北师大版（2019）必修第二册Unit 5 Humans and nature随堂小练（含解析，共5份）

Unit 5 Humans and Nature Writing Workshop—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第二册随堂小练
一、阅读理解
1．If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a "lesson" in sorting garbage, as the city recently introduced new garbage-sorting regulations. It's now required that people should sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan. More cities are introducing similar regulations, following the practice in Shanghai. By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will have been built in 46 major Chinese cities, including Beijing and Shenzhen, reported People's Daily.
According to a study by the Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, under the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection of the environment. However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are adequately sorting their trash, the study noted.
According to Xinhua News Agency, it's partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste. In the past, some previous garbage regulations didn't give clear fines for people who failed to sort garbage. "It's a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting." Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua University, told China Daily. He also added "the importance of the new regulations in Shanghai is to change the past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone".
Aside from China, many other foreign countries have also introduced garbage-sorting regulations. In Japan, waste sorting has become a basic survival skill, reported Xinhua. There is a fixed time for disposal of each kind of garbage and littering can result in high fines and even jail time. In Germany too, people are asked to sort waste into specific categories, reported HuffPost. For example, in Berlin, people have yellow bins for plastic and metals and blue bins for paper and cardboard.
1. What can we learn from paragraph 1
A. Poisonous waste belongs to four categories in sorting.
B. People will be fined not less than 200 yuan.
C. All the cities use the same regulations as Shanghai.
D. Shanghai works as a pioneer in garbage sorting.
2. Which statement is true according to the passage
A. Garbage-sorting system have been built in 46 major cities.
B. Not all the public attach importance to garbage sorting.
C. People aren't fined clearly if they fail to sort garbage now.
D. People may be put in prison because of littering in Germany.
3. What can be inferred from Liu Jianguo's words
A. He thinks highly of the legal regulations in garbage sorting.
B. The sorting action should be changed from compulsory to voluntary.
C. Legal guarantee is a must to promote garbage sorting.
D. There is a growing concern over garbage sorting worldwide.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Shanghai Puts Garbage-sorting Into Practice B. Regulations Are of Great Importance
C. Garbage Is Hard to Recycle Appropriately D. Cities Get Serious About Waste
2． If you're not one of the record 1. 9 million British holiday makers who went on a cruise (海上航游) last year, isn't it high time you walked up the gangway
We've rounded up all of the best packages you need to know about, as well as picking out some of our top favourite late deals.
US Transatlantic from 629 pei~person: Sail 13 nights with stops including Boston, New York. Price is on a full-board basis and includes accommodation as well as on board entertainment and activities. Based on an interior cabin (船舱) but upgrade to Ocean View for an extra 177 per-person.
Cuba from 400 pei~person: Sail five nights on board Majesty of the Seas with stops in Havana Cuba and Mexico. Price is on a full-board basis and includes accommodation as well as onboard entertainment and activities.
Portugal, Spain and Italy from 479 pei~person: Sail seven nights with stops including Madeira, and Malaga on a full-board basis. Price includes meals, afternoon tea, late-night snacks, luxury en-suite accommodation, all onboard activities and entertainment.
European cities from 579 pei~person: Sail on board MSC Meraviglia from Barcelona to visit Marseille, Genoa, Civitavecchia, Palermo and Valetta, and make the most of MSC's all-inclusive drinks package including coffees, cocktails, wine, beer, spirits and soft drinks for over 18s. Price is on a cruise only basis with two people sharing a cabin
While there are plenty of great late deals available to customers, the cruise industry often has some of its best deals months in advance. Going forward, cruise lines are looking to change the way the booking system works so the prices go up closer to the departure.
1. Who is the passage written for
A. Sailor. B. A holiday designer. C. An advertiser. D. A potential tourist.
2. How much should a couple pay for US Transatlantic Ocean View cabin
A. 1,612. B. 1,258. C. 806. D. 629.
3. Whose price doesn't include entertainment
A. Cuba. B. Portugal, Spain and Italy.
C. European cities. D. US Transatlantic.
3． When I was young, my mother didn't have the money to send me to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with education. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself. But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.
We need every one of you to develop your talents and your skills so that you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems. If you quit on school— you're not just quitting on yourself, but you're quitting on your country. No one's written your destiny (命运) for you, because you write your own destiny. You make your own future. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and do everything you can to meet them. Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time reading a book.
But whatever you decide to do, I want you to commit to it. I want you to really work at it. I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work—that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star. No one's born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work. You're not a good athlete the first time you play a new sport. You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song. You've got to practise.
1.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A.The writer's home was very rich.
B.The writer's mother was a teacher.
C.The writer was born in a poor family.
D.The writer didn't like reading books.
2.What does the writer want everyone to do by improving their talents and skills
A.To quit on their country to earn more money.
B.To help solve the most difficult problems.
C.To write their own new destiny by working as a TV star.
D.To spend some time writing books about their own life.
3.Why does the writer call on everyone to set his/her own goal
A.Because everyone's future is determined by themselves.
B.Because everyone's future is to do simple work.
C.Because everyone should do their homework.
D.Because everyone should pay attention in class.
4.How can people realise their great dreams
A. By rapping. B. By playing basketball.
C. By being a reality star. D. By working hard.
二、七选五
4．Is Fresh Air Really Good for You
We all grew up hearing people tell us to "go out and get some fresh air." ①_____ According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
②_____ If the air you're breathing is clean—which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). ③_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see free branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ④_____ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
⑤_____ While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial vitamin D. To make sure you get enough vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of vitamin D.
A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B.So what are you waiting for
C.Being in nature refreshes us.
D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F.Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G.All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
三、语法填空
5．The animal, unique to China, is in danger of _____(extinct) in the next 25 years.
6．Many people are eating more _____(vary) foods these days.
四、书面表达
7．假定你是李华,你校英文报社将举办主题为 “自然灾害”的征文活动。请你给美国朋友Bruce Alpert写一封邮件,邀请他参加。内容包括:
1. 说明缘由;
2. 请他介绍美国的自然灾害并谈谈其影响及应对措施等;
3. 告知征文截稿日期。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：1-4 DBAD
解析：1.细节理解题.根据第一段If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a "lesson" in sorting garbage, as the city recently introduced new garbage-sorting regulations.如果您住在上海,那么您可能不得不上一堂"垃圾分类"课,因为上海最近出台了新的垃圾分类条例.可知,上海是垃圾分类的先行者.故选D.
2.细节理解题.根据第二段 Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are adequately sorting their trash, the study noted.研究指出,只有30%的参与者表示他们认为自己已经对垃圾进行了适当分类.可知,并非所有人都重视垃圾分类.故选B.
3.细节理解题.根据第三段 "It's a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting." Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua University, told China Daily. He also added "the importance of the new regulations in Shanghai is to change the past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone""必须有促进垃圾分类的法律保证."清华大学教授刘建国告诉《中国日报》.他还补充说:"上海新法规的重要性在于将过去的自愿行为转变为所有人的强制行为".可知,刘建国他高度重视垃圾分类的法律规定.故选A.
4.主旨大意题.阅读全文,根据文章内容可知,本文主要讲述了城市认真对待垃圾,进行垃圾分类的问题.故选D.
2．答案：1-3 DAC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段"If you're not one of the record 1. 9 million British holiday makers who went on a cruise last year, isn't it high time you walked up the gangway "可知,如果你不是去年 190万英国度假者中的一员,那你是不是该踏上人生旅途了 由此可推知,这篇文章是潜在的游客写的。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中"US Transatlantic from 629 per-person"(美国横渡大西洋起价629英镑/人)以及"Based on an interior cabin but upgrade to Ocean View for an extra 177 per-person"可知,以室内小屋为基础,但要升级到海景舱,每人需额外支付177英镑。由此可知,一对夫妇应该为美国的跨大西洋海景舱付 629+629+177+177= 1612。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中"Price is on a cruise only basis with two people sharing a cabin"可知,价格仅限于两人同住一个船舱的邮轮。解题思路其他活动详情可知,European cities不包括娱乐。 故选C。
3．答案：1-4 CBAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句When I was young, my mother didn't have the money to send me to school…可知作者出生在贫困家庭。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句We need every one of you to develop your talents and your skills so that you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems.可知，作者想通过提高每一个人的才能和技能来帮助解决最困难的问题。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段第四、五句You make your own future. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and do everything you can to meet them.可知，作者呼吁每个人设定自己的目标是因为自己才能主宰自己的命运。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的You become good at things through hard work.可知人们必须努力工作才能实现梦想。
4．答案：①-⑤ EAGCD
解析： ①设空处前句提到"go out and get some fresh air", 然后设空处后一句就是针对提问的回答"the answer is a big YES", 设空处应是针对呼吸新鲜空气这件事情进行提问, 所以选择E项。
②设空处后面都是在阐述呼吸新鲜空气的好处, 尤其两次提到oxygen(氧气), oxygen与A项中的lungs有联系, 所以选择A项。
③设空处前一句中的关键词healing与G项中的Healing对应, G项中的recovery与设空处后一句中的recovery对应。此外, G项中出现Healing Gardens, 后一句马上出现In these places来指代Healing Gardens, 因此答案是G项。
④此段讲了接近大自然有助于病人的康复, 并对有哪些帮助进行了进一步说明, 所以在本段的最后再次进行总结, 话题依然与大自然有关, 而且是总结性的句子, 所以选择C项。C项中nature与话题一致, 与设空处后一句均是对本段的收尾。
⑤设空处后一句中的the sun's rays与D项中的sunlight对应。而D项中的Another side benefit of getting fresh air又是对前面段落中阐述呼吸新鲜空气有好处的延伸, 因此D项是最佳选项。
5．答案：extinction
解析：句意为:未来25年内,中国特有的这种动物会面临灭绝的风险。设空处作of的宾语,应用名词,故填extinction。
6．答案： varied/various
解析：句意为:现在许多人吃的食物种类更丰富了。设空处作定语,修饰名词foods,且其前有副词more修饰,应填形容词,意为“各种各样的”,故填varied/various。
7．答案：
Dear Bruce Alpert,
Our school English newspaper will hold an essay competition themed "Natural Disasters". I'd like to invite you to attend it.
As we know, many natural disasters occur every year in America, causing great damage. You can introduce the main natural disasters, such as tornadoes and hurricanes and tell some common knowledge about them and the effects of them. The relative measures you take may benefit us, as we also face many natural disasters.
The deadline is next Friday. I'm looking forward to your article.
Yours,
Li Hua
解析：Unit 5 Humans and Nature Writing Workshop—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第二册随堂小练
一、阅读理解
"Birds" and "airports" are two words that, paired together, don't normally paint the most harmonious picture. So it really raises some eyebrows when China announces plans to build an airport that is for birds.
Described as the world's first-ever bird airport, the proposed Lingang Bird Sanctuary(保护区) in the northern coastal city of Tianjin is, of course, not an actual airport. Rather, it's a wetland preserve specifically designed to accommodate hundreds even thousands of daily takeoffs and landings by birds traveling along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Over 50 species of migratory(迁徙的) water birds, some endangered, will stop and feed at the protected sanctuary before continuing their long journey along the flyway.
Located on a former landfill site, the 150-acre airport is also open to human travelers. (Half a million visitors are expected annually.) However, instead of duty-free shopping, the main attraction for non-egg-laying creatures at Tianjin's newest airport will be a green-roofed education and research center, a series of raised "observation platforms" and a network of scenic walking and cycling paths totaling over 4 miles.
"The proposed Bird Airport will be a globally significant sanctuary for endangered migratory bird species, while providing new green lungs for the city of Tianjin." Adrian McGregor of an Australian landscape architecture firm explained of the design. Frequently blanketed in smog so thick that it has shut down real airports, Tianjin is a city—China's fourth most populous—that would certainly benefit from a new pair of healthy green lungs.
1．What does the underlined phrase "non-egg-laying creatures" in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Visitors. B. Designers. C. Endangered water birds. D. Planes.
2．What do we know about the airport according to the passage
A. People cannot watch birds up close here.
B. It is located on a 150-acre landfill site.
C. It functions as an actual airport and a wetland preserve.
D. It provides migratory birds with food and shelter.
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. The airport will become a permanent home for birds.
B. Tianjin will win worldwide fame in the future.
C. Tianjin's air quality will improve thanks to the airport.
D. Tianjin will be able to accommodate more people.
4．What does this passage mainly tell us
A. Airports shut down and open up.
B. China is to open the first bird airport.
C. Airports turn into green lungs.
D. Birds are no longer enemies to airports.
5． When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren't there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: "Thanks for not using real apes(猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture(动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
1.Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard
A.To see famous film stars. B.To oppose wearing fur coats.
C.To raise money for animal protection. D.To express thanks to some filmmakers.
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The cost of making "Apes." B.The creation of digitalized apes.
C.The publicity about "Apes." D.The performance of real apes.
3.What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Listing completely. B.Directing professionally.
C.Promoting successfully. D.Watching carefully.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors
A.They may be badly treated. B.They should take further training.
C.They could be traded illegally. D.They would lose popularity.
6． Nature has provided us with many kinds of resources. It is like a great magician (魔术师), creating wonders on the Earth. One of them is the Amazon rainforest, the world's largest rainforest and home to millions of plants and animals. Nicknamed "the lungs of our planet", it produces about one-fifth of the Earth's oxygen. However, this wonderful natural wonder is now in danger.
Thousands of fires have broken out in Brazil, endangering much of the rainforest. These flames have lasted several weeks and are believed to be the "most intense" ,in almost ten years, according to BBC News.
The Amazon has seen a large number of fires in 2019. Between January and August, there were over 74,000 fires—the highest number since 2013, the BBC reported.
Forest fires are common during the dry season, which runs from July to October. They are usually caused by natural events like lightning. However, most of the fires this year are believed to be caused by farmers, who use fire as a traditional part of tropical agriculture(农业) to clean land, reported CNN.
"It's the best time to bum because the plants are dry. Farmers wait for the dry season and they start burning and clearing the areas so that their cattle can have grass," wrote the CNN meteorologist Haley Brink.
The disaster has raised concern(关注) around the world. The Amazon rainforest is important for preventing climate change, and absorbing millions of tons of carbon annually, said the BBC. When trees are cut down or burned, the rainforest's ability to absorb carbon is reduced.
Brazilian climate expert Carlos Nobre told Reuters he was worried. If more than 20 percent of the ecosystem is destroyed, the Amazon rainforest could reach a "tipping point (临界点)", where the thick jungle will turn into a tropical savannah (大草原).
Nobre warned that it was not far off, with between 15 and 17 percent of the rainforest having already been destroyed.
The Brazilian government has sent soldiers to fight the fires. Many people have offered their support and called for recovery efforts. For example, Tim Cook, CEO of Apple, said he wanted to donate money and the America actor Leonardo DiCaprio's environmental charity, Earth Alliance, created a donation fund to help deal with the disaster.
The public are also encouraged to donate to charities concerned with rainforest protection. "Every little bit helps in a bad situation like this," commented Gizmodo.
1.The underlined word "intense" probably means ________.
A.natural B.terrible C.common D.unexpected2.What2.What is the main cause of forest fires in the Amazon rainforest this year
A.Lightning. B.Hot weather.
C.Agricultural activities. D.Garbage left by tourists.
3.What was Nobre worried about in the article
A.Global temperatures will rise.
B.The Amazon rainforest is close to disappearing.
C.Animals in the Amazon rainforest are under threat.
D.It will take the Amazon rainforest several decades to recover.
4.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A.Efforts made to save the Amazon rainforest.
B.The possible future of the Amazon rainforest.
C.What the Brazilian government has done to fight fires.
D.Celebrities (名人) who care about rainforest protection.
二、七选五
7． As we "happen to be" the best creature in the world, it's our duty to look after other species. Here are some points which might help to protect wildlife.
Join organizations like Greenpeace and World Wildlife Fund. They have devoted themselves to protecting the earth and its animals. Many volunteers join organizations like these and work for the environment. ①_________
②_________ Don't buy anything made from ivory and things like this. Baby seals are hunted for their skin, as it is used to make expensive coats. Don't buy them.
③_________ You can write a heartfelt and logical letter to the government stating your ideas about this problem and how it can be solved.
Recycle and reuse. It will reduce the need to have more raw materials to produce something. ④_________ And wild animals' home will not be destroyed.
Governments should create more secure zones and national parks for wild animals. ⑤_________ Governments should apply strict laws to stop hunting.
I hope this post is helpful. Share your views about this issue and let your voice be heard.
A. Stop hunting for pleasure.
B. Let your voice be heard.
C. As a result, fewer trees will be cut down.
D. You can build a bird house and feed local birds.
E. Refuse fur coats and medicines made from rare animals.
F. You can find some organizations like these and join them.
G. There they will be able to move freely without worrying about hunters.
8．根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
Fish come in all kinds of shapes, sizes and colors. They first appeared in the oceans of the earth about 500 million years ago. Today there are tens of thousands of different kinds of fish and new species are discovered every year.
Where fish live
①_________ They preferably live in areas where warm and cold currents meet. And about 40% of fish species are in fresh water. Some of them live in the clear water of rivers while others prefer muddy pond water. A few types of fish can swim in both salt and fresh water.
Senses
Fish have organs that tell them what is happening in the water around them. They can see left and right at the same time. They not only can hear sounds in the water but can also sense sounds that happen on the surface. ②_________
Bodies of fish
Fish have no neck. The head and the body are combined. Most fish are shaped like cigars so that they can travel very quickly. Fish are cold-blooded. ③_________ The skin of most fish is made out of a special slippery substance. Fish breathe oxygen from the water they live in.
④_________
Fish were among the first animals hunted by primitive human beings. Millions of people all over the world depend on fish as a main form of nutrition. In many coastal countries, such as Japan or Norway, people depend on fishing to make a living. ⑤_________ They eat other sea animals and are eaten by other sea creatures, thus keeping up the balance of nature.
A.Dangers to fish
B.The importance of fish
C.Fish are a part of the food chain.
D.Most of the world's fish live in salt water.
E.Their body temperature changes with their surroundings.
F.Fish are also endangered by pollution of the world's oceans.
G.Fish can also feel water movements, thus feeling the dangers that approach them.
三、语法填空
9．He thinks the movie will be wonderful but it might be a little _____(scare) for younger children.
10．It has been reported that the _____(disappear) of the two port cities was caused by an underwater landslide.
四、书面表达
11．组句成篇
提示：将The natural world is beautiful. It has humans, animals and plants.和All living things share the natural world.句合并为一句；将We must try our best to protect nature.和We should reduce, reuse and recycle waste to protect nature.句合并为一句；用适当的过渡词连接。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据划线词前instead of duty-free shopping 及划线词后a green-roofed education and research center, a series of raised "observation platforms" and a network of scenic walking and cycling paths totaling over 4 miles 可知, 天津“候鸟机场”保护区对游客的主要吸引力将是一个绿色屋顶的教育和研究中心, 观赏台以及一个总长超过4英里的风景优美的步行道和自行车道组成的网状系统, 而不是免税购物, 由此可知划线词词义为“游客”, 故A项正确。
2．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中"over 50 species of migratory water birds, some endangered, will stop and feed at the protected sanctuary before continuing their long journey along the flyway." 可知, 候鸟可以在机场保护区停留和吃东西, 然后继续飞行, 也就是说机场保护区可以为候鸟提供食物和住所, 故D项正确。
3．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 天津的空气质量和环境会因为这个“候鸟机场”保护区得到很大的改善, 故C 项正确。
4．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文, 特别是根据第二段可知, 本文主要介绍了中国将在天津建立“候鸟机场”保护区的计划以及具体规划内容和其重大意义, 故B项正确。
5．答案：1-4 DBDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: 'Thanks for not using real apes!' "可知, 动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
2.段落大意题。通读第二段可知, 第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
3.词义猜测题。根据第三段画线前的句子"One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment"以及下文"Already, a number of films, including 'Water for Elephants,' 'The Hangover Part Ⅱ' and 'Zookeeper,' have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly."可知, 该非营利性组织旨在监督电影娱乐业对待动物的方式。由此判断出, 画线短语与monitor(监督)意义最为接近, 意为"密切关注"。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 在某些情况下, 让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇; 令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
6．1-4.BCBA1-4.BCBA
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马孙热带雨林处境危险及巴西政府和许多人为修复雨林做的一些工作。
1.词义猜测题。画线词前的These flames have lasted several weeks(这些大火已经持续了几周了)说明火势的凶险,解题思路句子可知,画线词是来形容这些大火的,故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句However, most of the fires this year are believed to be caused by farmers, who use fire as a traditional part of tropical agriculture(农业) to clean land, reported CNN.可知,亚马孙热带雨林的大火与农业活动有关,故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第七段Brazilian climate expert Carlos Nobre told Reuters he was worried. If more than 20 percent of the ecosystem is destroyed, the Amazon rainforest could reach a 'tipping point(临界点)', where the thick jungle will turn into a tropical savannah(大草原).可知,Nobre担心亚马孙热带雨林会消失,故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段前两句The Brazilian government has sent soldiers to fight the fires. Many people have offered their support and called for recovery efforts.以及最后段 The public are also encouraged to...可知,社会各界都做出努力来拯救亚马孙热带雨林,故选A。
7．答案：FEBCG
解析：①根据空前句Many volunteers join organizations like these and work for the environment.(许多志愿者加入像这样的组织,为环境工作。)可知,你可以参加一些这样的组织。故选F。
②根据下文Baby seals are hunted for their skin, as it is used to make expensive coats.(人们猎杀海豹幼崽是为了它们的皮,因为它被用来制作昂贵的大衣。)可知,要拒绝毛皮大衣和稀有动物做成的药。故选E。
③根据空后句You can write a heartfelt and logical letter to the government stating your ideas about this problem and how it can be solved.(你可以给政府写一封真诚的、合乎情理的信,陈述你对这个问题的看法以及如何解决它。)可知,要说出你的心声。故选B。
④根据空后句And wild animals' home will not be destroyed.(并且野生动物的家园不会被摧毁。)可知C项符合语境。
⑤根据空前句Governments should create more secure zones and national parks for wild animals.(政府应该为野生动物建立更多的安全区和国家公园。)可知,有了安全区,野生动物就可以自由走动,不用担心狩猎者。故选G。
8．答案：①-⑤ DGEBC
解析：①根据下文“And about 40% of fish species are in fresh water.(大约40%的鱼类生活在淡水中。)”以及本段小标题“Where fish live(鱼生活在哪里）”可知，大多数鱼是生活在咸水中的。D选项“Most of the world's fish live in salt water.(世界上大多数的鱼生活在咸水中。）”符合语境，故选D。
②根据上文“Fish have organs that tell them what is happening in the water around them.(鱼的器官告诉它们周围的水里发生了什么。）”可知，本段内容与鱼的感官有关。G选项“Fish can also feel water movements, thus feeling the dangers that approach them.(鱼也能感觉到水的运动，从而感觉到接近它们的危险。）”符合语境，故选G。
③根据上文“Fish are cold-blooded.（鱼是冷血动物。）”可知，空处与鱼的体温有关。E选项“Their body temperature changes with their surroundings.(它们的体温随着周围环境的变化而变化。）”符合语境，故选E。
④根据下文“Millions of people all over the world depend on fish as a main form of nutrition.(全世界有数百万人以鱼为主要营养来源。）”可知，本段是讲述鱼的重要性。B选项“The importance of fish(鱼的重要性）”适合作为本段小标题，故选B。
⑤根据下文“They eat other sea animals and are eaten by other sea creatures, thus keeping up the balance of nature.(它们吃其他海洋动物，也被其他海洋生物吃，从而保持了自然界的平衡。）”可知，鱼是食物链的一部分。C 选项“Fish are a part of the food chain.(鱼是食物链的一部分。）”符合语境，故选C。
9．答案：scary
解析：句意为:他觉得这将会是一部很精彩的电影,但对于年龄小一点的孩子来说可能会有些吓人。设空处作表语,且其前有a little修饰,应用形容词,表示“吓人的;可怕的”。故填scary。
10．答案：disappearance
解析：句意为:据报道,这两个港口城市的消失是水下滑坡造成的。设空处作从句主语,根据设空处前的the及后面的of可知,设空处应用名词形式。故填disappearance。
11．答案：
The natural world is beautiful and is shared by all living things: humans, animals and plants. We can explore nature but we must not harm it. Human behaviour causes s environmental problems. Some natural disasters are due to human activities such as drought, floods and landslides. We must try our best to protect nature including reducing, reusing and recycling waste. If we work together, we can protect nature for future generations.
解析：Unit 5 Humans and Nature Topic Talk & Lesson 1 A Sea Story—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第二册随堂小练
一、阅读理解
1． Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history.
Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, or simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the world forever.
Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger. Why should people care Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more.
Animals are more than just beautiful and interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks (鹰), the com and grain they stored would be destroyed by rats and mice. Why Because hawks eat rats and mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiply (繁殖) quickly.
Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws to protect animals in danger.
Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animal on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.
1.Why do people kill animals
A.They kill animals to raise money. B.Animals destroy their natural resources.
C.Animals create many problems. D.They kill animals for something they need.
2.What has happened to the animals on the earth
A.Millions of kinds of animals have disappeared forever.
B.Many kinds of animals have died out.
C.About 170 kinds of animals have disappeared forever.
D.All kinds of animals are in danger.
3.Why are animals important to us
A.They give us a source of food. B.They are beautiful and lovely.
C.They keep the balance of nature. D.They give us a lot of pleasure.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Every person will know the importance of protecting wild animals.
B.Animals in danger will not be killed any more.
C.The number of some animals in danger will increase.
D.Animals in danger will be kept away from people.
2． A year ago, I decided to create a more environmentally friendly kitchen, focusing on reducing the single-use products such as plastic bags and paper towels. I'm not going to sugar-coat my experience. It takes commitment and a willingness to change long-held habits. In creating my kitchen, I tried a lot of different alternative products and some plain old stuff ; the result, however, has been worth the effort. I'm recycling more and relying less on single-use products and I'm saving money too.
I'm not kidding when I say that I used to really love plastic storage bags, so this was, perhaps, the biggest challenge for me. Switching to reusable storage bags is a financial investment, but the cost is reasonable considering that I previously spent at least $100 annually on single-use plastic bags and wrap. I will check online periodically for recycling updates, where a zero-waste box for kitchen items is offered, from party supplies to mixed-material food containers.
I'm a clean freak(怪人) and used to go through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis, but it's easy enough to take old T-shirts or towels and cut them up to use to wipe down surfaces. I'm also a fan of bamboo paper towels, which have the look and feel of traditional paper towels, yet are made from a highly renewable source and also break down in just 45 days. Better yet, they can be reused up to 100 times. As for kitchen sponges (海绵块), I keep an eye out for those made with natural and recyclable materials.
When purchasing household items online from companies like Amazon or Jet, I will ask to have them shipped in as few boxes as possible or as small a box as possible if a single item is to be sent. I'll let the company know that they should pay more attention to the packaging of the delivery.
1.What is the author's main purpose of creating her kitchen
A.To save money. B.To reduce waste and recycle more.
C.To change her long-held habits. D.To make it cleaner and more practical.
2.What does the underlined word "sugar-coat" in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Make attractive. B.Get interested. C.Show off. D.Give up.
3.In creating her kitchen, what does the author do
A.Begins to recycle more single-use plastic bags.
B.Goes through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis.
C.Checks online periodically to buy a zero-waste box.
D.Chooses to use the recyclable or reusable kitchen items.
4.What can we learn about the author from the text
A.She has strong environmental awareness.
B.She is now used to traditional paper towels.
C.She has a good knowledge of financial investment.
D.She prefers to have her purchases packed in small boxes.
3．Emperor Penguins
Emperor penguins are considered the most beautiful and the largest of all penguins. They are amazing birds. They are good survivors, excellent swimmers and great parents. Do you know where we can see them
You are absolutely right! Antarctica. Only Antarctica!
Antarctica is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly covered with ice. It is colder, drier and windier than any other place on the Earth. The lowest temperature can reach -89.2℃. In order to survive the extremely tough environment, emperor penguins have to cooperate. They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside.
Emperor penguins live on a diet which consists of different types of fish and other kinds of sea life. To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin. Their dives often reach about 244 metres, and they can even dive to more than 535 metres when necessary. They can remain under water for almost 18 minutes, longer than any other kind of penguin.
Emperor penguins have a very hard time bringing up their babies. They have to go to great lengths to care for their children. After laying an egg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave the family behind to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg. For two months, the father, whose duty is to keep the egg safe and warm, carries his egg around on his feet and will give up eating until the mother returns. He does not sit on the egg like many other birds, but stands and balances it on his feet. Thus he is at the mercy of the Antarctic weather. When the mother returns from the sea, sometimes up to 60—80 kilometres away, she throws up some of the food for the chick and takes the male's place to look after it. The father then takes his turn to feed at sea. This cooperative parenting approach is at its finest.
By December, during the Antarctic summer, when the ice begins to break up and open water appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and great parents on their own. What an amazing cycle it is!
1.What's the meaning of the underlined word "cooperate" in the third paragraph
A.Work together. B.Fight against cold.
C.Protect themselves. D.Move to warm places.
2.Emperor penguins ________.
A.feed on only certain types of fish
B.live in the most terrible weather conditions
C.are amazing birds that can both fly and swim
D.staypenguins3.What3.What longer than other penguins3.What3.What can we learn about emperor penguins
A.They are great parents who sit on eggs to keep them warm.
B.They are the most beautiful and the largest birds in the world.
C.They are good survivors and they move to warm places in winter.
D.They are excellent swimmers and they can dive deeper than other penguins.
4.What can we infer from the passage
A.The chicks break up the eggshells in summer.
B.An emperor penguin lays several eggs at a time.
C.The male emperor penguins hatch the eggs in winter.
D.The chicks are ready to live on their own one year later.
二、七选五
4．Living with an animal is like living with a human friend. Here are some suggestions for a pet owner.
Be calm. Try to always be calm when dealing with your pets, whatever they've done. If you're upset at them, take a moment to calm yourself down first. ①_____ Also make your movements gentle and slow.
Be the boss. ②_____ Set aside time to practice these rules with your pet each day. If your pet breaks a rule, use body language to let them know it is not okay.
③_____ Just be in the same room with them. Let them be near you while you make dinner, watch TV or read a book. The more you're around one another, the better chances you have of becoming friends.
Never use violent actions or language. If your pet does something you disagree with, don't physically hurt them or scream at them. ④_____ However, what you really want is not their fear but love.
See the world through your pet's eyes. Be empathetic（设身处地的）when dealing with your pet. You don't know what's going on in its mind. So it's best to try to read its body language and imagine what it must be going through. ⑤_____
A. Be patient.
B. Set rules and stick to them.
C. Stay with your pets often.
D. Hurting them will make them fear.
E. In these ways you can treat it as well as possible.
F. Taking a deep breath is a useful way to keep calm.
G. Body language is different depending on the animals.
5．The Amazon Rainforest: A Natural Treasure
Welcome to the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries. With an area of 5.5 million square kilometers, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6,400 kilometers in length. On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems. ①_____
The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. ②_____ Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, and is home to different kinds of living things.
More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life. The jaguar(美洲豹) is one example. It has yellowish-brown coat with black spots. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain. ③_____ These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen. ④_____ Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us.
⑤_____ As the impact of human activities such as agriculture and cattle fanning continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the "lungs of the planet"
A.They feed on many species, including frogs.
B.Thus, it's often known as the "lungs of the planet".
C.Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest.
D.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.
E.They give this area the richest species of plants and animals on the Earth.
F.Currently the trees in the Amazon rainforest absorb around 500 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide each year.
G.Over the past 50 years, 17 percent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities.
三、语法填空
6．The reason _____ I love music is that the piece of music named Fate Symphony by Beethoven has inspired me a lot to move on when I am in difficulty.
7．In this chapter, cases will be introduced to readers _____ consumers' complaints have resulted in the changes of the laws.
参考答案
1．答案：1-4 DBCC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, or simply because they were in the way.可知，人们杀死动物，以获得它们的皮毛、把它们当作食物或（把捕杀动物当作一种）运动方式，或者只是因为它们碍事。即人们杀死动物以获得他们需要的东西。故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the world forever.可知，很多动物已经灭绝了，故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段第三、四句Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems.可知，动物可以维持自然的平衡，故选C项。
4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.可知，一些濒危动物的数量将会上涨，故选C项。
2．1-4.BADA1-4.BADA
解析：本文是一篇记叙文。为了减少一次性产品的使用,作者建了一个环保厨房,并且改变了自己的很多生活习惯,使用更环保的产品。
1.细节理解题。由第一段第一句"A year ago, I decided to create a more environmentally friendly kitchen, focusing on reducing the single-use products such as plastic bags and paper towels."可知,一年前,作者想要建一个环保的厨房,这样就可减少使用像塑料袋和纸巾这样的一次性产品。由此可知,作者创建厨房的主要目的是减少浪费和循环利用更多物品。故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。由第一段第三句"It takes commitment and a willingness to change long-held habits."可知,作者建环保厨房,改变长期的生活习惯是她自己做出的承诺并且是心甘情愿的,而并不是美化自己的经历,使其变得有吸引力。所以sugar-coat表示“美化,使……有吸引力”。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。由第一段中的"I tried a lot of different alternative products and some plain old stuff; the result, however, has been worth the effort. I'm recycling more and relying less on single-use products and I'm saving money too."可知,在这个厨房里,作者试着使用许多替代产品和一些普通又旧式的东西,最终她重复使用的次数变多了,而且对一次性产品的依赖越来越低,同时也节省了钱。由此可知,在创建她的厨房时,作者选择了可循环利用或可多次使用的厨房用品,故选D项。
4.推理判断题。由第三段第一句"I'm a clean freak(怪人) and used to go through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis, but it's easy enough to take old T-shirts or towels and cut them up to use to wipe down surfaces."可知,作者曾经习惯每天使用一定数量的纸巾,但是现在作者用旧衣服或毛巾,而B项是说作者现在习惯使用传统的纸巾,与原文不符,故排除B项;C项“她精通金融投资”原文未提及;由最后一段第一句"When purchasing household items online from companies like Amazon or Jet, I will ask to have them shipped in as few boxes as possible or as small a box as possible if a single item is to be sent."可知,作者在网上购物时,会让卖家尽可能用最少的盒子或最小的盒子来包装她买的东西,作者是根据自己所买东西来确定使用包装盒子的数量和大小,而并不是她偏爱用小盒子包装她的东西,显然D项与原文不符,故排除D项;由第一段第一句"A year ago, I decided to create a more environmentally friendly kitchen, focusing on reducing the single-use products such as plastic bags and paper towels."可知,作者为了减少一次性产品的使用而建了一个环保的厨房,所以从文中我们可以知道作者是一个环保意识很强的人,故选A项。
3．答案：1-4.ABDC
解析：本文是一篇说明文,介绍了生活在南极的帝企鹅。
1.词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句"They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside."可知,为了在极其恶劣的环境下生存它们必须“合作”。所以画线词的意思是“合作”。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段前三句对帝企鹅生存环境的描述可知,帝企鹅生活在最恶劣的天气条件下。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段第二句"To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin."可知,帝企鹅是优秀的游泳者,它们可以比其他企鹅潜得更深。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第三句"After laying an egg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave the family behind to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg."和倒数第一段第一句"By December, during the Antarctic summer, when the ice begins to break up and open water appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and great parents on their own."可推知,雄性帝企鹅在冬天孵蛋。故选C。
4．答案：①-⑤ FBCDE
解析：①根据上文“Be calm. Try to always be calm when dealing with your pets, whatever they've done. If you're upset at them, take a moment to calm yourself down first.(保持冷静。不管你的宠物做了什么，都要尽力保持冷静。如果你对它们感到不安，先花点时间让自己冷静下来。）”可知，本段主要说明了要冷静，F选项中的“keep calm”对应上文中的“calm yourself down”。故F选项“深呼吸是保持冷静的有效方法。”符合语境，故选F。
②根据下文“Set aside time to practice these rules with your pet each day. If your pet breaks a rule, use body language to let them know it is not okay.(每天抽出时间和你的宠物一起练习这些规则。如果你的宠物违反了规则，用肢体语言让它们知道这是不对的。)”可知，下文提到了和宠物练习规则，B选项中的rules对应下文中的“these rules”。故B选项“制定规则并坚持执行。”符合语境，故选B。
③根据下文“Just be in the same room with them. Let them be near you while you make dinner, watch TV or read a book. The more you're around one another, the better chances you have of becoming friends.(和它们待在一个房间里就行了。当你做饭、看电视或读书时，让它们在你身边。你们在一起的时间越长，就越有可能成为朋友。）”可知，下文提到了和宠物待在一个房间里，即经常和宠物在一起，故C选项“经常和你的宠物待在一起。”符合语境，故选C。
④根据上文“Never use violent actions or language. If your pet does something you disagree with, don't physically hurt them or scream at them.(不要使用暴力行为或语言。如果你的宠物做了一些你不同意的事情，不要对它们进行身体上的伤害或对它们吼叫。)”以及下文“However, what you really want is not their fear but love.(然而，你真正想要的不是它们的恐惧，而是爱。)”可知，上文提到不要使用暴力行为或语言，下文则提到了宠物的恐惧，由此可知伤害宠物会让宠物恐惧。故D选项“伤害它们将会使它们害怕。”符合语境，故选D。
⑤根据上文“See the world through your pet's eyes. Be empathetic when dealing with your pet. You don't know what's going on in its mind. So it's best to try to read its body language and imagine what it must be going through.(通过你的宠物的眼睛看世界。和宠物相处时要有同理心。你不知道它在想什么。所以最好试着读懂它的肢体语言，想象它正在经历什么。）”可知，本段为文章最后一段，结合上文介绍了与宠物相处的方法，可知本段再次呼应主题，指出通过这些方法来好好地对待宠物。故E选项“通过这些方法，你可以尽可能好地对待它。”符合语境，故选E。
5．答案：①-⑤ EDABG
解析：①过渡句。由上句On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems.以及下文具体介绍亚马逊雨林的各种动植物可知, 设空处起到承上启下的过渡作用。E项(它们给这个地区带来了地球上最丰富的动植物物种。)符合语境, 故选E。
②细节句。根据空前Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.及空后Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.可知, 设空处应是起到衔接作用, 从下至上介绍亚马逊雨林每一层的生物形式, 故选D。
③细节句。根据空后These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.中的These frogs可知, frogs应在上文出现过。但文中没有, 则必然在此空中, 故选A。
④细节句。根据空前一句(亚马逊雨林通过吸收二氧化碳, 产生全球超过20%的氧气, 给地球带来生机。)可知, 设空处是对前一句的补充说明。B项(因此, 它经常被称作"地球之肺"。)符合语境, 且承接上句, 故选B。
⑤过渡句。上一段最后一句指出亚马逊雨林面临我们人类所带来的威胁, 此空后进一步说明人类对亚马逊雨林的威胁所带来的后果, G项(在过去的50年里, 17%的雨林由于人类活动而消失。)衔接上下文, 故选G。
6．答案： why
解析：句意为:我之所以喜欢音乐,是因为贝多芬的《命运交响曲》这首音乐在我遇到困难的时候给了我很多鼓励,让我继续前进。解题思路句子结构可知,设空处在句中引导定语从句,修饰名词reason,设空处在句中作原因状语,故用why引导该从句。
7．答案： where
解析：句意为:本章会为读者介绍一些案例。在这些案例中,消费者的投诉导致了法令的变更。解题思路句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词cases为抽象地点名词,关系词在从句中充当地点状语,故填where。Unit 5 Humans and Nature Lesson 2 Professional Rescue Team—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第二册随堂小练
一、阅读理解
1． The tons of plastic we're dumping in the oceans is finding a new home — the stomachs of our beautiful marine animals. Yet another reminder of this fact washed ashore in Eastern Indonesia this week. A large amount of waste, including drinking cups and flip-flops, was found in the stomach of a whale that died off the coast near Kapota Island.
The 9. 5-metre sperm whale (抹香鲸) was found by rescuers from the Wakatobi National Park. The whale had swallowed 5. 9 kilograms of plastic waste containing 115 plastic cups, four plastic bottles, 25 plastic bags, and more than 1,000 other kinds of pieces of plastic, park chief Heri Santoso told the reporter.
"Although we have not been able to deduce the cause of death, the facts that we see are truly awful," said Dwi Suprapti, a marine species conservation coordinator at WWF Indonesia. She said it was not possible to determine if the plastic had caused the whale's death because of the animal's advanced state of decay (腐烂). But this is only the latest.
Four Asian nations—Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand —account for 50% of the plastic waste in the oceans, according to a report by environmental campaigner Ocean Conservancy and the McKinsey Center for Business and Environment. The Philippines is second to Indonesia when it comes to putting away plastic waste in the oceans, according to a study published in the journal Science in January. Of the 3. 2 million mismanaged waste it produces every year, I. 29 million ends up in the ocean.
A report released earlier this year stated that the amount of plastic in the ocean is likely to increase.
1. What can we know about the sperm whale
A. Its stomach is the home of plastic waste. B. It died of swallowing lots of plastic waste.
C. It was the first whale to eat plastic waste. D. It had eaten much plastic waste before its death.
2. Which can best replace the underlined word "deduce" in Paragraph 3
A. confirm B. cause C. approve D. contain
3. Which country dumps the most plastic waste in to the oceans
A. Thailand. B. Indonesia. C. Vietnam. D. Philippines.
4. What's the main idea of the passage
A. Philippines puts away 1. 29 million tons of plastic.
B. A sperm whale was found dead near Kapota Island
C. Much dumped plastic waste was found in a dead whale.
D. We should take measures to reduce the waste in whales.
2． If maths is the language of the universe, bees may have just uttered their first words. New research suggests these busybodies of the insect world are capable of addition and subtraction(减法)—using colors in place of plus and minus symbols.
In the animal kingdom, the ability to count—or at least distinguish between different quantities—isn't unusual: It has been seen in frogs, spiders, and even fish. But solving equations(方程式) using symbols is rare, so far only achieved by famously brainy animals such as chimpanzees and African grey parrots.
Building on previous research that says the social insects can count to four and understand the concept of zero, researchers wanted to test the limits of what their tiny brains could do.
Scientists trained 14 bees to link blue and yellow to addition and subtraction respectively. They placed the bees at the entrance of a Y-shaped maze(迷宫), where they were shown several shapes in either yellow or blue. If the shapes were blue, bees got a reward if they went to the end of the maze with one more blue shape (the other end had one less blue shape); if the shapes were yellow, they got a reward if they went to the end of the maze with one less yellow shape.
The testing worked the same way: Bees that "subtracted" one shape when they saw yellow, or "added" one shape when they saw blue were considered to have aced the test. The bees got the right answer 63% to 72% of the time, depending on the type of the equation and the direction of the right answer—much better than random guesses would allow—the researchers report today in Science Advances.
Though the results came from just 14 bees, researchers said the advance was exciting. If a brain about 20,000 times smaller than ours can perform maths using symbols, it could pave the way to novel approaches in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. Just don't ask the bees to do your homework anytime soon.
1. Why do the scientists conduct the research on bees
A. To teach them maths.
B. To test the power of tiny brains.
C. To explain the meaning of colors.
D. To get access to machine learning.
2. What does the underlined word "aced" in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Given up. B. Entered for.
C. Got through. D. Checked out.
3. What might the research make contributions to
A. Language acquisition. B. Arithmetic learning.
C. The protection of animals. D. The development of AI.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A. Bees "Like" Counting
B. Bees "Tell" Colors Apart
C. Bees "Perform" Maths Using Shapes
D. Bees "Get" Addition and Subtraction
3． Earthquake rescue robots experienced their final tests in Beijing. Their designers said with these robots, rescuers would be able to buy more time to save lives during an earthquake.
This kind of robot looking like a helicopter is a flying robot. It's about 3 metres long, and it took about 4 years to develop the model. Its main functions (作用) are to collect information from the air, and send goods of up to 30 kilos to people trapped by an earthquake. It has a high-definition 360-degree panoramic (全景的) camera. It can work day and night and is also able to send the latest pictures from the quake area.
Dr Qi Junlong, a researcher at Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, "The most important feature of this flying robot is that it doesn't need a distant control. We just set the destination information on it, and then it takes off, and lands by itself. It flies as high as 3,000 metres, and as fast as 100 kilometres per hour."
This robot has a different function—it can change as the environment changes. Its main job is to search for any signs of life in places where human rescuers are unable to go. As well as a detector (探测器) that finds victims and detects poisonous gases, a camera is placed in the 3-metre-long robot, which can work in the dark. Another use for the rescuers is the supply bot. With its 10-metre-long pipe, people who are trapped in the ruins will be able to get supplies including oxygen and liquids.
Experts have said that the robots would enter production and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as soon as possible.
1. What does Dr Qi Juntong think makes this robot mainly different from the others
A.It has more functions.
B.It has a unique shape.
C.It has more advanced cameras.
D.It can work by itself once given the information.
2.What does the underlined word "which" in paragraph 4 refer to
A. A camera. B. A detector. C. A rescuer. D. A supply.
3.What can we learn about this robot from the text
A.It is carried by the helicopter.
B.It weighs about 30 kilos.
C.It is a machine with a length of 10 metres.
D.It hasn't been put into production so far.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.What the robot looks like.
B.An introduction to a robot.
C.How the robot is made.
D.Information about earthquakes.
二、语法填空
4．Body language is particularly important when we attempt _____(communicate) across culture.
5．Caring for the environment is becoming more and more important, because the earth's natural resources _____(run) out.
三、书面表达
6．组句成篇。
提示：把As we know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and landslides can cause death and other damage.和The damage is hard to measure.句合并为一个定语从句；把For example at an earthquake site, they use search and rescue vehicles and trained dogs to look for people.和These people are still alive.还有We try our best to save them.合并为一个复杂的定语从句。适当增加过渡词。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：1-4 DABC
解析：1.细节理解题。答案定位在第二段"The whale had swallowed5.9 kilograms of plastic waste containing 115 plastic cups, four plastic bottles, 25 plastic bags, and more than 1,000 other kinds of pieces of plastic, park chief Heri Santoso told the reporter"(公园园长Heri Santoso告诉记者,这条鲸鱼吞下了 5. 9公斤的塑料垃圾,其中包括115个塑料杯、4个塑料瓶、25个塑料袋,以及 1000多块其他种类的塑料),由此可知,这条抹香鲸在死前,吃了很多塑料垃圾。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。根据下文"She said it was not possible to determine if the plastic had caused the whale's death because of the animal's advanced state of decay"(她说,不可能确定塑料是否是导致鲸鱼死亡的原因,因为鲸鱼的腐烂已经到了晚期)推断出, "Although we have not been able to deduce the cause of death, the facts that we see are truly awful"的意思是“虽然我们还不肯旨证实抹香鲸死亡的原因,但我们看到的事实确实很可怕”"deduce"的意思是“证实”。A. confirm证实;B. cause造成;C approve赞成; D. contain包含。故选A。
3.细节理解题。答案定位在第四段"The Philippines is second to Indonesia when it comes to putting away plastic waste in the oceans, according to a study published in the journal Sciemce in January"(今年I月发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究显示,在向海洋中丢弃塑料垃圾方面,菲律宾仅次于印度尼西亚),由此可知,印度尼西亚向海洋倾倒的塑料垃圾最多。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。第一段"A large amount of waste, including drinking cups and flip-flops, was found in the stomach of a whale that died off the coast; near Kapota Island"(在 Kapota 岛附近海域死亡的一头鲸鱼的胃里发现了大量垃圾,包括杯子和人字拖)是全文的主题句,结合全文内容可知,这篇文章主要讲了在一头死鲸胃里,发现了大量倾倒的塑料垃圾。故选C。
2．答案：1-4 BCDD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“researchers wanted to test the limits of what their tiny brains could do”可知,研究者们开展这项研究是为了测试蜜蜂的很小的大脑的能力。故B选项正确。
2.词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Scientists trained 14 bees to link blue and yellow to addition and subtraction respectively”和“blue...yellowblue...yellowblue...yellow shape.”可知，蓝色代表着加，黄色代表着减，那么当蜜蜂看到黄色时“减去”一个形状，或者当它们看到蓝色时“增加”一个形状，这说明蜜蜂通过了测试。因此画线词aced与got through“通过”意义一致。故C选项正确。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第一段中的“If a brain about 20，000 times smaller than ours car perform maths using symbols, it could pave the way to novel approaches in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning.”可知，这项研究也许能为人工智能的发展做出贡献。故D选项正确。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了对蜜蜂是否能够进行加减法运算的研究，因此D项“蜜蜂‘会’加减法”适合作本文最佳标题。故D选项正确。
3．答案：1-4 DADB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的The most important feature of this flying robot is that it doesn't need a distant control. We just set the destination information on it, and then it takes off, and lands by itself.可知，这个机器人不需要远程控制，一旦给它输入信息它就可以自己行动，这是与其他机器人不一样的地方。故选D项。
2.词义猜测题。根据第四段中的As well as a detector that finds victims and detects poisonous gases, a camera is placed in the 3-metre-long robot, which can work in the dark.可知，除了能发现受害者和检测有毒气体以外，这种3米长的机器人还装有一台相机，它可以在黑暗中工作。所以which指代的是a camera。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段production...asid that the robots would enter production...as soon as possible.可知这款机器人会尽快投入生产和应用。
4.主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款即将投入生产的用于地震救灾的机器人。故选B项。
4．答案：to communicate
解析：句意为:当我们试图进行跨文化交流时,肢体语言尤为重要。attempt to do sth为固定搭配,意为“试图/尝试做某事”。故填 to communicate。
5．答案：are running
解析：句意为:保护环境变得越来越重要,因为地球的自然资源即将耗尽。设空处作从句谓语,run out意为“用完;耗尽”,此处表示动作正在进行,应用现在进行时;由从句主语natural resources 可知,助动词应用are。故填are running。
6．答案：
As we know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and landslides can cause death and other damage that is hard to measure. But what do professional rescue teams do when a natural disaster happens？
In the rescue attempts, their first and most important goal is to save lives. For example at an earthquake site, they use search and rescue vehicles and trained dogs to look for anyone who is still alive and try their best to save them. It's a battle against time. And we can't imagine how much pressure they are under. But it's their duty to try their best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.
解析：Unit 5 Humans and Nature Lesson 3 Race to the Pole—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第二册随堂小练
一、阅读理解
1．p.m.On the day the tornado(龙卷风) hit ,there was no sign that fierce weather was on its way—the sky was blue and the sun had been out. The first warning my husband, Jimmy, 67, and I, 65, got came around 9 p.m.,from some text on the TV Jimmy was watching. He ran upstairs to find me in our third-floor bedroom, and we changed the channel from the national television to our local Pensacola station, Florida.
Soon the tornado was on top of us. It was the loudest thing I had ever heard. The bones of the house shook. The power broke down. The wind began to roar(咆哮) through the house,most likely through blown-out windows and the door to our garage. Everything was moving. And the back wall of the house came off and flew into the darkness outside. We had three flights of steps to get to the storeroom down there, the relative safety of the first floor.
I didn't know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there were no floor underneath me as the wind lifted me off my feet. As we finally reached the last flight of steps, our front door blew out. Suddenly, a three-foot-long tree branch flew over our heads, missing us by inches.
By the time I reached the storeroom, the tornado had been over us for about a minute. Jimmy pushed me down to the storeroom floor, but he couldn't get inside himself because of the wind. I held Jimmy's arm as the tornado blew the door open. My knees were full of glass, but I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house.
All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn't believe it was over. Our neighbor said the storm lasted four minutes. In that time, four of the twelve town houses in our unit were completely destroyed. Amazingly, none of us were seriously injured.
1.Where did the couple learn about the coming fierce weather
A.From the dark sky. B.From the national station.
C.From the local news report. D.From the text sent by their neighbors.
2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2 about the couple
A.They were hit by a tree branch. B.They tried to get out of the house.
C.Their garage was blown to pieces. D.Their house was badly destroyed.
3.What do we know about Jimmy when the author reached the storeroom
A.He was in great danger. B.He flew out of the house.
C.He was seriously injured. D.He got inside the storeroom.
2． In the past 50 years, the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold. In coastal water bodies, including river mouths and seas, low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950. Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as the Earth warms.
"Oxygen is fundamental to life in the ocean," said Denise Breitburg, a marine ecologist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. "The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth's environment. Actually, it's a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism, including hotels, restaurants, taxis and everything else. The reverberations (影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive."
In areas traditionally called "dead zones", like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, oxygen plummets(暴跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and they're easier to be attacked or caught. But the problem goes far beyond "dead zones". Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals, hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death. It also can cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. While some animals can boom in "dead zones", overall biodiversity falls.
Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean. Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean. Furthermore, as the ocean as a whole gets warmer, it holds less oxygen. In coastal waters, too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms, which run out of oxygen as they die and break down.
People's livelihoods are also on the line, the scientists reported, especially in developing nations. Smaller fisheries (渔场) may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere. So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war.
1.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
A.The ocean has been losing its oxygen. B.The amount of sea water is increasing.
C.The coastal water bodies are dangerous. D.The Earth becomes warmer and warmer.
2.What can we infer from Denise Breitburg's words
A.Different oceans have different levels of oxygen.
B.The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences.
C.The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen.
D.The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environment problem.
3.How does the "dead zone" affect sea animals
A.It offers more food. B.It forms dangerous gas.
C.It reduces their living areas. D.It produces more carbon dioxide.
4.How can we win the war according to the text
A.By closing smaller fisheries. B.By controlling humans' bad activities.
C.By improving people's living standards. D.By stopping nutrients entering the ocean.
3．Adventure-seeker Emma broke her ankle when she fell awkwardly while climbing a rock and spent a week in hospital waiting for an operation on her foot. When she was sent home to recover under strict instructions not to bear any weight, she became so fearful of crutches (拐杖)that she didn't move for three weeks. "I tried crutches but I kept falling over and injuring myself. So I literally just stayed on the sofa all day," says Emma.
She was gutted at the thought of missing the Wolf Run-a quarterly event that she hasn't missed since 2014. "If you complete four Wolf Runs in a year, one in each season, you get Alpha Wolf status," explains Emma. "This year was going to be my fifth in a row as an Alpha Wolf and I was really upset that I'd lose my status." So she was willing to try anything to get through the course-even with her injured ankle.
"I was telling my friend that I was going to cancel, and he persuaded me to give it a go. Having something to aim for really kept me going." Emma completed the run wearing an iWALK2. 0, which is a medically-approved device and it basically functions like a hi-tech artificial leg, allowing users to walk freely. I decided to get one and it completely changed my recovery. I could move around the house and start getting out and about again, which had a real impact on my mental well-being. "
On the day of the race, Emma was nervous but the sound of people cheering her on kept her motivated. Emma made it over the finish line in just under six hours and clocked up her 23 rd Wolf Run in five years." It was an incredible day and my determination to finish combined with the support I received along the way kept me going," says Emma.
1. Why was Emma frightened to use a crutch
A. She was afraid of recovering slowly. B. She was warned not to move around.
C. She just had an operation on her foot. D. She often got injured when using one.
2. What does the underlined word "gutted" mean in Paragraph 2
A. Extremely sad. B. A bit relieved. C. Very surprised. D. Pretty cheerful.
3. What actually made Emma take part in the race
A. Her new hi-tech artificial leg. B. Her fear of letting her friend down.
C. Her strong desire to achieve her ambition. D. Her complete recovery from the operation.
4. Which of the following best describes Emma
A. Strong-willed. B. Supportive. C. Creative. D. Humorous.
二、七选五
4．Urban Wildlife
Cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to visitors, a large number of species share our urban areas. As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbors.
Cities are built for humans. ①________ For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plants, we destroy natural habitats, which leads to the imbalance of ecology.
②________ When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was home to thousands of bats. ③________ Now, they have come to value their winged neighbors. The bats become a tourist attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park used native plants, and created open and natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo. ④________
If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbors of the wildlife around us. ⑤________ Our own future will be endangered too.
A. They are built to protect birds.
B. Our actions sometimes help other species.
C. If we do not, more species will become extinct.
D. They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife.
E. Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move more freely.
F. At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them.
G. They would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the water.
5．Do you know what makes people successful To find out the answers, an American scholar recently visited some of the most successful people in America.①_____
Be responsible for yourself.
Sometimes you may want to blame others for your failure to get ahead. In fact, when you say someone or something outside of yourself is stopping you from making success, you are giving away your own power.②_____
Write a plan.
It is very difficult to try to get what you want without a good plan. It is just like trying to drive through strange roads to a city far away. ③_____ Without this "map", you may waste your time, money and also your energy; while with the "map" you'll enjoy the "trip" and get what you want in the shortest-possible time.
④_____
Nothing great is easy to get. So you must be ready to work hard—even harder than you have ever done. If you are not willing to pay the price, you won't get anything valuable.
Never give up.
⑤_____When you are doing something, you must tell yourself again and again: giving up is worse than failure because failure can be the mother of success ,but giving up means the death of hope.
A. A good plan is like a map to you.
B. It seems to us that everyone knows this. But it is easier said than done.
C. Some people achieve success much later in life because they didn't work harder earlier.
D. You are saying they have more control over your life than you do.
E. Someone else's opinion of you doesn't have to become your reality.
F. Be willing to pay the price.
G. Here are some keys to success that they give.
三、语法填空
6．The young man deserves the highest praise for his _____(brave) shown in the rescue activity
7．You cannot imagine what great difficulty they had _____(solve) the problem.
参考答案
1．1-3.CDA1-3.CDA
解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫遭遇龙卷风的袭击,不离不弃相互扶持最终幸存下来的故事。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"from some text on the TV Jimmy was watching"和"and we changed the channel from the national television to our local Pensacola station, Florida"可知.作者和丈夫是从当地的新闻报道中得知龙卷风消息的,故C项正确。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"And the back wall of the house came off and flew into the darkness outside."以及第三段倒数第二句"As we finally reached the last flight of steps, our front door blew out."可知,作者家的门都被吹飞了,由此推知作者家损坏严重,故D项正确。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"but he couldn't get inside himself because of the wind"和“If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house。”可知, Jimmy差点被吹飞了,由此可见, Jimmy处于危险之中,故A项正确。
2．答案：1-4.ABCB
解析：本文是一篇说明文。由于人类活动的影响导致全球变暖,气候变化影响到了海洋生物的生存,又反作用于人类的生计,人类必须采取措施应对此问题。
1.主旨大意题。通过第一段我们知道了海洋面临的现状:在过去的50年里,海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多。低氧场所自1950年以来增加了十多倍。通过这些现状,科学家预计,随着地球变暖,即使在这些区域之外,氧气也会继续下降。由此可知海洋正在失去氧气,故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段Denise Breitburg说的Oxygen is fundamental to life in the ocean和environment... ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth's environment... The reverberations(影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.可知,海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一,这种不健康的海洋生态系统的影响还会扩大。由此可见海洋氧气的减少有很大影响,故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的...areas traditionally called "dead zones"... oxygen plummets(暴跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and they're easier to be attacked or caught.可知,“死亡地带”的氧气大幅下跌,导致许多动物死去。当鱼类避开这些区域时,它们的栖息地变小,使它们更容易被攻击或捕获。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段中的effects...taxisocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects...taxis and everything else.可知,是人类活动造成了海洋氧气减少,所以要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动,故选B。
3．答案：1-4 DACA
解析：1.题干的意思是:为什么Emma害怕使用拐杖 A她害怕恢复的很慢;B她被警告不要四处走动;C她的脚刚刚动了手术;D她使用的时候经常受伤。根据“I tried crutches but I kept falling over and injuring myself.”我尝试拐杖,但我一直摔跤并弄伤我自己。可知答案。
2.题干的意思是:第二段中的划线单词“gutted”意味着什么 A极度悲伤;B轻微释放;C很惊喜;D很雀跃。回到原文,Emma错过了狼人赛跑,她应该感到很悲伤,答案为A。
3.题干的意思是:让Emma参加这个比赛的实际上是什么 A她的新高科技人造腿;B她害怕令朋友失望;C希望实现野心的强烈渴望;D从手术中完全康复。根据I was really upset that I'd lose my status.(我会失去我的地位,这让我很难过)可知Emma不想错过这次比赛,答案为C。
4.题干的意思是:下列哪项描述Emma最好 A意志坚强的;B正面的;C有创造力的;D幽默的。通读全文,Emma开始害怕走路,但为了参加比赛,她坚持了下来,所以她是个坚强的女孩。
4．答案：①-⑤ DBFEC
解析：解析：本文是一篇说明文,介绍了作者对人类城市与野生动物关系的思考。
①由空前的Cities are built for humans.和空后举的例子可知,城市并不总是为野生动物提供合适的住所,故选D。
②此处设空在段首,考虑到段首句的作用,往往为主题句;由后面细节句...engineersbottom...all gaps running along the length of its bottom...可知,我们人类的行为有时是可以帮助到其他物种的,故选B。
③根据空后句的时间标志词可以判断设空处所填句子与后文内容存在时间节点的对照关系,故选F。At first与后面的Now形成对比。
④空前句In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo.中的opposite与E项中的Instead of形成意义上的呼应,故选E。
⑤上文谈及人类与野生动物共享城市空间的好处,空后句所涉及内容与空前句意思相反,结合空后句的标志词too可知这里在说与空前内容相反的内容,故选C。
5．答案：①-⑤GDAFB
解析：①接下来的几段内容都是讲这些成功人士给出的成功的关键所在。故G项符合上下文。
②根据前句你把自己的失败归咎于他人,实际上是你自己放弃了成功的希望,真正该责备的应该是你自己。故D项符合上下文。
③根据前句说明很多人都是在没有计划的情况下就开始的,那么就好像是在一个完全不熟悉的路上开车一样,所谓预则立,故A项符合上下文。
④此空是一个小标题。根据下文"Nothing great is easy to get. So you must be ready to work hard—even harder than you have ever done"可知,想成功不是那么容易,你一定要准备努力工作—甚至比以前更努力。故F项Be willing to pay the price(愿意付出代价)符合上下文语境。
⑤根据本段所列举的例子可知,这是告诉我们在有了想法的情况之下要立刻行动起来,不要有任何的延误。故B项符合上下文。
6．答案：bravery
解析：句意为:这位年轻人在救援活动中表现出的勇敢值得最高赞扬。设空处作介词for的宾语,根据设空处前的形容词性物主代词his可知,设空处应填brave的名词形式,bravery为不可数名词。
7．答案：solving
解析：句意为:你无法想象他们解决这个问题是多么困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth为固定搭配,意为“做某事有困难”,故填solving。