’s so ____45____ that the only way you could sell it easily would be in the dark, which is ____46____ why it’s in the basement.
Yet she’s having a hard time letting go and asked if I thought that was ____47____.
“Completely not,” I said. “You inherit it from me.”
When we were ready to get ____48____ of our baby things, I sold our crib (婴儿床) at the neighborhood garage sale. A young woman said she wanted to buy it. My throat tightened and the tears began to ____49____. She pulled out cash but I _____50_____ the price on purpose. By the time I sold the pieces of the crib, I was all out _____51_____. “Have you considered that maybe you’re not _____52_____ to sell it ” the woman asked.
“No-o-o-o” I wailed. More sobbing. My _____53_____ was so cloudy by tears that I nearly hit her with one of the side rails.
Let the couch go, I told my daughter. It _____54_____ its purpose. You can get a new one. Give the kids some crackers and juice boxes and it will be like the _____55_____ one in six weeks.
41. A. trouble B. fun C. time D. doubt
42. A. home B. container C. garbage D. land
43. A. little B. few C. much D. many
44. A. loaded B. replaced C. sold D. bought
45. A. blank B. boring C. worn D. virtual
46. A. probably B. hardly C. entirely D. extremely
47. A. happy B. chief C. strange D. normal
48. A. tired B. fond C. rid D. ahead
49. A. aid B. shoot C. fund D. well
50. A. reduced B. raised C. offered D. criticized
51. A. crying B. laughing C. screaming D. singing
52. A. regretful B. hesitant C. capable D. ready
53. A. thought B. vision C. impression D. memory
54. A. played B. showed C. treated D. served
55. A. old B. new C. small D. huge
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Zhu Caiping, 73, was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment(认知损伤) three years ago, she found that anxiety, depression and even looking down on herself became normal in her life and ____56____ she lost almost all her confidence. It was not ____57____ last year, after she became a restaurant server in Shanghai, that her situation began to improve dramatically.
The cafe has eight elderly employees with cognitive impairments, who make ____58____ (contribute) to help customers enjoy their meals. In addition to providing services, the elderly employees participate in welfare activities organized by volunteers ____59____ baking, dancing and learning English, bring her great ____60____ (secure). “These activities reactivate my brain,” Zhu said.
Shanghai is also home to other cafes that provide help and support for disadvantaged groups. Last year, the cafe Hinchijou went viral after word spread that half its employees have disabilities, ____61____ (basic) hearing impairment. By now, A-Coffee ____62____ (establish) in the city, training people with autism (自闭症) to become professional waiters and ____63____ (provide) them with opportunities for social interaction.
“The popularity of these special cafes shows many people in the city pay attention to public welfare, which is the symbol of Shanghai’s soft power.” said Lyu Xiaohui, ____64____ member of the standing committee of the Xuhui District Committee and director, _____65_____ efforts have paid off.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华。你校上周组织学生去当地公园开展研学活动(field trip)，了解当地的环保状况。请你为校学生英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 活动的具体内容；
2. 发现与感受
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Field Trip
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成篇完整的短文。
As I stood in line waiting to cash out at a “pack your own” kind of store, where customers pack their items by themselves, I stared at the customer in front of me reading the magazines. She was young, but she already had a tired look to her, with head bent forwards—as if life had beaten her down too many times.
Her face looked pale from extreme tiredness. Her winter coat was thin and unbuttoned. The well-worn scarf around her throat probably did little to protect it from the cold weather. Her hands turning a few pages, were rough and red. When I looked down at her boots, I could see a small piece of a clear plastic bag partially visible through a hole in her left boot.
The items in her cart (购物车) included the cheapest cuts of meat and some things like rice and potatoes. There were also lots of noodles. Day-old bread, inexpensive soap, and tissues on sale—well, almost. In a far corner sat a little toy and a pretty dress that was 50 percent off.
She continued to look at the magazines as we waited, and more people lined up behind us. She finally took one out and turned it over several times, trying to find a price before finally turning to me.
“I’m sorry to bother you,” she began in a shy and nervous tone. “But can you tell me how much this is I forgot my glasses at home.”
“Of course” I said with a smile.
When I finally found the small print and told her, she shook her head and put it back.
“They’ve become so expensive, haven’t they ” I said sympathetically.
“Next!” The cashier called in a gentle voice before she could answer, and she moved forward to begin her transaction(交易)
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When told the cost, the woman’s face paled.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I approached the cashier and whispered “Include her removed items in my bill, please.”
沈阳市第120中学2024-2025学年度高二上学期
第一次质量监测英语试题
答案版
满分：150分 时间：120分钟
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每题2.5分，共37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Right Electric Bike For You
The bicycle fever is back, but this time it has gone electric. According to NPD Group which tracks the bicycle industry, electric bike sales have more than doubled since 2019. And their popularity is still on the rise. Confirm your need and pick the electric bike that’s best for you.
MODEL WHAT’S IT FOR WHO’S IT FOR
Swagtron EB5 ◆Such e-bikes are designed to make short trips, adding to the rider’s comfort and ability to see. The electric assistance allows you to travel easily and comfortably. ◆Those looking for alternatives to driving around the town. They’re lighter than most motorcycles. making them perfect for carrying groceries and laptops.
Specialized Turbo ◆These e-bikes use the same light structure and narrow wheels as conventional touring bikes. The electric motor makes it possible to cover longer distances. ◆Riders who are eager for more challenging cycling or want to extend the riding distance. The riding position may discourage those with back or neck pain.
RadWagon 4 ◆With strong structure and fat wheels, they transport relatively heavy loads, which can be equipped with a seat or rack (支架). ◆Anyone who would prefer to transport large loads of groceries or packages(or even small kids) with something other than a car.
Ancheer EM ◆With stronger structure, bigger wheels, and suspension systems that absorb the impact of rough rides, they can handle rough landscapes. ◆Someone who wants to experience the excitement of riding down dirt tracks but also wants a bit help from an electric motor.
21. Which magazine is this text probably taken from
A. Techlife News. B. Muscle & Fitness.
C. How It Works. D. Consumer Reports.
22. Which is most suitable for someone who wants to challenge long-range tours
A Swagtron EB5. B. Specialized Turbo. C. RadWagon 4. D. Ancheer EM.
23. What can we learn about the electric bikes
A. Designs of ‘electric bikes are based on travel purposes.
B. Electric bikes are more popular than conventional bikes.
C. Riders of these electric bikes put speed in the first place.
D. The trend of electric bikes replacing cars can’t be prevented.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A
B
“To repair ancient books, we have a lot to do,” says Song Jing, 34, who has been working in the restoration division for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing for eight years. Before starting a restoration project, Song and her colleagues have to evaluate the subject to consider what problems can be solved through restoration and those that cannot. Fearing the chemicals in commercially produced pastes (胶水) might harm the books, they have to make the glues they need by themselves, starting from removing starch(淀粉) from flour.
“The restoration also requires high levels of control in brushing the paper. If the pressure is not properly controlled during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won’t stick,” Song explains.
Song was determined to join the field from an early age. As a child, she was attracted by documentaries about the world’s cultural relics (遗物) and became deeply interested in the art of artifact restoration.
In senior middle school, those earlier experiences helped her to set her sights on becoming a master restorer of ancient books.
There were not many schools offering cultural-relic restoration courses back then, and her dream destination, Peking University, only offered openings every other year.
As Song looked into undergraduate curricula (本科课程) arrangement for that particular field of study, she found it was mostly related to chemistry. Therefore, she chose to start a chemistry degree at Fudan University in Shanghai in 2008. In her spare time, she continued to read up on cultural relics and study how museums operate.
“I got to learn how certain aspects of chemistry are going a long way in restoring cultural relics,” she says.
After graduating from Fudan, she was accepted as a master’s candidate to the cultural heritage preservation program at Peking University. From then on, she has been on a mission to make her dreams a reality.
24. What will ruin a restoration work
A. Brushing the paper. B. Man-made glue.
C. Removing starch. D. Incorrect assessment.
25. Which of the following best describes Song’s job
A. Demanding and Boring. B. Complex and challenging.
C. Complicated and Dangerous. D. Entertaining and profitable.
26 Why did Song study chemistry at Fudan University in 2008
A. She didn’t reach the requirement of Peking University.
B. Only Fudan University offered her favorite course.
C. She wanted to be better prepared for her dream occupation.
D. Her interest had shifted from book restoration to chemistry.
27. What can we learn from Song’s story
A. History mirrors future. B. Courage is the key to achievements.
C. Education breaks down barriers. D. Commitment and hard work pay off.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 27. D
C
NASA will crash a spacecraft into an asteroid (小行星) to try to change its orbit, attempting to prevent humans going the same way as the dinosaurs.
Earth is constantly being disturbed by small pieces of debris (碎片), but they usually burn up or break up long before they hit the ground. Once in a while, however, something large enough to do significant damage makes impact. About 66 million years ago, one such crash is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs. Someday, something similar could end human beings—unless we can find a way to tackle it.
NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (Dart) mission is the first attempt to test if such asteroid redirection is a realistic strategy: investigating whether a spacecraft can autonomously reach a target asteroid and intentionally crash into it, as well as measuring the amount of redirection. “If it works, it would be a big deal, because it would prove that we have the technical capability of protecting ourselves,” said Jay Tate, the director of the National Near Earth Object Information Center.
The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at the target—the Didymos system—a harmless pair of asteroids consisting of a 163-metre “moonlet” asteroid called Dimorphos that orbits a larger 780-metre asteroid called Didymos (Greek for “twin”). The plan is to crash the spacecraft into Dimorphos when the asteroid system is at its closest to Earth—about 6.8 million miles away.
About 10 days before impact, a miniaturized satellite called LiciaCube will separate from the main spacecraft, enabling images of the impact to be relayed back to bined with observations from ground-based telescopes, and an onboard camera that will record the final moments before the crash, these recordings will enable scientists to calculate the degree to which the impact has changed Dimorphos’s orbit. The expectation is that it will change the speed of the smaller asteroid by approximately 1% and reduce its orbit around the larger asteroid.
Then, in November 2024, the European Space Agency’s Hera spacecraft will visit the Didymos system and conduct a further close-up analysis of the consequences of this snooker (斯诺克) game, recording details such as the precise makeup and internal structure of Dimorphos, and the size and shape of the hole left by Dart. Such details are vital for transforming asteroid redirection into a repeatable technique.
Even then, it is impossible that any single redirection strategy would be enough. “The problem is that no two asteroids or comets are alike, and how you redirect one depends on a huge number of variables. There is no silver bullet in this game. What you need is a whole folder of different redirection methods for different types of targets,” said Tate.
So, while this may be one small step towards planetary protection, many more are likely to be necessary to avoid destruction.
28. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2
A. To explain the necessity of launching a spacecraft.
B. To examine the impact of dinosaurs’ extinction.
C. To highlight the crisis threatening human beings at present.
D. To show the damage caused by small pieces of debris.
29. Which of the following pictures illustrates the mission
A. B.
C. D.
30. What is the function of LiciaCube
A. Helping the satellite separate from the spacecraft.
B. Recording the scientists’ ground-based observations.
C. Sending impact data back to Earth.
D. Calculating the length of Dimorphos’s orbit.
31. What does the underlined sentence “There is no silver bullet in this game” mean
A. There is no possibility to satisfy NASA’s needs.
B There is no challenge too big to overcome.
C. There is no strategy to help make an obvious decision.
D. There is no single solution to the complex problem.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. C 31. D
D
There’s a useful concept from psychology that helps explain why good people do things that harm the environment: the false consensus effect. That’s where we overvalue how acceptable and prevalent (普遍的) our own behavior is in society. Put simply, if you’re doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn’t), you’re more likely to think plenty of other people do it too. What’s more, you likely overestimate how much other people think that behavior is broadly OK.
This bias (偏见) allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors. Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting. More recently, conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage.
In Australia, people who admitted to poaching (偷猎) thought it was much more prevalent in society than it really was, and had higher estimates than fishers who obeyed the law. They also believed others viewed poaching as socially acceptable; however, in reality, more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view. The false consensus effect has also shown up in studies examining support for nuclear energy and offshore wind farms.
Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so too can they help address it. For example, research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there’s already a-lot of trash scattered around; so making sure the ground around a bin is not covered in rubbish may help.
Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful. Energy companies have substantially reduced energy consumption simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to their neighbors. Encouragingly, stimulating people’s natural desire for status has also been successful in getting people to “go green to be seen”, or to publicly buy eco-friendly products.
As the research evidence shows, social norms can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviors. Perhaps you can do your bit by sharing this article!
32. Which example best illustrates the false consensus effect
A. A student spends long hours surfing the internet.
B. A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts.
C. A driver frequently parks illegally in public places.
D. A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking.
33. How did most Australian fishers view the issue of poaching
A. It is unacceptable. B. It is widespread.
C. It is controversial. D. It is complex.
34. What do the underlined words “go green to be seen” in paragraph 5 mean
A. Embrace green habits for better health.
B. Make green choices that others can perceive.
C. Join green movements for personal fulfillment.
D. Choose green items that are easy to spot in stores.
35. What is a recommended approach to addressing environmental problems
A Understate social norms. B. Highlight personal responsibilities.
C. Publicize sustainable practices. D. Encourage technological innovations.
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____36____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____37____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____38____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____39____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____40____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
【答案】36. D 37. F 38. G 39. B 40. E
第三部分 语言应用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
You pride yourself on being a person who is not terribly attached to possessions, and then you have to part with something and feel your heart tighten.
Our oldest daughter is having ____41____ letting go of a red couch. If you saw the couch you’d say, “That way to the ____42____!”
As ____43____ as the memories, she’s having difficulty letting go of it. It has been ____44____ onto moving trucks seven times. Three kids have sat on it, dripped on it and jumped on it. It’s so ____45____ that the only way you could sell it easily would be in the dark, which is ____46____ why it’s in the basement.
Yet she’s having a hard time letting go and asked if I thought that was ____47____.
“Completely not,” I said. “You inherit it from me.”
When we were ready to get ____48____ of our baby things, I sold our crib (婴儿床) at the neighborhood garage sale. A young woman said she wanted to buy it. My throat tightened and the tears began to ____49____. She pulled out cash but I _____50_____ the price on purpose. By the time I sold the pieces of the crib, I was all out _____51_____. “Have you considered that maybe you’re not _____52_____ to sell it ” the woman asked.
“No-o-o-o,” I wailed. More sobbing. My _____53_____ was so cloudy by tears that I nearly hit her with one of the side rails.
Let the couch go, I told my daughter. It _____54_____ its purpose. You can get a new one. Give the kids some crackers and juice boxes and it will be like the _____55_____ one in six weeks.
41. A. trouble B. fun C. time D. doubt
42. A. home B. container C. garbage D. land
43. A. little B. few C. much D. many
44. A. loaded B. replaced C. sold D. bought
45. A. blank B. boring C. worn D. virtual
46. A. probably B. hardly C. entirely D. extremely
47. A. happy B. chief C. strange D. normal
48. A. tired B. fond C. rid D. ahead
49. A. aid B. shoot C. fund D. well
50. A. reduced B. raised C. offered D. criticized
51. A. crying B. laughing C. screaming D. singing
52. A. regretful B. hesitant C. capable D. ready
53. A. thought B. vision C. impression D. memory
54. A. played B. showed C. treated D. served
55. A. old B. new C. small D. huge
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. C 46. A 47. C 48. C 49. D 50. B 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. D 55. A
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Zhu Caiping, 73, was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment(认知损伤) three years ago, she found that anxiety, depression and even looking down on herself became normal in her life and ____56____ she lost almost all her confidence. It was not ____57____ last year, after she became a restaurant server in Shanghai, that her situation began to improve dramatically.
The cafe has eight elderly employees with cognitive impairments, who make ____58____ (contribute) to help customers enjoy their meals. In addition to providing services, the elderly employees participate in welfare activities organized by volunteers ____59____ baking, dancing and learning English, bring her great ____60____ (secure). “These activities reactivate my brain,” Zhu said.
Shanghai is also home to other cafes that provide help and support for disadvantaged groups. Last year, the cafe Hinchijou went viral after word spread that half its employees have disabilities, ____61____ (basic) hearing impairment. By now, A-Coffee ____62____ (establish) in the city, training people with autism (自闭症) to become professional waiters and ____63____ (provide) them with opportunities for social interaction.
“The popularity of these special cafes shows many people in the city pay attention to public welfare, which is the symbol of Shanghai’s soft power.” said Lyu Xiaohui, ____64____ member of the standing committee of the Xuhui District Committee and director, _____65_____ efforts have paid off.
【答案】56. that
57. until 58. contributions
59. like 60. security
61. basically
62. has been established
63. providing
64. a 65. whose
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华。你校上周组织学生去当地公园开展研学活动(field trip)，了解当地的环保状况。请你为校学生英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 活动的具体内容；
2. 发现与感受。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Field Trip
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
A Field Trip
Last week, a field trip to the local park was organized by our school to help students learn more about our local environment protection. When arriving at the park, the students were divided into several groups and assigned different tasks. Some students were told to take water samples from the lake, while other students went to observe the local species. After a whole day’s work, they found both the water and the local species are in good condition. Tired as all the students felt, they thought it worthwhile.
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成篇完整的短文。
As I stood in line waiting to cash out at a “pack your own” kind of store, where customers pack their items by themselves, I stared at the customer in front of me reading the magazines. She was young, but she already had a tired look to her, with head bent forwards—as if life had beaten her down too many times.
Her face looked pale from extreme tiredness. Her winter coat was thin and unbuttoned. The well-worn scarf around her throat probably did little to protect it from the cold weather. Her hands turning a few pages, were rough and red. When I looked down at her boots, I could see a small piece of a clear plastic bag partially visible through a hole in her left boot.
The items in her cart (购物车) included the cheapest cuts of meat and some things like rice and potatoes. There were also lots of noodles. Day-old bread, inexpensive soap, and tissues on sale—well, almost. In a far corner sat a little toy and a pretty dress that was 50 percent off.
She continued to look at the magazines as we waited, and more people lined up behind us. She finally took one out and turned it over several times, trying to find a price before finally turning to me.
“I’m sorry to bother you,” she began in a shy and nervous tone. “But can you tell me how much this is I forgot my glasses at home.”
“Of course” I said with a smile.
When I finally found the small print and told her, she shook her head and put it back.
“They’ve become so expensive, haven’t they ” I said sympathetically.
“Next!” The cashier called in a gentle voice before she could answer, and she moved forward to begin her transaction(交易)
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When told the cost, the woman’s face paled.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I approached the cashier and whispered “Include her removed items in my bill, please.”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
When told the cost, the woman’s face paled. She opened a worn-out change purse, counting small bills and change. With a deep breath, she scanned her groceries to see what she could do without. One by one, she removed things, but she still came up short. She continued to get rid of much-needed goods while the cashier patiently took away things with a pleased smile, setting them aside. The woman finally cut back on her groceries, paid, and moved down to pack them.
I approached the cashier and whispered “Include her removed items in my bill, please!” She nodded knowingly, winking at me and finishing the transaction. I moved next, wondering how to slide the extra things into her old cart. The cashier solved the problem by “accidentally” dropping several oranges which flew past the lady. “I’ll get those,” the woman offered kindly to pick up the runaway fruit. I quickly finished our plan. Then, my thoughts wandered to the lady who was enjoying a hearty delicious dish with her little girl.
