Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Writing Workshop—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册随堂小练
一、阅读理解
Chinese cultural relic authorities on Thursday revealed some new discoveries from the puzzling Sanxingdui Ruins in Sichuan Province, including a gold mask, a huge bronze mask, bronze statues and ivory carvings.
A complete gold mask 37.2 centimeters wide, 16.5 centimeters high and about 100 grams in weight was unearthed from No.3 Pit. The golden mask shares a similar size and the same facial features as one of the bronze heads unearthed before. "This golden mask might be a part of the face of the bronze head," Ran Honglin, head of the Sanxingdui Institute of Archaeology(考古学), told the Global Times. Meanwhile, a large bronze mask, 135 centimeters wide and 74 centimeters high, was dug up from the same pit, which is relatively well preserved and it is the largest bronze mask ever discovered at the site.
Among the newly unearthed bronze statues from No.4 Pit, one standing figure is being jokingly called the ancient "ancestor" of the popular Japanese superhero "Ultraman" due to the pointed crown(王冠) on its head and its eyes that stick out. Another bronze statue has a special hairstyle that reminded people of the crown-shaped hat worn by Zhuge Liang, a Chinese statesman living during the Three Kingdoms period. And still another bronze statue has a unique pose. The figure is kneeling down with his head turned to the right and his hands are on the front left side of his body, but most interestingly, the figure is standing on the balls of both feet with his heels high in the air. The shapes and decorations of these bronze statues make them unique as valuable resources for the research of the ancient Kingdom of Shu, some 3,000 years ago.
Currently, the third and fourth pits have produced 729 and 1,073 relics, including three relics made from unknown materials. Meanwhile, 200 ivory relics have been discovered in the eighth pit.
1．What do we know about the bronze mask
A. It is the most complete relic ever discovered.
B. It has the largest size of its kind unearthed at the site.
C.It was dug from No. 4 Pit of the Sanxingdui Ruins.
D. It has the same facial features as a bronze head previously found.
2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The significance of the bronze statues.
B.The similar images of the unearthed statues.
C. The digging process of the bronze statues.
D. The characteristics of the three bronze statues.
3．What makes one bronze statue look like “Ultraman”
A. Its eyes and crown. B.Its hairstyle.
C. Its unique pose. D.Its crown-shaped hat.
4．What can be the best title for the text
A. An Ancient Kingdom Was Newly Discovered
B. Mysterious Sanxingdui Ruins Reveal More Relics
C. Sichuan Province Is the Birthplace of a New Civilization
D. New Sanxingdui Pits Catch the Attention of Archaeologists
5． When school started on that warm August day, I threw myself into everything I did, including playing volleyball. I decided to become beautiful, or at the very least, skinny. I stopped eating completely. Soon I began losing weight, which thrilled me, and I even grew to love the tiredness and lightheadedness (头晕) that came with my poor diet, for those feelings meant that I was winning.
As the season progressed, things had become tense between my head volleyball coach, Coach Smith, and me. She felt that something was wrong with my health. She talked with me about my eating and was angry that I wouldn't listen to her when she tried to make me eat. She tried to persuade me in a determined way so we fought constantly. Then my hunger started to affect my performance. I was so tired that practice and games were becoming a struggle. One afternoon, with hurt in her eyes, Coach Smith asked me what I had eaten and I told her nothing yet. She looked at me, with disappointment in her eyes, knowing she couldn't make me stop, and walked away.
A couple of weeks later, I attended a formal dinner for our volleyball team. I stood there as my coach managed to say something nice about me. I realized then that I had ruined my senior year by being disrespectful, and that I had probably hurt her as well. So that evening I wrote her a letter apologizing and thanking her.
Then one Saturday, as I was reading in the library, I felt someone gently take my arm and say softly, "Lynn Jones, how are you doing " I looked up and saw the familiar face. "Thanks for the letter," she said. "It meant a lot." When I think of a coach, I think of someone above me, someone who gives instructions—not a friend. But Coach Smith is different, and, like any other good friend, she dealt with my problem in a determined way even when I hated her for it at that time. I didn't deserve her kindness, but she gave it anyway. I will forever be grateful for her help, and now for her friendship.
1.How did the author feel when she ate a poor diet and had a sense of tiredness
A.Funny. B.Nervous. C.Proud. D.Ashamed.
2.The author fought with Coach Smith because ______.
A.she refused to go on a diet B.she caused failure of her team
C.she kept her idea of losing weight D.she changed the training course3.Why3.Why did the author write a letter to Coach Smith
A.She felt sorry for eating too little food.
B.She was grateful for Coach Smith's care for her health.
C.She decided to improve her performance.
D.She wanted to build a close relationship with Coach Smith.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.My Way of Losing Weight B.A Fight with My Coach
C.A Strict Volleyball Coach D.Unexpected Friendship
6． I'd like to share a story that happened when I was four. I remember it clearly. Our loving family dog was nearing the end of his life. My father picked him up and put him in a little bed we had made for him. Our dog, my companion, whom we had cared for, bit my father when he tried to help him. How could he Why I couldn't understand it. I didn't like him anymore.
I hadn't thought about that story for a long time but something that happened last week brought it back to me. I went to speak with a friend. When I knocked on the door, I met an angry look and a few harsh(尖刻l的) words. When the door was closed in my face, I stood there shocked, and in a rush, I was reminded of my dog biting my father 20 years ago or so. What brought that story back was that same feeling of betrayal(背叛).
Both stories taught me something the next day. You see, when I got up in the morning and was told my dog had died, it became clear to me that he must have been in great pain. For him to have bitten a family member, he could not have been himself. Much the same for the other story when I learned that my friend's wife had just left him.
We are all beings of our environments, our opinions and feelings. And all of those things can cause you to say and do things that can't be understood by those who are not in the same situation with you.
If you meet someone either behaving out of character or acting in a way that doesn't seem to fit the situation, put out your hand and be patient when you think it is least possible for him to do so. You may turn around a story that has a sad ending simply by your actions.
1.What is the influence of the story mentioned in Paragraph 1
A.It hurt his father's feeling deeply. B.It has puzzled the author ever since.
C.It left a deep impression on the author. D.It made the author dislike dogs.
2.What made the author think of the story of about 20 years ago
A.His friend's attitude. B.The photo of the dog.
C.His father's wound. D.His friend's suffering.
3.Why did the author's friend say harsh words to the author
A.He was ill-tempered.
B.He was suffering the pain of losing his wife.
C.He was bothered by an unexpected visit.
D.They once quarrelled and he couldn't forgive the author.
4.What's the author's advice to us
A.Help those in need. B.Look before you leap.
C.Respect for others is a good quality. D.Learn to put yourself in others' shoes.
二、七选五
7． Most people think Chinese martial arts (武术) are all about kicking and fighting. ①______ It is slow, calm and peaceful.
Tai chi dates back to the mid-17th century in Wenxian county in Henan Province. UNESCO added it to its Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2020. Although tai chi is an ancient martial art, it is still quite popular today. ②______
People do tai chi as a way to stay fit. Unlike other exercises, it is "soft"—the muscles are not tense, the joints are not fully bent, and you don't need to stretch (伸展) your body too much. ③______ You can practise it almost anytime and anywhere without equipment. It is believed that practising tai chi can help us have better control of our bodies so that we can stand, walk and run better.
④______ You can control them better. Slow movements also allow you to take deep, long breaths. This is good for your bodies.
But the benefits of tai chi go beyond the physical side. ⑤______ Tai chi has taught them the value of living more slowly. Just as a Peruvian woman who has practised tai chi for more than 10 years says, "Practising tai chi is like speaking with my soul."
A. This means many can do it.
B. But tai chi is the other way around.
C. It's a practical way for one to further balance.
D. You need to keep a healthy balance in all things.
E. It has over 100 million fans in more than 150 countries.
F. For some people, it's not only a sport, but also a way of life.
G. During slow movements, you can concentrate on your hands and feet.
8． It's been a hard year, but while we can't change what's happening in the world, we can focus on creating a positive atmosphere. No more negative energy.
①_____
Hard times are rubbish, but they make you what you are. Recognize that and know that if you can come through them, you will be more capable and more confident. It's a lucky person indeed who manages to avoid upset as he goes through life; what's important is how you deal with it.
Count your blessings
Feeling sorry for yourself It may sound normal, but it's important to remind yourself of what's good about your life. Try writing a list of the things you're thankful for, or spend a few minutes every evening putting down three nice things that have happened to you that day. ②_____. Patted a dog in the park Write it down. Laughed at a joke on social media Put that on the list too.
Protect yourself from energy vampires(吸血鬼)
We all know those who suck the joy out of life and leave you feeling emotionally exhausted. They complain, blame others or just generally bring you down. ③_____. Gently explaining the effect that they have may bring them around, or simply make sure you're always positive yourself in order to reduce the bad effect of their negativity. ④_____, or eventually cut ties with them entirely.
Create joy in your life
⑤_____. Make a coffee date with a friend; set aside an hour to play a board game with your family; or take a regular walk where you explore somewhere new in your locality.
A. Focus on positivity
B. Accept unfavorable situations
C. Remember to set down the three most significant ones
D. Try to understand that they have probably got problems
E. It really doesn't matter if they are small or insignificant
F. But eventually you might need to limit the time you spend with them
G. Inject positivity into your daily routine by making time for activities that bring you pleasure
三、语法填空
9．As a yoga lover, her body has a high level of _____(flexible).
10．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _____ has been proved.
四、书面表达
11．阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Without water, your body would stop working properly. Water makes up more than half of your body weight, and a person can't survive for more than a few days without it. Why Your body has lots of important jobs and it needs water to do many of them. For instance, your blood, which contains a lot of water, carries oxygen to all the cells of your body. Without oxygen, those tiny cells would die and your body would stop working.
Most people think they can get water only from drinking water. However, they can get enough liquid through the drinks they consume every day. These include water, fruit juice, coffee, soda, iced tea, and other drinks. Your body doesn't get water only from drinking water. Any liquid you drink contains water. Lots of foods contain water, too. Fruit contains quite a bit of water, which you could probably tell if you’ve ever eaten a peach or a plum and felt the juice dripping down your chin! Vegetables, also, contain a lot of water.
How much water should people drink Many people believe they are supposed to drink eight glasses of water a day, or about two liters. Why Because that is what they have been told all their lives. But a new report offers some different advice. Experts say people should obey their bodies; they should drink as much water as they feel like drinking. The report says most people meet their daily need for liquid by letting thirst be their guide.
You lose water when you breathe, sweat and so on. So you need to supplement(补充) enough liquid to stay healthy. If you don't get enough water, you could become dehydrated (脱水的). If you get very dehydrated, your body will no longer have enough liquid to circulate. This is very dangerous. Dehydration also can keep you from being as fast and sharp as you'd like to be. Serious dehydration can even make you sick.
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参考答案
1．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“a large bronze mask...ever discovered at the site”可知,该青铜面具是目前三星堆出土的最大的青铜面具,故B项正确。
2．答案：D
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“one standing figure is...” “Another bronze statue...”可以看出,本段主要介绍了三个形态各异的青铜雕像,故D项正确。
3．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“due to the pointed crown on its head and its eyes that stick out”可知,这个雕像头戴的尖冠和外凸的眼睛使它看起来像奥特曼,故A项正确。
4．答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Chinese cultural relic authorities...the puzzling Sanxingdui Ruins”及下文内容可知,本文主要介绍了三星堆出土的新文物,故B项“神秘的三星堆遗址发现更多文物”适合作为本文标题。
5．答案：1-4.CCBD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段尾句"Soon I began losing weight, which thrilled me, and I even grew to love the tiredness and lightheadedness(头晕) that came with my poor diet, for those feelings meant that I was winning."可知,不久,“我”开始减重,这让“我”很兴奋,“我”甚至爱上了“我”极少的饮食所带来的疲劳和头晕,因为这些感觉意味着“我”是胜利的。据此可以判断,当由于饮食不当而感到疲倦时,作者感觉很骄傲,故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段第三句和第四句"She talked with me about my eating and was angry that I wouldn't listen to her when she tried to make me eat. She tried to persuade me in a determined way so we fought constantly."可知,她和“我”谈论“我”的饮食问题,当她试着让“我”去吃饭而“我”不听她的劝告的时候,她很生气。她试图用一种坚决的方式说服“我”,所以我们不断地争吵。由此推断出作者与史密斯教练争吵,因为她坚持她的减肥想法,故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句"I realized then that I had ruined my senior year by being disrespectful, and that I had probably hurt her as well. So that evening I wrote her a letter apologizing and thanking her."可知,作者写信给史密斯教练是因为她感谢史密斯关心她的健康,故选B。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章尾句"I will forever be grateful for her help, and now for her friendship."是全文的主题句。这篇文章主要讲了作者由于减肥而影响了训练和身体健康,教练真诚地劝说她,但作者并不领情;后来,作者意识到自己对教练的无礼,给教练写信道歉,并表示感谢,两个人成了好朋友。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“意外的友谊”,故选D。
6．答案：1-4.CABD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的I'd like to share a story that happened when I was four. I remember it clearly.可知, 作者对这件事情的印象很深刻, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的When I knocked on the door, I met an angry look and a few harsh words. When the door was closed in my face, I stood there shocked, and in a rush, I was reminded of my dog biting my father 20 years ago or so.可知, 朋友对作者很不友好的态度让作者很震惊, 并让他回想起了大约20年前的事情。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Much the same for the other story when I learned that my friend's wife had just left him.可知, 作者的朋友因为失去了妻子内心很痛苦, 所以才会用不友好的态度对待作者。故选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的...put out your hand and be patient when you think it is least possible for him to do so.可知, 当看到别人行为失常的时候, 不要责怪他们, 要试着理解他们, 多些耐心, 也就是学会设身处地为别人着想。故选D项。put yourself in one's shoes意为"设身处地为某人着想"。
7．答案：BEAGF
解析：①上文说"Chinese martial arts(武术) are all about kicking and fighting",而空后"It is slow, calm and peaceful"则说某种中国武术是缓慢的、平静的、平和的,故空处与上文应是转折关系。B项"But tai chi is the other way around(但太极恰恰相反)"符合语境,故选B。
②空前的"Although tai chi is an ancient martial art, it is still quite popular today"表明虽然太极是一种古老的武术,但它现在仍然很受欢迎,空处位于段尾,应承接上文内容。E项"它在一百五十多个国家拥有超过1亿的粉丝"切题,故选E。
③根据下文中的"You can practise it almost anytime and anywhere without equipment"可知,人们在没有设备的情况下几乎可以随时随地练习太极拳,同时结合空前内容可知,A项"这意味着很多人都能做到"切题,故选A。
④空后的"You can control them better. Slow movements also allow you to take deep, long breaths. This is good for your bodies"说明太极拳缓慢的动作对身体有好处。空处位于段首,总领并引出下文。G项中的"slow movements"对应下文中的Slow movements,空后的them指的就是"your hands and feet",故选G项"在缓慢的动作中,你可以将注意力集中在你的手和脚上"。
⑤根据空前的"But the benefits of tai chi go beyond the physical side"以及空后的"Tai chi has taught them the value of living more slowly"可知,太极拳不仅是一项运动,它还教会人们放慢生活节奏,F项承上启下,符合语境。
8．答案：BEDFG
解析：①结合本段讲到的“they make you...more capable and more confident”可知,艰难时刻造就了我们,也会将我们磨炼得更能干、更自信,故B项“接受不利局面”适合用作本段的小标题。
②空前一句讲到了“每天晚上花几分钟写下三件当天发生在你身上的让你开心的事”,空后则讲到了“在公园轻拍了狗、因社交媒体上的笑话而大笑”等小事,故E项符合语境。
③空前一句讲到了“他们会抱怨,责怪别人或只是让你感到很沮丧”,空后一句讲到了“温和地解释他们(这么做)的影响可能会让他们改变主意”,因此,空处应该还是在围绕“他们”叙述,故D项符合语境。
④空后半句讲到“或者完全切断和他们的联系”,因此,空处应该涉及远离这些负面情绪的人,故F项符合语境
⑤本段小标题讲到了“在生活中创造快乐”,因此,本段应该会讲到如何在生活中创造快乐,故G项符合语境。
9．答案：flexibility
解析：句意为:作为一名瑜伽爱好者,她的身体具有高度的柔韧性。设空处应用名词作介词of的宾语。flexibility为不可数名词。
10．答案：which
解析：句意为:科学家们已提出了很多关于人类为什么流眼泪的理论,但没有一个被证实。解题思路句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词是theories,指物,这里用“代词+of which”引导该从句,which作介词of的宾语。
11．答案：
Water, making your body function well, is a necessity for human beings. You can get enough water not only by drinking water but also from other sources, such as other drinks, fruit and vegetables. Lots of people hold the view that people should drink eight glasses of water a day. According to experts, however, people should drink whenever they feel thirsty. People have to drink enough water and a lack of water can cause damage to the body.
解析：Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson 2 Rules of the Game—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册随堂小练
一、阅读理解
1． John, a very thin boy, loved football with all his heart when he was very young. Practice after practice, he eagerly gave everything he had. But being half the size of the other boys, he could only sit on the bench and hardly ever played in games. Even though the son was always on the bench, his father was always standing with cheers and encouraging him.
When John went to college, he decided to try out for the football team as a "walk-on". Everyone was sure he could never make the cut, but he did. The coach thought he could provide the other members with the spirit they needed.
The news that he had survived the selection excited him so much that he rushed to the nearest phone and called his father. His father shared his excitement and was sent season tickets for all the college games.
It was the end of the last football season. One day John received a telegram and asked one week off. Nobody knew what happened except the coach. The coach said, "Don't plan to come back to the game on Saturday."
Saturday arrived, and the game was not going well. When the team was ten points behind, John came back. "Coach, please let me play. I've just got to play today," said John. The coach pretended not to hear him. But John persisted, and finally feeling sorry for the kid, the coach gave in.
Before long, everyone could not believe their eyes. John was doing everything to fight. The opponents could not stop him. He ran, passed and blocked like a star. And at last his team won the game.
After the game, John looked at the coach, with tears in his eyes, and said, "Well, you knew my dad died, but did you know that my dad was blind " John swallowed hard and forced a smile, "Dad came to all my games, but today was the first time he could see me play, and I wanted to show him that I could do it."
1.Why did John hardly have any chance to play in games A.BecauseA.Because he had no time to practice. B.Because he was too young to play games.
C.Because everyone looked down upon him. D.Because his body condition was not good.
2.The underlined phrase "make the cut" in the second paragraph can be replaced by "_______".
A.make progress B.be allowed to join the team
C.cut himself D.be refused by the coach
3.From the text we can know that _______.
A.John felt very depressed as a "walk-on"
B.John's father always taught him how to play
C.John's father went to all his college games
D.the coach was sure John would be the best player one day
4.This story tells us that "_______".
A.a burden of one's choice is not felt B.better to do well than to say well
C.all roads lead to Rome D.where there is a will, there is a way
2． No one is sure where and when the expression "apple-pie order" began. It's said that the housewives of New England liked to cut their apples in pieces. Then they filled pie pans with them in an organised way, row upon row. As one writer said, the women of New England loved to have everything in its place. This perhaps explains why it is generally believed that "apple-pie order" began in New England.
Another old expression, "apple of discord", comes from ancient myth (神话), however. The myth says that all the gods and goddesses were sitting around the table to celebrate the marriage of Thetis and Peleus. One of the goddesses—Eris was a troublemaker. She threw a golden apple on the table to be given as a prize to the most beautiful goddess. It was not an easy decision to make. How could they choose among Hera, Athena and Aphrodite Paris was given the task of deciding. He decided to give the golden apple to Aphrodite. Hera and Athena were very angry and threatened him. This, the myth says, began the long Trojan War.
At one time, the tomato was called a love apple. That was a mistake. In the sixteenth century, Spain brought the tomato from South America. Spain then sold the tomato to Morocco. Italian traders carried it on to Italy. The Italian name for the tomato was "pomo di Moro"一apple of the Moors. When French growers brought it in from Italy, they thought "di Moro" meant "d'amour"一the French word for love. And so "pomo di Moro" became the apple of love.
People believe many things about the apple. One belief is that it has great power of keeping people healthy. A very common expression is "An apple a day keeps the doctor away."
Another belief is based on fact. The expression is "One rotten apple spoils the barrel." When an apple begins to go bad, it ruins all the other apples around it in the box. The expression has come to mean that one bad person in a group can cause everyone to act badly.
1. Which of the following is TRUE about the phrase "apple-pie order"
A.It began in New England.
B.Nobody's sure where and when it began.
C.Everyone is sure where it began.
D.It has been put into use recently.
2.What's the meaning of "apple of discord"
A.Cause of disagreement.
B.Situation of danger.
C.Everything in agreement.
D.Everything in good order.
3.What's the purpose of the third paragraph
A.To show us a mistaken idea.
B.To tell us a love story about apple.
C.To explain how the tomato was called the apple of love.
D.To show how the tomato was brought in from South America.
4.Which of the following expressions is about health
A.Apple of discord.
B.Apple-pie order.
C.One rotten apple spoils the barrel.
D.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
3． One Moore Elementary School teacher is showing students the importance of communication through "shout-outs".
The third-grade teacher Lindsey Winders said a shout-out is a compliment (称赞) that students can say or write down. "Like, 'Hey, I noticed you doing a really great job solving your maths problems yesterday. I wanted to make sure you know that I saw you do that,'" Winders said.
Winders said she makes sure she is giving shout-outs to her students every day. "I might write them a sticky note, or write them a quick little note in their planner. I might just say it to them on their way into the classroom or on their way out of the classroom. But most importantly, I try to do it every day," Winders said.
In addition to the compliments, Winders has the students greet each other every morning during the morning meeting. She will have students give examples to the class of how to communicate in different settings (场景). A third-grade student Nayelli Moranchel said she had given at least six shout-outs this year. "It makes me happy, because they always write something back," Moranchel said.
Recently, Winders took it one step further and wrote a personalised note on each of her students' desks. In our classroom, sometimes it can be challenging for me to give a compliment or a shout-out to each and every one of them in a way that is equal and valuable at the same time. So I decide that there is no better way than leaving a note on their desks that can stay for as long as they want it to," Winders said.
Winders said it is encouraging when she sees her students copy the act and give each other compliments without her guidance.
1. What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 mean
A.Giving a shout-out.
B.Solving maths problems.
C.Teaching important lessons.
D.Writing down the names of students.
2.How does Winders show her students the importance of compliments
A.By helping them take notes.
B.By making practical plans for them.
C.By serving as a daily example herself.
D.By greeting them during the morning meeting.
3.What is the best way that Winders finds to give her students compliments
A.Leaving a note on each student’s desk.
B.Praising them as long as they want it.
C.Explaining the value of compliments.
D.Giving them shout-outs at the same time.
4.What can we infer about Winders way of praising students
A.It is very successful.
B.It is facing challenges.
C.It needs proper guidance.
D.It is copied by other teachers.
二、语法填空
4．You should quit ______(smoke) to stay healthy.
5．If you have any problems downloading the _____(apply) form, please contact us.
6．They are great fighters, willing to die in _______(defend) of their beliefs.
7．He has signed up ______ a training club to improve his boxing skills during the winter holiday.
参考答案
1．答案：1-4.DBCD
解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段中的"But being half the size of the other boys, he could only sit on the bench and hardly ever played in games."可知,由于他的体形几乎是其他男孩的一半大小,他只能成为板凳球员,很少参加比赛。由此可见,约翰几乎没有机会参加比赛的原因是他的身体条件不好。故D选项正确。
2.词义猜测题。由第二段中的"When John went to college, he decided to try out for the football team as a 'walk-on'."可知,当约翰上大学时,他决定参加足球队的选拔赛,成为一名临时球员。所以判断出第二段中带下划线的短语"make the cut"可替换为be allowed to join the team。故B选项正确。
3.推理判断题。由最后一段中的"'Well, you knew my dad died, but did you know that my dad was blind '"及"'Dad came to all my games, but today was the first time he could see me play'"可知,约翰的父亲去世了,他的父亲是个盲人,生前去“看”了他所有的比赛,今天是他第一次“看到”约翰上场踢足球,约翰想让父亲知道他能行。故C选项正确。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文讲述了尽管约翰受到身体条件的限制,只是一名板凳球员,但是父亲一直在鼓励着他。上大学之后,他努力争取成为一名临时球员。足球赛季末,家里发来的电报告诉他父亲去世了。但是比赛当天约翰求教练能给予他上场的机会,教练最终同意了。他力挽狂澜,帮助球队获得了胜利,同时向死去的父亲证明自己能行。所以这个故事告诉我们“有志者,事竟成”的道理。故D选项正确。
2．答案：1-4 BACD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的No one is sure where and when the expression "apple-pie order" began.可知，没有人知道"apple-pie order"这个短语起源于何时何地，故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段可知，不和女神厄里斯把一个金苹果扔到桌子上，作为对最美女神的奖励，帕里斯最后将苹果给了阿佛洛狄忒，另外两位女神非常生气；此事引发了特洛伊战争。由此可推知，"apple of discord"的意思是"引起争端的原因；不和的种子"。故选A项。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段中的At one time, the tomato was called a love apple. That was a mistake.可知，第三段主要是解释为什么西红柿一度被称为"a love apple"。故选C项。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的One belief is that it has great power of keeping people healthy. A very common expression is "An apple a day keeps the doctor away."可知，"An apple a day keeps the doctor away."这个表达是和健康有关的。故选D项。
3．答案：1-4 BCAA
解析：1.词义猜测题。画线词所在句子表示"我想确保你知道我看到你做了那件事"，that指代上文学生所做的事，即doing a really great job solving your maths problems yesterday，所以，that指代解决数学问题。故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段One Moore Elementary School teacher is showing students the importance of communication through "shout-outs".及第三段的内容可知，老师通过自己的日常行为为孩子们树立榜样，告诉学生称赞的重要性。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的Recently, Winders took it one step further and wrote a personalised note on each of her students' desks.和So I decide that there is no better way than leaving a note on their desks that can stay for as long as they want it to...可知，温德斯在每个学生的书桌上都写了一张个性化的便条，她认为这个方法最好、最有效。故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的it is encouraging when she sees her students copy the act and give each other compliments without her guidance可知，学生也效仿温德斯的行为称赞他人，这让她觉得备受鼓舞，因此可知，这位老师称赞学生的方法很成功。
4．答案：smoking
解析：句意为:你应该戒烟,以保持健康。quit doing sth意为“停止做某事”。
5．答案：application
解析：句意为:如果下载申请表有任何困难,请和我们联系。application form意为“申请表”。
6．答案：defence
解析：句意为:他们是伟大的斗士,愿意为了捍卫自己的信仰而牺牲。in defence of为固定短语,意为“捍卫”。
7．答案：for
解析：句意为:他已报名参加了一个训练俱乐部,以在寒假期间提高拳击技能。sign up for...为固定搭配,意为“报名参加……”。Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Topic Talk & Lesson 1 The Underdog—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册随堂小练
一、阅读理解
1．Riding Club:
You can start horse riding at any age. Choose private or group lessons on any weekday between 9 am and 8:30 pm (3:30 pm on Saturdays). There are 10 kilometres of tracks and paths for leisurely rides across farmland and open country. You will need a riding hat.
Opening Hours: Monday through Friday; 9 : 00 am— 8: 30 pm
Phone: (412)396-6754
Fax: (412)396-6752
Sailing Club:
Our Young Sailors' Course leads to the stage 1 sailing qualification. You'll learn how to sail safely and the course also covers the sailing theory and first aid. Have fun with other course members afterwards in the clubroom. There are 10 weekly two-hour lessons (Tuesdays 6 pm—8 pm).
Opening Hours: Tuesdays: 6:00 pm—8:00 pm
Phone: (412)396-6644
Fax: (412)396-6644
Diving Centre :
Our experienced instructors offer one-month courses in deep-sea diving for beginners. There are two evening lessons a week, in which you learn to breathe underwater and use the equipment safely. You only need a swimming costume and a towel. Reduced rates for couples.
Opening Hours : Monday and Friday : 6:30 pm— 8 :30 pm
Phone: (412)396-6312
Fax: (412)396-6706
Medical Center:
The staff of the Medical Center aim to provide convenient and comprehensive medical care to students and staff of the university. The center is well equipped and the staff here are trained to deal with a broad range of medical problems. Both female and male doctors as well as nursing staff are available for consultation. Also, all kinds of medicines are sold here and are cheaper for students than other drugstores.
Opening Hours : 24 hours from Monday to Sunday
Phone:(412)396-6649
Fax: (412)396-6648
Watersports Club:
We use a two-kilometre length of river for speedboat racing, and water-skiing. A beginner's course consists of ten 20-minute lessons. You will learn to handle boats safely and confidently, but must be able to swim. The club is in a convenient central position and is open daily from 9 am to 4 pm, with lessons all through the day.
Opening Hours: Monday through Friday: 9:00 am— 4:00 pm
Phone: (412)396-6899
Fax: (412)396-6890
1.If you want to swim and enjoy activities which are fast and a bit dangerous, you should join ______.
A.the Watersports Club B.the Diving Centre
C.the Sailing Club D.the Riding Club2.If2.If you want to experience a new activity in the countryside in the mornings, you may fax _______.
A.(412)396-6648 B.(412)396-6706 C.(412)396-6752 D.(412)396-6890
3.If you are planning to explore the ocean depth, you should attend your lessons _______.
A.24 hours from Monday to Sunday B.Monday through Friday: 9:00 am—8:30 pm
C.at Tuesdays: 6:00 pm—8:00 pm D.at Monday and Friday: 6:30 pm—8:30 pm
4.Which is NOT the convenience that the Medical Center provides
A.Good equipment. B.Well trained staff members.
C.Various expensive medicines. D.Nursing service.
2．Is It a Healthy Interest
The Guinness Book of World Records describes Ranulph Fiennes as the world's greatest living explorer. His journeys include the first polar circumnavigation (极地环行) and the first unsupported crossing of the Antarctic continent on foot. So when he suffered a heart attack, it came as something of a surprise.
Exercise can benefit you highly as it reduces both the pulse (脉搏) rate and the blood pressure, thus reducing stress on the heart as it brings blood round the body. It also helps to keep the artery (动脉) walls more elastic (有弹性的).
But can you push yourself too much On the subject of exercise, it is good to take several parts of "moderate" exercise a week, which is a little more than quick walking. "We need to be careful when we're doing extreme sports," says expert Len Almond. "Extreme stress can make almost impossible demands on the body's ability to recover. The stress of extreme sports forces biochemical changes in the body, and the physical response to that kind of activity will be too extreme."
We all know how the Olympics began. The man who ran 26 miles from the town of Marathon to Athens with news of a victory died as soon as he arrived, and the cause of his sudden death might be the heart attack. Further research was done by scientists. They studied cyclists on a race that covered 230km with a height change of 5,500m. They were interested in one particular enzyme (酶), high concentrations of which were found in those who had suffered a heart attack. The scientists found that levels of this chemical increased in most of the cyclists who completed the race. The largest increases were seen in the fastest cyclists who had trained the hardest.
Most of us will never put our bodies to such extreme sports. But if, when you hear about someone like Fiennes, you ask whether exercise is worth it, I advise you to consider your own condition. Personally, I agree with the saying :"Run not to add years to your life but to add life to your years."
1.According to the passage, taking exercise can _______.
A.speed up the heart rate B.increase stress on the heart
C.reduce the blood pressure D.keep the artery walls straight
2.What does expert Len Almond suggest
A.Our bodies can easily deal with physical stress.
B.Playing extreme sports is harmful to the human body.
C.We need a long period of recovery after extreme sports.
D.There is more to learn about the effect of physical stress.
3.Why is the research on the cyclists mentioned in Paragraph 4
A.To suggest a different area of research.
B.To support the activity of taking part in sports.
C.To explain the effect of a height change on cyclists.
D.To prove that extreme sports may cause heart attacks.
4.The author believes that exercise ________.
A.helps you live a regular life B.adds years to your life
C.should be done in moderation D.will be worth the effort
3． A number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can contribute to the development of self-esteem (a feeling of pride in oneself). For example, Canadian scientists found that sixth-grade students who were more physically active had considerably higher levels of self-esteem. A study in Switzerland found that teenagers who took part in sports clubs were healthier, including being better socially adjusted, feeling less anxious, and generally being happier about their lives. Similar findings were reported in a study of Latino students, where self-esteem was found to be greatly related to participation in school sport.
There seems little doubt that part of the potency (效力) of sports lies in their social setting. There are a lot of facts showing the importance of social interactions for the healthy development of children and teenagers, and sports offer a popular and engaging setting for such activities. Involvement in team sports has been positively associated with social acceptance and a sense of belonging, especially where such involvement is characterized by positive coaching, progressive skill development, and peer support.
But, the social setting of sports can exclude as well as include. There is now evidence that boys' and girls' experiences of sports can be very different, and this can affect the contribution they can make to the self-esteem of players. Peer acceptance seems to be an important factor in determining the relationship between sport participation and self-esteem, and girls can be particularly sensitive to negative judgments. And studies have found that many "girly" boys and girls benefit most from non-competitive physical activities.
So, a note of caution ought to be sounded in case sports are considered to be a cure. Much of the literature on the most positive psychological(心理的) outcomes related to childhood and youth sports stresses the absolute importance of positive experiences. It will surprise no one that bullying, excluding or abuse experiences will harm, rather than support the development of self-esteem, and wellbeing in general. Sadly, it will also not be a shock to learn that many children's introductions to sports are far from improving the quality of life.
The great developmental psychologist Jean Piaget argued that the foundations of self-esteem were laid between the ages of about 6 and 11. Importantly, this is also the time when children are most likely to be introduced to sports. We should know the importance of positive early sporting experiences for the development of both self-esteem and ongoing participation in sports and other physical activities. Teachers, coaches, and parents have a responsibility to make sure that these experiences "catch" as many children as possible, and for this to happen they need to remember "the principles of children's development": Children are not mini-adults.
Problems arise when adults forget these principles and kids themselves, thinking that they are coaching future Olympic athletes or super stars. Unluckily, evidence suggests that talented children are most likely to stand out when they are given time to develop, to play, and to remain children.
Children are not mini-adults, and their enjoyment of sports (and their self-esteem) can suffer when adults forget this!
1.Studies in Switzerland showed teenagers who often join in sports ________.
A.build self-esteem earlier B.have more good experiences
C.are more sensitive to judgments D.are healthier both physically and mentally
2.In general, the author's attitude toward the influence of sports on teenagers is _______.
A.positive B.critical C.uncertain D.tolerant
3.According to the author, when children take part in sports, they _______.
A.will be happier about their lives
B.are more likely to be attracted by competitive sports
C.should be treated by coaches and parents as super stars
D.will build self-esteem if given positive comment and support
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.Children Should Take Part in Sports B.Sports Offer You a Better Teenage Life
C.Sports Experiences and Building Self-esteem D.People Should Treat Teenagers Like Mini-adults
二、七选五
4． Why do we play sports You might say "to get exercise" and you'd be right. To have fun That's true, too. But there's more. ①________ According to the Women's Sports Foundation, girls who play sports get a lot more than just fitness.
Girls who play sports do better in school. You might think that playing sports will take up all your study time. ②________ Exercise improves learning, memory, and concentration, which can give active girls an advantage in the classroom.
Girls who play sports learn teamwork and goal setting skills. Sports teach valuable life skills. When you work with coaches, trainers, and teammates to win games and achieve goals, you're learning how to be successful. ③________ Sports are good for a girl's health. In addition to being fit and keeping a healthy weight, girls who exercise are less likely to get osteoporosis(骨质疏松症) later in life.
Playing sports improves self-confidence. ④________ Why It builds confidence when you know you can practice, improve, and achieve your goals. Sports are also a feel-good activity because they help girls keep in good shape, keep a healthy weight, and make new friends.
⑤________ Playing sports can reduce stress and help you feel a little happier. How The brain chemicals released during the exercise improve a person's mood. Friends are another mood-lifter. And being on a team creates connections between friends. It's good to know your teammates will support you—both on and off the field!
A. Exercise cuts the pressure down.
B. In fact, there are at least 5 more reasons.
C. Regular exercise improves the quality of life.
D. Girls who play sports feel better about themselves.
E. Those skills will serve you well at work and in family life.
F. Playing sports offers children more than just physical benefits.
G. But research shows girls who play sports do better in school than those who don't.
5． Getting a great night's sleep can make a big difference to people. Sleep is also one of the most important factors in decreasing stress and improving our health. Here are a few tips that might help you.
Create fixed bedtime.
Every night before going to bed, try getting into a routine. ①_______ As these activities become second nature, your mind and body will begin relating them to settling down and feeling relaxed.
Eat nuts.
We are not encouraging you to break your diet, just to give you a chemical advantage for sleep. ②_______ Get a handful of them so that you can settle down more quickly.
③_______
Put it in a drawer, cover it with a scarf, or at least turn it away so that the alarm clock can't disturb (打扰) you. And if you do happen to wake in the middle of the night, you'd better avoid seeing the time.
Write.
④_______ This can help you release stresses before they disturb your sleep. You'd better keep your journal nearby. If you wake up with a brilliant idea, simply take your notebook and write it down so you can return to sleep again.
You can try to find what works best for helping you fall asleep. Some people use essential oils(精油) to help calm their minds. ⑤_______ Hopefully your own exploration and the tips above can help you to sleep soundly in, no time.
A. Cover up the alarm clock.
B. Turn off your alarm clock at once.
C. Others spend 10 minutes reading before bedtime.
D. It is a good way to improve your writing skills.
E. Nuts are high in a mineral related to high-quality sleep.
F. As part of your bedtime habit, you might want to write about your day.
G. It could be as simple as reading a few pages in a book or washing your face.
三、语法填空
6．A diet of more fruit and vegetables may make young people calmer, happier and more _____(energy).
7．The only system _____ will help you remember what you have heard at a lecture is keeping notes.
参考答案
1．答案：1-4.ACDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据Watersports Club中的第一、二、三句"We use a two-kilometer length of river for speedboat racing, and water-skiing, A beginner's course consists of ten 20-minutelessons. You will learn to handle boats safely and confidently, but must be able to swim."可知,如果你想游泳并且喜欢快速且有点危险的活动,可以参加水上运动俱乐部,故A项正确。
2.细节理解题。根据Riding Club中的前三句"You can start horse riding at any age. Choose private or group lessons on any weekday between 9 am and 8:30 pm(3:30 pm on Saturdays). There are 10 kilometers of tracks and paths for leisurely rides across farmland and open country."可知,参加骑马俱乐部可以在早晨的乡村骑马,结合该部分的传真号码"Fax:(412)396-6752"可知C项正确。
3.细节理解题。根据Diving Centre中的"Our experienced instructors offer one-month courses in deep-sea diving for beginners."以及"Opening Hours: Monday and Friday:6:30pm—8:30 pm"可知,该项活动的时间为周一和周五晚上6:30到8:30,故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据Medical Center部分中的第一、二句"The staff of the Medical Center aim to provide convenient and comprehensive medical care to students and staff of the university. The center is well equipped and the staff here are trained to deal with a broad range of medical problems."可知医疗中心设备良好,员工训练有素,给学生提供良好的医疗服务,故排除A,B,D三项;根据该部分第四句"Also, all kinds of medicines are sold here and are cheaper for students than other drugstores."可知,医疗中心的药物价格比其他药品商店的便宜,故C项与文意相反,故选C。
2．答案：1-4.CBDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"Exercise can benefit you highly as it reduces both the pulse(脉搏) rate and the blood pressure, thus reducing stress on the heart as it brings blood round the body."可知,运动可以降低脉搏速率和血压,缓解心脏压力。故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中Len Almond说的话"We need to be careful when we're doing extreme sports"及"Extreme stress can make almost impossible demands on the body's ability to recover."可知,Len Almond认为极限运动对人的身体有害。故选B项。信息句主要体现的是极限运动带给人们的伤害,而A、D项主要介绍的是压力,所以不符合题意;C项与信息句不一致,极限运动对身体造成的损害几乎无法恢复。
3.推理判断题。第四段第二句中提到"the cause of his sudden death might be the heart attack",接着讲述科学家研究了完成长230千米、高度变化5,500米自行车比赛的运动员,发现他们体内有一种化学物质浓度上升,这种化学物质在心脏病人体内浓度很高,由此可知,文章提到自行车运动员是为了证明极限运动可能导致心脏病。故选D项。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中"But if, when you hear about someone like Fiennes, you ask whether exercise is worth it, I advise you to consider your own condition."可知,作者认为运动应该适度。故选C项。
3．答案：1-4.DADC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句"A study in Switzerland found that teenagers who took part in sports clubs were healthier, including being better socially adjusted, feeling less anxious, and generally being happier about their lives."可知瑞士的研究表明,经常参加运动的青少年在身心上都更健康。故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据全文内容可知,文章前两段讲述了体育运动与建立自尊心之间的关系,后面讲述引导孩子参加体育要注意形式和方法,因此作者总体上对运动对青少年的影响是持积极态度的,故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"Involvement in team sports has been positively associated with social acceptance and a sense of belonging, especially where such involvement is characterized by positive coaching, progressive skill development, and peer support."可知,当孩子参加体育活动时,如果给予积极的评价和支持,他们会建立自尊心。故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第一段首句"A number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can contribute to the development of self-esteem(a feeling of pride in oneself)"可知,文章论述了体育运动与促进孩子自尊心的发展之间的关系,并提醒大家让孩子参加体育运动要注意形式和方法,切勿把孩子当成小版的成年人那样急功近利地进行培养。所以“体育运动经历与自尊心建立”切合文意。故选C项。
4．答案：BGEDA
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了运动对女孩的好处:提高女孩的学习记忆能力,让女孩学会团队协作。运动有助于女孩健康,增强女孩的自信,减轻生活压力。
①根据设空处前文可知,运动可以锻炼身体和娱乐,结合设空处上句"But there's more."可知,此外,运动还有更多好处,故B项正确。由于前文提到了娱乐,因此不只是physical benefits,排除E项。
②根据第二段第一句可知,该段主要说明做运动的女孩在学校表现更好;结合设空处上句可知,你可能认为做运动会占用你所有的学习时间。据此可以判断,设空处与上文构成转折关系,G项意为“但研究表明,参加体育运动的女孩比不参加体育运动的女孩在学校表现更好”,符合语境,故G项正确。
③根据设空处上句可知,当你与教练、助理教练以及队友一起努力以赢得比赛并实现目标时,你就在学习如何走向成功。据此可知,在运动中学会的技能会让你在工作和家庭生活中受益匪浅,故E项正确。
④根据上句可知,做运动可以增强自信,据此可知,喜欢运动的女孩自我感觉更好。故D项正确。
⑤根据设空处所在位置可知,设空处为该段的主题句,根据下句"Playing sports can reduce stress and help you feel a little happier."可知,运动可以减少压力,帮助你感觉更快乐。据此可知,该段主要说明运动减少压力,故A项正确。C项中的"improves the quality of life"一般指物质条件或工作效率的提高,与最后一段内容不符。
5．答案：GEAFC
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章针对如何拥有高质量的睡眠提出了一些建议。
①结合上文中的"Every night before going to bed, try getting into a routine"可知,此处建议培养睡前习惯,由此可推知本空应该是列举可以培养哪些睡前习惯,故G项符合语境。空后的 these activities也是信息提示。
②根据本段小标题 Eat nuts和下文内容可知,本段建议吃坚果来保证好的睡眠,E项"坚果富含与高质量睡眠相关的矿物质"承上启下,且空后的them指的就是E项中的Nuts。
③根据下文内容以及多次出现的让可知,本段建议不要看时间,把闹钟放在抽屉里、用围巾盖起来或者至少把它转过去,不要让闹钟打扰到自己的睡眠。故选A。
④根据下文中的"You'd better keep your journal nearby. If you wake up with a brilliant idea, simply take your notebook and write it down so you can return to sleep again"可知,本段建议通过写作来提高睡眠质量,故F项"作为你睡前习惯的一部分,你可能想要写下你的一天"符合语境。
⑤空前的" Some people use essential oils(精油) to help calm their minds"讲的是一些人自己尝试的有助睡眠的方法,故空处应该也是此类内容。C项中的 Others与空前的Some people相对应。故选C。
6．答案： energetic
解析：句意为:多吃水果和蔬菜可以使年轻人更平和、更开心、精力更充沛。more指“精力更充沛”,与calmer, happier并列,为形容词的比较级,故设空处填energetic。
7．答案： that
解析：句意为:唯一可以帮助你记住你在讲座上听到的东西的方法就是记笔记。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为system,关系词在从句中作主语,因先行词前有The only修饰,所以只能用关系代词that。Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson 3 Running and Fitness—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册随堂小练
一、阅读理解
1． Physical education, or PE, isn't required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn't offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education The answer is certainly "yes".
Today many people don't do sports. But as is known to all, doing sports is very important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place.
High school isn't that easy. Many students are under a lot of stress. Stress can be harmful to a student's studies and life. Doing sports can help them deal with stress better, helping them live a happier life at school.
The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens suffer from obesity(肥胖症). Teens should get 60-minute physical activities per day to control their weight and to help their bones get stronger. The increase in activities that don't get teens to move around, such as video games and computer activities, means many teens don't get their required exercise. PE classes act as a public health measure to encourage physical activities and help teens have healthy weights.
Not doing sports increases teens’ risk of developing many diseases. An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems. As much as 75 percent of health-care spending goes toward treating medical conditions that can be hindered by lifestyle changes, according to the American College of Sports Medicine.
According to the President's Council on Sports, Fitness & Nutrition (PCSFN), students who performed five-hour physical activities each week improved their academic(学业的) performance. Students from programs with no physical activities, who used the extra time for classroom study, did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education.
1.According to Paragraph 2, what does physical education in high school mean
A.Making teens attach importance to exercise. B.Removing the stress faced by teens at school.
C.Getting teens to encourage adults to exercise. D.Helping teens learn to make good plans.
2.What does the underlined word "hindered" in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Measured. B.Prevented. C.Shown. D.Caused.
3.According to the PCSFN, doing sports ________.
A.means making students choose between sports and studies
B.helps students make good use of all their time
C.means students adjust to their studies better
D.helps students do better in their studies4.What4.What is the text mainly about
A.Why high school students should receive physical education.
B.Why some schools consider physical education important.
C.How schools can help students love doing sports.
D.How high school students can live a better life.
2． Cold weather during winter months may keep many people from leaving home and running in the open air. However, a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run. In fact, researchers say running in cold weather helps improve one's performance.
Many people say running in the winter can be difficult. Two reasons are the low temperatures and bitter winds. Yet many runners might find it easier than running in hot weather. That could be because lower temperatures reduce stress on the body. When you run in cold weather, your heart rate and the body's dehydration (脱水) levels are lower than in warmer conditions. The body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather.
This information comes from sports scientists at St. Mary's University in San Antonio, Texas. John Brewer is a professor of applied sport science at St. Mary's. For this study, he and other researchers put a group of people into a room they called an "environmental chamber". The researchers then recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room, under which the test subjects were asked to run 10,000 meters. Brewer said he and his team recorded biological measurements (测量的结果) of the runners.
They found that the runners lost water by around 30. 38% more in those hotter conditions. Besides, he said every movement runners make produces heat. He explained that one way in which we lose heat is by sweating. And they found their perception of heat was around a third lower when they were running in cold conditions.
Several websites note that the most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing. Keeping as dry as possible is the most important when people are exercising in low temperatures. So, if you are a runner, don't let winter weather keep you indoors. Simply get ready for the low temperatures and start running.
1.What can we know about running in winter
A.It increases pressure of the body. B.It improves the function of the body.
C.It makes your heart rate higher. D.It needs more water than in summer.
2.What can we know about the research according to the passage
A.Researchers interviewed the subjects.
B.Subjects built the "environmental chamber".
C.Subjects were asked to run in winter and summer.
D.Biological measurements of the runners were written.
3.What does the underlined word "subjects" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Runners that run in winter. B.Classes that you study at school.
C.People that are tested. D.Researchers that do research.
4.What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A.To introduce a research on running by Brewer.
B.To explain why running in winter is difficult for people.
C.To encourage people to run outside during winter months.
D.To advertise the new websites on running he created.
3． James Cleveland Owens was the son of a farmer and the grandson of black slaves. His family moved to Cleveland when he was 9. There a school teacher asked his name.
"J.C.," he replied. She thought he had said "Jesse", so he had a new name.
Owens ran his first race at age 13. After high school, he went to Ohio State University. He had to work part-time so as to pay for his education. As a second-year student, in the Big Ten games in 1935, he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a year later.
A week before the Big Ten games, Owens accidentally fell down a flight of stairs. His back hurt so much that he could not exercise all week, and he had to be helped in and out of the car that drove him to the games. He refused to listen to the suggestions that he should give up and said he would try, event by event. He did try, and the results are in the record book.
The stage was set for Owens, victory at the Olympic Games in Berlin the next year, and his success would come to be regarded as not only athletic but also political. Hitler did not congratulate any of the African American winners.
"It was all right with me," he said years later. "I didn't go to Berlin to shake hands with him, anyway."
Having returned from Berlin, he received no telephone call from the president of his own country, either. In fact, he was not honoured by the United States until 1976, four years before his death.
Owens' Olympic victories made little difference to him. He earned his living by looking after a school playground, and accepted money to race against cars, trucks, motorcycles and dogs.
"Sure, it bothered me," he said later. "But at least it was an honest living. I had to eat."
In time, however, his gold medals changed his life. "They have kept me alive over the years," he once said. "Time has stood still for me. That golden moment dies hard."
1.Owens got his other name "Jesse" when _____.
A.he went to Ohio State University
B.his teacher made fun of him
C.his teacher took "J.C." for "Jesse"
D.he won gold medals in the Big Ten games
2.In the Big Ten games, Owens _____.
A.hurt himself in the back
B.succeeded in setting many records
C.tried every sports event but failed
D.had to give up some events
3.When Owens said "They have kept me alive over the years" in the last paragraph, he means that the medals _____.
A.have been changed for money to help him live on
B.have made him famous in the US
C.have encouraged him to overcome difficulties in life
D.have kept him busy with all kinds of jobs
4.What would be the best title for the text
A.Owens—a Great American Sportsman
B.The Golden Moment—a Lifetime Memory
C.Making a Living as a Sportsman
D.Why Was Owens Successful
二、七选五
4． Spring and summer are the best seasons of the year for lots of activities, especially jogging. This kind of running is the choice of many people who live in the city, work in the office and want to keep healthy. ①_____
Make good preparations before jogging.
②_____ There, you'll have an opportunity to find and buy all the necessary sportswear. Pay attention to the selection of jogging shoes, if you don't want to suffer from the feeling of heaviness, pain and leg swelling after the run. With all these pieces of wisdom, your body will be truly grateful to you.
Do fitting warming-up activities.
Every runner, especially the beginners should know that all physical activities without proper warming up can cause a terrible pain and result in harm to muscles. It will probably lead to a final discomfort in your body or even disease. ③_____ Actually, it usually just takes you 15 minutes to increase the range of motion of our joints and warm up every muscle of the body.
④_____
When running, you usually feel physical and mental pleasure. Sometimes this pleasure can be replaced by negative feelings or even some kind of pain. No matter how healthy you're, you should always pay attention to how your body reacts. If something is wrong during your jog or run, the body will certainly let you know by giving you some hints(暗示). Watchfulness can help you avoid all possible aftereffects of over exercise.
Every type of sport is special and useful in its own way. While jogging can sometimes bring pain and discomfort, it really offers you greater joy and satisfaction. So don't step back. ⑤_____ I hope these tips will help you prepare yourself for jogging.
A. Listen to your body signals.
B. Never give in to difficulties while jogging.
C. Just go in for jogging, but remember to follow the above rules.
D. Therefore, you should make it a habit to warm up before jogging.
E. However, jogging without preparation will bring great harm.
F. One of the best ways to prepare is to go to specialized shops.
G. Here are some basic rules to make jogging safe, useful and comfortable.
5．Reasons Why Running Is the Easiest Exercise
Some people think that running is hard. I once thought that way too. ①_____ Here's why it is such an easy activity to start and stick to.
It can be as easy or hard as you want.
Many people start running by going out and running as fast as they can for as long as they can. That is not so fun. ②_____ But easing into it is a different story. Start slowly and cover a short distance. Then gradually work your way up. In this way, running can be pain-free and actually wonderful.
③_____
Classes at the gym are great but they always end up never working for me. With a busy life, I find it hard to attend a class. On the other hand, with running, you just need to find the time whenever you can, here and there, and change it around.
The gear(装备) is simple.
④_____ However, that's really just about all you need. There is no gear. Expensive sport-specific clothes are available(可用的) but not required. If you fall in love with running, you may think you need some seasonal running clothes. Even so, that will be cheaper than bike gear.
You can do it anywhere.
You can run in the city. You can run on a track, in a park, on the street or even on the beach. You can run at home. You can run when you travel. And in fact, running around new cities when traveling is great fun. ⑤_____
A.You can do it on your own schedule.
B.Choose some training classes at the gym.
C.It is important to have proper running shoes.
D.Starting on a running track is a great way to begin.
E.That is a wonderful way to get to know a place.
F.It might make you hurt or even cause injuries.
G.But if you work out properly, it is easy and wonderful.
三、语法填空
6．He points out that it is important for teenagers to keep regular hours and get _____ large amount of exercise to stay energetic and fit.
7．While you are travelling to a place, attention should be paid to preventing yourself from _____(fine) for breaking some special local rules.
参考答案
1．答案：1-4.ABDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第三句"Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place."可知,现在教导青少年健康生活方式的重要性并制订健身计划,可以帮助青少年把锻炼放在首位。据此可知,高中体育教育的意义在于让青少年重视锻炼。故选A。
2.词义猜测题。根据上文"Not doing sports increases teens' risk of developing many diseases. An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems."可知,不运动会增加青少年患多种疾病的风险。积极的生活方式是预防这些健康问题的好方法。由此可知,画线词所在句子表示,多达75%的医疗支出用于治疗改变生活方式就能预防的疾病。hindered在此处意为“预防”,故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段尾句"Students from programs with no physical activity, who used the extra time for classroom study, did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education."可知,不参加体育活动并把额外的时间用于课堂学习的学生在考试中的表现并不比那些为了体育运动而放弃一些学习时间的学生好。由此推断出,做运动帮助学生在学习上做得更好。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,第一段中"But should high school students have physical education The answer is certainly 'yes'."为全文主题句;结合全文内容可知,这篇文章主要讲了为什么高中生应该接受体育教育。故选A。
2．答案：1-4.BDCC
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"In fact, researchers say running in cold weather helps improve one's performance"可知,在寒冷的天气里跑步有助于提高人们的身体机能,故B项正确。
2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Brewer said he and his team recorded biological measurements(测量的结果) of the runners"可知,研究人员们对跑步者的生理指标进行了记录。故D项正确。
3.考查词义猜测。由第三段中的"For this study, he and other researchers put a group of people into a room they called an 'environmental chamber'"可知,研究人员把一组人安排在一个环境舱里,所以划线词所在句表示研究人员改变这一环境里的气候条件来模仿夏天和冬天的气候,让测试对象在这两种条件下跑一万米,故subject表示"接受试验者;实验对象"。
4.考查目的意图。本文主要讲了研究人员通过研究发现在寒冷的冬天跑步要比在夏天跑步更能够提高人们的身体机能,由最后一段中的"So, if you are a runner, don't let winter weather keep you indoors. Simply get ready for the low temperatures and start running"可知,作者写这篇文章主要是为了鼓励人们在冬季外出跑步,故选C。
3．答案：1-4 CBCA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的She thought he had said "Jesse", so he had a new name.可知，老师误把他的名字J.C.听成Jesse。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的As a second-year student, in the Big Ten games in 1935, he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a year later.可知，他创造了多项纪录。
3.推理判断题。从文章最后一段中的 however, his gold medals changed his life. "They have kept me alive over the years," he once said. "Time has stood still for me.That golden moment dies hard."可知，金牌改变了他的生活，让他能够重新活着，也就是说这些奖牌给了他面对困难的勇气。故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。这篇短文主要描述了美国伟大的运动员詹姆斯·克利夫兰·欧文斯的故事，故选A项。
4．答案：GFDAC
解析：本句为段尾句,起承上启下的作用,结合下文列举了三点关于慢跑的规则,G选项"这里有一些基本的规则,使慢跑安全、有用和舒适"符合上下文语境。故选G。
②根据下文"There, you'll have an opportunity to find and buy all the necessary sportswear."可知,本句强调的是要去专门的体育用品店,在那里才有机会找到并购买所有必需的体育用品。故F选项"最好的准备方法之一就是去专门的商店"符合语境,故选F。
③根据下文"Actually, it usually just takes you 15 minutes to increase the range of motion of our joints and warm up every muscle of the body."可知,it指的是热身运动,故D选项"因此,你应该养成慢跑前热身的习惯"符合语境,故选D。
④本句为本段小标题,根据下文中"No matter how healthy you're, you should always pay attention to how your body reacts."可知本段主要讲述的是在慢跑时关注自己身体的反应。故A选项"倾听你的身体信号"符合语境,故选A。
⑤根据下文"I hope these tips will help you prepare yourself for jogging and avoid some serious issues."可知本句是在强调遵守上面提到的规则,为慢跑做好准备,避免一些严重的问题。故C选项"就去慢跑吧,但要记住遵守以上规则"符合语境。故选C。
5．答案：①-⑤ GFACE
解析：①过渡句。根据上文中"Some people think that running is hard. I once thought that way too."及下文中"Here's why it is such an easy activity to start and stick to."可知, 设空处表明作者现在不认为跑步是很难的运动, 即跑步是简单的运动。所以设空处与上文构成转折关系, 选项G"But if you work out properly, it is easy and wonderful."承上启下。故选G。
②细节句。根据上文中"Many people start running by going out and running as fast as they can for as long as they can. That is not so fun."可知, 接下来要说这样跑会有什么结果。选项F"It might make you hurt or even cause injuries."说明了后果, 故选F。
③主题句。根据下文中"Classes at the gym are great but they always end up never working for me."及"On the other hand, with running, you just need to find the time whenever you can, here and there, and change it around."说明了跑步锻炼要根据自己的时间和地点来改变, 所以就要依照自己的时间表来安排跑步。故选A。
④细节句。根据上文中"The gear is simple."(装备很简单)可知, 接下来主要说明跑步的装备。选项C"It is important to have proper running shoes."中的running shoes与上文的gear呼应, 故选C。
⑤细节句。根据上文中"And in fact, running around new cities when traveling is great fun."可知, 旅行的时候, 在陌生的城市里跑步很有趣。所以接下来说明具体的乐趣是什么。选项E"That is a wonderful way to get to know a place."符合文意。故选E。
6．答案：a
解析：句意为:他指出,对青少年来说,保持规律的作息时间和多锻炼以保持精力充沛和健康是很重要的。a large amount of...意为“大量……”,为固定短语。
7．答案：being fined
解析：句意为:当你去某个地方旅行时,应该注意防止自己因为违反当地的一些特殊规定而被罚款。prevent sb from doing sth意为“防止某人做某事”,yourself与fine之间为逻辑上的被动关系,设空处应用动名词的被动式。故填being fined。
